US2054510A - Percussion fuse for projectiles, bombs and the like - Google Patents

Percussion fuse for projectiles, bombs and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US2054510A
US2054510A US745808A US74580834A US2054510A US 2054510 A US2054510 A US 2054510A US 745808 A US745808 A US 745808A US 74580834 A US74580834 A US 74580834A US 2054510 A US2054510 A US 2054510A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuse
striker
fuse body
percussion
head
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Expired - Lifetime
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US745808A
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English (en)
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Remondy Leon Emile
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze

Definitions

  • percussion fuses whether intended for projectiles which are to be shot from a gun or for bombs carried by an aircraft, have to satisfy a multiplicity of conditions which it has been practically impossible to reconcile with each other heretofore.
  • fuses intended for projectiles to be shot from a gun are required to possess extreme sensitivity, that is to say, the possibility of operation even on encountering an obstacle of very slight resistance, such as an aircraft fabric for example.
  • the present invention relates to an extremely simple and inexpensive percusssion fuse which satises the desiderata enumerated in the foregoing.
  • the operation of the firing mechanism is absolutely entirely the result either of the driving in of the front member of the mechanism or of the inertia of the rear member, or simultaneously of both these phenomena
  • the new fuse is constructed on an entirely new principle which consists in utilizing the relative inertias of the elements of the front member of the firing mechanism, which inertias come into operation after the obstacle is encountered, the said front member being constructed or designed in such a manner as to be able to dissociate under the effect of the said different inertias of its elements.
  • the dissociable front element of the ring mechanism may be given various forms of construction.
  • Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings show in sectional elevation the front part of a fuse body of any known type provided with a mechanism according to the invention, before and after the operation of the mechanism, respectively.
  • Figure 3 shows in part sectional elevation the front portion of a fuse body provided with another form of construction of the invention.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are sectional elevations of still another embodiment of the invention, Figure 5 showing the position which the striker may assume in case of a premature driving in thereof.
  • Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of a further modification of the invention.
  • Figure '7 shows a modification of the device illustrated in Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a partially sectional elevation illus ⁇ tratng the application of the invention to a fuse in which the intermediate firing percussion cap is omitted.
  • Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of another form of the invention in which the dissociable member of the fuse mechanism is the percussion cap carrier.
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of the retaining washer of the mechanism of Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is a sectional elevation of still another form of the invention illustrating its application to a bomb.
  • Figure 12 is a similar View illustrating the application of a centrifugally actuated safety device to one form of the present invention.
  • a denotes a fuse body of known construction in which are mounted a rear firing member, preferably the percussion cap b, which in this particular case is fixed in its lodgment, and a front member, preferably the striker, the whole of which is denoted by c.
  • the said striker is constituted in the manner known per se simply by a stem carrying the rearwardly extending percussion needle point c1 and having on its forward end an enlarged head c2 the latter being disposed and held at a suitable distance e from a supporting shoulder a1 provided on the fuse body a, the retention in this position being normally assured, likewise in known manner, for example by a frangible or shearable pin d.
  • the striker thus held at the distance e is so designed that the masses forwardly, rearwardly and in the region of the retaining member d are so chosen that, under the effect of itsV inertia, all the part of the striker situated A,practically ⁇ below .the horizontal (as viewed'in Figure l) axial planeof; the pin becomes detached from the front part carrying the head c2 after the latter, under the action of the obstacle encountered, comes to bear on the shoulder a1, this result being possible, however, v.onlyiifthe projectile possesses a suitable velocity at the ymoment of impact and if it can retain-.a veryconsiderable proportion of such velocity after encountering the obstacle.
  • the suitable distribution of the masses in the striker as a whole may be obtained in various ways.
  • the said striker is constituted by a single body, the masses of which are suitably distributed rWith a View to dissociationA into two elements situated respectively above and below the region of the retaining member, the said striker is constituted by two distinct elements normally secured together but separable upon impact.
