Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
  • A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/261—Alcohols; Phenols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
  • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
  • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
  • C11D2111/20—Industrial or commercial equipment, e.g. reactors, tubes or engines

Definitions

• Antimicrobial compositions must display efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms, yet not present undue danger or risk to those using or encountering them.
• antimicrobial compositions vary according to intended application (e.g., level and scope of lethality) and applicable public health requirements.
• a product considered to be a “sanitizer” should provide a 5-log reduction against several test organisms within 30 seconds at room temperature; see “Germicidal and Detergent Sanitizing Action of Disinfectants, Official Methods of Analysis of the Assn. of Official Analytical Chemists,” 11960.09 and applicable sections, 15th Ed., (1990) (EPA Guideline 91-2).
• compositions intended for use on hard surfaces are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,314,017, 8,940,792 and 8,865,196 (as well as patents and published applications mentioned in its Background section), as well as U.S. Pat. Publ. Nos. 2010/0086576, 2013/0272922, 2013/0079407 and 2016/0073628.
• That which remains desirable is a composition with broad spectrum lethality against both planktonic and biofilm-form microorganisms which is capable of repeated applications to hard surfaces without significant damage and without requiring significant personal protective equipment (PPE) for those using it.
• PPE personal protective equipment
• compositions that are lethal to a broad spectrum of microorganisms and is capable of repeated applications to hard surfaces.
• the composition neither contains nor produces elemental halogen or halogen oxide ions and does not contain more than 0.5% (w/v) quaternary ammonium compounds.
• the composition is acidic but has a pH ⁇ 2.5, preferably pH ⁇ 3, more preferably from ⁇ 3.4 or 3.5 to ⁇ 4.8, and includes solvent and solute components.
• the solvent component includes at least 67% (w/v, relative to the total amount of composition) water and a lesser amount of at least one organic liquid, while the solute component includes a weak acid, a conjugate base of that acid, an electrolyte oxidizing agent, and an ionic surfactant.
• the composition has an effective solute concentration of at least 2.5 Osm/L, typically at least 3 Osm/L and often even higher, e.g., from ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 5.5 Osm/L up to the solubility limit of the solute component in the solvent component.
• the oxidizing electrolyte(s) constitute no more than 2.5% (w/w) of the total amount of the solute component, i.e., the sum of all solute component weights, and typically from about 3 to 3.8 g of the overall composition, on a per liter basis.
• the composition can provide extremely large reductions in the number of living microbes (e.g., bacteria, viruses, etc.), even bacteria in biofilm form, with short dwell times.
• the composition does not require skin protective PPE for those using it.
• the method involves applying an embodiment of the foregoing composition to the surface and permitting the composition sufficient dwell time to kill at least 99.999% of the microbes thereon.
• the surface being treated can be an inanimate surface, particularly a hard surface, and advantageously a hard surface in an industrial facility.
• R 3 is a C 8 -C 18 alkyl group, or any mixture of such compounds
• ⁇ di is the energy from dipolar intermolecular force for solvent component i
• x di is the percentage of solvent component i relative to the total amount of solvent components
• n is the total number of solvent components
• composition is described first in terms of its properties and components, many of which are widely available and relatively inexpensive, and then in terms of certain uses.
• the solvent component of the composition includes a majority of water. Relative to its overall volume, a composition includes at least 67%, often at least 70%, and typically at least 75% (all w/v) water. On a per liter basis, a composition includes from ⁇ 675 to ⁇ 800 mL, commonly from ⁇ 700 to ⁇ 790 mL, more commonly from ⁇ 720 to ⁇ 780 mL, usually from ⁇ 725 to ⁇ 775 mL, typically from ⁇ 740 to ⁇ 770 mL, and most typically 765 ⁇ 10 mL water.
• the water need not be specially treated or purified (e.g., distilled and/or deionized), although preference certainly can be given to water that does not interfere with the intended antimicrobial effect of the composition.
