US2044864A - Method of making light sensitive films - Google Patents

Method of making light sensitive films Download PDF

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Publication number
US2044864A
US2044864A US454973A US45497330A US2044864A US 2044864 A US2044864 A US 2044864A US 454973 A US454973 A US 454973A US 45497330 A US45497330 A US 45497330A US 2044864 A US2044864 A US 2044864A
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United States
Prior art keywords
light
emulsion
range
exposure
zone
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Expired - Lifetime
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US454973A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonard T Troland
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Vantiva SA
Technicolor Inc
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Technicolor SA
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Priority to BE379869D priority Critical patent/BE379869A/fr
Application filed by Technicolor SA filed Critical Technicolor SA
Priority to US454973A priority patent/US2044864A/en
Priority to DET38902D priority patent/DE585922C/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/02—Sensitometric processes, e.g. determining sensitivity, colour sensitivity, gradation, graininess, density; Making sensitometric wedges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/22—Subtractive cinematographic processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/25—Dye-imbibition processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic positive emulsions or mms-especially for use in cinematography and cinematographic reproductions (as for example by the imbibition process of dyeing a matrix nlm and printing blank iilms therefrom) in color or in black and white and to a method of preparing and using the same.-
  • photographic images as heretofore produced in the manner described are formed in physical relief (as by dissolving and removing the undeveloped portions of the gela- 15 tine emulsion) the image which is left presents a relief, the thicknesses of which substantially correspond to the ldensity of the silver image, while the contours or relative thicknesses represent the gradations of density or contrast.
  • the same limitations of range of sensitivity to the exposure light and failure of correlation of densities are present as are manifested by the original silver image.
  • higher relief contours may present lower gradients or slopes than the intermediate contours; ⁇ and in' practice such gradient may be reduced by the dissolving operation in these extreme parts of the relief more than in the intermediate portion.
  • the image may be deficient in gamma (i. e., density gradient or relief contour slope) in one or more regions of variation of intensity of the exposure light; and also limited with respect to the range of densities or thicknesses of relief which may be relied 40 upon for accurate contrast reproduction.
  • gamma i. e., density gradient or relief contour slope
  • The. invention includes briey the preparation of a photographically sensitive (silver) gelatine emulsion preferably by treating with one or more sensitizing agents to render the same sensitive to a broader spectral band of light (e. g., corresponding to three spectral zones) and also by dyeing with three (or more) dyes which are severally characterized by being selectively absorptive of light waves in separate spectral zones (preferably distinct but possibly overlapping) within the said sensitized band.
  • a photographically sensitive gelatine emulsion preferably by treating with one or more sensitizing agents to render the same sensitive to a broader spectral band of light (e. g., corresponding to three spectral zones) and also by dyeing with three (or more) dyes which are severally characterized by being selectively absorptive of light waves in separate spectral zones (preferably distinct but possibly overlapping) within the said sensitized band.
  • the emulsion thus formed is characterized by a Wider range of sensitivity than the silver emulsions heretofore employed in positive printing. And moreover, by employing a composite light (of Widely varying intensities and comprising light waves in each of the three spectral zones selectively absorbed by the dyes) in exposing the same, the contrast gradients (or relief contours) corresponding to the regions of low medium and .high intensities of the exposure light may be independently controlled by the successive and selective absorption of light of said spectral colors,
  • the light of shortest Wave length will be sharply absorbed (by the specic absorptive dye therefor) to produce the lower range of densities or reliefs and thereby also to accentuate the gradation of density or contours within this range.
  • the exposure light of intermediate wave length maybe less sharply absorbed (by the dye specifically absorptive thereof) and hence penetrate the emulsion deeper, to produce the range of intermediate densities and/or reliefs.
  • the gradations of density or contrast are ordinarily sufficiently well reproduced; but in l this range the use of selectively light-absorptive dye restrains'the corresponding light Waves of the exposure light to the development of the intermediate range of intensities and prevents their further penetration.
  • a portion of the remaining l still less strongly absorbed light (usually of still longer Wave length) is permitted to penetrate more deeply into the gelatine emulsion but, due to the action of the third dye, may not pass entirely through the film and hence is eiectively l5 absorbed therein to form the photographic image in the region of high densities or reliefs, with gradations or contours, (accentuated still more than in the regions of low densities or reliefs) and hence provides the required contrast in this range of light intensity. 4
  • the specific absorption of light effected in each spectral zone of the exposure light may be in such proportion to the sensitivity of the emulsion With respect to light waves of that zone as to reduce the depth of penetration or thickness of relief produced by the penetration of the exposure light, to the absolute (and relative) degree required. Accordingly the density gradient or relief contour produced, corresponding to each zone of light intensity in the exposure, may be controlled by controlling the ratio of the absorptivity of the dye to specific sensitivity of the lm to the absorbed light, as may be desired.