  • the front :element carrying the head c2 is in this case xed to thelfuse body a by the pin d which also serves to retain the whole of the striker in inoperative position, while the rear element c1 which carries the needlepoint istted in a cavity of the stem c f and is normally secured to the said stem by a frangi-ble or shearable member such as the pin g, any forward displacement of cl relatively to c2 being prevented for example by a supporting col- Alar c3iformed Ion the element c1.
  • a distance e is left between the head c2 zand a shoulder a1 of :the fuse body.
  • Figure 4 shows a Variation of the constructional form of Figure 3, in which the two distinct ele- .ments, needle point carrier c1 and'head carrier c2 are assembled together bythe same frangible or shearable member d which normally retains the "whole of the striker fixed with respect to the fuse body a.
  • the percussion cap carrier as shown in Figure 4, is disposed in a recess a2 of the fuse body where,"instead ofbeing fixed, the said percussion cap carrier is yieldngly urged against the front part of the said recess by means of a resilient member h, such as a spring, a cylinder of' felt or cork, and so forth.
  • Figure 5 shows the percussion cap carrier of Figure 4 driven towards the bottom of its recess and the support h compressed. The figure shows the position which the striker may assume in the case of premature rupture of the pin d.
  • the striker is constituted by two elements: a head-carrying front element c2 and a needle-point-carrying rear element c1, connected together by means of a shearable assembling pin y, the whole of the two elements being normally secured to the fuse body a by the usual pin d.
  • the rear element c1 is not prevented from moving forward.
  • the dissociation between the said elements c1 and c2 is brought about upon impact, under the effect of the inertia of the element c1 which moves forward, shearing the pin y.
  • the dissociable striker comprises a head-carrying element cZ and a needle point-carrying element c1 connected together by means of the shearable retaining pin d, which passes through the element c1 and at the same time through the tail-piece i1 of a plunger i, the head of which bears by means of a shoulder against the base of the head-carrying element c2.
  • a clearance j is left between the said head z' and the front end of the hollow stem of the element c2.
  • the plunger i moves forward relatively to the striker assembly, shearing the pin ⁇ d and thereby effecting the dissociation of the elements c1 and c2.
  • the distance e between the head c2 of the dissociable striker and the shoulder a1 of the fuse body was necessarily less than the distance f separating the needle point c1 from'the percussion cap b. It should be noted that the said distance f may be made large enough to delay in a suitable manner the meeting of the striker and the percussion cap. It is thus possible to delay the operation without employing a delay-action composition, solely on account of the interval left between the two elements of the mechanism.
  • Figure 9 shows in sectional elevation such a constructional example.
  • the front head carrier c2 is made in the form of a socket in the interior of which is disposed a percussion cap c1 constituting the rear element of the dissociable unit member c2--c1.
  • the unit c2-p-c1 may be normally retained in a fixed position with respect to the fuse body a, for example, by means of a washer d having projecting pieces, such as that shown in Figure 10, which is pierced by a central hole d1 and is fixed securely in the fusebody by the projecting pieces d2.
  • the masses c1 and c2 will be suitably chosen to ensure operation in the same manner as in the constructional examples described hereinbefore.
  • the washer On impact, the washer is sheared from its projecting pieces d2 and the two elements c1 and c2 are forced rearwardly together until the head c2 strikes shoulder a1 and is suddenly arrestedin its rearward movement. 'I'he inertia of c1 during the continuation of the movement of the projectile will delay the forward movement of the percussion cap which will thereupon be struck by the fixed striker b which continues its movement with the projectile.
  • Figure 11 shows in sectional elevation an exretained on the fuse body, for example, by means of a stud m1 engaged in a slot a3.
  • the cap likewise in known manner and as shown in Figure 11, may be retained in the position of this gure by a collar 11, adapted to be withdrawn upon the bomb being dropped, and which if desired may constitute one of the suspension members of the bomb.
  • Figure 12 shows in sectional elevation the use of the device of a dissociable front member similar to that shown in Figure 4 in combination with a safety device o, adapted to be withdrawn under the effect of the centrifugal force, of any known type and disposed at a suitable point, for example at the rear of the dissociable member c'L-c1 of the mechanism.
  • the safety device is constituted by a spring bolt, the nose of which remains in the path oi the member c2-c1 as long as the effects of the centrifugal force have not made themselves felt suiciently to ensure the complete withdrawal of the said nose.
  • a projectile provided with any one of the forms of construction which have just been described is, as indicated in the foregoing, ensured against any premature operation during its travel in the interior of the gun barrel. It has been shown in the foregoing that the mechanism of the fuse operates, upon encountering an obstacle, so long as the nature of the obstacle is such that the projectile may continue its movement with a suffcient velocity during a suitable time for effecting the dissociation between the elements of the dissociable front member.