• the solvent component of the composition also includes at least one organic liquid having a ⁇ p value lower than that of water ( ⁇ p ⁇ 16.0 MPa 1/2 ) and preferably significantly lower (e.g., 4 ⁇ 6p ⁇ 12 or 5 ⁇ 6p ⁇ 10), where ⁇ p is the dipolar intermolecular force (polarity) Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP).
• ⁇ p is the dipolar intermolecular force (polarity) Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP).
• HSP Hansen Solubility Parameter
• ⁇ d is the energy from dispersion forces between the molecules
• ⁇ p is defined as above
• ⁇ h is the energy from hydrogen bonds between molecules.
• RED Relative Energy Difference
• the organic liquid(s) often is/are present at concentrations of 5 to 20%, commonly 7 to 18%, more commonly 8 to 17%, even more commonly 9 to 16%, and typically 10 to 15% (all w/v, based on total volume of solvent component).
• the ⁇ p value of the overall solvent component generally is less than no more than 15.5, no more than 15.4, no more than 15.3, no more than 15.2, no more than or no more than 15.0 MPa 1/2 .
• the ⁇ p value of the overall solvent component can range from 13.5 to 15.5 MPa 1/2 , from 13.7 to 15.3 MPa 1/2 , from 13.9 to 15.1 MPa 1/2 , and from 14.0 to 15.0 MPa 1/2 .
• the amount of a given organic liquid (or mixture of organic liquids) to be added to water can be calculated using formula (II) if a targeted ⁇ p value is known.
• a projected ⁇ p value can be calculated using formula (II) if the amount of organic liquid(s) and their individual ⁇ p values are known.
• the solvent component can consist of, or consist essentially of, only water and one or more organic liquids, with preference being given to mixtures of species of the same genus of organic liquids, e.g., two ketones or two alcohols rather than one ketone and one alcohol.
• the solvent component can consist of, or consist essentially of, water and one organic liquid, preferably one having a ⁇ p value less than 10 MPa 1/2 .
• the solvent component can consist of, or consist essentially of, water and two or more organic liquids, with the resulting solvent component having ⁇ p value that can be calculated using formula (II); again, preference is given to mixtures of species of the same genus of organic liquids, e.g., two ethers or two alcohols rather than one ether and one alcohol.
• organic liquids that can be employed in the solvent component, those which are miscible with one another and/or water are preferred.
• organic liquids that can be employed in the solvent component, those which are miscible with one another and/or water are preferred.
• potentially useful organic liquids include ketones such as acetone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone and chloroacetone; acetates such as amyl acetate, ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; (meth)acrylates and derivatives such as acrylamide, lauryl methacrylate and acrylonitrile; aryl compounds such as benzene, chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, xylene, aniline and phenol; aliphatic alkanes such as pentane, isopentane, hexane, heptane and decane; halogenated alkanes such as chloroform, methylene dichloride
• organic liquids for use in the solvent component of the composition, possible considerations include avoiding those which contain a functional group that will react with the acid(s) and optionally, salt(s) employed in the composition and favoring those which possess higher regulatory pre-approval limits.
• Preferred organic liquids include ethers and alcohols due to their low tissue toxicity and environmental friendliness. These can be added at concentrations up to the solubility limit of the other ingredients in the composition.
• Ether-based liquids that can be used in the solvent component include those defined by the following general formula
• x is an integer of from 0 to 20 (optionally including, where 2 ⁇ x ⁇ 20, one or more points of ethylenic unsaturation), y is 0 or 1, z is an integer of from 1 to 4, R 2 is a C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkylene group, le is a methyl, isopropyl or phenyl group, and Z is a hydroxyl or methoxy group.
• Non-limiting examples of glycol ethers (formula (IV) compounds where Z is OH) that can be used in the solvent component are set forth below in Table 1.
• Cyclic and C 1 -C 16 acyclic (both linear and branched, both saturated and unsaturated) alcohols optionally including one or more points of ethylenic unsaturation and/or one or more heteroatoms other than the alcohol oxygen such as a halogen atom, an amine nitrogen, and the like, can be employed as an organic liquid in the solvent component of the composition.