  • a silver emulsion may be rendered sensitive to blue-green, green and yellow light (in addition to the normal sensitivity to blue light), thus presenting a relatively Wide zone of spectral sensitivity (or to three separate spectral zones) if desired). It may also be treated with dyes which are selectively absorptive of blue, blue-green, green and yellow light, respectively.
  • the dyes may be employed, severally, in appropriate amounts or concentrations in relation to the sensitivity of the emulsion to light of the several spectral wave lengths, to correspond to and control the formation of the photographic image produced by the low, medium and high intensities of the exposure light.
  • a dye strongly absorptive of blue light may be employed in a film to reduce the density of an image (or thickness of its relief) to be produced thereon by the blue zone of the exposure light to represent the low intensities of the exposure light, and the degree of reduction will be controlled by the amount of dye used and varied within such range by the relative intensities of the (blue component of the) exposure light employed.
  • the gamma or relative degree of density or thickness of the-relief image produced may be controlled by the relationship of the, specic absorption characteristics of the dye to the sensitivity characteristic of the emulsion in this spectral range, and determined by the quality, time and intensity of the blue component of the exposure light to which it is subjected.
  • the blue-green and green components of the exposure light may be selectively absorbed by the second -dye and the depth of penetration or thickness of -the relief image formed thereby may be reduced. But it may, for example, be reduced less than the depth of penetration of the image or thickness of reliefproducedby the blue light,- thereby to produce a region of deeper penetration of the emulsion and a higher relief in the resulting image, consequent upon this component and corresponding to the intermediate range of intensities of the exposure light.
  • the gamma or gradation of relief produced in this zone oi.' the exposure light will likewisev be controlled by the relationship of the sensitizing and absorptive values of the reagents, in conjunction with the variations in intensities of the exposure light.
  • the third (e. g. greenish-yellow) component of the exposure light may also be selectively absorbed by the presence of the third dye and the depths of penetration (or thicknesses of the relief image) formed thereby likewise somewhat reduced.
  • the degree of reduction of penetration in this zone may be relatively slight so as to permit deep penetrations of the emulsion by thisA component of the exposure light (limited only by the thickness of the film) thus to produce the high reliefs in the resulting photographic image and sharper contrast or contour gradients corresponding to the higher range of intensities of the exposure light.
  • the positive film emulsion f (shown in section) according to the invention is throughout its thickness sensitive to blue, green and yellow light (that is, isochromatic in contradistinction to the positive emulsion normally used) and, likewise throughout its thickness, selectivelyiabsorptive of light in three zones vin the blue, green and yellow regions of the spectrum.
  • This absorption is, according to the invention, stepped in such a manner that substantially all blue exposure light is absorbed within depth b next to the light entrant side of the emulsion.
  • the absorption in the green zone is less strong, so that green printing light penetrates depth y. 'Ihe absorption of yellowprinting light is still less intensive. so that the latter penetrates depth y, that is, substantially the entire emulsion.
  • emulsion f is exposed to a record to be reproduced, for example a negative n represented by developed silver wedge w.
  • the printing light contains at ⁇ least the blue, green and yellow ranges indicated by rays B, G, and Y, but may be white, for ⁇ obvious reasons.
  • the highly absorbed blue printing light is exhausted within region b, and the exposure effected by it can be indicated by curve L representing the low intensities or high light portions of the positive, within sector l of the wedge.
  • the green light aiects the medium intensity record M corresponding to region 'm and the yellow light the high intensity or shadow record H, corresponding to region h of the negative.
  • the shape of the density exposure curve (or the contrast characteristic) of the total record can be controlled and adjusted by substantially independently controlling the exposure within each of three depths b, g, y.
  • the contrast control within each independent contrast zone or band as well as the depth of penetration for eachlband can be controlled by adjusting sensitivity, absorption and printing light'v intensity for that band, zone or depthof penetration.
  • the gelatine portions abovevlines L, M, H would be dissolved or etched off, so that the resulting Across section of the relief'reproduction of -wedge w indicates diof the invention will be described with reference posi-te absorption values of the dyes employed and also a corresponding graph (F) showing the composite spectral sensitivity of the iilm;
  • Fig. 3 represents the cumulative penetration or reliefs of an image resulting from exposure ⁇ of the sensitized and dyed lm of Fig. 2 to increasing intensities, of exposure light and the gammas obtained in the low medium-and high intensity regions, respectively, in accordance with this invention
  • Fig. 4 represents the usual graph or relief of an image resulting from exposure of an ordinary sensitive gelatine emulsion to increasing intensities oi' exposure light;
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram explaining the new method and including a section through an emulsion forming an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 the graphs indicate the spectral absorption value of (A) tartrazine, (B) rose bengel (C) acid magenta (D) erythrosine components of the dye solution employed (given below) plotted in terms of thefactor:
  • graph'E represents, in the same manner, the composite effects of the several dyes
  • graph F indicates the spectral sensitivity ofthe lm as sensitized primarily by silver halide in the region F', and by rose bengaland/or erythrosine in the region F.
