US20240344271A1 - Use of modified lignin as a wet end strength additive - Google Patents

Use of modified lignin as a wet end strength additive Download PDF

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US20240344271A1
US20240344271A1 US18/681,285 US202218681285A US2024344271A1 US 20240344271 A1 US20240344271 A1 US 20240344271A1 US 202218681285 A US202218681285 A US 202218681285A US 2024344271 A1 US2024344271 A1 US 2024344271A1
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lignin
based compound
cationic polymer
added
pulp slurry
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David Steven JORDAN
Heqing Huang
Weiguo Cheng
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Ecolab USA Inc
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Ecolab USA Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
    • D21H17/14—Carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/23—Lignins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
    • D21H17/375—Poly(meth)acrylamide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
    • D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
    • D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
    • D21H17/45—Nitrogen-containing groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
    • D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
    • D21H17/56—Polyamines; Polyimines; Polyester-imides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to increasing paper strength. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a composition containing a modified lignin and a method of strengthening paper using the composition.
  • a typical papermaking process includes the steps of: 1) pulping wood or some other source of papermaking fibers; 2) producing a paper mat from the pulp, the paper mat being an aqueous slurry of cellulosic fiber, which may also contain additives, such as inorganic mineral fillers or pigments; 3) depositing this slurry on a moving papermaking wire or fabric; 4) forming a sheet from the solid components of the slurry by draining the water; 5) pressing and drying the sheet to further remove water, and 6) potentially rewetting the dry sheet by passing it through a size press and further drying it to form a paper product.
  • the dry strength of paper generally includes, for example, internal bonds, dry tensile strength, and burst strength.
  • Commonly used dry strength agents include natural polymers, such as cationic starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and guar gum, and synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylamide (cationic, anionic and amphoteric), glyoxalated polyacrylamides (GPAMs), and polyvinylamines.
  • polyacrylamide cationic, anionic and amphoteric
  • GPAM glyoxalated polyacrylamide
  • polyvinylamines polyvinylamines.
  • di-aldehyde functionalized polyacrylamide glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM)
  • GPAM glyoxalated polyacrylamide
  • a method of increasing paper strength includes adding a lignin-based compound to a pulp slurry; and adding a cationic polymer to the pulp slurry.
  • the lignin-based compound is soluble in water at a pH of about 4 to about 14.
  • the lignin-based compound has a weight average molecular weight of less than about 100,000 g/mol.
  • the lignin-based compound has a negative zeta potential.
  • the cationic polymer comprises monomers selected from the group consisting of: acrylamide, methacrylamide, diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), N-vinylamine, 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA), N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, diallylamine, poly (amidoamine), polyethylenimine, and any combination thereof.
  • the cationic polymer is crosslinked epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine, poly (amidoamine), or polyethylenimine.
  • the cationic polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 50,000 Da to about 2,000,000 Da.
  • the cationic polymer has a charge density of about 0.1 meq/g to about 15 meq/g.
  • the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer are added to the pulp slurry in a wet end of a papermaking process.
  • the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer are added to the pulp slurry in a whitewater system, pulp stock storage chest, blend chest, machine chest, headbox, saveall chest, or any combination thereof in the papermaking process.
  • the lignin-based compound is added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 10 lb/ton to about 100 lb/ton.
  • the cationic polymer is added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 1 lb/ton to about 30 lb/ton.
  • the lignin-based compound is added to the pulp slurry before the cationic polymer is added.
  • the lignin-based compound is added to the pulp slurry after the cationic polymer is added.
  • the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer are added to the pulp slurry at a different locations in the wet end.
  • the present disclosure also provides a composition, which comprises a lignin-based compound and a cationic polymer.
  • a use of a lignin-based compound and a cationic polymer for strengthening paper is disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 1 shows tensile index values measured for sheets that were treated in the wet end with poly (DADMAC) only and a combination of poly (DADMAC) and a lignin-based compound added sequentially.
  • FIG. 2 shows SCT index values measured for sheets that were treated in the wet end with poly (DADMAC) only and a combination of poly (DADMAC) and a lignin-based compound added sequentially.
