US2055366A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 22, 1936. H. D. scHRADER 2,055,356

GAS BURNER Filedl Jan. 15, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 22,Y 1936. H. D. scHRADER GAS BURNER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Y Filed Jan. 15, 1932 N0. 3@ -l l H l o m@ 1| WO om n@ E m II- o VH Il, @l O- M w w INVENTOR Sept. 22, 1936. H. D. scHRADER GAS BURNER Filed Jan. l5, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Sept. 22, 1936. H. D. scl-umalara GAS BURNER Filed Jan; 15, 1952 INVENTOR Patented Sept. 22, 1936 Harold D. Schrader, Tulsa, Okla.

Application January15, 1932, Serial No. 586,765

, 3 Claims.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in gas burners for use primarily for kilns in which clay products are burned but also "adapted to other use, and has for its object; to

provide a burner, the gasnozzle of which is calculated to eject the gas in manner whereby the gas and air will form a more perfect combustible mixture for the desired use, than has heretofore been possible; to provide an arrangement of air l0 conduits and registers or inlets into the mixing chamber in manner whereby the mixture of gas and air will be more nearly perfect for the use stated, than has heretofore been possible; to provide a mixing block assembly for the burner and mixing chamber in form more encient than has heretofore been known, for the use stated; to provide said burner in form and arrangement simple, cheap and easily operated and adjusted;

to provide said burner in form readily removable from one kiln to another; to provide said burner in form whereby it may be readily withdrawn from the mixing chamber so that a refractory shield may be interposed between it and the combustion chamber of the kiln when the same is sufficiently hot and the burner not in use; to provide a burner adapted to properly function with equal efficiency both for low temperatures and for high temperatures and one that may be easily regulated for the various temperature changes;

and to provide a gas burner whereby an incomplete combustion may be obtained when desired for treating and coloring the wares being burned.

With the above and other objects in View which will appear as the description proceeds, my invention consists in the novel features hereinafter set forth in detail, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which numerals of like character designate similar parts throughout the several views:

Fig. l is a view in longitudinal cross section of the complete apparatus including the gas nozzle, mixing block assembly and air register assembly.

Fig. 2 is a view in elevation of the air register assembly attached to the mixing block assembly but withdrawn from the face thereof with a heat resisting shield interposed between it and the furnace or kiln.

Fig. 3 is a partial .front view in elevation of the air register assembly.

Fig. 4 is a view of an axial section of a burner head having a plurality of discharge orices one l of which is adapted to be opened and closed and otherwise regulated while the burner is in operation.

Fig. 5 is a view in front elevation on line 5-5 of Fig. 6 showing a spider arrangement for holding the gas burner ln the primary air chamber. 5

.i independently delivered to each of the discharge orifices in the gas burner shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is-a cross section view on line 8 8 of 15 Fig. 6.

Figs. 9A and 9B are views of the burner tip of the smaller discharge orifice shown in Fig. 6.

Fig.`10 is a view in front elevation on line I0--i 0 of Fig. 11 showing a spider arrangement for holdn ing the gas burner in the primary air chamber.

Fig. 11-is a longitudinal cross section view of another modified form of construction of a. gas burner and also of. a primary air chamber wherein a surface of refractory material is used to im- 2E pinge the gas directed toward said refractory surface from one of the discharge orices of the burner.

Fig'. 12 is a partial cross sectional view of the said burner construction.

Fig. 13 is a view in elevation on line I3-i3 of Fig. 11 showing a construction providing ducts to the discharge orifices of the burner.

Figs. 14A and 14B are views in elevation of. one of the burner tips of the burner shown in Fig. 11. 35

Figs. 15C and 15D are views of a preferred form of construction of a single burner mixing block assembly with C, showing a front elevation of the same and D showing a longitudinal cross section thereof. 40

Fig. 16 is a view in front elevation of a. preferred form of construction of a nest of mixing block assembly for a plurality of gas burners.

Fig. 17 is a longitudinal cross sectional view 45 of a gas burner provided with means of supplying a forced draft in the primary air passageway and also of a. modified form of construction of the gas delivery ducts to the burner.