• Nonlimiting examples of representative examples are compiled in the following table.
• a preferred solvent component is one which includes only water and C 2 -C 4 acyclic alcohol(s) in a weight ratio of from ⁇ 7:1 to ⁇ 9:1.
• Such a solvent component can be obtained by mixing ⁇ 725 to ⁇ 800 g, preferably ⁇ 750 to ⁇ 775 g, water with ⁇ 90 to ⁇ 120 g, preferably ⁇ 95 to ⁇ 115 g alcohol(s).
• An embodiment of this type of preferred solvent component includes 765 ⁇ 10 g water and 100 ⁇ 5 g 2-propanol.
• a solvent component of the type just described has a ⁇ p value of from 14.2 to 15.2 MPa 1/2 , typically from 14.4 to 15.1 MPa 1/2 , preferably from 14.6 to 15.0 MPa 1/2 , and more preferably 14.85 ⁇ 0.12 MPa′.
• the solvent component acts to solvate staining compounds, lift dirt, etc., but also to carry the aforementioned solute component, the sub-components of which are described below.
• the composition is acidic, which means that at least one of the sub-components of the solute component must be an acid, preferably one or more weak acids (i.e., carboxylic acids).
• Examples of potentially useful weak acids include monoprotic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and substituted variants (e.g., hydroxyacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, and the like), propanoic acid and substituted variants (e.g., lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and the like), any of a variety of benzoic acids (e.g., mandelic acid, chloromandelic acid, salicylic acid, and the like), glucuronic acid, and the like; diprotic acids such as oxalic acid and substituted variants (e.g., oxamic acid), butanedioic acid and substituted variants (e.g., malic acid, aspartic acid, tartaric acid, citramalic acid, and the like), pentanedioic acid and substituted variants (e.g., glutamic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, and the like), hexaned
• exemplary acids smaller molecules are preferred over those which are larger, and those acids which can provide an oxidizing acid by reaction with an electrolyte oxidizing agent (discussed below) are highly preferred.
• One weak acid which meets both of these criteria is acetic acid, which reversibly forms peracetic acid when exposed to certain electrolyte oxidizing agents.
• Other organic oxidizing acids include peroxalic acid and diperoxalic acid.
• Preferred acids are those which have relatively high pK a values (i.e., are not considered to be particularly strong acids). This permits production of a composition that has a pH value that is not too low, i.e., below ⁇ 2.5, preferably not below ⁇ 2.7, more preferably not below ⁇ 2.9, and most preferably not below ⁇ 3, so that the composition can be used without extreme protective measures by those charged with handling and applying them to surfaces and/or destroying components of articles to be treated.
• Preferred pK a values are greater than ⁇ 1, greater than ⁇ 1.5, greater than ⁇ 2, greater than ⁇ 2.5, greater than ⁇ 3, greater than ⁇ 3.5, greater than ⁇ 4, greater than ⁇ 4.5, greater than ⁇ 5, and even greater than ⁇ 5.5. Acids with lower pK a values can be used if steps are taken to ensure compliance with required or desired properties of the composition such as pH range (discussed above) and effective solute concentration (discussed below).
• the amount of any given acid employed can be determined from the target pH of the composition and the pK a value(s) of the chosen acids in view of the type and amounts of compound(s), if any, utilized to achieve the desired effective solute concentration in the composition.
• the solute component also includes a conjugate base of at least one of the foregoing weak acids.
• a conjugate base of the particular acid employed is preferable.
• the identity of the countercation portion of the conjugate base (i.e., salt) is not particularly critical, with common examples including ammonium ions and alkali metal ions; accordingly, where a particular conjugate base is set forth herein (e.g., sodium acetate), this is to be read as inclusive of other acetates unless a contrary indication is specifically mentioned.
• H atoms of the carboxyl groups can be replaced with cationic atoms or groups, which can be the same or different.
