US479009A - Steam-generator - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E.A.MAGEE( STEAM GENERATOR.

Nb.479,009. Patented July 19,1892.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

' E A MAGEE STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented July 19, 1892.

JIM/enter.-

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFIQE.

EDWVARD A. MAGEE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

STEAM-G EN ERATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 479,009, dated July 19, 1892.

Application filed August 15, 1891. $erial No. 402,766. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Beit known that I, EDWARD A. MAGEE,acitizen of the United States, residing in Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, in the State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Steam-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to steam-generators, and has for its object to provide a device of the class adapted for all sizes, situations, and purposes, carrying any pressure desired, which shall possess superior advantages in point of simplicity, durability, and general efficiency, and shall give great coolness in the vicinity of the exterior.

With these ends in view my invention consists in the improved construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, which will be hereinafter more fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

My invention consists, generally speaking, of a series of compartments arranged to form one of the walls of a furnace, said compartments being connected in pairs by means of tubes or nests of tubes that extend into the furnace above the grate of the same, said tubes serving to maintain the circulation of water between the several compartments. I provide a steam and water drum or receptacle, the water-space of which is connected with the water-space of the water -leg, while the steam-space is connected in a suitable manner with the steam-spaces of the several compartments thereof. The descending water-pipe is provided with an inlet and with a branch suitably valved and provided with a pump, by means of which a water-supply may be forced in when desired. The furnace is provided with suitable doors by means of which access may be had to the generating and circulating pipes, as well as to the firebox and the ash-pit. I provide the furnace with a water casing or jacket, and, if desired, with an intermediate non-conducting packing of asbestus or other suitable material between said water-jacket and furnace-casing, such water-jacket being, if desired, set slightly off from the furnace-casing, so-as to leave more or less of a dead-air space. Outside the water-jacket I place an additional shell or casing, between which and the water-jacket is an air duct or passage, through which air may be carried down and warmed to be supplied-for the purpose of supporting combustion. The interval between this shell and the water-jacket should be properly stayed and the exterior of the outer shell may be covered with asbestus cloth, felt, or other suitable non-conducting material to prevent the escape of heat by radiation. The upper end of the water-jacket is connected with the condenser, and it serves as a distilling-retort operated by the beat escaping from the furnace, which would otherwise be wasted or Worse than wasted in heating the surrounding objects.

My invention further consists in certain modifications all of the same general principles herein described and consisting merely in the detailed construction of the generator.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and represent what I consider the best means of carrying out the invention. V

Figure l is a front elevation, partly in section, of my improved generator. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the same. Fig. 3 is a front view of the furnace, partly in vertical section. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view on a larger scale, showing a portion of the steam-generator. Fig. 5 is an elevation, and Fig. 6 a horizontal section, showing the means used for protecting the front Wall of the generator from the heat of the furnace. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are front views illustrating various modifications of my invention. Figs. 10,11,and 12 are side views of the said modifications.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures where they appear.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3,1 designates an extended rectangular body or water-leg. The front plate 2 forms the back face of the furnace. The front plate 2 and rear plate 3 are connected by means of stay-bolts 4. The rear plate 8 is provided with hand-holes 6, surrounded by flanges 7. 'These flanges are re inforced by means of strips 8, which may be welded, riveted, or otherwise suitably secured to the flanges 7. This is for the purpose of providing surfaces of increased width to form seats for the gaskets to be placed between these flanges and the hand hole covers. Stay-bolts 4, by which the front and rear plates of the casing are connected, may be threaded into both of said plates. Bolts 1.0 are likewise threaded into the front plate 2 for the purpose of further staying it and strongly retaining in position the hand hole covers 11. The water-leg 1 is subdivided by means of a series of partitions 12 into any desired number of horizontal compartments 13.

