US743240A

US743240A - Electric-arc lamp.

Info

Publication number: US743240A
Application number: US11577402A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hugo Bremer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1902-07-16
Filing date: 1902-07-16
Publication date: 1903-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 1920-11-03

Description

No. 743,240. PATENTED NOV. '3, 1903.

H. BREMER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP".

APPLICATION IILBD JULY 16, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

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Patented November 3, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

HUGO BREMER, OF NEHEIh/I, GERMANY.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 743,240, dated November 3, 1903.

' Application 51st July 16,1902. Serial No. 115,774. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HUGO BREMER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Nehein1-on-the-Ruhr,Westphalia, in the Einpire of Germany, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electric-arc lamps, and has for its object to provide an improved arrangement for striking the arc and regulating the feed.

According to my invention the positive and negative carbons are arranged to be fed simultaneously, the movement being dependent upon the rotation of a toothed wheel which engages with a correspondingly-toothed sector, the position of which relatively to the wheel is governed by a regulating-electromagnet or by the differential action of two electromagnets.

' The invention is particularly applicable to lamps in which both carbons point in the downward direction, being inclined toward one another, in which case both carbon-holders are connected to one end of a flexible cord which passes over a pulley connected with the axle of the toothed wheel aforementioned, the other end of the cord being connected with a counterweight. Where the invention is applied to lamps in which the positive and negative carbons are in alinement, the holders of the two carbons will be connected to opposite ends of the flexible cord in a wellknown manner.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side View of an arc-lamp having carbons inclined to one another and both pointing downward, with regulating and feeding apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side view taken at right angles to the first figure, parts of the lamp being removed in order to more clearly show the construction.

Referring now to Fig, 1, the carbons are shown at 1 2, their lower ends extending down through suitable orifices in metal pieces 3 4, mounted on the base-plate 5, being suitably insulated from said base-plate. The upper ends of the carbons are clamped in carbon-holders 6 7, adapted to slide freely on guide-rods 8 9, which are secured to the parts 3 4, and the upper plate 10 of the lamp being of course suitably insulated from these parts. The carbon-holders are each provided with a pair of guide-pulleys 11, between which passes a rod 12, adapted to move in a Vertical direction parallel to itself, being suitably guided by a central rod 13. The crossrod 12 is divided into two parts properly insulated from each other and from the central rod, and its middle point is connected to one end of the flexible cord 14, the other end of which is attached to acounterweight15, also sliding on the vertical rod 16. The flexible cord 14 passes at the top over a pulley 17, which is friotionally mounted on the axle 18 of the toothed wheel 19, this axle being supported in suitable bearings 20 in the upper part of the lamp. Above the toothed wheel is a second axle 21, carrying a toothed segment 22, adapted to engage with the wheel 19, and secured to the axle 21 is an arm 23, carrying atits end suitably-shaped cores 24 25, corresponding to the electromagnets 26 27, respectively. Of these the magnet 26 is joined as a shunt to the arc and the magnet 27 is connected in series with the arc. The axle 21 is provided with a counterweight 28 and a spring 29, which tends to maintain the parts in the position shown inFig. 2 of the drawings.

Carried on its axle 18 and fixed to the pulley 17 is a heavy ily-wheel 80, the inertia of which causes it to act as a retarding device and prevents the movement of the pulley 17 from taking place too suddenly.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: The lamp is first adjusted by raising and lowering the-counterweight 15 until the carbonpoints are separated to approximately the length of the are required, the segment 22 being in the position shown in Fig. 2 of the drawingsthat is to say, in engagement with the wheel l9-and the arm 23 is approximately vertical. This adjustment can readily be made by reason of the frictional connection between. the pulley 17 and the axle 18. When current is turned on, the shunt- 001126, being energized, attracts the magnetic core 24 and, through the arm 23 and axle 21, rotates the toothed segment 22 until it becomes disengaged from the spur-wheel 19,

whereupon the carbons descend until their lower points come into contact, the counterweight being of course so proportioned as to permit this to take place. As soon as the carbons come into contact the shunt-coil 26 is deenergized and the series coil 27 is energized, whereupon the core is attracted and the axle 21 is rotated in the reverse direction until the toothed segment 22 engages with the wheellt), rotating the same until the carbon-points are separated, thereby striking the are. As the carbons are consumed and the arc increases in length the current in the shunt-coil 26 increases and the core 24: is raised until the toothed segment 22 becomes disengaged from the spur-wheel 19, whereupon the pulley 17is permitted to rotate and the carbons feed together again; but as soon as the arc is brought to its normal length and the resistance is decreased the shunt-current is reduced and the toothed segment 22 again engages with the spur-wheel 19 and stops its further movement.

I have found that when the lamp is properly adjusted and working under ordinary conditions of supply the spur-wheel 19 to tates tooth by tooth as the carbons feed and a very gradual and satisfactory regulation is obtained.

