US2027997A - Permanent magnet containing copper - Google Patents
Permanent magnet containing copper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2027997A US2027997A US9685A US968535A US2027997A US 2027997 A US2027997 A US 2027997A US 9685 A US9685 A US 9685A US 968535 A US968535 A US 968535A US 2027997 A US2027997 A US 2027997A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- nickel
- trace
- containing copper
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/06—Filters making use of electricity or magnetism
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
Definitions
- This invention relates to a strong permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to aluminium, copper from a trace to 20% and the remainder substantially iron. It has for its object to economically obtain a permanent magnet which possesses an extremely high coercive force and a strong residual magnetism without being quenched after casting and preserves these qualities without being influenced by thermal changes and mechanical shocks and having small specific gravity and non-corrosive property.
- Nickel is a ferromagnetic substance while aluminium is a paramagnetic one, and it has long been known that these metals give no beneficial effects upon the coercive force and residual magnetism of steels when they are added to the latter individually.
- nickel steels containing 5 to nickel are called irreversible steel by which is meant that they become transformed at appreciably higher temperatures on heating than on cooling. That is the A62 point (the temperature at which magnetism is lost on heating) is considerably higher than the An; point (the temperature at which magnetism begins to obtain on cooling), and the difference amounts to over 400 C. For 3 this reason, when cooling high-nickel steels from high temperature above the Ace point, the Ar: transformation points are suppressed and the steels become non-magnetic at room temperature due to the retention of 7-1101'1. This is the reason why scientists agree upon, and metallurgists give assent, to the fact that the nickel steels can not be used for magnet steels.
- the invention economically obtain magnet steels which possess an extremely high coercive force and a strong residual magnetism without being quenched, and preserve these qualities permanently withoutbeing influenced by thermal changes and mechanical shocks.
- the invention provides for a permanent magnet containing iron as its chief component, with the addition of 5 to 40% nickel, '7 to 20% aluminium and copper from trace to 20%.
- the nickel steel, formerly entirely disregarded as a, magnet steel can now be easily changed into a' strong magnet steel by an addition of a proper amount of aluminium, which is a cheap material.
- the steel will be furnished with an'extremely high coercive force and a strong residual magnetism without being quenched. By this means, therefore, the defect that the known magnetic steel must necessarily be subjected to deformation and quenching-crack when quenched, is completely eliminated.
- the alloy according to the invention will be applied for general uses, and in particular forpermanent magnets of precise measuring apparatus and generators, and other various kinds of measuring devices.
- one portion of the nickel contained in the new permanent magnet above mentioned will be substituted by copper, which is a very cheap material.
- the proportion for substitution is 20% and downwards to trace of the alloy.
- a permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, '7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper and the remainder iron.
- a permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper and the remainder substantially iron.
- a permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper, from trace to 1.5% carbon and the remainder iron.
- a permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper, from trace to 1.5% carbon and the remainder substantially iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
Patented Jan. 14, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PERMANENT MAGNET CONTAINING COPPER Tokushichi Mishima, Yodobashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Japan March 9, 1931 4 Claims.
This constitutes a division from the co-pending application Serial No. 587,822 filed January 20, 1932.
This invention relates to a strong permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to aluminium, copper from a trace to 20% and the remainder substantially iron. It has for its object to economically obtain a permanent magnet which possesses an extremely high coercive force and a strong residual magnetism without being quenched after casting and preserves these qualities without being influenced by thermal changes and mechanical shocks and having small specific gravity and non-corrosive property.
Nickel is a ferromagnetic substance while aluminium is a paramagnetic one, and it has long been known that these metals give no beneficial effects upon the coercive force and residual magnetism of steels when they are added to the latter individually.
Now nickel steels containing 5 to nickel are called irreversible steel by which is meant that they become transformed at appreciably higher temperatures on heating than on cooling. That is the A62 point (the temperature at which magnetism is lost on heating) is considerably higher than the An; point (the temperature at which magnetism begins to obtain on cooling), and the difference amounts to over 400 C. For 3 this reason, when cooling high-nickel steels from high temperature above the Ace point, the Ar: transformation points are suppressed and the steels become non-magnetic at room temperature due to the retention of 7-1101'1. This is the reason why scientists insist upon, and metallurgists give assent, to the fact that the nickel steels can not be used for magnet steels.
According to the invention economically obtain magnet steels which possess an extremely high coercive force and a strong residual magnetism without being quenched, and preserve these qualities permanently withoutbeing influenced by thermal changes and mechanical shocks. For this purpose the invention provides for a permanent magnet containing iron as its chief component, with the addition of 5 to 40% nickel, '7 to 20% aluminium and copper from trace to 20%.
As described above, according to the invention the nickel steel, formerly entirely disregarded as a, magnet steel, can now be easily changed into a' strong magnet steel by an addition of a proper amount of aluminium, which is a cheap material.
it is possible to ,The steel will be furnished with an'extremely high coercive force and a strong residual magnetism without being quenched. By this means, therefore, the defect that the known magnetic steel must necessarily be subjected to deformation and quenching-crack when quenched, is completely eliminated. The alloy according to the invention will be applied for general uses, and in particular forpermanent magnets of precise measuring apparatus and generators, and other various kinds of measuring devices.
According to the invention it has further been found that one portion of the nickel contained in the new permanent magnet above mentioned, will be substituted by copper, which is a very cheap material. The proportion for substitution is 20% and downwards to trace of the alloy. By this means the above mentioned magnetic properties of the alloy will be preserved and its forging property is never spoiled. The cost of manufacture for this alloy is very low.
Actual examples for this case are shown below:
In this case also it is noted that the presence of carbon of below 1.5% and/or a small amount of impurities does not materially affect the magnetic properties of the alloy.
I claim:
1. A permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, '7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper and the remainder iron.
2. A permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper and the remainder substantially iron.
3. A permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper, from trace to 1.5% carbon and the remainder iron.
4. A permanent magnet comprising 5 to 40% nickel, 7 to 20% aluminum, from trace to 20% copper, from trace to 1.5% carbon and the remainder substantially iron.
TOKUSHICHI MISHIMA,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9685A US2027997A (en) | 1932-01-20 | 1935-03-06 | Permanent magnet containing copper |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US587822A US2027994A (en) | 1931-03-09 | 1932-01-20 | Magnet steel containing nickel and aluminium |
| US9685A US2027997A (en) | 1932-01-20 | 1935-03-06 | Permanent magnet containing copper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2027997A true US2027997A (en) | 1936-01-14 |
Family
ID=26679779
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9685A Expired - Lifetime US2027997A (en) | 1932-01-20 | 1935-03-06 | Permanent magnet containing copper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2027997A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2499862A (en) * | 1948-03-16 | 1950-03-07 | Crucible Steel Co America | Permanent magnets and alloys therefor |
-
1935
- 1935-03-06 US US9685A patent/US2027997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2499862A (en) * | 1948-03-16 | 1950-03-07 | Crucible Steel Co America | Permanent magnets and alloys therefor |
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