US2036313A - Manufacture of artificial threads from viscose - Google Patents

Manufacture of artificial threads from viscose Download PDF

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Publication number
US2036313A
US2036313A US587354A US58735432A US2036313A US 2036313 A US2036313 A US 2036313A US 587354 A US587354 A US 587354A US 58735432 A US58735432 A US 58735432A US 2036313 A US2036313 A US 2036313A
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Prior art keywords
bath
thread
per cent
viscose
threads
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Expired - Lifetime
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US587354A
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English (en)
Inventor
Zimmermann August
Spencker Kurt
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/229—Relaxing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose

Definitions

  • Qur present invention relates to the manu facture of artificial silk threads of high tenacity and high extensibility.
  • Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically a device for obtaining threads having high tensile strength and high extensibility
  • Fig. 2 shows the same arrangement with another stretching device. The same reference characters indicate the same parts.
  • Our invention is based upon the observation that, when the spinning baths known for the production of silks oi high'tenacity are used, a thread drawn from the spinning bath in a stretched condition is strongly contracted when caused to enter into water while in a completely unstretched condition, that is to say while hanging freely, and when subsequently subjected to a second stretching, yields a thread which has a tenacity exceeding 2.5 grams per denier and an extensibility from above 9 to above 15 per cent. Also the extensibility of these threads in the wet state is at least just as high as, but mostly higher than that in the dry state.
  • this contraction may be increased to 61 per cent.
  • the process is carried out, for instance, in the following manner: After leaving the bath, the thread is drawn off by a roller while passing over one or several glass rods, the roller having a greater peripheral velocity than corresponds with the final titre. From this roller the thread falls into a trough containing water through which it passes for a length of from 10 to 50 cm. completely loosely suspended, whereupon it is drawn out again by means of a second roller having a peripheral velocity which corresponds with the desired titre. Between this second roller and the water-bath there is interposed another stretching device composed of glass'rods. Instead of using stretching devices consisting of glass rods the stretching can be produced by pairs of rollers, the first roller of which has a smaller peripheral velocity then the second.
  • the draught roller arranged behind the waterthe water, diminished by the contraction actually occurring. If the velocity with which the thread leaves the water be smaller than that with which it enters, less the amount of contraction, the threads will collect in the bath.
  • the draught from the water-bath will preferably be a little higher than corresponds with the greatest contraction possible. Thereby the piece of thread immersed in the contraction bath will be somewhat lifted out of the bath, and the length of immersion will consequently be shortened, so that the contraction is correspondingly diminished and the speed of draught somewhat increased.
  • the contraction and the two speeds of draught thus balance each other in such a way that under determined conditions of draught the thread passes through the water of the contraction bath with a determined length of immersion.
  • the water-bath may have room temperature or may be warmed. In the water of the contraction bath there can be dissolved substances which do not impede the contraction but even promote it.
  • the thread contracted by passing through the water-bath is wound, in a completely unstretched state, on bobbins or reels and is stretched only in another step of the process so as to produce its final titre, while being simultaneously strengthened. Thereafter the thread can. be twisted, for instance in a spinning centrifuge. In this case it is most advantageous to stretch it in a wet state.
  • the viscose may be prepared from ripened as well as from unripened alkali cellulose. This improvement in the elasticity of the thread is associated with a considerably higher dyeing capacity of the fiber, so that, as compared with the ordinary viscose silks, no difference exists in the absorption of dycstuff.
  • the process is suitable for the production of fiber bundles, which are made into staple fiber, as well as for the production of artificial silk.
  • the object of this invention is to allow the strongly stretched thread which hangs freely, to contract and to subject it again to be a stretching process.
  • Example 1 A viscose containing 5 per cent. of cellulose and 5.5 per cent of NaOH is spun at an ammonium chloride point of 9.5 cc. (determined with ammonium chloride of 15 per cent. strength) through a nozzle having 120 openings in a sulfuric acid bath of 76 per cent. strength heated to about 22 C. The quantity of the viscose delivered amounts to 7.9 cc. per minute and the last draught is adjusted so that the thread has a total titre of 120 deniers. After leaving the bath the thread passes over 3 glass rods of 1 mm. diameter and then over a roller whose peripheral velocity is 50 metres, round which it is wound once.
  • Example 2 The same viscose is spun at a rate of 8.15 cc. per minute into a bath of sulfuric acid of 65 per cent. strength heated to about 45 C., the first draught roller having a peripheral velocity of 54 metres, the spool having a peripheral velocity of 34 metres.
  • the length of thread immersed in the contracting bath is 13 cm. Behind the contracting bath the thread is stretched by means of 3 glass rods of 5 mm. diameter.