14 represents the steam and water drum, which is arranged above the generator. The water-space of said drum is connected by means of a descending pipe 15 with the lowermost compartmentlS of the water-leg. The

pipe 15 is provided at or near its upper end with an inlet-pipe 10, through which water properly forced by a feed-pump (not shown) may be supplied to the generator. The pipe 15 is also provided with a branch pipe 17, which is suitably valved and connected with a pump 17, by means of which the passage of waten downward from the water-space of the drum 14 may be forced when desired in order to increase the circulation.

The lowermostcompartment 13 of the water-leg isconnected with the one next above by meansof aseriesof bent pipes or tubes or nests of bent pipes or tubes 18, which'are extended into the furnace above the grate 19. The second compartment 13 is similarly connected by pipes or tubes 18 with the third compartment, which latter is in like manner connected withthe fourth compartment, and so on, according to the number of compartments into which the water-leg is divided. The top of eachcompartment except the bottom one is connected by means of ascending steam-pipes 20 with the steam-space of the drum 14, the bottom compartment being connected, as above described, with the waterspaceofsaid drum. The pipes 18, as will be observed, are located directly in the fire-box of the furnace, and it will be observed that collectively they have a verylarge surface exposed to the heat of the fire andof the escaping gases.

The front plate of the furnace has a door 21, through which access may be had to the pipes 18 in the interior of the furnace. It is also provided with the usual fire-door 22 and ash-pit 23.

In order to protect the front plate of the water-leg from the effects of excessive heat, I provide it with the device which has been illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings. This protecting device consists of a series of pins 24, which have been suitably inserted into said front plate, around the holes into which the pipes 18 are to be expanded. Around these pins I form a webbing or network 25 of wire,.and the pins and net-work together form a means for retaining a layer 26 of fire-clay or similar refractory material, which will soon set and harden and which will bebaked by the action of the fire in the furnace. It is obvious that this protecting device is applied before the pipes 18 are expanded or otherwise secured in the holes or ment.

openings which have been provided for their reception.

In lieu of the device illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 and above described, an ordinary wirenetting might be used; but it is obvious that such netting would have to be punched with holes registering with those provided for the reception of the pipes 18.

I11 the operation of this form of my invention the water passes from the water-space of the drum 1a to the lowermost compartment of the water-leg, and thence through the pipes 18 to the compartment next above, a partial conversion of the water into steam taking place in the passage of the water through the said pipes 18. All or nearly all of the steam will pass from the second compartment through the pipe 20 to the steam-spaceof the drum 14, and the water will pass throughthe seeondset of pipes 18 into the third compart- The steam which has been generated during the passage of the water through the second setof pipes 18 will pass from the top of the third compartment through the pipe 20 to the steam-space of the drum 14. The water will now pass through the third set of pipes into the fourth compartment, which in the accompanying drawings has been shown as the top one, and from which the steamand any water that may remain passes upward into the drum 14 through the third pipe 20, which is to be made of sufficiently large diameter to enable both steam and water to pass through. The steam-space of the drum 14 is of course to be connected with the engine in the usual manner, and a sufficient supply of water to compensate for the steam expended is introduced through the pipe 16. The delivery end of this tube is directed downward to impel the circulation by the force of the jet of feed-water received.

Adjacent to the furnace-casing is placed a wateujacket or receptacle 27, between which and the furnace-casing a non-conducting packing of asbestus or other suitable mate.

rial may be placed, if desired. Such packing, however, has not been shown in the drawings. In any case, owing to the importance of insuring perfect separation between the surfaces of the water-jacket and the furnacecasin g, an intermediate dead-air space of limited extent will remain, which will practically answer the same purpose as such packing. The lower end of the water-jacket is to be suitably connected with a source of watersupply. I propose at sea to receive the water of the oceanin this jacket controlled by a valve, as required, and to blow off when sutliciently concentrated. Its upper end is connected by the pipe 27 with the condenser.

(Not shown.)