  • the latter dye or sensitizer develops an excessive sensitivity to light in the zone-between 550 and 620. Consequently, by its addition to the emulsion there is an ⁇ overcorrection and extension of sensitivity in these spectral zones.
  • the sensitivity may be unnecessarily great in comparison to the sensitivity of the silver salt as limited by tartrazine.
  • the spectral component of the exposure light in the lower portion may be sharply abssrbed by rose bengal, while that in the higher portion may be (less sharply) absorbed by acid magenta and allowed to penetrate still more deeply into the lm.
  • the contrast gradation or gamma relative depths of penetration or thickness of relief
  • a transparent lm is then coated with the emulsion and allowed to dry, when it is ready for use in the customary manner.
  • the lm mayl then be exposed, for example, through a suitable' negative to light having a, spectral range corresponding to the aggregate spectral range of absorption of the composite dye-or to the spectral range of sensitivity of the film, and then converted into a relief image, as for example in accordance with my Patent 1,535,700.
  • the exposed stock may be developed in any of the usual non-tanning development solutions, and, if desired, xed in the usual way with hypo.
  • the resulting silver image may then be converted into a gelatin relief image,'as by bleaching in a solution of ammonium dichromate and potassium bromide, sulphuric acid and water, or
  • the thicknesses and contours produced by the normal (silver sensitive) spectral region of the exposure light are low due to the absorption eii'ect of the tartrazine
  • the contours of the middle portion (lower erythrosine sensitized) region are intermediate and controlled by the absorption effect of the rose bengal
  • the upper (erythrosine sensitized) region which, per se,might be too high, is controlled by the relative absorption effeet of the acid magenta.
  • the relief image thus obtained is eminently suitable for use in imbibition printing, and serves to produce an accurate printed image, in which the proper contrasts are reproduced throughout the entire range of intensities of the exposure light,-and the range of such contrasts is much greater than has heretofore been obtainable by procedures or compositions of the prior art.
  • any specic variations which may be encountered (due to the dye employed, the film blank to be printed, etc.) in the low, medium or high region of light intensities may be severally corrected, without affecting the other and correctly reproduced regions.
  • the method of controlling the exposure density relation of lin prints which comprises sensitizing an emulsion forlight inclu-ding a Wave length range of at least approximately millimicrons, making said emulsion absorptive of light of at least three substantial wave length zones substantially covering said range, the degrees of light absorption for the respective zones being stepped so that exposure light of said range penetrates to three substantial depths corresponding to said z ones stepped throughout the emulsion, printingl on said emulsion with light including said range and adjusting the exposure density relation of each zone through absorption of the emulsion and exposure light intensity, thereby controlling the exposures of said .zones substantially independently and thus adjusting the shape of the-total density exposure relation.
  • the vmethod of controllingv the exposure density relation of film prints which comprises rendering any emulsion throughout its -depth sensitive to, and absorptive of, three distinct substantial wave length zones representing together a spectral range of yat least approximately 120 millimicrons, said sensitivity and absorptionl being stepped for said three zones so that expo-sure light of said range penetrates to three substantial depths corresponding to said zones throughout the emulsion, printing on said emulsion with light of said range and independently adjusting the exposure-density relation of each zone by adjusting the ⁇ intensity of-its exposure light, thereby substantially independently controlling the exposures -of said zones and thus adjusting the shape of the total density. exposure relation.
  • the method of controlling the exposure density relation of film prints which comprises sensitizing an emulsion throughout its depth for light including a Wave length range representing l at least approximately 120 millimicrons, making said emulsion throughout its depth absorptive of light of at least three substantial wave length zones substantially covering said range by incorporating therein three dyes acting as ilters absorbing light of wave lengths of said zones, the degrees of absorption for the respective zones' being stepped so that exposure light of wave lengths of said range penetrates to three s ubstantial depths corresponding to said zones stepped throughout the emulsion, printing on said emulsion with light including said range, and controlling the conguration of the density exposure relation for each zone and depth substantially independently by adjusting sensitivity and absorption of the emuls 'in and exposure light intensity, thereby controllingthe shape of the total density exposure relation.
  • Reproduction lm comprising an emulsion sensitized throughout for light including a wave length range of at least approximately 120 millimicrens, and at least three dyes acting as iilters incorporated throughout the emulsion, saiddyes absorbing light of at least three substantial wave length zones substantially covering said range, the light absorption degree of said dyes being stepped for penetration of light of the wave lengths of said zones to three substantial depths corresponding to saidzones stepped throughout the emulsion.