  • FIG. 3 shows average strength improvement values for sheets made with a lignin-based compound and varying dosages of a poly (DADMAC) polymer and a crosslinked epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine coagulant.
  • a method of increasing paper strength includes adding a lignin-based compound to a pulp slurry and adding a cationic polymer to the pulp slurry.
  • lignin refers to a structural component of the cellulose fiber. Lignin is a high molecular weight, cross-linked organic compound that is relatively hydrophobic. In the papermaking process, lignin is typically removed from the cellulose fiber mass and incinerated; its presence in paper can cause several undesirable effects, such as yellowing and a reduction in strength.
  • the lignin-based compound can be an enzyme-modified lignin.
  • the enzyme-modified lignin can be a laccase-modified lignin.
  • the lignin-based compound is soluble in water at a pH of about 4 to about 14 for a concentration of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % of the lignin-based compound at about 25° C.
  • the lignin-based compound is soluble in water at a pH of about 6 to about 9 for a concentration of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % of the lignin-based compound at about 25° C.
  • the pH is about 6, about 7, about 8, or about 9 for a concentration of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % of the lignin-based compound at about 25° C.
  • the lignin-based compound is soluble in water at a pH of about 4 to about 14 for a concentration of about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % of the lignin-based compound at about 25° C.
  • the lignin-based compound is soluble in water at a pH of about 6 to about 9 for a concentration of about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % of the lignin-based compound at about 25° C. In some aspects, the lignin-based compound is soluble in water at a pH of about 6, about 7, about 8, or about 9 for a concentration of about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % of the lignin-based compound at about 25° C. In some aspects, the lignin-based compound is soluble in water at a pH of about 6, about 7, about 8, or about 9 for a concentration of about 20 wt % of the lignin-based compound at about 25° C.
  • the lignin-based compound has a negative zeta potential.
  • the zeta potential of the lignin-based compound can be from about ⁇ 5 to about ⁇ 100 mV, from about ⁇ 30 to about ⁇ 100 mV, from about ⁇ 40 to about ⁇ 80 mV, or from about ⁇ 50 to about ⁇ 80 mV. In some aspects, the zeta potential of the lignin-based compound can be from about ⁇ 60 to about ⁇ 75 mV.
  • the lignin-based compound can have a particle size less than about 10 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the particle size of the lignin-based compound is less than about 500 nm. The particle size of the lignin-based compound can be determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), for example.
  • TEM transmission electron microscopy
  • the lignin-based compound is free of pulp. In some aspects, the lignin-based compound is not associated with pulp fibers prior to addition to the pulp slurry. In some aspects, the lignin-based compound is free of cellulose. In some aspects, the lignin-based compound is not associated with cellulose prior to addition to the pulp slurry. In some aspects, adding a lignin-based compound to a pulp slurry does not include adding pulp containing lignin to a pulp slurry. In some aspects, the lignin-based compound does not include lignosulfonates.
  • Examples of commercially available lignin-based compounds include, but are not limited to, METNINTM SHIELD.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the lignin-based compound is less than about 100,000 g/mol. In some aspects, the weight average molecular weight ranges from about 1,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol.
  • the weight average molecular weight may be from about 10,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 20,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 30,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 40,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 50,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 60,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 70,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, from about 80,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol or from about 90,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol.
  • the dosage of the lignin-based compound can be selected to achieve an increase in paper strength.
  • the lignin-based compound can be added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 10 lb/ton to about 100 lb/ton.
  • the amount of lignin-based compound added to the pulp slurry is about 20 lb/ton to about 80 lb/ton.
  • the amount of lignin-based compound added to the pulp slurry is about 20 lb/ton, about 30 lb/ton, about 40 Ib/ton, about 50 lb/ton, about 60 lb/ton, about 70 lb/ton, or about 80 lb/ton.
  • the cationic polymers can include other non-ionic co-monomers such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-vinylamine, N-vinylmethylacetamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, N-t-butylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, similar monomers, and combinations thereof.
  • the non-ionic co-monomer is acrylamide or methacrylamide.