  • a front fuse member comprising at least two separable elements normally united together, means normally securing all of the elements of said frontmember 4in fixed positions relative to the fuse body but rupturable upon impact so as to permit said elements to movefrearwardly with respect to said body, means for Ylimiting the extent of rearward movement of the frontmost element of said front member, and means normally uniting said elements 'but rupturable after impact Vso as to separate the rearmost element from the frontmost element, the mass of said rearmost element being such'that Yafter separation ,from the frontmost element and engagementof the latter with said limiting means, and during continued forward movement of the fuse body, the inertia of said rearmost element is sufcient to bring it vinto Apercussion contact with ⁇ therear member of Athe fuse mechanism.
  • AV fuse mechanism according to claim 1 wherein the rear fuse member is disposed at ysuch a VdistanceV from the front member Vthat VVpercussion contact between the rearmost element of the front member and the rear member is delayed for aV suitable length of time after dissociation :ofthe front'member into its separate elements,
  • a fuse mechanism' according to claim 1 including means for positively preventing rearward movement of the :front fuse member, when the fuse mechanism is used with a projectile, until after the projectile is in night, said means being then withdrawn :into inoperative position under the influence of centrifugal force.
  • a percussionV fuse mechanism the combination with a fuse -body of a rear Yfuse member comprising a'percussion capxed with respect to said body, a front fuse member having a Ybody portion slidably mounted in the fuse body and a percussion cap striker on the rear end thereof, means normally securing said front member to said fuse body Vbut rupturable upon impact so as -to permit said member to move rearwardly with respect to said body, and means for limiting the extent of ⁇ said rearward movement of said front member, the body portion of said front member being weakened at lone point in its length and the masses of said member forward and rearward of said weakened point being such that, upon engagement of said member with said limiting means, the rear striker-carrying portion thereof is detached from the front portion under the effect of its inertia and, during continued forward travel of the fuse body, is brought into firing contact with the percussion cap.
  • a percussion fuse mechanism the combination with a fuse body of a rear fuse member comprising a percussion cap xed with respect t0 said body, a front fuse Vmember having a body portion slidably mounted in the fuse body, an enlarged head on theV forward end thereof .and a percussion cap striker on the rear end thereof, a
  • frangible pin passing through said body portion and anchored at its ends in said fuse body, said pin normally securing said front member to said fuse body but rupturable upon impact so as to permit said member to move rearwardly with respect to said fuse body, and a shoulder fixed with respect to said fuse vbody for limiting the extent 0f rearward movement of said head-carrying portion of rsaid front member by engagement therewith, the body portion of said front member being weakened in the region of said pin and the masses of said member forward and rearward of said weakened point being such that, upon engagement of said head with said shoulder, the rear striker-carrying portion of said member is detached from the head-carrying portion under the effect of its inertia and, during continued forward travel of the fuse body, is brought into firing contact with the percussion cap.
  • a percussion fuse mechanism the combination with a fuse body of a percussion cap fixedly mounted in said body, a striker member slidably mounted in said fuse body forward of said percussion cap, said striker member including a front element adapted to receive the impact ,and a rear element carrying a striker point, means normally securing said striker member to said Yfuse body but rupturable upon impact so as to permit said member to move rearwardly with respect to said fuse body, means normally securing said front and rear elements of said member together but rupturable upon rearward movement of said front element, and means for limiting the extent of rearward movement of said front element, the mass of said rear element being such that after rupture of said last mentioned securing means and engagement of said front element with said limiting means, and during continued forward travel of the fuse body, the inertia of said rear element is suicient to bring its striker point'into firing contact with said percussion cap.
  • a percussion fuse mechanism the combination with a fuse body of a rear fuse member fixed with respect to said body, a front fuse member comprising a front element and a rear element, said front element carrying an enlarged head extending beyond the fuse body and adapted ⁇ to receive the impact, a shearable member normally securing said front element to said fuse body but rupturable upon impact so as to permit rearward movement of said element relative to said fuse body, a second shearable member normally securing said rear element to said front element, and a shoulder formed on said fuse body for limiting the extent of rearward movement of' said front element by engagement with said head, the mass of said rear element being such that after impact and upon engagement of said shoulder with said head said second shearable member is ruptured so as to separate the rear element from said front element, continued forward travel of the fuse body then bringing the rear element into percussion Contact with the rear member of theV fuse mechanism.