Fig. 18 is a cross sectional view of the samew on line I8-I8 of Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a cross sectional view of the same on line i9|9 of Fig. 17.

Figs. 20A and 20B are views in elevation of the burner tip shown in Fig. 17. 55

Fig. 21 is a view of the mixing block assembly on line 2I-2i of Fig. 1.

In Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, I represents the wall oi the kiln or furnace, 2 generally the mixing block assembly therein with 2a a frame therefor which supports the hereinafter mentioned air register assembly. 3 is the secondary air duct formed between the member 3b of the mixing block assembly 2 and the hereinafter mentioned collar 5b. 4 is an auxiliary air duct formed in member 4b of the mixing block assembly 2. 5 is the primary air duct which for convenience as well as eiciency is formed by a short collar 5b held in the air register assembly instead of in the mixing block assembly.

The position of the exits of air ducts 3, 4, and 5, are indicated by numerals 3a, 4a, and 5a, respectively and the mixing of gas andair occurs from the burner tip where the gas enters thruout the mixing block assembly and into the combustion chamber proper. 6 represents generally the air register assembly which is slidably mounted on the mixing block assembly by means of bars 1 attached thereto, through projecting arms 8 extending from said register. This slidable mounting permits the entire burner and air register assembly to be withdrawn v from the face of the mixing block assembly and to interpose a shield 9 of a refractory substance between the register with its burner mounted therein and the furnace or kiln when the burner is not in use and heat is to be retained in the kiln. It also permits the air register assembly `to be bodily removed from the mixing block as- 'the primary air passageway 5, and il representing the duct into the secondary air passageway 3, and i2 representing the duct into the auxiliary air passageway f3. Dampers are provided for the various passageways, I3 being the damper for the primary duct 5, and i3 being the damper for the secondary air duct 3, and i5 being the damper for the auxiliary air duct 3. It will be noted that the dampers i3 and i5 are slidably mounted on the bars I3 and may be moved to and away from the face of the air ducts in the register, and that the damper I5 is mounted directly on the damper I3 by means of its respective bars held on the damper M, and that it may be locked thereon l by thumbscrews il. All of the dampers are likewise capable of being locked on their respective bars by means of similar thumb screws shown. The damper i3 is, however, slidably mounted on the outer gas pipe I8.

The gas conduits and burner head are located preferably along the axis of the mixing block assembly and register and consist of a gas conduit or pipe i8 with the burner head i9 mounted thereon and an inner gas conduit or pipe 20 positioned concentric of said pipe i8 and located therein and which is also connected into said burner head i9. Both of said gas conduits are connected into the source of supply of said gas. The outer conduit is connected thereinto thru an L 2| and into a valve or cutoi 22 and hence into the T 23 which is connected with the general supply conduit 23 and leads to the discharge orice 25. The inner conduit 20 is connected into the common source of gas supply thru a stuiling box 25 mounted on the outer conduit i8 into which stufilng box said conduit i8 is passed and with an opening or openings 21 thru said inner conduit communicating with the aperture or apertures 28 of a spacer cage 29 which in turn communicates with a port 30 in the stuiling box chamber which in turn communicates with the T 23 thru a valve or stop cock 3| and pipe nipples union and an L as shown in the drawings. The conduit 20 is plugged after having vented into the yspacer cage and the packing element 32 packs oil the conduit 20 from atmosphere while the packing element 33 packs ofi said conduit 20 from the conduit I8, as the two packing elements mentioned coniine the passage of the gas from port 30 to conduit 20. Conduit 20 leads to a discharge orifice 34 in the burner head. The arrangement of valves 22 and 3| permits of an independent regulation of the iiow of gas to each of the discharge orices 25 and 3B or a total cutting off of the gas supply to either orifice. The packing gland 35 compresses the packing elements 32 and 33 to pack off in the stuillng box 26.