  • Representative cationic co-monomers may include, for example, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates and their quaternary or acid salts, including, but not limited to, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt (“DMAEA-MCQ”), dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl sulfate quaternary salt, dimethyaminoethyl acrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate sulfuric acid salt, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate hydrochloric acid salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl sulfate quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate sulfur
  • the cationic monomers are one or more selected from the group consisting of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), N-vinylamine, 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA), N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, diallylamine, poly (amidoamine), and polyethylenimine.
  • DMDMAC diallyldimethylammonium chloride
  • N-vinylamine N-vinylamine
  • 2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate DMDMAC
  • N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride diallylamine
  • diallylamine poly (amidoamine)
  • polyethylenimine polyethylenimine
  • the amine-containing polymers used in accordance with this disclosure may take the form of water-in-oil emulsions, dry powders, dispersions, or aqueous solutions.
  • the amine-containing polymers may be prepared via free radical polymerization techniques in water using free radical initiation.
  • the amine-containing polymer is a copolymer formed by diallylamine/substituted diallylamine and (meth) acrylamide, such as a diallylamine-(meth) acrylamide copolymer (“DAA/AcAm”).
  • DAA/AcAm diallylamine-(meth) acrylamide copolymer
  • the mole percentage of cationic monomers (e.g., diallylamine) in the cationic polymer, such as diallylamine-(meth) acrylamide copolymer can be within a range of about 1 to about 99%.
  • the amine-containing polymer may be primarily made up of amine-based monomers, i.e., may comprise more amine-based monomer units than other co-monomer units, such as (meth) acrylamide.
  • the mole percentage of amine-based monomers in the amine-containing polymer may be from about 10% to about 80%, about 15% to about 60% or about 18% to about 40%.
  • the amine-containing polymers of the present disclosure are not obtained from Hoffmann degradation and contain no polyethylene amine units.
  • the cationic polymer is crosslinked epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine, poly (amidoamine), or polyethylenimine.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the cationic polymer can range from about 50,000 Da to about 2,000,000 Da. In some aspects, the weight average molecular weight ranges from about 50,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da. For example, the weight average molecular weight may range from about 50,000 Da to about 900,000 Da, from about 50,000 Da to about 800,000 Da, from about 50,000 Da to about 700,000 Da, from about 50,000 Da to about 600,000 Da, from about 50,000 Da to about 500,000 Da, from about 100,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, from about 200,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, from about 300,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, from about 400,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da, from about 500,000 Da to about 1,000,000 Da or from about 500,000 Da to about 700,000 Da. In some aspects, the weight average molecular weight is about 1,000,000 Da.
  • the charge density of the cationic polymer measured in milliequivalent (meq) per gram (g), can range from about 0.1 meq/g to about 15 meq/g. In some aspects, the charge density of the cationic polymer can range from about 0.5 meq/g to about 10 meq/g. In some aspects, the charge density of the cationic polymer can range from about 1.0 meq/g to about 10 meq/g.
  • the charge density of the cationic polymer is about 1.0 meq/g, about 2.0 meq/g, about 3.0 meq/g, about 4.0 meq/g, about 4.5 meq/g, about 5.0 meq/g, about 6.0 meq/g, about 7.0 meq/g, about 8.0 meq/g, or about 9.0 meq/g.
  • the dosage of the cationic polymer can be selected to achieve an increase in paper strength.
  • the cationic polymer can be added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 1 lb/ton to about 30 lb/ton.
  • the cationic polymer can be added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 1 lb/ton to about 20 lb/ton.
  • the cationic polymer can be added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 5 lb/ton to about 20 lb/ton.
  • the cationic polymer can be added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 6 lb/ton to about 18 lb/ton.
  • the cationic polymer can be added to the pulp slurry in an amount ranging from about 8 lb/ton to about 18 lb/ton.
  • the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer can be added to the pulp slurry separately or simultaneously. When added simultaneously, the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer can be added independently or as part of a single composition.
  • the feeding manner of the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer includes, but is not limited to, adding the components separately into the pulp slurry in any sequence, or adding into the pulp slurry after premixing the components or co-feeding the components into the pulp slurry.