• mono-, di- and trisodium citrate all constitute potentially useful buffer precursors, whether used in conjunction with citric acid or another organic acid.
• trisodium citrate has three available basic sites, it has a theoretical buffering capacity up to 50% greater than that of disodium citrate (which has two such sites) and up to 200% greater than that of sodium citrate (which has only one such site).
• the amount of conjugate base(s) can be determined based on the desired composition pH and effective solute concentration.
• the composition has a pH of no more than 5, and certain embodiments can have a pH of no more than 4.8, 4.6, 4.4 or even 4.2. Similarly, it has a pH of at least 2.5, generally at least 2.8, typically at least 3.1, and most typically at least 3.4. Ranges of pH values employing each of the lower limits in combination with each of the upper limits are envisioned.
• Embodiments of the composition can exhibit pH values of 3.75 ⁇ 1, 3.8 ⁇ 0.7, 3.85 ⁇ 0.6, 3.9 ⁇ 0.5, 3.95 ⁇ 0.4, and 4 ⁇ 0.25.
• Many weak acids and conjugate bases of weak acids can be obtained in either anhydrous form or including varying amounts of water of hydration.
• the presence of water of hydration in such materials is immaterial to their utility as sub-components of the solute component. If a given solute sub-component is not provided in anhydrous form, the water of hydration merely must be subtracted when calculating the number of osmoles provided by that given material.
• trisodium citrate is intended to be inclusive of both anhydrous trisodium citrate and all hydrated forms, e.g., trisodium citrate dihydrate.
• oxidizing acids are not particularly stable in aqueous solutions. Accordingly, providing a composition with an oxidizing acid prepared in vitro can be advantageous.
• a solvent component of a composition can be provided acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide which, when contacted, reversibly form peracetic acid.
• an electrolyte oxidizing agent that does not contain any active hydrogen atoms when subjected to a Zerewitinoff determination.
• electrolyte oxidizing agents include compounds which include anions such as manganate, permanganate, peroxochromate, chromate, dichromate, peroxymonosulfate, and the like.
• compositions formulated to have a given pH might require adjustment after addition of the oxidizing agent(s).
• electrolytes which include peroxymonosulfate (CAS 70693-62-8) as an anion.
• a conveniently available form is OxoneTM triple salt (KHSO 5 ⁇ 0.5 KHSO 4 ⁇ 0.5 K 2 SO 4 ), available from Lanxess (Pittsburgh Pennsylvania).
• electrolyte oxidizing agents generally can be added at up to their individual solubility limits, keeping the total amount included well below their solubility limits can positively impact the usage safety characteristics of the final composition.
• the maximum amount generally is on the order of 10 g per liter of total composition, with exemplary ranges being ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 8 g/L, ⁇ 2.2 to ⁇ 7 g/L, ⁇ 2.4 to ⁇ 6 g/L, ⁇ 2.5 to ⁇ 5 g/L, ⁇ 2.6 to ⁇ 4.5 g/L, ⁇ 2.7 to ⁇ 4.2 g/L, ⁇ 2.8 to ⁇ 4 g/L, ⁇ 2.9 to ⁇ 3.8 g/L, and ⁇ 3.0 to ⁇ 3.6 and exemplary amounts being 3.5 ⁇ 0.4 g/L, 3.4 ⁇ 0.4 g/L, and 3.35 ⁇ 0.25 g/L.
• the solute component also includes one or more wetting agents which include, but are not limited to, surfactants.
• wetting agents include, but are not limited to, surfactants.
• surfactants any material having surface active properties in water can be employed, although those surface active agents that bear some type of ionic charge are expected to have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy because such charges, when brought into contact with a bacteria, are believed to lead to more effective bacterial membrane disruption and, ultimately, to cell leakage and lysis.
• Polar surfactants generally are more efficacious than non-polar surfactants, with ionic surfactants being most effective.
• anionic surfactants generally are the most effective, followed by zwitterionic and cationic surfactants, with smaller molecules generally being preferred over larger ones.
