US2046455A

US2046455A - Household steam boiler

Info

Publication number: US2046455A
Application number: US34746A
Authority: US
Inventors: Oscar A Hellig
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1935-08-05
Filing date: 1935-08-05
Publication date: 1936-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 1953-07-07

Description

July 7, 1936. o. A. HELLIG HOUSEHOLD STEAM BOILER "2 sheets-sheet 1 Filed Aug. 5, 1935 INVENTOR; diaz/f f2' 56K/ wavy w, @www ATTORNEY.

July 7, 1936.

o.l A. HELLIG HOUSEHOLD STEAM BOILER Filed Aug. 5, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 efzezesf" INVENTOR,

Www/m ATTORNEY.

Patented July 7, 1936 PATENT GFFICE.

HOUSEHOLD STEAM BOILER Oscar `A. Hellig, Monson, Mass.

Application August 5,

6 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in household Vsteam boilers.

An object of my invention is to provide, in a steam boiler, means for producing rapidly, and almost instantaneously, the conversion of water into steam, immediately after the initial application of heat to the primary `heating surface.

Another object of my invention is to provide, in a steam boiler, means for producing dry or superheated steam in the steam space of the boiler in which it is generated, as will be fully described.

A further object of my invention is to provide, in a steam boiler, means for introducing and storing, within the boiler, feed'water for the primary steam-generating section, Aand means for preheating the feedwater before its introduction into the primary steam generating sec-l tion, or compartment. y

VA still further objectof my invention is to provide means for thoroughly absorbing and utilizing the heat from the hot gases and products of combustion, before entering the exhaust fiue, thereby providing a maximum of eciency for the boiler in proportion to the fuel consumed, and thereforeinsuring a very low final flue temperature; Y

These, and other objects and advantages of my invention, will be more completely disclosed and described in the following specification, the accompanying drawings,V and the appended claims.

Broadly, my invention comprises an inner casing divided into a primary steam-generating compartment and a feed water heating section, or compartment, means for maintaining a much smaller volume of water in the primary steamgenerating compartment, than that in the feed water heating compartment, Y a combustion chamber beneath the primary steam-generating compartment, a heat-resisting and insulating casing surrounding the innercasing and spaced therefrom, means for conveying'the heated gases of combustion from the combustion chamber through the water in the primary steam-generating compartment, thence through thewater in the feed water heating,` compartment, thence through the annular space between the inner casing and the heat-resistingand4 insulating casing to the exhaust flue, and an outer protective casing surrounding the heat-resisting. and insulating casing, with heat-insulating material within the outer casing. 1

A preferred embodiment of my invention is 1935, Serial No. 34,746

illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:-

Fig. 1 is a vertical, sectional view of the boiler.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal, cross sectional View taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal, cross sectional View taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a modification.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, in which like numerals refer to like parts throughoutz- Y An inner casing I, having a floor, base plate or sheet 2, and divided into compartments 3 and 4 by a vertical partition 5, is mounted upon a base member 6, which is divided into a combustion chamber l and flue chamber 8, by means of a partition 9. The top of the casing I is closed by a semi-spherical dome I0, which may be bolted thereto, as indicated at II, in Fig. 1. A steam main I2 and a nipple I3, for connection to a safety valve, (not shown), are connected to the top of the dome IU and communicate with the interior of the dome I0. Fire tubes I4, located on and secured to the base plate 2, at the bottomof the primary steam-generating compartment 3, and communicating with the combustion chamber l, extend upwardly through the compartment 3, and are looped at I5, in the form of semi-circles, within the dome I0 and extend downwardly through the compartment 4, through the base plate 2, thus providing passages for the gases and products of combustion from the combustion chamber '1, through the compartments 3 and li, into the flue chamber 8. A sectional casing I5, of suitable heat-resisting and insulating material, surrounds the casing I, base 6, and dome I0, and is spaced therefrom to provide an annular smoke passageway or flue I'I. The section lines of the material I6 are indicated at I 6'. Communication between the flue I1 and the i'lue chamber 8 is provided by means of a plurality of openings I8 in the wall of the chamber 8. An outer, protective casing I9 with a lling I6" of asbestos and having 85% magnesium, located therein, surrounds the heat-resisting and insulating casing I6, and has connected, at the top thereof, an exhaust flue 2B, which communicates with the annular ue I1, as indicated in Fig. 1. Water is supplied to the compartment 4 by means of an inlet pipe 2I, to which the returnfrom the steam system would also connect. As Water enters the compartment 4 from the pipe 2|, and fills the same, it will overow into the compartment 3, over the top of the partition 5. The water in the compartment 3 is maintained at a lower level than that in the compartment 4, as indicated at 22, in Fig. 1. A gauge glass 23 aids in controlling the level 22. It will be noted that a relatively small volume of water is maintained in the compartment 3 over the combustion chamber 1, in comparison with the volume of water in the compartment 4.

In operation, when combustion of fuel takes place in the chamber ll, the gases of combustion pass upwardly through the tubes I4 in the compartment 3, across, 'above the partition 5 in the loops l5, thence downwardly through the tubes I4, in the compartment ll into the flue chamber' 8, then through the openings linto the fannular flue H, then upwardly around the casing l in the annular flue Il, to the exhaust flue`2. Some of the small volume of lwater in the compartment 3 is quickly converted into steam by absorption of heat fromv the base plate 2 and the tubes I d. As this steam Apasses upwardly through the compartment 3, above the surface 22, it is dried, or superheated, by continued contact with the hot tubes ill. As the hot Agases continue downwardly in lthe pipes, or tubesY lf3, through thefcompartment 4, heat is absorbed by the waterfin the compartment 5, thus reducing the amount of heat required to convert this Water into steam, when it overflows into the compartment 3, also, some steam will be generated in compartment 4. More heat is absorbed by the water in both compartments 3 and Il, through the casing il, as the hot gases pass around andi l superheated, -by the tubes M, before it reaches the steam ymain I2. e V

The joint betweenthe base plate 2 and par- Y tition 9 is Yclosed by meansl of the depending portion f2 and cup-shaped -portion V9', which is then ,sealed with al suitable cement. The same construction is shown ,aty I0 and Yl l.

