US2050260A - Dyeing process - Google Patents

Description

W. C. BLACK DYEING PROCESS Aug. 11, 1936.

INVENTOR. W/LA/fl/V CTBLAC'K Filed April 50, 1935 ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 11, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 'DYEING raocnss William C Black, Denver, Colo. Application April 30, 1935, Serial No. 19,015 a 8 Claims.

My invention relates to a novel dyeing process and to a composition of matter eifective in performing the process, and it is an object of the invention to provide a novel method of applying dyes to thin sheets of porous material on which patterns and designs in fast colors can be pro duced simultaneously on opposite sides of the same.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of a method of dyeing involving the use of materials which are non-poisonous, and which have no deleterious effects on individuals coming in contact with the same.

A further object of the invention resides in a novel step of impregnating the material to be dyed with one or more dyes-in such 'a manner that the dye is almost imperceptible on the surface of the material after it has been so applied.

Still another object of the invention is the provision of-a dye which can be applied to unsized paper by a novel method of application without producing a sizing action on the paper.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a novel dyeing method which is simple,

economical and of wide application, and which permits the use of practicallyevery tint and shade of the color spectrum.

Various methods of printing pictures with invisible colors which are subsequently developed are now known in the art, and generally consist in the use of carrying vehicles containing an insoluble pigment in addition to the coloring matter, and are applied to the surface of a sheet of paper, producing a pictorial design in black and white. Subsequent addition of water to the surface of the paper brings out the various colors as applied in the vehicle.

In the foregoing methods, the original design is not invisible, and only the latent color eifects are intially invisible. Furthermore this method produces only a surface coloring'and the various dyes do not penetrate through the body of the paper or other material to which they are applied.

My invention involves an initial step of impregnation, in which the various dyes are caused to penetrate into the interstices of the material where they remain undissolved in a finely-divided, dispersed and almost imperceptible condition.

The second step involves entering the dyes into solution whereby the natural colors are brought out which permeate the entire body of material in which they are contained.

In performing my invention, -I employ any of the group of coal tar or natural dyes which are soluble in water, and which can be prepared in dry, powdered form. The dye is next introduced into a liquid or-semi-liquid volatile hydrocarbon in which the dye is insoluble. While I do not wish 5 to be limited to the use of specific compositions, carbon tetra-chloride, carbon disulphide and xylene (xylol) have proved particularly eflicacious.

The finely-divided dye particles are mainl0 tained in suspension in a dispersed conditionin the volatile hydrocarbon and where it is'necessaryt to prevent theparticles from settling, agitation may be employed, v

The dye in liquid is next applied to a porous l5 material, such as unsized paper, felted or meshed fabric, by spraying with or without the use of stencils, by means of relief or intaglio plates, or by stamps of rubber, metal, etc., or the dye in its carrying vehicle may be applied by brush or the like.

The carrying vehicle readily penetrates into the interstices of the material and the dispersed particles arethus distributed in a uniform manner throughout the material. The hydrocarbon vehicle, being volatile, evaporates rapidly leaving the dry, undissolved particles in the material.

The dyes in undissolved form are of dull, lusterless appearance with their true colors only faintly visible. Being distributed throughout the material in a dispersed condition, the superficial surface of the dye which is visible is so small as to be practically imperceptible.

The next step involves the application of water which may be directed against either or both sides of the material. Brushing, spraying with an atomizer or by means of a jet of steam, dipping or any other convenient method of wetting may be resorted to, whereupon the dye goes into solution and permeates the entire surface of the material in which it is held.

When the material is dried, the true colors of the dye remain, distributed'throughout the material in the pattern in which the particles were applied.

To promote a better understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawing, in the several views of which like parts have been similarly designated, and in which Figures 1 to 4 inclusive illustrate the invention applied to a child's painting game,

- Figures 5 to 8 inclusive illustrate the stencils used in preparing the design illustrated in Figures 3 and. 4, r

Figures 9 to 11 inclusive illustrate the application of the process in the production of textile designs,

Figure 12 illustrates the suspension and dispersion of the dye in its carrying vehicle, and

Figure 13 is a sectional view of a fragment of porous material illustrating the manner in which the dye particles penetrate the interstices of the same.

In Figures 1 to 4' inclusive, of the drawing, the reference numeral l4 indicates a sheet of unsized paper, and the reference numerallda designates the front side of the paper, while the back side is designated Mb.

Figure 1 represents the paper l4 after a design, involving the use of a plurality of dyes, has been applied. The volatile carrying vehicle at this stage is evaporated, and the dye particles 15 are faintly perceptible on the front side of the paper.

The back side Mb of the paper at this stage of the treatment is colorless as indicated in Figure 2.

Either, or both sides Ma and Nb are next wetted with water by any convenient method of application, for example, by a brush, whereupon the dyes go into solution and permeate the material.

The paper is then dried, and the design remains in fast, natural colors, visible on both front and back sides of the paper M, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 respectively.

A pictorial representation l6 has been illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 lined to indicate color. The lining represents the hat I! in red, the body iii in gray, the legs IS in brown, the bill 20 and eyes 2| in yellow.

The stencil employed in producing the pictorial representation in Figures 3 and 4 consists of a section 22a which permits application of the gray dye representing the body [8, a section 221) permitting application of the brown dye for the legs IS, a section 220 permitting application of the red dye for the hat I1, and a section 22d for the application of the yellow dye for the bill 20 and eyes 2|.

It will be understood that any type of design may be used, and applied by any of the methods previously described, and the dyes may be blended into various tints, shades and combinations by applying one dye over another, if desired.

In Figures 9, 10 and 11 the application of the process to textile dyeing has been illustrated, Figure 9 representing a sheet of textile fabric 23 with the dry dye-powder l5 dispersed through the interstices of the material, while Figures 10 and 11 represent respectively the forward and reverse sides 23a and 23b of the material after wetting and drying.

