US2072224A - Impact device - Google Patents

Description

March 2, 1937. K. SEIDL IMPACT DEVICE Filed Jan. 7, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig. 4::

March 2, 1937. K. SEIDL 2,072,224

IMPACT DEVICE Filed Jan. 7, 1935 2 Sheet s-Sheet 2 Fig. 2 a

Patented Mar. 2, 1937' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Menck & Hambrock G.

Hamburg, Germany in. b. H., Altona- Application January 7, 1935, Serial No. 803 In Germany March 4, 1933 3 Claims.

t Impact devices, more particularly pile drivers, are known in various forms, including those with explosion drive, using either solid material such as powder or liquid or material adapted to explode. It has also been proposed in such impact devices to employ the Diesel principle, in which case the length of stroke of the cylinder is limited by the construction of the device, and the impact is produced not principally by a weight,

that is the weight of the ram, but by the shock of the explosion.

It has been found that it is preferable to allow the piston and the driving cylinder in impact devices driven by explosive force, to separate for some distance, which was hitherto unknown for such impact devices which are constantly and positively fed and operated on fuel. In the constructions possible within the scope of this invention it has further been found that the most advantageous is that in which the piston is disposed on the impact plate and is stationary with respect thereto during operation, while the driving cylinder moves and becomes separated from the piston by any desired distance, whereby the 23 combustion space is thoroughly flushed and the waste gases are removed.

This has the advantage that the drop of the 'ram can be made as great as is desired and further the combustion space is thoroughly and immediately flushed out with fresh air so that the explosion space does not remain filled-with waste gas on account of lack of fresh air.

As a driving agent fuels are used which burn when supplied with oxygen and which have the advantage of being cheap and can be re-filled into the cylinder automatically and positively without there being danger of explosion or fire.

Suitable fuels are crude oil, gasoline, petrol, ben-' zol and paraflin oil, that is all known driving agents, as well as gases in suitable form and pulverized coal. The device is started in the manner known for similar devices.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, 7 two modifications of the device are illustrated in -whiohz Figure 1 shows a front view of the device; Figure la shows a cross-sectional view of the form shown in Figure 1, with the pump member shown in elevation; Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a construction modification of the device, and

Figure 2a shows the form as shown in Fig. 2 with the parts in spaced relation.

According to the form shown in Figs. 1 and 1a, the end of the cylinder 6 is provided with a resilient, non-return valve I3, through which fresh air is introduced into the cylinder. The ram I is guided by the rails 2 which are secured to the base 3 which is placed over the pile to be driven. The base 3 is fitted on its upper surface with a cylindrical extension or piston 5 provided with piston rings 4 which when the ram I is in the position of rest engages the cylinder 6.

Above the cylinder 6 the ram I is provided with a second boring or cylinder 1. In this latter cylinder there is a piston B which is guided by means of an axial rod 9 and a transverse rod In on the rails 2.

The clamping screws II of the rod I0 enable its friction on the rails 2 to be altered as desired. The piston 8 is provided on its lower side with a suction valve I2. The boring is connected through a passage 2| with the cylinder 6. This passage 2| is closed by the resilient non-return valve I3.

The boring I is closed at the top by a cover I4 provided with a suction valve I5. The cover I4 has inlet openings I 6 above the suction valve I5.

The mode of operation of the device is as follows:

The base 3 is placed'over the pile to be driven. In the position illustratedin Fig. la the explosion occurs in the cylinder 6. By this explosion the ram is thrown upward. Since the piston 8 is braked by the screws I I it takes part in this up- Ward movement only after a considerable delay. The air contained in the boring 1 becomes compressed and after the ram is raised so high that the piston 5 lies outside the cylinder 6 the exhaust gases in the cylinder 6 are allowed to escape. At the same time however the compressed air contained in the boring 1 causes the non-return valve I3 to be unseated and the air flows into the cylinder 6 and displaces the exhaust gases. When the ram I drops again this fresh air new contained in the cylinder 6 is compressed. At the same time more fresh air is drawn into the boring 1 through the suction valves I2 and I5 which at the next explosion is compressed in boring I as described above. When the ram I has again reached the position illustrated in Figure 1a, fuel is injected through the passage 22 into the cylinder I5 by means of a pump of any suitable type which is driven by the stroke of the ram I,

- such a pump being shown at 26 and being of the injection type. The ram I is provided with a cam element 23 which operates the bell crank lever 24 which in turn actuates the pump 26 by means of the member 25. The compression in the cylinder 6 is so great that ignition occurs spontaneously in accordance. with the principle involved in Diesel engines and the ram is thrown upwards again.

It is clear that the ram according to the invention does not require auxiliary devices, such as ignition device, steam boiler, compressors or the like. The cost is therefore very small. It is extremely light and handy. It can be used in places where electric power and coal are not available.

It would naturally be possible to make the piston 8 fixedwithout using the clamping screws i I. In this case, however, the air compression in the boring I would not be consistently the same during operation since the power of explosion varies according to different conditions as for example, temperature and the lke. .It would also be possible to fix the piston in a favorable position by tightening the clamping screws l I.

According to Figs. 2 and 2a the hammer or ram I is guided by a single tube I! which passes through the boring I and is secured to the piston 5' of the base 8'. The tube I1 is rovided with inlet and outlet ports or slots iii a d I8. The air which has been compressed in the boring 1' as described above in connection with the modification shown in Figs. 1 and 1a, passes through the slots l8 into the tube l1 and then through slots l8 into the cylinder 6 so as to clear out the exhaust gases. The piston 8' is mounted on the tube I! by means of a conical slotted threaded sleeve is, on which a nut 20 is screwed, according to the degree of braking desired. The supply of air together with the explosive charge into the cylinder 6' is effected in this case through the tube slots l8 as shown in Fig. 2a, the pump being omitted in this latter modification.

It will be seen that the position of the piston 8' on the tube i1 regulates the opening and closing of the slots l8 while the central portion of the ram i' through which the tube I1 passes,

regulates the opening and closing of the slots II.

It is also possible to keep the piston 0' in the ready position by means of a compression spring, (not shown) in the boring I. The compression of the air in the boring I is obtained under the influence of the inertia of the piston I since when the ram is thrown upwards the piston 8' has a tendency to remain in its place. The air contained in the boring I is therefore compressed. This modiflcation is provided with the suction valves l2 and II and the inlet openings 16', similar to the parts l2, II and It in Figure la. The operation is the same as that discussed with reference to Figures 1 and la.

What I claim is:

1. An impact device driven by the explosive force of liquid combustibles, the ignition of which is effected by compression thereof, for driving piles, comprising an impact plate adapted to fit on a pile, a piston secured to the upper face of said impact plate, guiding means on the impact plate, a. movable ram provided with a cylindrical bore at the lower end thereof and slidably mounted on said guiding means and engageable periodically with said piston to form a combustion chamber, and means for introducing an explosive charge into said chamber.

2. An impact device as claimed in claim 1,

comprising a non-return valve at the upper endof said cylindrical bore and means for forcing air through said valve into said combustion chamber. 3. An impact device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guiding means and the means for introducing an explosive charge is a hollow tube mounted on said piston extending through said movable ram, said tube being provided with slotted openings for admitting air together with the explosive charge into said combustion chamber.

KARL SEIDL.

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