  • the temperature of the contracting bath is 30 C.
  • the other conditions are the same as in Example 1. There are obtained threads whose tenacity in the dry state is 3.1 grams per denier and in the wet state 1.76 grams per denier and whose extensibility is 12.9 per cent in the dry state and 15.5 per cent. in the wet state.
  • Example 3 The same viscose is spun at a rate of 7.65 cc. per minute into a bath kept at a temperature of 10-12 0., made by esterifying 20 parts of methanol with parts of concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • the peripheral velocity of the first roller is 46 metres, that of the spool is 32 metres.
  • the length of thread immersed in the contracting bath is 15 cm. the temperature of the latter is 18 C. Behind the contracting bath the thread is stretched over 2 rods only.
  • the other conditions are as in Example 1.
  • the threads obtained have a tenacity of 3.28 grams per denier in the dry state and of 2.26 grams per denier in the wet state and an elongation of 9.6 per cent. when dry and of 13.4 per cent. when wet.
  • Example 4 The same viscose is spun at a rate of 7.2 cc. per minute into the same bath as in Example 3, with the difference that 10 per cent. of water is added to the spinning bath.
  • the peripheral velocity of the draught roller is 49 metres, that of the spool is 30 metres.
  • the temperature of the spinning bath is 23 C.; the
  • the other conditions are thread is stretched behind the contracting bath the same as those of Example 3.
  • the threads obtained have a tenacity of 3.54 grams per denier when dry, and of 2.25 grams when wet, and an elongation of 11.2 per cent. when dry and of 12.6 per cent. when wet.
  • Example 5 There are used the same viscose and the same acid as in Example 3, except that there is added 20 per cent. of water.
  • the peripheral velocity of the first draught roller is 50 metres, that of the spool is 30 metres.
  • the other conditions are the same as in Example 4.
  • threads obtained have a tenacity of 3.1 grams per denier when dry and of 1.73 grams when wet, and an elongation of 15 per cent. when dry and of 21.2 per cent. when wet.
  • Example 6. A ripened viscose containing 5 per cent. of cellulose and 5.5 per cent. of NaOH is spun with a salt point of 4.75 cc. and at a rate of 7.65 cc. per minute into a bath kept at 22 0., containing 44.35 per cent. of sulfuric acid, 26.8 per cent. of ammonium bisulfate and 3.4 per cent. of sodium bisulfate (per cent. by weight.)
  • the temperature of the contracting bath is 35 C. Behind the contracting bath the thread is stretched by means of 3 glass rods.
  • the peripheral velocity of the draught roller is 52 meters, that of the spool is 32 metres.
  • the other conditions are the same as in the pr ceding examples.
  • the threads have a tenacity of 3 grams per denier when dry and of 1.5 grams per denier when wet. The elongation is 13.7 per cent. when dry and 19.2 per cent. when wet.
  • the accompanying drawing illustrates a device adapted for executing our process.
  • the viscose is ejected through the spinning nozzlefl) into the precipitating bath (2).
  • the precipitated thread is drawn off from the spinning bath by means of aroller (4) after having passed the glass rods (3) (Fig. 1) which serve as a stretching device.
  • Fig. 2 the glass rods 3 and I of Fig. 1 have been replaced by rollers Ii and 12 which rotate at a lower peripheral velocity than the rollers 4 and 9 thus forming a stretching device with the latter.
  • the thread is wound one time around the roller (4) and guided by means of the thread guide (5). Coming from the roller (4), the threads drops into theshrinking bath (6), through which the threadpasses while sagging.
  • a process which comprises spinning viscose into a precipitating bath, adapted for spinning artificial silk of high tenacity, subjecting the freshly precipitated thread to a stretching operation, guiding the thread through a shrinking bath while sagging, and subjecting the thread to a second stretching operation while still moist.
  • a process which comprises spinning viscose into a precipitating bath adapted for spinning artificial silk of high tenacity, subjecting the freshly precipitated thread to a stretching p eration, guiding the thread through a bath while sagging and subjecting the thread to a second stretching operation immediately after having passed the shrinking bath and while employing a lower stretch than in the first stretching operation.
  • a process which comprises spinning viscose into a precipitating bath adapted for spinning artificial silk of high tenacity, subjecting the freshly precipitated thread to a stretching operation, guiding the thread through a shrinking bath while sagging, and subjecting the thread to a second stretching operation immediately after having passed the shrinking bath.
  • a process which comprises spinning viscose into a precipitating bath adapted for spinning artificial silk of high tenacity, subjecting the freely precipitated thread to a stretching operation, guiding the thread through a shrinking bath while sagging, and subjecting the thread to a second stretching operation after having been washed but in a still wet state.
  • a device for producing artificial threads of high tensile strength and high extensibility which comprises in operative combination a spirming bath, a first stretching device, a shrinking bath, and a second stretching device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US587354A 1931-01-23 1932-01-18 Manufacture of artificial threads from viscose Expired - Lifetime US2036313A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEI40480D DE568571C (de) 1931-01-23 1931-01-23 Verfahren zur Herstellung kuenstlicher Faeden oder Faserbuendel aus Viskose mit hoherFestigkeit und Dehnung
GB18049/31A GB379791A (en) 1931-01-23 1931-06-22 Improvements in the manufacture of artificial threads from viscose