It will be observed that the pattern is brought out on both sides of the material, the petals 24 being shown in blue while the pistil portion 25 is shown in yellow.

The invention as illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 inclusive is well adapted for magic painting for small children. The paper can be prepared in the manner indicated in Figures 1 and 2 and bound in books. If the side Mb is uppermost in the book the child sees no design on the surface of the paper. He is then instructed to wet the surface of the paper with a paint brush dipped in fresh water, and as the surface of the paper is wetted, the design develops in the natural colors of the dye. The hydrocarbon-carrying vehicles do not have a sizing action on the paper, consequently after drying, the surface of the paper is unchanged except for the presence of the design.

In applying the dye particles to textile fabrics in the manner indicated in Figures 9, 10 and 11, the intensity of the final color can be controlled by varying the amount of dye particles employed in impregnating any given surface. Thus, if an intense color is desired, more particles are introduced into a piece of material of given size than is required where a color of less intensity is to be produced.

Since the process permits the use of most of the known natural and coal tar dyes, the variety of colors 'which may be utilized is unlimited, and various blends and shades may be produced by mixing two or more dyes in the material prior to wetting.

This method of textile dyeing possesses an advantage over present practice in that a throughand-through dyeing is attained in which the pattern on both sides of the material is uniform in color and design. There is practically no limits to the types of designs which can be so applied to textile fabrics, and the simplicity and economy of the operation involved make it readily adaptable to any use.

While the invention has been illustrated in connection with magic painting games for children, and textile dyeing, it is to be understood that it is susceptible of many other applications, and in fact, may be utilized wherever coloring porous or semi-porous materials are required.

Figure 12 of the drawing illustrates the manner in which the particles are suspended in a dispersed condition in the volatile carryingvehicle. The fine, solid particles, when maintained in this suspended state, will readily enter the interstices of porous material, and remain in place therein after evaporation of the carrying vehicle.

In this connection, it should be understood that while a volatile vehicle is preferable because of the rapid evaporation which is attained following impregnation of the material with the dye, a non-volatile carrying vehicle may be em ployed, and an induced evaporation may be employed, following impregnation.

Figure 13 illustrates the manner in which the dye particles are distributed throughout a porous material after it has been subjected to impregnation as hereinbefore explained.

Since any dye which is water-soluble and insoluble in any one of the liquids or semi-liquids used as the carrying-vehicle, and which can be prepared as a fine powder is adapted for use in the process, it is unnecessary to use any dye r possessing noxious properties, or which has any injurious effect on persons contacting the same, as there are sufiicient natural and coal tar dyes which are non-injurious to produce any desired color.

Changes and modifications may be availed of within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the hereunto appended claims.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A method of dyeing porous material comprising impregnating a sheet of porous material with particles of a water soluble dye dispersed in a liquid carrier which may be evaporated from said particles and in which the dye particles are insoluble, evaporating the carrier from the impregnated sheet, and wetting the impregnated sheet with a solvent medium for the dye particles to cause the dye particles to go into solution.

. of different colors, each dyeing medium contain- 2. A method of dyeing porous paper comprising impregnating a sheet thereof with particles of a water soluble dye dispersed in a liquid carrier which may be evaporated from said particles and in which the dye particles are insoluble, evaporating the carrier from the impregnated paper, and wetting the impregnated paper with a solvent medium for the dye particles to cause the dye particles carried by the pores of the paper to go into solution.

3. A method of dyeing porous material comprising impregnating difierent portions of a pattern carried by said material with dyeing mediums of different colors, each dyeing medium containing a water soluble dye dispersed in a liquid carrier which may be evaporated therefrom, and in which the dye particles are insoluble; evaporating the liquid carriers from the porous sheet, and wetting the so impregnated porous sheet with a solvent medium for the dye particles.

4. A method of dyeing porous material comprising covering the material with a stencil, impregnating different portions of the material defined by the stencil pattern with dyeing mediums ing a water soluble dye dispersed in a liquid carrier which may be evaporated therefrom and in which the dye particles are insoluble, evaporating the liquid carriers from the porous sheet, and wetting the so impregnated porous sheet with a solvent medium to cause the dye particles to go into solution.

5. A method of dyeing porous material comprising impregnating a sheet of porous material with particles of water soluble dye dispersed in a volatile liquid carrier selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, the dye particles being insoluble in said carrier, evaporating the carrier from the impregnating material, and wetting the impregnated material with a solvent medium for the dye particles to cause the dye particles to go into solution.

6. A method of dyeing porous material comprising impregnating difierent portions of a pattern carried by said material with dyeing mediums of different colors, each dyeing medium containing a water soluble dye dispersed in a volatile liquid carrier selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, said particles being insoluble in the carrier, evaporating the carriers from the porous sheet and wetting the so impregnated porous sheet with a solvent medium for the dye to cause the dye particles to go into solution.

7. A method of dyeing porous material comprising covering the material with a stencil, impregnating difierent portions of the material defined by the stencil pattern with dyeing mediums of different colors, each dyeing medium containing a water soluble dye dispersed in the volatile liquid carrier selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, said particles being insoluble in the carrier, evaporating the carriers from the porous sheet and wetting the so impregnated porous sheet with a solvent medium for the dye particles to cause the dye particles to go into solution. I

8. A method of dyeing porous material comprising impregnating a sheet of porous material with particles of a water soluble dye dispersed in a liquid carrier which may be evaporated from said particles and in which the dye particles are insoluble, evaporating the carrier from the impregnated material, and wetting the impregnated side of the material with a solvent medium to cause the dye particles to go into solution.

WILLIAM C. BLACK.

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