  • the lignin-based compound is added to the pulp slurry before the cationic polymer is added.
  • the lignin-based compound is added to the pulp slurry after the cationic polymer is added.
  • the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer are added to the pulp slurry at a different locations in the wet end.
  • wet end of a papermaking process refers to those parts that involve a slurry of fibers.
  • the wet end does not include portions of the papermaking process commonly referred to as the “dry end” where pulp is formed into paper sheets and dried.
  • the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer are added to the pulp slurry in a wet end of a papermaking process.
  • Specific locations or unit operations in the wet end include, but are not limited to, a whitewater system, pulp stock storage chest, blend chest, machine chest, headbox, or saveall chest.
  • a composition in some aspects, includes a lignin-based compound as described herein and a cationic polymer as described herein. In some aspects, the composition can consist essentially of the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer.
  • a basic and novel characteristic of the combination of the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer is the unexpected increase in paper strength seen when the compounds are added to the paper slurry in the wet end. Examples of how paper strength can be measure are provided in the examples.
  • the composition consists of the lignin-based compound and the cationic polymer. In some aspects, the composition consists of the lignin-based compound, the cationic polymer, and a solvent.
  • the solvent can be water, for example.
  • a lignin-based compound was dosed at about 20, about 40, and about 80 Ib/ton actives and a polyDADMAC polymer (about 5.1 meq/g; weight average MW about 5,000 to about 500,000 g/mol) was dosed at about 4.5, about 8.5 and about 17 Ib/ton active. Enough polyDADMAC polymer was added to achieve a net cationic system charge. The polyDADMAC polymer was added first followed by the lignin-based compound to a 0.9 wt % solution of fiber (recycled board) in water. Each component was allowed to mix for about 10 seconds in the fiber slurry before mixing was stopped and a handsheet was made. The handsheets were conditioned at about 23° C.
  • the lignin-based compound tested in these examples had a zeta potential at a pH of about 7.6 of about ⁇ 66.6 mV, a zeta potential at a pH of about 9.6 of about ⁇ 66.8 mV, a particle size of about 9.9 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering, and a pH, in neat form, of about 9.2.
  • EPI-DMA polymer (about 4.3 meq/g; weight average MW about 500,000 to about 700,000 Da; cationic polymer 2) was compared to the polyDADMAC polymer (cationic polymer 1).
  • the dosage of lignin-based compound was fixed at about 80 lb/ton active.
  • the dosage of cationic polymer 1 ranged from about 6.25, about 12.50, about 18.75, and about 25.00 lb/ton active, while the dosage of cationic polymer 2 was set to about 7.48, about 14.95, about 22.43, and about 29.90 lb/ton active.
  • PVAM high-charge low-molecular weight polyvinylamine
  • Table 3 The properties of this polymer are shown in Table 3.
  • the dosage of the PVAM polymer was set to about 18 lb/ton actives to maintain a total system charge of about +0.25 meq.
  • the strength performance results are presented in Table 4. These data show that the PVAM/lignin-based compound combination can improve strength by over about 30% from the baseline. This is a significant result, in that typical strength aids can usually provide a 10-15% strength increase.
  • lignin-based compound can be retained on the fiber surface using the appropriate retention system using polymers with cationic charge density and molecular weight lower than the average of the commercial strength aids.
  • lignin typically regarded as a waste component of cellulose, can be used in the wet end of the paper machine to generate significant levels of strength, double that of a typical wet end strength aid.
  • compositions and methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein specific preferred embodiments of the invention. The present disclosure is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments illustrated. In addition, unless expressly stated to the contrary, use of the term “a” is intended to include “at least one” or “one or more.” For example, “a polymer” is intended to include “at least one polymer” or “one or more polymers.”
  • composition disclosed herein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of any element, component and/or ingredient disclosed herein or any combination of two or more of the elements, components or ingredients disclosed herein.
  • Any method disclosed herein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of any method step disclosed herein or any combination of two or more of the method steps disclosed herein.
  • the term “about” refers to the cited value being within the errors arising from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements, and if those errors cannot be determined, then “about” may refer to, for example, within 5% of the cited value.

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