Outside and adjacent to the waterjacket-I place a shell or outer casing 29, closedtightly at its upper and lower ends. Between tlris shell and the water-jacket there is an intermediate space, as 30. The shell 29 is provided near its upper end with an opening 31,

which is to be connected with the blower (not shown) by which air is forced downward through the space 30, from whence it passes under the water-jacket and upward through the grate of the furnace, thus supplying oxygen for the purpose of supporting combustion.

The walls of the water-jacket are to be stayed and braced or held properly apart by means of stays 31. A few stays, as 31 are extended, as shown, and serve to hold the water-jacket at just the proper distance from the non-conducting clothing, which forms the outer surface of the furnace, as well as from the surrounding shell 29. The latter may, when desired, be covered with non-conducting material of any suitable character, such as asbestus cloth, felt, or the like.

The device thus constructed, in addition to utilizing the radiant heat for the purpose of heating the water for distilling and other purposes, has the advantage of avoiding uncomfortable heat in the vicinity of the furnace. This last I consider especially important when the device is employed in confined spaces, as on board vessels and the like, which are frequently rendered uncomfortable by the heat radiating from the furnace.

I shall now proceed to briefly describe the several modifications of my invention.

In the form illustrated in Figs. 7 and 10 of the drawings the water-leg or casing (here designated by 33) is provided with compartments arranged in pairs, the lower one of each pair being designated by 34 and the upper one by 35. The casing is provided at its ends with passages 36 and 37, the former of which is connected with the water-space and the latter with the steam-space of the steam and water drum. The lower compartment of each pair communicates with the passage 36, and the upper compartment of each pair in like manner communicates with the passage 37. The compartments of each pair are connected by the nests of tubes 39, which extend into the furnace, of which the water-leg forms the back wall. It will be seen that the operation of this device is practically the same as that of the preferred form of my invention above described, the water passing from the water-space of the drum to the compartments 34, thence through the generating-pipes 39 into the compartments 35, thence to the passage 37, and from the latter to the steam-space of the drum. The main object of my invention, which is to cause the constant circular tion of water through the generating-pipes, is thus attained.

In the formillustratedin Figs. 8 and 11 two vertical pipes or water-legs 40 and 41 are connected, respectively, with the waterspace and the steam-space of the drum. The pipe 40 is provided with laterally-extending chambers 43, between which chambers 44 extend laterally from the pipe 41. The chambers 43 and 44 are connected in pairs bythe pipes 45, which extend into the furnace. Here again the operation is the same as above described, the water passing from the drum through the pipe '40 into the chambers 43, thence through the generating-pipes 45 to the chambers 44, from whence the steam thus generated is conveyed to the steam-space ot' the drum.

The third modification of my invention (illustrated in Figs. 9 and 12) presents appar ently a different structure; but, as will be found, the operation is precisely the same. In this case the water-leg or casing, which is designated by 46, is divided by vertical partitions 47 into a series of compartments 48. The compartment 48 at one end of .the casing is connected by a descending pipe 49 with the water-space of the drum 52. Each of the other compartments is connected by means of'a pipe 50 with the steam-space of said drum. The several compartments are connected in pairs by means of the generating-pipes 58, which extend forwardly into the furnace. In this case, however, the said generating-pipes are preferably arranged in an inclined-posi-' tion, as will be seen in Fig. 9, in order to facilitate the passage of water and steam. The water passes from the drum 52 to the compartment 48 at one end of the casing, thence through the generating-pipes 58 to the next compartment, and so on through the several compartments to the compartment at the 0pposite end of the casing. The pipes 50 convey the steam from the intermediate compartments to the steam-space of' the drum, and the pipe 50, leading from the last compartment 48, conveys the steam and water to the steam-space of the drum 52.

Those familiar with the art to which my invention pertains will readily appreciate the advantages derived from the same. In each of the forms'of my invention a constant circulation of the water is kept up, and the generating-pipes through which the water passes for the purpose of being converted into steam have collectively a surface of an extent which is not usually found in steam-generators. The consequence is that steam is generated'very rapidly, while at the same time the space occupied by the entire apparatus is not necessarily very large.