The refractoryand insulating material i6, bein g spaceda distance from the boiler to provide the ue il, serves, a four-fold purpose; first, an air-tight'casing around and `over the entire boiler proper; second, it vwill absorb Iand store some of the heat from the hot gases as theyY passy around and upward in the annular -flue I1; third, itprovidesa means of actually insulating the boiler substantially 10,0% against heat radiation loss, because of thefact that the lgas temperature is very much .greater than the temperature of any part of theboiler and its `contents, which it surrounds, and, are in contact with theA boiler; fourth, the material I. will prolong the steaming period of the boiler by giving on" the heat that Ais stored therein, when the volume of combustion is decreased, .or entirely diminished, asin the modernpautomatic fuel oil type burner. f

The partition 5 serves materially as a strengthening stay for the boiler casing, since it is secured to the plate 2 and the inner surface of round boiler, and therefore, more square feet of heating surface in the boiler.

Due to the fact that the Avery hot' products of combustion, which pass or travel through only f a short proportionate length of each tube and are 5 surrounded by water at low level, in the primary steam-generating section, the temperature Yof these gases, While traveling in the portion of the tubes between the water level 22 in Vcompartment 3, and the water level at the top of com-Y partment fl, will emit or give off a high tem'- perature radiation eilect from the outer sur faces of the tubes I4 and the result Yis that dry or superheated steam is being delivered through thesteam main I2.

By reason of the small volume of water maintained 'ini the primary steam-generating compartment 3 and the highest temperature of combustion gases passing upwardly through the tubes M vin the compartment 3, some of the 20 water therein will be quickly converted into steam and the combustion temperature Will obviously fbe ylowered yor decreased,V but the remaining thigh temperature `of combustion will be -suciently highmenough to produce and deliver d ry 25 or superheated steam by the radiating heat given off Yfrom the outer tube surface which is com. pletely surrounded by steam that is traveling upwardly lin compartmentv 3 and through the main Vsteam port outlet l2. e y e Itis to beunderstood `that the arrangement 'of the tubes I' is not necessarily that shown in the drawings, as any other obvious arrangement may be Inadevwithout departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. e 3,5,A

What I claim isz- Y e 1. A steam generating' boiler having an inner casing member, a base plate secured thereto, a partition in the casing extending from the base plate for a portionof the length ofthe casing for providing a plurality ofy compartments in the casing, and continuous re tubes in the casing having'both ends secured to the base plate and extending over the unsecured end'of the partition, said pipes servingy to convey products of combustion.

2. A steam-generating boiler comprising, a casing member, a base plate, a partition lmember secured to the baseplate andthe opposite sides of thelcasing with ,its upper end located a distance below the upper inner'surface ofthe casing for dividing the casing into twoY compartments, whereby diierent water levels are maintained in the compartments, a. iireA box belowy the base plate,.andiire tubeswithin the casing, in communication with the fire box and having their ends secured tothe base plate and extending over the partition member andlocated in the compartments.` v

3. Means for drying or 'superheating steam ina steam boiler comprisinga water-receivingv casing, a partition member inthe 4.casing dividingV the `same into Vtwo compartmentsl for effecting diiierent Water levels, means for supplying Water to one `compartment for filling the 'same and' 65 causing it to overlow into the otherr compart- .ment at alower level, water-heating tubes disposed wholly within theca'sing, extending "into the Water in both compartments and above the water levels therein, whereby the steam in the '0'Y space above both water levels will be dried or superheated -by the -tube's and the waterin the compartmenthaving-the higher level will be preheated before it flows over into the lower water levelV and the temperature of thefnaluegases "y will be materially lowered before discharged to the atmosphere.

4. A steam generating boiler comprising, a water-receiving casing, a base plate, a combustion and smoke compartment below the base plate, a partition in the casing designed to provide diierent water levels in the casing, tubular members lying wholly within the casing having their opposite ends secured to the base plate and terminating at the combustion and smoke compartments, respectively, and extending over the partition, an annular passageway surrounding the casing for the waste gases, said passageway having a refractory and insulating substance as a confining member for the waste gases, whereby the said material utilizes heat and Waste gases to check boiler radiation, as described.

5. A steam generating boiler comprising, a water receiving casing, a base plate, a combustion and smoke compartment below the base plate, a partition in the casing designed to provide diierent water levels in the casing, tubular members lying wholly within the casing having their opposite ends secured to the base plate and terminating at the combustion and smoke compartments respectively and extending over the partition.

6. A fire tube boiler comprising a casing arranged above a combustion chamber and a smoke chamber, a nest of vertically disposed inverted U-shaped re tubes arranged in said casing and having their inlet ends opening into said combustion chamber and their outlet ends opening into said smoke chamber, a vertical partition disposed in said casing and extending upwardly between the inlet and outlet ends of said tubes, said partition dividing the casing into a steam generating compartment and a preheater compartment, and means for feeding water to the preheater compartment, said partition providing communication between said compartments, whereby the water level in the preheater compartment is greater than in the steam generating 20 compartment.

OSCAR A. HELLIG.