US20230383413A1 - Workpiece Plating Treatment Method and Workpiece Manufacturing Method - Google Patents
Workpiece Plating Treatment Method and Workpiece Manufacturing Method Download PDFInfo
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- US20230383413A1 US20230383413A1 US18/322,772 US202318322772A US2023383413A1 US 20230383413 A1 US20230383413 A1 US 20230383413A1 US 202318322772 A US202318322772 A US 202318322772A US 2023383413 A1 US2023383413 A1 US 2023383413A1
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- polishing
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
- C25D5/505—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment of electroplated tin coatings, e.g. by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/52—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by brightening or burnishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a workpiece plating treatment method and a workpiece manufacturing method.
- low melting point metal plating such as tin, indium, bismuth, and lead plating
- precious metals such as gold and platinum
- press fit applications are increasingly replacing complex welding.
- the insertion force of crimping is too large, which can lead to two problems.
- the first problem is the difficulty of assembly and insertion, and excessive damage to the tin plating layer at both ends of the mating.
- the second problem is that insertion damage can exacerbate the growth of tin whiskers in the tin plating layer, which can lead to a short circuit between adjacent terminals or PCB lines.
- reflow tin melting technology was applied.
- the principle is that the tin plating layer is cooled and recrystallized after melting, and an intermetallic compound is formed between the freely molten tin and the base layer or intermediate plating layer.
- the hardness increases, the wear resistance decreases, the surface roughness decreases, and the friction coefficient decreases.
- the internal stress of the tin plating layer is released after remelting, further reducing the risk of tin whiskers.
- the common methods for reflow tin melting are to use electric furnace resistance wires to melt tin plating, infrared thermal radiation baking to melt tin plating, or inductive heating to melt tin plating.
- the first reason is that the tin plating workpiece before reflow melting can be oxidized and contaminated through multiple processes such as assembly. Even if the fresh tin plating just obtained from the electroplating production line is subjected to drying and other processes, the tin plating surface is more or less oxidized, and the melting point of tin oxide is as high as 1630° C., while the melting point of tin is only 232° C. Therefore, during the reflow melting tin plating process, the inclusion of tin oxide can cause uneven wetting and asynchronous melting, resulting in shrinkage, porous bulging, and other problems.
- the second reason is that, during the reflow melting tin plating process, the molten tin interface reacts with oxygen in the air at high temperatures to generate tin oxide, which affects the contact resistance and friction coefficient during subsequent use.
- inert gases such as nitrogen or argon are commonly used in the industry for protection, many non-hermetic processes are not suitable for the extensive use of inert gases.
- different parts of the tin plating surface have different heat absorption rates, which can also lead to asynchronous melting, cooling, and recrystallization, and also lead to shrinkage, porous bulges, and other issues.
- the second reason is typically the focus, while the first reason is less commonly considered.
- the experimental results show that the harm of the first cause is far greater than that of the second cause.
- Even using precise laser melting cannot eliminate the adverse effects caused by the first cause.
- the industry often misjudges the defects caused by the first cause as improper settings of melting equipment and parameters such as temperature curves. Engineers have made significant improvements in equipment and operating parameters.
- the uneven and unstable melting of tin plating that has plagued the industry has not been solved.
- a workpiece plating treatment method includes the steps of cleaning an outer surface of an outer plating layer of a workpiece to remove a plurality of oxides and dirt on the outer surface of the outer plating layer, and reflow melting the outer plating layer of the workpiece using a reflow melting device after the cleaning.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a workpiece according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of water shrinking into water droplets on the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece before the outer surface of the outer plating layer is cleaned;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of evenly spreading water onto the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece to form a uniform water film after cleaning the outer surface of the outer plating layer;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of forming a protective film on the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a workpiece according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of forming a protective film on the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece shown in FIG. 5 .
- a workpiece 100 includes a substrate 10 and an outer plating layer 11 formed on the surface of the substrate 10 .
- a method for processing the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 shown in FIG. 1 will be described below. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:
- step S 200 after step S 100 , the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 is reflow melted using a reflow melting device.