The water-jacket, which is placed adjacent to the furnace, enables the radiant heat to be utilized for the purpose of raising the temperature of the water for distilling, while the surrounding shell forms an air-duct in the passage through which air will be warmed prior to entering the furnace forthe purpose of supporting combustion. These devices, in addition to the utilization of radiating heat, have the important advantage of preventing discomfort resulting from radiant heat. The bent form of the pipes 18 allows the whole to be exposed to the hot products of combustion, while returning the water into the chamber or compartment 13, contiguous to the one from which it has flowed.

I desire it to be understood that while I have shown several forms to which my in- IIO vention may be reduced I donot limit myself to the same, inasmuch as various other modifications might be made without depart ing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of my invention.

Parts of this invention may be used without the whole. Thus the stays 31 and 31 may be omitted or modified, and the waterjacket or outer shell 29, or both, may be omitted and the heat allowed to radiate freely from the furnace-casing.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a steamgenerating apparatus, the combination with a furnace, of steam-generating pipes, compartments or chambers connected by said pipes, pipes to carry off the steam to be used independently from the several compartments or chambers, and means, as a separating-drum and a pipe leading from the water-space thereof, for separating the water and returning it to the boiler, all substantially as herein specified.

2. A steam-generator having a series of compartments connected by bent pipes extending into the furnace, the ends of the series being connected, respectively, with the water-space and the steam-space of a separating drum or receiver, substantially as set forth.

3. A steam-generator comprisinga furnace, a water-leg or column forming a wall of the same and having a series of compartments, steam-generating tubes connectingsaid compartments in pairs and extending into the furnace, and a drum having its steam and water spaces independently connected with separate compartments of the generator, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a steam-generator havinga series of compartments, steam-generating tubes connecting said compartments in pairs and extending into the furnace, connection between one compartment and the waterspace of the receiving-drum, and a connection between a higher compartment and the steam-space of said drum, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a water leg or column having "separate compartments, a furnace, return-pipes connecting the compartments in pairs and extending forward into the furnace, a steam and water drum and connection between the water-space of the latter and one compartment of the generator, an inlet-pipe for feed-water near the upper end of such connection, and connections between the steam-space of the drum and the remaining compartments of the generator, substantially as set forth.

6. In a steam-generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-leg forming the back wall of the same and having a series of compartments, circulating or generating pipes connecting such compartments in pairs, netting or holding material attached to the front wall of the water-leg around and between such generating-pipes, and a covering of refractory material attached to such netting or holding device, substantially as set forth.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination, with the furnace, of a boiler having water-tubes or other efficient steam-generating surfaces, a non-conducting wall exterior thereto, and a surrounding water reservoir or receptacle exterior to the whole, the lower and upper ends of which are connected, respectively, with a source of supply and with a condenser, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In a device of the class described, the combination, with the boiler proper, of a Water jacket or receptacle, the lower and upper ends of which are adapted to be connected, respectively, with a source of supply and with a condenser, and an outer shell orcasing placed adjacent to said outer jacket or receptacle, arranged to allow the partial vacuum or draft of the furnace to draw the air downwardly through the space between said outer casing and the water jacket or receptacle for the purpose of supplying hot air to support combustion, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of a furnace, a waterjacket, an exterior shell or casing placed adjacent to said water-jacket and forming an air duct or passage, the water-leg having suitable compartments, the circulating and generating pipes connecting said compartments in pairs, the steam and water drum, the pipe connecting the water-space of the latter with the lowermost compartment of the water-leg and having a supply-pipe near its upper end, and connections between the remaining com partments and the steam-space of the drum, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWVARD A. MAGEE.

Witnesses:

M. F. BOYLE, H. A. JoHNs'roNE.

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