  • the method of making reproduction lm which comprises sensitizing the lm emulsion for light including a wave length range of at least approximately 120 millimicrons, and treating the same with at least three dyes selectively absorptive of light of at least three substantial wave length ⁇ zones substantially covering said range, the degrees of light absorption of said dyes being stepped so that exposure light of saidrange penetrates to three substantial depths corresponding to said zones stepped throughout the emulsion.
  • reproduction lm which comprises rendering its emulsion throughout its depth sensitive for a wave length range of at least approximately 120 millimicrons, and incorporating therein, substantially throughout its depth, at least three dyes acting as lters, said dyes absorbing light of at least three substantial VWave length zones substantially covering said range, the light absorption degree of said dyes be-l ing stepped for penetration of light of the wave lengths of said zones to three substantial depths corresponding to said zones stepped throughout the emulsion.
  • the method of making reproduction film which comprises the steps of rendering the lm emulsion sensitive to all-of the spectral zones of White exposure light and treating the same with three dyes, said dyes being selectively absorptive of light in the ultra violet to blue zone, in the blue green to greenish yellow zone, and in the yellowred zone, respectively, of the white exposure light, said selective absorption being stepped for y the A penetration of the exposure light of wave lengths of the respectivezones to three substantial depthsI .1(i.
  • the method of making light sensitive film which comprises the steps of rendering the lm emulsion sensitive to all-of the spectral zones of White exposure light and treating the same with three dyes, said dyes being selectively absorptive of light in the ultra violet to blue zone, in the blue green to greenish yellow zone, and in the yellowred zone, respectively, of the white exposure light, said selective absorption being stepped for y the A penetration of the exposure light of wave lengths of the respectivezones to three substantial depthsI .1
  • the method-of making matrix i'ilm suitable for imbibition printing which comprises the steps of rendering the same sensitive to all of the spectral zones of white exposure light and treating the same with three dyes, said dyes being selectively absorptive of light in the ultra violet to blue zone, in the blue green to greenish yellow zone, and in the yellow-red zone, respectively, of the white exposure light, said selective absorption being stepped for the penetration of the exposure light of wave lengths of said zones to three substantial depths corresponding to said zones throughout the emulsion, subjecting the emulsion to exposure light of varying intensities containing the wave lengths of said zones, 'developing the exposed lm, and removing the undeveloped portions of the emulsion.
  • the method of making matrix iilm suitable for imbibition printing which comprises the steps of rendering the iilm emulsion sensitive to all ofthe spectral zones of White exposure light, and treating the same with three dyes, one being selectively andstrongly absorptive of light in the ultra violet to blue zone, the second being selectively and moderately absorptive of light in the blue green to greenish yellow' zone, and the third being selectively and slightly absorptive of light in the yellow to red zone, of the white exposure light, subjecting the emulsion to white exposure light of varying intensities, developing the exposed lm and removing the undeveloped portions of the emulsion.
  • Method of making nib emulsion for the development of a wide range of contrasts therein comprising sensitizlng the same with a silver salt and with erythrosine, andrendering the same 'selectively absorptive with respect to the zone of light of short wave length, by the addition of tartr-azine to produce low densities or contours in the normally sensitive region, renrespect to light of intermediate wave length to produce an intermediate density or contours region corresponding to the lower erythrosine sensitized zone, by the addition of rose bengal, and rendering the emulsion selectively absorptive with respect to light of longer wave length, to produce the higher density or contours region, corresponding to the upper erythrosine sensitized zone by the addition of acid magenta.
  • Method of. making photographic emulsion for the development of a wide range of contrasts therein comprising sensitizing the same with a silver salt and with rose bengal, and rendering the same selectively absorptive with respect to dering the emulsion selectively absorptive with the zone of light of short wave length, by the addition of tartrazine to produce low densities or contours in the normally sensitive region, rendering the emulsion selectively absorptive with respect to light of intermediate wave length to produce an intermediate density or contours region corresponding to the lower rose bengal sensitized zone, by the addition of rose bengal, and rendering the emulsion selectively absorptive With respect to light of longer Wave length, to produce the higher density or ⁇ contours region, corre sponding to the upper sensitized zone by the addition of acid magenta.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US454973A 1930-05-23 1930-05-23 Method of making light sensitive films Expired - Lifetime US2044864A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE379869D BE379869A (OSRAM) 1930-05-23
US454973A US2044864A (en) 1930-05-23 1930-05-23 Method of making light sensitive films
DET38902D DE585922C (de) 1930-05-23 1931-05-23 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reliefs, insbesondere fuer den Absaugedruck, auf photographischen, isochromatischen, angefaerbten Schichten

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628902A (en) * 1947-04-29 1953-02-17 Raibourn Paul Process of producing colored photographs

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628902A (en) * 1947-04-29 1953-02-17 Raibourn Paul Process of producing colored photographs

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DE585922C (de) 1933-10-14

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