US206083A - Improvement in electrical lamps - Google Patents

Description

E. BRGIN.

Electrical Lamps.

`-haoQ'z-oegos's. Patented Jul-y 16, 187s.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIoE,

EMIL BRGIN, OF BASLE", SIVITZERLAXD.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRICAL LAMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 206,083, dated July 16,1578; application filed April 16, 1878.

To alt whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMIL BRGIN, of Basle, in the Republic of Switzerland, have invented an Improvement in Electric Lamps 5 and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to that class of electric lamps in which light is produced by the combustion of carbons in the electric circuit.

The invention has for its object the automatic adjustment of the carbons to keep them at the proper distance apart for the production of a light of a maximum intensity.

Figure l in the drawing is a side` elevation of an electric lamp constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is another elevation of the same, viewed at right angles from lthe direction in which the lamp is seen in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a section on the line a: E in Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a modification of one part ofthe machine.

A is a base or pedestal, upon which all the parts ofthe lamp are supported, and to which they are. attached. B and B' are hollow posts, connected at their upper ends by a crosspiece, C. In each of said posts, in the sides of the saine which face each other, is a vertical slot, d, Fig. 3. In said hollow posts play vertically the bars E E'. In the top of the barE is a carbon-holder, F, and screw for holding one of the carbons, G. To an arm, H, extending from the bar E', is attached an inverted socket or carbon-holder, F', and a screw for holding the other carbon, G'. Through the vertical slot d in the hollow post B extends from the bar E a pin, screw, or projection, t', which slides vertically in the slot d when the said bar Emoves up and down in said hollow post. Similarly from the bar E' extends a pin, screw, or projection, t', through the vertical slot in the inner side of the hollow post B', said projection sliding vertically in said slot as the bar E' moves up or down in said hollow post. Attached to and projecting from the hollow post B' extends toward the hollow post B the arms or brackets k k', containing bearings for the grooved sheaves l t' l".

To the lower part of the pillar B' are pivoted, at one end, bars mm', preferably of brass. To the other ends of said bars -m m' is pivoted the armature N. Said bars m m' are so pivoted to said post B' and armature N that when said armature is lifted vertically it moves (always in a vertical position) away from the post B', and vice versa-that is to say, when the said armature moves away from said post it is also lowered vertically.

The system of bars m m' and the attached armature are actuated in a downward and rearward direction by the spring O, and the said armature is actuated in a forward and upward direction by an electro-magnet, P P, the coils of which form part of the circuit through which the electric current reaches the carbons.

To the magnetP P is attached an adjustingscrew, P', which works in a fixed bearing in or on the base or pedestal A, and by which the relation of distance between the said magnet and the armature N may be adjusted for dierent strengths of current, in order that the weight of the said magnet, or the weight of the said magnet and the strength of the spring O acting together, may be nicely balanced or adjusted to the strength of the circuit to produce the effect herein described.

It will be seen that the peculiar combination of the armature with the bars m m' prevents the ordinary attachment of an adjusting-screw to the armature for the purpose of regulating the distance of the armature from the magnet; and to secure such adjustability, I attach such screw to the magnet itself instead of the armature.

From the upper part of the armature N rises a support, Q, which has formed therein bear-- ings for the shaft It. Upon the shaft t are attached pulleys s and s', which turn with said shaft. Attached to the pulleys, which has half the diameter of the pulley s', is a cord or chain, T, which winds upon said pulley, then passes over the sheave l', and, passing' downward, is attached to the projection t' on the bar E. Attached to the pulley s' is a cord or chain, T', which passes under the sheave Z", then over the sheave l, then downward to the projection on the bar E'. To the shaft B is also attached a wheel, V, which may have a perimeter milled or toothed to engage the head of a spring, w, attached to the under side of the cross-piece C; or, instead of acting like a spring-pawl, the spring w may act like a friction-brake, as

shown in Fig. 4, in which case the periphery of the wheelVis notmilled, toothed, or notched, but is preferably left smooth.

The bracket or arm 7c is fitted to slide on the post B', and is provided with an adjustingscrew, Y, having a fixed bearing in the crosspiece. C, by which arrangement the light may be adjusted in proper relation with the focus of a lens or reflector.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: The wheel V is first turned in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow in the drawing, which causes the carbon socket or holder F' to move upward and the socketor holder F to move downward. Vhen the said carbon-holders F F' are thus separated the carbons are placed in the holders and secured by the screws in the usual manner. The wheel V being then allowed to turn freely, the bar E' (which, being lon ger, is heavier th an the bar E) moves down by its own gravity, and, turning the wheel V by the cord or chain T and the pulley s', winds the cord T on the pulley s, and raises at the same time the carbonholder F till the carbons meet. The electric current is then connected with the lamp, whereupon the magnet P P attracts the armature N, which, by the radial movement of the arms m m', is caused to move upward, carrying with it the wheel V. The upward movement of the wheel V brings its upper edge into engagement with the spring w, which prevents said wheel from turning on its shaft It. By the said movement of the wheel V the distance from R to l' is shortened, which permits the bar E and the carbon Gr to descend a little, separating the carbons sufficiently to produce an intense light. y

As the carbons get shorter their distance asunder increases, the resistance to the passage of the current increases, the power of the magnet P P is lessened, and the power of the spring O becomes superior to that of the magnet. The armature N is then pulled away from the magnet, and, descending, carries the Wheel V downward with it, freeing said wheel from the retaining-spring w. When this takes place the bar E' falls a little, and the bar E rises a little, bringing the carbons nearer together again.

By this means the lamp becomes self-adjusting, the spring O pulling away the armature N whenever the resistance to the current becomes too great, and the magnet P P attracting the armature whenever t-he current passes with sufficient freedom through the circuit; and at each time the said spring draws away the said armature the carbons are caused to approach each other sufficiently to compensate for their consumption.

The lamp, as described, is intended for use in connection with a lens or reilector, which requires the light to be maintained at a prescribed altitude, and, as the carbon on the positive pole burns away about twice as fast as the other, it requires to be moved twice as much as the negative carbon. This is accomplished by making the diameter-.the

pulley s twice the diameter of the pulley s,

which, the upper carbon G' being positive, gives its holder F' twice as much movement as that given to the negative carbon-holder F; but when the precise altitude of the light is a matter of no importance, said light not being required to be adjusted in relation with a focus of a lens or of a reflector, I may use, instead of the sliding bar E', an immovable upright bar, and actuate the wheel V and pulley s by means of a spring around the shaft It, to raise the sliding bar E, and to compensate for the combustion of the carbons. In such case the pulleys and cord or chain for transmitting motion to the said shaft R from the bar E will be unnecessary.

Vhat I claim as my invention is- I. In an electric lamp, the combination of an electro-magnet, P P, armature N, parallel bars m m', pivoted to the said armature, and the pulley-support Q, attached to said armature, whereby, when the said armature is pulled laterally by the said magnet, the said armature and pulley-support are also lifted by the said magnet, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination, with the magnet P P, the armature N, and the bars m m', constructed and operating substantially as described, of the adjusting-screw P', attached to the said magnet, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination, with the vertically-moving bars E Il', carrying carbon-holders, of a magnet, P P, an armature, N, bars m m', pivoted at one end to said armature and at the other end to a suitable support, the sprin g O, wheel V, and, pulleys s s', connected with the armature by a support, Q, cords or chains T T', and sheaves l l' l", all constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.

EMIL BURGIN.

IVitnesses:

RAOUL Picrnr, TH. TURRETTINI.

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