- FIG. 2 is an illustrative view of water shrinking into water droplets 1 on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 before the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 is subjected to cleaning treatment.
- FIG. 3 is an illustrative view in which water is evenly spread onto the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 to form a uniform water film 2 after cleaning treatment.
- the moisture content of the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 will be increased, so that water can be evenly spread on the surface of the workpiece 100 .
- the molten outer plating material will also uniformly flow and lay evenly on the surface of the workpiece 100 , avoiding the problems of shrinkage, porosity, and bulging of the molten outer plating material, improving the uniformity and stability of the outer plating layer 11 during reflow melting.
- oxides and dirt on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 can be removed using, for example, plasma, laser, flux, or any combination of the three to increase the moisture content of the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 .
- the reflow melting device used in the step S 200 can include at least one of a resistance wire melting furnace, an infrared radiation melting furnace, an inductance melting furnace, and a laser melting furnace.
- the aforementioned workpiece plating treatment method further comprises a step of:
- step S 300 After step S 200 , the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 is polished to flatten the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 .
- the workpiece 100 in the step S 300 , can be immersed in an optical polishing liquid to perform a chemical polishing treatment on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 .
- the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 can be physically polished using a physical polishing device.
- the physical polishing device may include a sandblasting polishing device, a cloth wheel polishing device, or a plasma polishing device.
- a physical chemical mixing polishing device can be used to perform a physical chemical mixing polishing treatment on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 .
- FIG. 4 is an illustrative view of forming a protective film 12 on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece shown in FIG. 1 .
- the aforementioned workpiece plating treatment method also includes a step of:
- step S 400 After step S 300 , a protective film 12 is formed on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 .
- the protective film 12 may include at least one of a passivation protective film, a lubricating oil protective film, and a nano organic protective film.
- the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 can be passivated to form a passivation protective film on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 .
- the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 can be lubricated to form a protective film of lubricating oil on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 .
- the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 can be sputtered to form a layer of nano organic protective film on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 .
- a workpiece manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
- the aforementioned step S 10 includes:
- the outer plating layer 11 can be formed on the surface of the substrate 10 by an electroplating process or an electroless plating process.
- FIG. 5 is an illustrative view of a workpiece 100 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an illustrative view of forming a protective film 12 on the outer surface of the outer plating layer 11 of the workpiece 100 shown in FIG. 5 .
- step S 10 further comprises a step of:
- step 13 at least one intermediate plating layer 13 is formed on the substrate 10 .
- the substrate 10 of the workpiece 100 may be a copper substrate, a steel substrate, or other suitable conductive substrate.
- the aforementioned at least one intermediate layer 13 may include a nickel-plating layer and/or other suitable plating layer.
- the outer plating layer 11 on the workpiece 100 may be a tin plating layer, an indium plating layer, a bismuth plating layer, a lead plating layer, or other suitable metal or alloy plating layer.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of the filing date under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a)-(d) of Chinese Patent Application No. 202210570367.1, filed on May 24, 2022.
- The present invention relates to a workpiece plating treatment method and a workpiece manufacturing method.
- Although the electrical conductivity of low melting point metal plating such as tin, indium, bismuth, and lead plating is not as good as that of precious metals such as gold and platinum, they also rank among the top of most metals, especially tin plating, which is widely used in the welding and crimping of electronic connectors and their mating ends, such as PCB s, due to its low melting point, good ductility, and low price. With the rapid development of press fit technology, as well as the increasing demand for connector robustness in mobile applications such as automotive applications, press fit applications are increasingly replacing complex welding. However, in order to maintain sufficient crimping retention force (pull-out force) to prevent the connection from loosening due to vibration and maintain a sufficiently low contact resistance, the insertion force of crimping is too large, which can lead to two problems. The first problem is the difficulty of assembly and insertion, and excessive damage to the tin plating layer at both ends of the mating. The second problem is that insertion damage can exacerbate the growth of tin whiskers in the tin plating layer, which can lead to a short circuit between adjacent terminals or PCB lines.