  • a percussion fuse mechanism the combination with .a fuse body of a percussion cap fixedly mounted in said body, a striker member slidably mounted in said fuse body forward of said percussion cap, said striker member including a front element carrying an enlarged head extending-beyond the fuse body and adapted to receive the impact and a rear element carrying a striker point, a shearable member normally securing said front element to said fuse body but rupturable upon impact so as to permit said element to move rearwardly with respect to said fuse body, a second shearable member normally securing said rear element to said front element, means for preventing forward movement of said rear element relatively to said front element, and a shoulder carried by said fuse body for limiting the extent of rearward movement of said front element by engagement with said head, the mass of said rear element being such that upon engagement of said head with said shoulder the inertia of said element ruptures said second shearable means so as to disconnect said elements from one another and, during continued forward travel of the fuse body, brings its
  • a striker member comprising a front element and a rear element slidably mounted in said fuse body forward of. said percussion cap, said front element carrying an enlarged head extending beyond the fuse body and adapted to receive the impact, said rear element being mounted within said front element for movement rearwardly but not forwardly relative thereto and carrying a striker point, a shearable pin normally securing said front element to said fuse body but rupturable upon impact so as to permit rearward movement of said element relative to said fuse body, a second shearable pin normally securing said rear element to said front element, and a shoulder formed on said fuse body for limiting the extent yof rearward movement of said front element by engagement with said head, the mass of said rear element being such that after impact and upon engagement of said shoulder with said head said second shearable pin is ruptured so as to separate the rear element from said front element, continued forward travel of the fuse body then bringing the strike
  • a percussion fuse mechanism the combination with a fuse body of a percussion cap fixedly mounted in said body, a striker member slidably mounted in said fuse body forward of said percussion cap, said striker member including a front element carrying an enlarged head extending beyond the fuse body and adapted to receive the impact and a rear element carrying a strikerpoint, a shearable pin passing through both said front and rear .elements and anchored at its ends in said fuse body, said pin normally securing said elements together and to said fuse body, the connection between said elements and the fuse body being rupturable upon impact so as to permit said elements to move rearwardly with respect to said fuse body, means for preventing forward movement of said rear element relatively to said front element, and a shoulder carried by said fuse body for limiting the extent of rearward movement of.
  • said front element by engagement with said head, the mass of said rear element being such that upon engagement of said head with said shoulder the inertia of said element ruptures the connection between said elements so as to disconnect them one from the other and, during continued forward travel of the fuse body, brings its striker point into firing contact with said percussion cap.
  • a front fuse member comprising a front and a rear element normally united together, said front element having an enlarged head thereon, means normally securing said front member to the fuse body but rupturable upon impact so as to permit said member to move rearwardly with respect to said fuse body, a shoulder carried by said fuse body for limiting the extent of rearward movement of the front element o-f said front member by engagement with said head, a crushable impact receiving member projecting forwardly from said enlarged head and extending beyond the end of said fuse body a distance greater than the normal distance between said head and said shoulder, and means normally securing said front and rear elements together but rupturable after impact so as to separate the same, the mass of said rear element being such that after separation from said front element and engagement of said head with said shoulder, and during continued forward travel of the fuse body until said impact receiving member is crushed to the level of the front end of the fuse body, the inertia
  • a percussion fuse mechanism for a projectile or the like the combination with a fuse body of a fixed rear fuse member, a front fuse member comprising a plurality of separable elements normally securely connected to 4one another, a retaining member normally rendering said front fuse member immovable relatively to "the-tine; body; Vsaid retainineY member beinesoVV t (lied, ,and arranged vthat upon; impact angobstaele of insumcient resistanceV to 'alfrest'thg glfli?l of the projectile the connection between said front fuse member and the fuse body inqkerinralld said fuseV member moves rearwardly relatively to the fuse body under the force oi impact, and means for limiting the rearward,
  • movement o f one of the elements of said front 10i fils@ moembei.' at, least one otherA of said elements being unlimited in its movementby said last named. means;Y the normali connection between Said; elements; of; the front fuse j member being such that ⁇ afterimpaet and upon engagement. of;
  • one of said element-s,V withv the. limiting means Saidy connection is ruptureddue tothe inertial of thejurllmvetted element and the latter is free to mQverearwardIy into; percussion contanti. with. the rearfuse; member during continued forward travel of. theiproiectile.:

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US745808A 1933-10-09 1934-09-27 Percussion fuse for projectiles, bombs and the like Expired - Lifetime US2054510A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR776238T 1933-10-09

Publications (1)

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US2054510A true US2054510A (en) 1936-09-15

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US745808A Expired - Lifetime US2054510A (en) 1933-10-09 1934-09-27 Percussion fuse for projectiles, bombs and the like

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US (1) US2054510A (ja)
BE (1) BE404852A (ja)
CH (1) CH181279A (ja)
DE (1) DE641452C (ja)
FR (1) FR776238A (ja)
GB (1) GB429724A (ja)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938463A (en) * 1957-02-26 1960-05-31 Hotchkiss Brandt Soc Percussion fuze
US2995373A (en) * 1960-03-22 1961-08-08 Jack R Cox Hypodermic projectile
US3066940A (en) * 1960-01-22 1962-12-04 Lonais Melvin D De Fluid injecting game hunter's arrow
US3135206A (en) * 1956-09-21 1964-06-02 Bofors Ab Fuze for projectiles
US3351018A (en) * 1964-03-26 1967-11-07 Diehl Percussion fuze
US4237788A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-12-09 Ares, Inc. Explosive fuse for ballistic projectile
US4242964A (en) * 1978-12-18 1981-01-06 Ares, Inc. Explosive fuse for projectile
CN113551569A (zh) * 2021-07-15 2021-10-26 南京理工大学 一种适用于低发射过载环境的弹载双自由度针刺点火机构

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL95850C (ja) * 1952-12-30

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3135206A (en) * 1956-09-21 1964-06-02 Bofors Ab Fuze for projectiles
US2938463A (en) * 1957-02-26 1960-05-31 Hotchkiss Brandt Soc Percussion fuze
US3066940A (en) * 1960-01-22 1962-12-04 Lonais Melvin D De Fluid injecting game hunter's arrow
US2995373A (en) * 1960-03-22 1961-08-08 Jack R Cox Hypodermic projectile
US3351018A (en) * 1964-03-26 1967-11-07 Diehl Percussion fuze
US4237788A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-12-09 Ares, Inc. Explosive fuse for ballistic projectile
US4242964A (en) * 1978-12-18 1981-01-06 Ares, Inc. Explosive fuse for projectile
CN113551569A (zh) * 2021-07-15 2021-10-26 南京理工大学 一种适用于低发射过载环境的弹载双自由度针刺点火机构

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Publication number Publication date
FR776238A (fr) 1935-01-21
BE404852A (ja)
CH181279A (fr) 1935-12-15
DE641452C (de) 1937-02-01
GB429724A (en) 1935-06-05

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