US2068809A

US2068809A - Method of permanent waving hair

Info

Publication number: US2068809A
Application number: US756175A
Authority: US
Inventors: Maeder Frederic
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1933-06-13
Filing date: 1934-12-05
Publication date: 1937-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 1954-01-26

Description

Patented Jan. 26, 1937 PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF PERMANENT WAVING HAIR Frederic Maeder, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia N Drawing. Application December 5, Serial No. 756,175. In Germany June 13,

6 Claims.

Application has been filed in Germany June 13, 1933.

The invention relates to a method for the permanent waving of hair and a product for making such permanent waves.

One of the advantages of the invention consists in that it is possible to obtain permanent waves without heating the hair for hours as heretofore and without a current-carrying and highly-heated heating apparatus in the vicinity of the scalp.

The invention comprises impregnatingthe hair with a solution of a sulphide, then forming it and finally heating the coil of hair to a relatively low temperature. The following applies as guide for the low temperature of the hair:

If a heating element without heat supply during the heating process is employed, the said heating element is heated to about 120 C., and

is placed on the hair while at that temperature. Upon the heat being absorbed by the hair, the temperature rapidly falls below 100 C. If a mercury thermometer is introduced into the heating element (circular ,clip) next to the coil of hair, the temperature rises within a minute to the maximum of about C., to fall within about 17 minutes to about 35 C. Due to the inertia of the mercury thermometer, the initial temperature attained will probably be slightly higher. After cooling, the clip is removed from the coil of hair.

As previously stated, a heating element (metal clip) without continuous supply of heat, may most simply be employed for attaining a lowtemperature heating stage.

The heating element packing, for example aluminium clip, is preferably made with walls of such thickness, for example 2 to 3 millimetres, that the heat absorbed on heating to a relatively low temperature (about 120 C.) suffices for drying. In order to render the heat absorbed fully utilizable for this purpose, and to make it possible to grasp the clip from the outside, it is preferable to provide it with a thermal insulation,

for example felt covering.

As sulphides, in principle the sulphides of. all substances may be employed. In order to be able to act upon the hair, they must naturally be dissolved, for which purpose either soluble sulphides are employed or starting mixtures which form soluble sulphides by reaction. It'is advisable to employ an addition of alkali, for example addition of ammonia. As sulphides come into consideration more particularly: the sulphides of the alkalis, for example sodium sulphide, ammonium sulphide, of the alkaline earths, heavy metals, particularly also mixtures of sulphides of heavy metals, such as orpiment with lime or other alkali substances which react further to form soluble sulphides.

5 For example, the invention may be carried out in the following manner:

The hair is impregnated with an aqueous solution of 2.5 parts of. sodium sulphide in 97.5 parts of water, by means of a pad of wedding. The hair is now coiled on a curler of known construction which if desired may be heated. A packing, for example a metal clip, previously heated to C. is now placed over the coiled hair. Preferably, this clip has substantially the form of a longitudinally cut tube in the interior of which lies the curler with the hair. The clip is now allowed to cool, which requires about 10 to 15 minutes, and is thereupon removed. It is found even after washing and placing in hot water that the hair has thereby assumed the wave form,

For heating the clip either a steam bath is employed, the clips being kept dry, or an electrical heating rod on which the clip is placed. Of. course, it is also possible to employ other heating means, such as for example heating by methylated spirit, but the above-mentioned kinds of heating afford the advantage of ensuring a constant temperature for the heating packing.

Of course, for heating, it is also possible to use one of the known heating elements with constant supply of heat (current, hot water) if a lowtemperature shown by the above numerical data is employed. or course the apparatus to be employed in that case is more complicated. The temperature data specified relate to normal hair.

In the case of fine hair, which has a greater example a concentrated viscous gum arabic solu-.

tion in the proportion of 50 cc. to 10 cc. of gum arabic solution. Further examples of such substances to be added are: albuminous substances and their dissociation products, collagenes, gelatin, agar agar, cellulose, starch, resins and syn thetic resins, soluble starch, dextrine, shellac, viscose. In principle, the said substances may be added in a concentration of about 3%. Among the organic colloids, keratin has been found to be the most suitable.

Example with keratin 100 grams of commercial keratin are suspended in 500 cc. of alcohol of about 96 per cent strength, and the liquid is slowly poured with constant stirring into 500 cc. of aqueous concentrated ammonia (specific gravity 0.900). After solution has taken place cc. thereof are mixed with 100 cc. of a 10 per cent ammonium hydrosulphide solution. The solution is employed as described above.

Example with barium sulphide and keratin 10 grams of barium sulphide are introduced into 120 cc. of aqueous ammonia (of specific gravity 0.900). While the liquid is still milky and before the powder settles, 60 cc. of a 10 per cent aqueous alcoholic keratin solution are quickly added thereto and the liquid is separated from the precipitate formed. Of course, barium sulphide may also be employed without keratin.

In order to secure better drying of the hair, alcohol may be added to the solutions.

The eiIect oi the keratin may be improved still more considerably by adding to the keratin solution precipitants of such kind and in such quantity that a part of the keratin is separated out. Suitable precipitants are salts which, due to their electrolyte property, salt out a part of the keratin. Sodium chloride may be employed more particularly. Still, all other substances which are known to be precipitants of lyophile colloids may be employed. However, the concentration must be so selected that a part of the keratin still remains in solution.

Example-40 grams of keratin are suspended in 250 grams of alcohol (96 per cent) and are dis solved by the addition of 1000 grams of ammonia (25 per cent). 40 grams of common salt are added thereto, the resulting precipitate is filtered oi! and the filtrate is mixed in the proportion of 1:1 with a 6 per cent solution of sodium sulphide (containing water of crystallization). The liquid is then filtered again and when not in use is closed' airtight.

I claim:-

1. A method for eflfecting permanent waving of hair which comprises the steps of impregnating the hair with a sulphide solution having a concentration not substantially in excess of 6%. coiling the impregnated hair, and heating the coiled hair for a short period or time at a temperature suiiiciently high to set the wave but not higher than 100 C.

2. A method for effecting permanent waving of hair which comprises the steps of impregnating the hair with a sulphide solution having a concen tration not substantially in excess of 6%, coiling the impregnated hair, and heating the coiled hair for a short period of time to a temperature not substantially in excess of C.

3. A method for effecting permanent waving of hair which comprises the steps of impregnating the hair with a sulphide solution having a concentration not substantially in excess oi 6% containing an organic colloid, coiling the impregnated hair, and heating the coiled hair to a temperature sufiiciently high to set the wave but less than C.

4. A method for effecting permanent waving of hair which comprises the steps of impregnating the hair with a sulphide solution having a concentration not substantially in excess of 6% and a solution of keratin, coiling the impregnated hair, and heating the coiled hair for a short period of time to a temperature not substantially in excess of 65 C.

5. A method for efi'ecting permanent waving of hair which comprises the steps of impregnating the hair with a sulphide solution having a concentration not substantially in excess of 6% and a solution of keratin from which a portion of the keratin has been precipitated out, coiling the impregnated hair, and heating the coiled hair for a short period of time to a temperature not substantially in excess of 100 C.

6. A method for efiecting permanent waving of hair which comprises the steps of impregnating the hair with an ammoniacal solution of barium sulphide having a concentration not substantially in excess of 6%, coiling the impregnated hair, and heating the coiled hair for a short period of time to a temperature not substantially in excess of 100 C.

FREDERIC MAEDER.