- In order to solve the above problems, reflow tin melting technology was applied. The principle is that the tin plating layer is cooled and recrystallized after melting, and an intermetallic compound is formed between the freely molten tin and the base layer or intermediate plating layer. The hardness increases, the wear resistance decreases, the surface roughness decreases, and the friction coefficient decreases. Under the same pressing force, the insertion force decreases (insertion force=friction coefficient*positive pressure). At the same time, the internal stress of the tin plating layer is released after remelting, further reducing the risk of tin whiskers. Currently, the common methods for reflow tin melting are to use electric furnace resistance wires to melt tin plating, infrared thermal radiation baking to melt tin plating, or inductive heating to melt tin plating.
- However, in prior art, no matter which method is used to reflow melt tin plating, the problem of uneven melting of tin plating cannot be solved. There are two main reasons for this problem:
- The first reason is that the tin plating workpiece before reflow melting can be oxidized and contaminated through multiple processes such as assembly. Even if the fresh tin plating just obtained from the electroplating production line is subjected to drying and other processes, the tin plating surface is more or less oxidized, and the melting point of tin oxide is as high as 1630° C., while the melting point of tin is only 232° C. Therefore, during the reflow melting tin plating process, the inclusion of tin oxide can cause uneven wetting and asynchronous melting, resulting in shrinkage, porous bulging, and other problems.
- The second reason is that, during the reflow melting tin plating process, the molten tin interface reacts with oxygen in the air at high temperatures to generate tin oxide, which affects the contact resistance and friction coefficient during subsequent use. Although inert gases such as nitrogen or argon are commonly used in the industry for protection, many non-hermetic processes are not suitable for the extensive use of inert gases. At the same time, due to the limitations of product structure, different parts of the tin plating surface have different heat absorption rates, which can also lead to asynchronous melting, cooling, and recrystallization, and also lead to shrinkage, porous bulges, and other issues.
- Of the above two reasons, the second reason is typically the focus, while the first reason is less commonly considered. However, the experimental results show that the harm of the first cause is far greater than that of the second cause. Even using precise laser melting cannot eliminate the adverse effects caused by the first cause. The industry often misjudges the defects caused by the first cause as improper settings of melting equipment and parameters such as temperature curves. Engineers have made significant improvements in equipment and operating parameters. However, the uneven and unstable melting of tin plating that has plagued the industry has not been solved.
- A workpiece plating treatment method includes the steps of cleaning an outer surface of an outer plating layer of a workpiece to remove a plurality of oxides and dirt on the outer surface of the outer plating layer, and reflow melting the outer plating layer of the workpiece using a reflow melting device after the cleaning.
- Features of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a workpiece according to an embodiment; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of water shrinking into water droplets on the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece before the outer surface of the outer plating layer is cleaned; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of evenly spreading water onto the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece to form a uniform water film after cleaning the outer surface of the outer plating layer; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of forming a protective film on the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a workpiece according to another embodiment; and -
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of forming a protective film on the outer surface of the outer plating layer of the workpiece shown inFIG. 5 . - Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described hereinafter in detail with reference to the attached drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will convey the concept of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
- In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are schematically shown in order to simplify the drawing.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , in the illustrated embodiment, aworkpiece 100 includes asubstrate 10 and anouter plating layer 11 formed on the surface of thesubstrate 10. A method for processing theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 shown inFIG. 1 will be described below. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps: - S100: cleaning an outer surface of the
outer plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 to remove oxides and dirt on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11; and - S200: after step S100, the
outer plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 is reflow melted using a reflow melting device. -
FIG. 2 is an illustrative view of water shrinking into water droplets 1 on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 before the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 is subjected to cleaning treatment.FIG. 3 is an illustrative view in which water is evenly spread onto the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 to form auniform water film 2 after cleaning treatment. - As shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3 , in the illustrated embodiment, after cleaning the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100, the moisture content of the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 will be increased, so that water can be evenly spread on the surface of theworkpiece 100. Similarly, when performing reflow melting treatment on theouter plating 11 of theworkpiece 100 using a reflow melting device, the molten outer plating material will also uniformly flow and lay evenly on the surface of theworkpiece 100, avoiding the problems of shrinkage, porosity, and bulging of the molten outer plating material, improving the uniformity and stability of theouter plating layer 11 during reflow melting. In the step S100, oxides and dirt on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 can be removed using, for example, plasma, laser, flux, or any combination of the three to increase the moisture content of the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11. - In various embodiments, the reflow melting device used in the step S200 can include at least one of a resistance wire melting furnace, an infrared radiation melting furnace, an inductance melting furnace, and a laser melting furnace.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned workpiece plating treatment method further comprises a step of: - S300: After step S200, the outer surface of the