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2036313A true US2036313A (en) 1936-04-07

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US587354A Expired - Lifetime US2036313A (en) 1931-01-23 1932-01-18 Manufacture of artificial threads from viscose

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US2036313A (is")
BE (1) BE388026A (is")
DE (2) DE568571C (is")
FR (1) FR729205A (is")
GB (2) GB379791A (is")
NL (1) NL32512C (is")

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433733A (en) * 1945-01-04 1947-12-30 Skenandoa Rayon Corp Process of manufacturing viscose rayon yarn
US2440057A (en) * 1944-03-15 1948-04-20 Du Pont Production of viscose rayon
US4068998A (en) * 1975-08-21 1978-01-17 Enrico Attucci Apparatus for processing continuously-fed plastics material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE902075C (de) * 1942-09-26 1954-01-18 Glanzstoff Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von kuenstlichen Faeden u. dgl. aus Viscose
DE916347C (de) * 1944-04-20 1954-08-09 Spinnfaser Akt Ges Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochfester Zellwolle mit nicht zu niedriger Dehnung aus Viscose unter Verwendung hochprozentiger Schwefelsaeurebaeder

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440057A (en) * 1944-03-15 1948-04-20 Du Pont Production of viscose rayon
US2433733A (en) * 1945-01-04 1947-12-30 Skenandoa Rayon Corp Process of manufacturing viscose rayon yarn
US4068998A (en) * 1975-08-21 1978-01-17 Enrico Attucci Apparatus for processing continuously-fed plastics material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL32512C (is") 1934-04-16
DE619296C (de) 1935-09-27
GB379791A (en) 1932-09-08
FR729205A (fr) 1932-07-20
BE388026A (is") 1932-05-31
GB385005A (en) 1932-12-22
DE568571C (de) 1933-01-24

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