• the size of side-groups attached to the polar head can influence the efficacy of ionic surfactants, with larger sized-groups and more side-groups on the polar head potentially decreasing the efficacy of surfactants.
• anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, potassium laurylsulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt, lithium dodecyl sulfate, 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt, sodium cholate hydrate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, also called sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)),
• CPC cetylpyridinium chloride
• benzethonium chloride 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
• dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride cetrimonium bromide
• dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
• benzalkonium chloride BZK
• Nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, sodium polyoxyethylene glycol dodecyl ether, N-decanoyl-N-methylglucamine, digitonin, n-dodecyl BD-maltoside, octyl ⁇ -D-glucopyranoside, octylphenol ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene (8) isooctyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate, 3-(decyldimethylammonio) propanesulfonate inner salt, and N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfon
• Potentially useful zwitterionic surfactants include sulfonates (e.g. 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate), sultaines (e.g. cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine), betaines (e.g. cocamidopropyl betaine), and phosphates (e.g. lecithin).
• sulfonates e.g. 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
• sultaines e.g. cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine
• betaines e.g. cocamidopropyl betaine
• phosphates e.g. lecithin
• the amount(s) of wetting agent(s) to be included is limited to some extent by the target effective solute concentration and compatibility with other subcomponents of the solute component of the composition.
• the total amount of wetting agent present in the composition can range from ⁇ 0.08 to ⁇ 0.25%, typically 0.15 ⁇ 0.05% (all w/v).
• the majority preferably is an ionic surfactant, with the ratio of ionic-to-nonionic surfactant generally ranging from ⁇ 2:1 to ⁇ 10:1, commonly from ⁇ 5:2 to ⁇ 15:2, and typically from ⁇ 3:1 to ⁇ 7:1.
• a composition should not include surfactant types that are incompatible, e.g., anionic with cationic or zwitterionic with either anionic or cationic.
• the effective solute concentration (osmolarity) preferably is relatively high.
• Effective solute concentration can be calculated using known techniques or, if desired, measured using any of a variety of colligative property measurements such as boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure and lowering of vapor pressure. (Such colligative property measurements must be adjusted to account for the presence of at least one non-aqueous solvent subcomponent. This can be done by replacing the volume of the organic liquid(s) with an equivalent volume of water and then acquiring the measurement on this related composition.)
• solutes ensures the presence of a sufficient amount induce a high osmotic pressure across the cortical membrane, leading to lysis.
• This efficacy is independent of the particular identity or nature of individual compounds of the solute component, although smaller molecules are generally more effective than larger molecules due to solvent capacity (i.e., the ability to (typically) include more small molecules in a given amount of solvent component than an equimolar amount of larger molecules) and ease of transport across cortical membranes.
• acid(s), conjugate base(s) and electrolyte oxidizing agent(s) do not provide a desired effective solute concentration, one or non-oxidizing electrolytes, particularly ionic compounds (salts) can be added; see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,090,882.
• the effective solute concentration of the composition is at least 2.5 Osm/L, generally at least 2.75 Osm/L, often at least 3.0 Osm/L, commonly at least 3.25 Osm/L, more commonly at least 3.5 Osm/L, typically at least 3.75 Osm/L, more typically at least 4 Osm/L.
• the upper limit of effective solute concentration can range as high as 4.5, 4.75, 5.25, 5.5, 5.75, or even 6 Osm/L. Effective solute concentration ranges involving combinations of any of the lower and upper limits set forth in this paragraph also are envisioned.
• the antimicrobial composition can include a variety of inactive ingredients (additives) to make it more amenable for use in a particular end-use application without negatively affecting its efficacy in a substantial manner.
• inactive ingredients include, but are not limited to, fragrances, pigments, dyes, defoamers, foaming agents, abrasives, bleaching agents, preservatives (e.g., antioxidants) and the like.
• composition's efficacy does not require the inclusion of an active antimicrobial agent, but such materials can be included in certain embodiments.