outer plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 is polished to flatten the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11. - In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the step S300, for example, the
workpiece 100 can be immersed in an optical polishing liquid to perform a chemical polishing treatment on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100. In another embodiment, in the step S300, for example, the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 can be physically polished using a physical polishing device. The physical polishing device may include a sandblasting polishing device, a cloth wheel polishing device, or a plasma polishing device. In the step S300, a physical chemical mixing polishing device can be used to perform a physical chemical mixing polishing treatment on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100. -
FIG. 4 is an illustrative view of forming aprotective film 12 on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of the workpiece shown inFIG. 1 . As shown inFIGS. 1 and 4 , in the illustrated embodiment, the aforementioned workpiece plating treatment method also includes a step of: - S400: After step S300, a
protective film 12 is formed on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100. - In the step S400, the
protective film 12 may include at least one of a passivation protective film, a lubricating oil protective film, and a nano organic protective film. In the step S400, the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 can be passivated to form a passivation protective film on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11. In the step S400, the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 can be lubricated to form a protective film of lubricating oil on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11. In an embodiment, in the step S400, the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 can be sputtered to form a layer of nano organic protective film on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11. - In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a workpiece manufacturing method is also disclosed, comprising the following steps:
- S10: providing a
workpiece 100 with anouter plating layer 11; and - S20: using the aforementioned workpiece plating treatment method to treat the
outer plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100. - The aforementioned step S10 includes:
- S11: providing
substrate 10; and - S13: forming an
outer plating layer 11 on thesubstrate 10. - In various embodiments, the
outer plating layer 11 can be formed on the surface of thesubstrate 10 by an electroplating process or an electroless plating process. -
FIG. 5 is an illustrative view of aworkpiece 100 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 6 is an illustrative view of forming aprotective film 12 on the outer surface of theouter plating layer 11 of theworkpiece 100 shown inFIG. 5 . - In the embodiment of
FIGS. 5 and 6 , the aforementioned step S10 further comprises a step of: - S12: Before
step 13, at least oneintermediate plating layer 13 is formed on thesubstrate 10. - In various embodiments, the
substrate 10 of theworkpiece 100 may be a copper substrate, a steel substrate, or other suitable conductive substrate. The aforementioned at least oneintermediate layer 13 may include a nickel-plating layer and/or other suitable plating layer. - In various embodiments, the
outer plating layer 11 on theworkpiece 100 may be a tin plating layer, an indium plating layer, a bismuth plating layer, a lead plating layer, or other suitable metal or alloy plating layer. - It should be appreciated for those skilled in this art that the above embodiments are intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, many modifications may be made to the above embodiments by those skilled in this art, and various features described in different embodiments may be freely combined with each other without conflicting in configuration or principle.
- Although several exemplary embodiments have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the disclosure, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.
- As used herein, an element recited in the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding plural of said elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly stated. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present invention are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Moreover, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, embodiments “comprising” or “having” an element or a plurality of elements having a particular property may include additional such elements not having that property.
Claims (20)
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CN202210570367.1 | 2022-05-24 | ||
CN202210570367.1A CN117144438A (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Workpiece plating processing method and workpiece manufacturing method |
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US18/322,772 Pending US20230383413A1 (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2023-05-24 | Workpiece Plating Treatment Method and Workpiece Manufacturing Method |
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US (1) | US20230383413A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN117144438A (en) |
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