"With inclined carbons pointing downward and furnished with inclined guides, as above described, it will be clear that owing to the carbon-holders being connected at the rod 12 each carbon will be fed the same distance, and therefore they must be arranged to burn at the same rate. The are is preferably located within a reflector. Then if one carbon happens to consume at a slower rate than the other it will project below the edge of the reflector, and thereby burn away, owing to its being in an atmosphere richer in oxygen than the atmosphere within the reflector, until it becomes the same length as the other carbon. The same result can be obtained with unequally-burning carbons by pr viding metal radiating-sleeves 31, through which the carbon-points project. The point of the quickerburning carbon will then approach nearer to its sleeve, and its heat being thereby reduced it will not burn awayso quickly as it otherwise would. In lieu of sleeves a mass of metal may be placed in proximity to the lower ends of the carbon with a similar effect.

It sometimes happens with electrodes in which there is a considerable percentage of mineral salts mixed with the carbon that a slag is formed near the points, which when the carbons come together prevents the passage of the current, and thereby prevents the are being struck. In order to obviate this inconvenience, I may provide a lever 32, pivoted at 33 to the lower plate of the lamp, the inner end of said lever being adapted to make contact with the negative carbon when the lever is in the position shown in full lines in the drawings. The other end of said lever is connected with the armature 3a of a series -segment 22 engaging with the wheel 19.

magnet 85. As long as said magnet is energized its armature is attracted and the lever is moved into the position shown in dotted lines in the drawings. WVhen, however, the arc is broken and the series magnet 35 becomes deenergized, its armature being released, the lever moves to the position shown in full lines in the drawings, in which it makes contact with the negative carbon 1. The lever is itself attached to the positive pole of the circuit, as shown. Hence when it touches the negative carbon a short circuit is established, the magnet 35 is energized, and the lever is thereupon moved to the position shown in dotted lines in the drawings, an are being struck between the lever and the negative carbon. This are as the lever moves away will impinge on the positive carbon, and thereby an arc will be set up between the two carbons, whereupon the lamp will operate in the usual manner. In lieu of using an electromagnetic arrangement for moving the lever 32 I may operate the same manually by means of a cord, as indicated at 36.

In place of a lever which is connected to one pole of the circuit and makes contact with that electrode which is connected to the opposite, pole of the circuit I may employ a lever which in its operative position makes contact with both carbons, its withdrawal causing the establishment of an are directly between the carbons. In view of the fact, however, that sometimes the carbons are not exactly the same length I prefer the arrangement first described.

When the invention is applied to a lamp .in which the carbons are in alinement, each carbon is guided in a vertical direction in a well-known manner, and the flexible cord 14; has one end connected to the upper carbon and the other end connected to the lower carbon, so that rotation of the pulley 17 and spur-wheel 19 in the one direction separates the carbons and in the other direction causes the carbons to approach.

In a modification of the invention I dispense with the series-wound coil 27, in which case the weight of the core 24: when the shuntcoil 26 is wholly or partially deenergized will cause the axle 21 to rotate in such a direction as to strike the are by means of the toothed The weighted arm may be secured to the axle 21, if necessary, to assist in this process. The feeding of the lamp in this case by variation of the current passing through the shunt-coil acting on its magnetic core will be readily understood without further description.

What I claim is- 1. In an arc-lamp the combination of the carbons, holders therefor,a flexible cord connected to said holders, a pulley round which said core passes, a heavy fiy-wheel secured to said pulley, a toothed wheel coaxial with said pulley and connected thereto, a toothed sector adapted to be engaged with and disengaged from said toothed wheel and electromagnetic means for determining the position of said sector in accordance with the state of the arc.

2. In an arc-lamp the combination of downwardly-pointing and inclined carbons, carbon-holders therefor, guide-pulleys in said carbon-holders, a cross-piece passing between the guide-pulleys in each carbon-holder so as to have sliding connection therewith, and a flexible cord connecting said cross-piece with the regulating mechanism of the lamp.

3. In an arc-lamp the combination of downwardly-pointing and inclined carbons, a flexible cord one end of which is connected to the upper ends of said carbons and the other end of which is connected to a counterweight a pulley round which said cord passes, a toothed wheel coaxial with said pulley and connected thereto, a toothed sector adapted to be engaged with and disengaged from said toothed wheel, and electromagnetic means for determining the position of said sector in accordance with the state of the arc.

4. In an arc-lamp the combination of downwardly pointing carbons, carbon holders therefor, a flexible cord connected to the said holders, a pulley round which said cord passes, a toothed wheel coaxial with the said pulley and connected thereto, and a toothed sector adapted to be engaged with and dis engaged from the toothed wheel, the position of said sector being determined by the difierential action of shunt and series electromagnets in accordance with the state of the arc.

5. In an arc-lamp, the combination with downwardly-pointing electrodes, of means for arresting the too-rapid consumption of either of the electrodes, such means consisting of masses of metal in proximity to the electrodepoints.

6. In an arc-lamp, the combination with downwardly-pointin g electrodes, of means for securing an approximately even burning of the same, such means consisting of metal sleeves surrounding the electrodes in proximity to their points.

7. In an arc-lamp, the combination with downwardly-pointing electrodes and a re flector surrounding the electrode-points, of means for securing a practically even burning of the electrodes, such means consisting of metal sleeves surrounding the points thereof.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this th day of June, 1902.

HUGO BREMER.

Witnesses:

A. A. BERGIN, WALTER J. SKERTEN.