• active antimicrobial additives include aldehydes such as gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde, and o-phthalaldehyde; formaldehyde-generating compounds such as noxythiolin, tauroline, hexamine, urea formaldehydes, imidazolone derivatives, and the like; anilides, particularly triclocarban; biguanides such as chlorhexidine and alexidine, as well as polymeric forms such as poly(hexamethylene biguanide); dicarboximidamides (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted propamidine) and their isethionate salts; halogen atom-containing or releasing compounds such as bleach, C 102 , dichloroisocyanurate salts, tosylchloramide, iodine (and iodo
• a typical manner of making a composition involves adding the solute sub-components, either separately or as an admixture, to the solvent component or to the water sub-component thereof, followed by addition of the organic liquid(s). This addition can be done with the benefit of one or both of stirring and heating of the mixing container.
• a concentrated acid e.g., 1M HCl
• concentrated base e.g., 1M KOH
• compositions ⁇ 1 L volumes
• exemplary compositions ⁇ 1 L volumes according to the present invention which have a pH of ⁇ 4 and an effective solute concentration of ⁇ 4 Osm/L, with amounts being provided in grams.
• a composition according to the present invention is intended to be, and in practice is, aggressively antimicrobial. Its intended usages are in connection with inanimate objects such as, in particular, hard surfaces, particularly (but not exclusively) those commonly found in healthcare and/or industrial, particularly food production, facilities.
• the composition can be applied to inanimate objects, particularly hard surfaces, in a variety of ways including pouring, spraying or misting, via a distribution device (e.g., mop, rag, brush, textile wipe, etc.), and the like.
• the composition can be provided as a free-flowing liquid, as a viscous gel or foam, or at any intermediate viscosity.
• the contact (dwell) time necessary can vary widely depending on the particular composition and its intended end use.
• the dwell time often will be no more than 15 to 30 seconds in some food production facilities (e.g., tables in restaurants), while it can be significantly higher (e.g., 45 to 600 seconds, often 50 to 500 seconds, commonly 55 to 450 seconds, and typically 60 to 420 seconds) in other such facilities such as meat or produce processing, dairy collection or treatment, bottling, etc.
• Embodiments of a composition intended to be applied to hard surfaces can achieve at least a 4, 5 or even 6 log reduction after a contact time of more than 480 seconds, no more than 450 seconds, no more than 420 seconds, no more than 390 seconds, no more than 360 seconds, no more than 330 seconds, no more than 300 seconds, no more than 270 seconds, or even more no more than 240 seconds. All of these are below the 600 seconds limit prescribed in the aforementioned EPA qualification test.
• compositions may be able to be classified as high level disinfectants or even as sterilants.
• Compositions which qualify as a disinfectant, high level disinfectant or even sterilant have particular utility in both healthcare and food production settings.
• composition After the composition has been allowed to contact a given object or surface for an appropriate time (in view of factors such as expected bacterial load, type of bacteria potentially present, importance of the object/surface, etc.), it can be left to evaporate or, preferably, rinsed away with water or a dilute saline solution. This can be done after or in connection with physical movement by an object such as a sponge, cloth, squeegee, etc.
• Embodiment [1] of the present disclosure relates to a composition which provides at least a 99.9999% reduction against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in biofilm forms when tested according to EPA MLB SOP MB-20-03, the composition (1) neither containing nor producing elemental halogen or halogen oxide ions and (2) containing no more than 0.5% (w/v) quaternary ammonium compounds, the composition consisting of
• Embodiment [2] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of Embodiment [1] wherein the solute component is free of quaternary ammonium compounds.
• Embodiment [3] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [2] wherein the solvent component consists of water and one organic liquid having a ⁇ p value of from 5 to 10 MPa 1/2 inclusive.
• Embodiment [4] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of Embodiment [3] wherein the organic liquid is a C 2 -C 4 acyclic alcohol.
• Embodiment [5] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of Embodiment [4] wherein the weight ratio of water-to-alcohol in the solvent component is from about 7:1 to about 9:1.