Concerning the gas burner itself and more particularly its discharge orifices and their regulation, in Fig. 4 the enlarged drawing of the burner head i9 shows a truncated cone 36 threaded on said pipe 2U, the same also being shown in Fig. 1, which provides a bearing for the pipe 20 to retain its center alignment so that the lips of the discharge orice 25 conform to each other. Member 36 also serves as a jam nut or thrust flange on one end of the pipe 20. The pipe 23 continues thru said member 36 and on its end is permanently affixed the burner tip 31 of orifice 25. The other end of pipe 20 is threaded as at 38, on which thread is a lock or jam nut 33 held for convenience within a cage in the end of the stuffing box gland 35. At the end of the pipe 20 is a knob or handle 4G secured thereto by means of which plpe 20 may be moved longitudinally, to open, close and otherwise regulate the discharge orifice 25, which may be done by pulling backward on said knob, thus forcing the truncated cone 36 into frictional contact with the body portion of the burner head I8, whereupon the pipe 2D may be turned in its threads in said member 36 to cause the orice 25 to be regulated, opened or closed as may be desired, after which the jam nut 33 may be turned to lock the pipe 2@ in its desired position. The ducts, (il in the body portion of the burner head i9. at all times communicate between said oriiice 25 and said conduit I8, in the same manner as in the head shown in Fig. 6, and the orice is regulated as aforesaid solely by the movement of its burner tip 31.

The burner tip 31 also serves as a container or body portion for the discharge orifice 33 which communicates with pipe 20. This last named oriiice has a burner tip 32 threaded into the burner tip' 31 and recessed as at i3 to communicate with the end of pipe 20 on which the burner tip 31 is held. The burner tip 32 is provided with ducts M leading from said recess 33 into an annular recess at the orifice 3d. This arrangement is also shown for the'small orifice yburner tip in Fig. 6, and the corresponding ducts are clearly shown in Fig. 9 of the burner tip mentioned. The burner tip 42 at the orice 33 is not adjustable to vary the orifice while the burner is in operation, but it may be adjusted when not in use by screwing it in or out of the member 31. A spacer -washer of desired thickness may be inserted abutting between the end of the pipe 20 and the threaded member 42, similar to the arrangement of spacer washers shown in Fig. 6.

Consider now the second set of drawingsliigs. 5 to 9 inclusive, a modified form of nozzle and gas delivery conduits thereto, is shown, in kwhich a plurality of discharge orifices is used in manner similar to the'use of the nozzle shown in Fig. 1. However, neither of these orifices is adjustable while the burner is in operation, although both may be adjusted prior to use. There is no occasion for the inner gas conduit to be movable, hence the gas conduits are rigidly connected to a common source of supply of gas. Independent control valves for the gas delivery conduits are provided similar to those shown in Fig. 1 and for the same purpose. In this set of drawings 50 represents generally the burner head held in a spider with ribs 5| in an annular member 52 attached to tuyre D which is integral of the air register assembly proper. E is the damper to the primary air passageway which said damper is slidably attached to the outer gas conduit pipe 53 to the burner. F is a bar slidably affixed in the annular spider member 52 and permanently affixed to the damper G. Pipe 53 corresponds to pipe I0 and pipe 54 to pipe 20 while the T 55 corresponds to the T 23 connected all into the common line from which the' gas is derived, as shown in Fig. l. H and I represent valves or stops corresponding to those of 3| andA 22 respectively of Fig. l. 56 is an orifice corresponding to orifice 25, and 64 is an orifice like unto that at 34. Ducts 51 lead from pipe 53 to orifice 56, with 58 the burner tip for said orifice, said tip being threaded into the burner head body portion 50 with recess 60 pro vided to communicate between pipe 54 and a recess 6| in a burner tip 62 threaded into tip 53 and with radial ducts 63 leading from said recess 6| to an annular recess at the orifice 64. Spacer washer65 by its thickness regulates the size of the orice 56 and spacer washer 56 likewise regulates the size `of the orifice 64.

A further modification of a burner head and tuyre arrangement is shown in the group of Figs. 10 to 13, inclusive. I'he burner head is shown mounted and positioned in a tuyre the same as with the head in Figs. 1 and 6, with the same spider arrangement to hold it in place. The burner head also has a nozzle with two annular discharge orifices but in this arrangement the gas passing through the outer pipe 10 is conducted to the annular discharge orifice 1 I through ducts 12 in the body portion 13 of the head and an annular recess 82 at said orifice, whereas the gas'passing through the inner pipe 14 is conducted to the annular series of dischargevents or jets 15 which perforate a ring 15 offset in its inner perimeter to form an annular recess 11 when the ring 15 is in position on the body portion 13 of the burner head. The recess 11 communicates with the pipe 14 thru ducts 18 in the body portion of the head and thru the recess 19 found in the head and into which the pipe 14 is threaded. The ring 15 is held on the head 13 by means of a shoulder on the head and a packing follower 80 threaded thereon with a packing ring 8| compressed between numbers 15 and 80. This annular series of jets 15 can not be adjusted but an entirely different ring 16 wherein the jets are placed and having a different number of jets or jets of a different size, or both, can be substituted. The orifice 1| can be adjusted by means of the threaded connection 88 of the burner tip 83 and spacer washer 54, the thickness of which would determine the width of the orifice 1|.

It willbe noted, however,

that the jets 15 are directed so that gas passing through the same will impinge on the wall 85 of the tuyre 35 and .that this wall 85 is made of a refractory material to facilitate combustion of a part of the gas and air in the tuyre 06. Such an arrangement is highly f beneficial to furtherv the combustion which takes place in the combustion chamber. In Fig. 11 this refractory material is shown as an insert 01 in the tuyre 86.

Turning now to the arrangement of burner! gitudinal movement of the inner pipe 93 is without threads, and the pipe 93 is slidably mounted through an aperture in the body portion of thel burner head as at 94 and thru the packing 95 in a stuff-lng box 96 with packing gland 91, andl when in the desired position is locked by a set screw 93 in a lock ring 99 slidably mounted on said pipe 93 which resists the pressure on the burner head, n

which pressure causes the pipe 93 to tend to move forward. Furthermore, in Fig. 17 is shown a means for providing a forced draft through the primary air passageway |00, the same being a pipe |0I through which air may be forced, and which surrounds the gas supply pipes 93 and |02 at the burner, but through which the gas pipes 93 and. |02 pass outside of the conduit at a bend or L therein as shown, with set screw |03. The construction of the spider with ribs |04 holding the nozzle in the tuyre |00 is also somewhat different but not sufficiently so to necessitate an explanation.

In Fig. l5 is shown a preferred form of mixing block assembly for a single burner in which ||0 represents the secondary air passageway similar to 3 of Fig. l, and |I| four auxiliary air passage- .ways formed by the included angles of the outer square andthe alternate sides of the octagonally shaped exterior of the conduit forming the secondary passageway |I0. It will be noted that in Fig. 15D the form taken by the tuyre I0 is that of an inverted Venturi tube. v

Fig. 16 shows a nest of tuyre blocks or a mixing block assembly adapted to use with a number of gas burners, as is often to be preferred. In this form the openings H2 constitute the secondary air passageway, being the equivalent of IIO, and I3 the auxiliary air passage ways the same being the equivalent of I.

In operation, the volume of gas passed to each of the delivery orifices of the burner may be reg ulated, through valves 22 and 3| .of Fig. 1, or H and I of Fig. '7 independently of the other; the size of one of the delivery orifices of the burner may be regulated, through manipulation of the pipe 20 Y of Fig. l, or the pipe 93 of Fig. 17, independently of the other; and the volume of air and its point of delivery with reference to the burner nozzle and with reference to the combustion chamber and its v mixing chamber, yif any, or with reference to the kiln when the burner is employed in a kiln, may be regulated through the various tuyres and with the various dampers thereto as shown in the drawings, independently of the other tuyres and dampers thereto; all of, which makes said gas burning apparatus extremely susceptible to a wide range of control of the combustion. This is of particular advantage in the operation of kilns in which clay wares are burned, for as is well known,

an extreme range of temperatures is not only necessary but also a high range in the completeness or incompleteness of the combustion of the gas and air is very much to be desired and of extreme importance. The regulation of the ow of the gas from the plurality of delivery orifices and the manipulation of the dampers for the tuyres permit not only of a high degree of perfection in complete combustion but permit also of regulating the burners so as to obtain the desired incomplete combustion during the clay burning process, as is well known in the art of ceramics. In as `much as the various tuyres shown' make delivery of the air atdiiferent points with reference to the burner and mixing chamber and combustion chamber,

the mixture of the air and gas is still further conified form of Venturi tube is also to be desired as an aid to more perfect combustion.