• Embodiment [6] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [3] to [4] wherein, on a per liter basis, the alcohol is present at 95 to 115 g.
• Embodiment [7] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [6] wherein the at least one ionic surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
• Embodiment [8] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of Embodiment [7] wherein, on a per liter basis, the anionic surfactant is present at 0.8 to 2.5 g.
• Embodiment [9] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [8] wherein the one or more weak acids comprises acetic acid.
• Embodiment [10] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of Embodiment [9] wherein the one or more weak acids is acetic acid.
• Embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [9] to [10] wherein the conjugate base is an alkali metal acetate.
• Embodiment [12] the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [11] wherein the electrolyte oxidizing agent comprises peroxymonosulfate anion.
• Embodiment [13] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [12] wherein, on a per liter basis, the electrolyte oxidizing agent is present at from 3 to 3.8 g.
• Embodiment [14] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [13] wherein the composition has a pH of from 3.1 to 4.5.
• Embodiment [15] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of Embodiment [14] wherein the composition has a pH of from 3.75 to 4.25.
• Embodiment [16] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [15] having a calculated effective solute concentration of from 3.75 to 4.75 Osm/L.
• Embodiment [17] of the present disclosure relates to a composition which provides at least a 99.9999% reduction against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in biofilm forms when tested according to EPA MLB SOP MB-20-03, the composition consisting of, on a per liter basis, 750 to 775 g water, 90 to 110 g 2-propanol, 100 to 120 g acetic acid, 15 to 30 g alkali metal salt of acetic acid, 2.8 to 3.9 g of a compound classified as CAS 70693-62-8, and 1.5 to 2.5 g sodium lauryl sulfate.
• Embodiment [18] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of Embodiment [17] consisting of, on a per liter basis, 755 to 770 g water, 95 to 105 g 2-propanol, 105 to 115 g acetic acid, 20 to 25 g alkali metal salt of acetic acid, 2.9 to 3.7 g of a compound classified as CAS 70693-62-8, 1.6 to 2.1 g sodium lauryl sulfate.
• Embodiment [19] of the present disclosure relates to the composition of any one of Embodiments [17] to [18] wherein the alkali metal salt of acetic acid is sodium acetate.
• the acetate optionally can be anhydrous.
• Embodiment [20] of the present disclosure relates to a method for disinfecting a hard surface comprising applying thereto and removing therefrom the composition of any one of Embodiments [1] to [19], optionally with physical movement involving a cleaning object, e.g., an article or device.
• Efficacy testing involved five replicates of each of three separately but identically prepared lots. Because the EPA requires testing of compositions at their lower control limits, the formula for these three compositions employed roughly 10% fewer of each of the components (other than water) of a formulation falling within the parameters set forth above in Table 3.
• the three tested compositions each included, on a per liter basis, approximately 1.6 g SLS, 95.6 g acetic acid and a proportional amount of an acetate, ⁇ 2.7 g of the electrolyte oxidizing agent, and 83-87 g of 2-propanol.
• the measured pH values for the compositions ranged from 3.9 to 4.0.
• the three lots were compositionally analyzed one month after their date of manufacture and were utilized in the EPA test methodology less than three months after that.
• composition had an LD 50 greater than the test stopping point (5000 mg/kg), meaning that oral ingestion is not deemed to present any significant risk.
• Acute Dermal Toxicity testing for short term acute dermal exposure indicated a single dose LD 50 greater than the test stopping point (5000 mg/kg).
• composition is not considered to be a dermal sensitizer.
• Acute Inhalation Toxicity Testing showed that, for a single acute inhalation exposure to the product, the LC 50 of the product is greater than 2.24 mg/L. This finding means that an individual need not wear a respirator or mask when handling and using the composition.
• Bovine Corneal Opacity Testing resulted in the composition being classified as an EPA Category I and UN GHS Category 1 substance, meaning that users must use safety eyewear to prevent serious eye damage from occurring by direct contact with the eyes.

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• 2021
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