The form of the mixing block assembly as shown in Fig. 15 makes for eiciency in combustion, and the nesting of mixing block assembly in form as shown in Fig. 16 where a plurality of burners is desired, as is frequently the case, not

only permits of a maximum volume of air to be passed through the tuyres for any given cross sectional area thereof, but also conserves the space and facilitates the regulation of the burners.

The bars whichare mounted on the mixing block assembly and which support the burner apparatus in a slidable and removable manner, permit the burner to be removed for use at another furnace or kiln when desired, as is readily apparent from the drawings, and the burner apparatus may, when desired, be pulled away from the mixing block assembly and a refractory shield as shown at 9 of Fig. 2, interposed between the burner and the furnace heat, preserving the burner apparatus against unnecessary deterioration caused by the heat and also permitting the opening to be tightly sealed if desired. The two outer sets of dampers being capable of independent regulation and also being in form adapted to be locked together as one damper, also facilitates the control of the combustion.

Further matters of operation-need not be set forth because to do so would require an elaboraion of the science of ceramics, which is an extremely technical matter, and those skilled in that art have a knowledge of combustion and of burner operation such as will enable them to understand the operation of the burners disclosed, without further explanation.

Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a gas burner wherein two concentrically positioned gas conduits, one located within the other, are employed to conduct gas to a plurality of discharge orices in said burner and wherein one oi said discharge orifices is opened and closed and otherwise regulated by moving said inner conduit in a direction longitudinal of said outer conduit, an outer conduit as aforesaid, an aperture therein adapted to be connected with the source of supply of said gas, an inner conduit as aforesaid and with said inner conduit passed thru the stufllng box hereinafter mentioned, a stumng box as aforesaid positioned on said outer conduit and adapted to receive and pack off said inner conduit from said outer conduit, a packing chamber in said stuiiing box and adapted to receive and retain two packing elements disposed one on either side of a spacer cage interposed between them, packing elements as aforesaid, a spacer cage as aforesaid, a port in said packing chamber positioned and adapted to be connected with the source of supply of said gas and to communicate with an aperture in said spacer cage, an aperture in said spacer cage aforesaid positioned and .adapted to communicate with an aperture in said inner conduit, an aperture in said inner conduit as aforesaid positioned and adapted to communicate with the aperture in said spacer cage, and means of compressing said packing supporting said 'outer damper, gas delivering means supported by said air register assembly at the center thereof, a passageway in said air register assembly thru which air is free to flow to said gas delivering means, a mixing block assembly with passageways corresponding to those in said air register assembly, and means carried by said mixing block assembly for removably supporting said air register assembly.

. 3. In a gas burning apparatus for generating heat, the combination of a gas nozzle, a mixing block assembly, an air and gas mixing chamber therein into which said gas nozzle is directed, a secondary air duct in said mixing block assembly leading into said mixing chamber, an auxiliary air duct in said mixing block assembly, an air register assembly adapted to be positioned at the face of said mixing block assembly and with said air register assembly having therein a primary air duct positioned immediately about said nozzle and directed into said mixing chamber, a damper for said primary air passageway, and with said air register assembly also having therein a secondary air passageway and communicating with the secondary air duct aforesaid, a damper for said secondary air passageway, and with said air register assembly also having therein an auxiliary air passageway further removed from the axis of said nozzle than is the aforesaid secondary air passageway and communicating with the auxiliary air duct aforesaid, a damper for said auxiliary air passageway, and means for interlocking the damper of the secondary air passageway with the damper of the auxiliary air passageway.

HAROLD D. SCHRADER.

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