US20230303807A1 - Cellulose composition - Google Patents
Cellulose composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20230303807A1 US20230303807A1 US18/204,417 US202318204417A US2023303807A1 US 20230303807 A1 US20230303807 A1 US 20230303807A1 US 202318204417 A US202318204417 A US 202318204417A US 2023303807 A1 US2023303807 A1 US 2023303807A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose composition
- weight
- biocellulose
- biocelluloses
- present disclosure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229920001340 Microbial cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012173 sealing wax Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-RMPHRYRLSA-N hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-RMPHRYRLSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000032681 Gluconacetobacter Species 0.000 description 5
- 229960000271 arbutin Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-hydroxyphenyl beta-D-alloside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037394 skin elasticity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000589220 Acetobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000590020 Achromobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589158 Agrobacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000588986 Alcaligenes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588914 Enterobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002211 L-ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000069 L-ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000192023 Sarcina Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWVMHGUBIOZASN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-prop-2-enylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](CC=C)=C1 WWVMHGUBIOZASN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVRCRKLLQYOIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-prop-2-enylimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+]=1C=CN(CC=C)C=1 QVRCRKLLQYOIKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000589236 Gluconobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001153 anti-wrinkle effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XQUMHSCNAWJBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamoyl(sulfido)azanium Chemical compound NC(=O)[NH2+][S-] XQUMHSCNAWJBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 softeners Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/716—Glucans
- A61K31/717—Celluloses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
- A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K8/602—Glycosides, e.g. rutin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/007—Preparations for dry skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/008—Preparations for oily skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B11/00—Fertilisers produced by wet-treating or leaching raw materials either with acids in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solutions followed by neutralisation, or with alkaline lyes
- C05B11/04—Fertilisers produced by wet-treating or leaching raw materials either with acids in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solutions followed by neutralisation, or with alkaline lyes using mineral acid
- C05B11/08—Fertilisers produced by wet-treating or leaching raw materials either with acids in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solutions followed by neutralisation, or with alkaline lyes using mineral acid using sulfuric acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C08L1/04—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/02—Applications for biomedical use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to cellulose compositions, and more particularly, to a cellulose composition for improving the absorption and transport efficiency of a substance.
- Biocellulose refers to a fiber which is excreted by extracellular secretion after the microorganism utilizes a carbon source in a culture solution to form a ⁇ -1,4-glucan chain in a cell. Due to the properties of good hydrophilicity, high mechanical strength and high biocompatibility, the biocellulose can be applied in the medical field of wound dressings and cosmetics field, in favor of permeation of moisture and gas on skin surface and absorption of secretions.
- biocellulose is mainly carried out by cultures in a manner of stirring fermentation and static fermentation, and the layered or block-shaped biocelluloses are further purified, sterilized and added with active ingredients to form a layered material for further application of backend product.
- Taiwanese patent No. 1586373 discloses the specific surface area of the biocellulose.
- the viscosity of the treatment is also increased, which increases the treatment difficulty, limiting the biocellulose breakage and disintegration to a certain degree only.
- the present disclosure provides a cellulose composition, comprising a plurality of biocelluloses having a diameter of from 20 to 30 nm and a length of from 2000 to 3000 nm. Owing to the hydroxyl group on the surface of the plurality of biocelluloses to form a hydrogen bonding force, the cellulose composition provides good stability.
- the biocellulose has an average diameter of 20 nanometers and an average length of 2000 nanometers.
- the stability of the biocellulose can prolong the contacting time of the active ingredient with the skin, Also, owing to the high specific surface area of the cellulose composition, it is more compliant with the surfaces or pores of the skin to increase the contact area between the biocellulose and the skin, such that the transdermal absorption and substance transfer efficiency of the skin surface are improved, thereby providing skin moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, enhancing skin elasticity and absorbing secreted grease. In addition, the user does not have sticky and irritating feelings when applying, which is superior to a commercially available biocellulose layered material.
- the stability of the biocellulose can prevent from soil compaction, exert a good water storage and release effect, and promote the growth of plants or crops.
- the cellulose composition has a higher specific surface area.
- the hydrophilicity, stability and biocompatibility of the cellulose composition are further improved by the high specific surface area of the cellulose composition, and the hydrogen bonding force provided by the hydroxyl group on the surface thereof.
- the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is in the form of a frozen ingot, and the frozen ingot of the cellulose composition is obtained by freeze-drying treatment.
- the product can be made into a frozen ingot by processes of low-temperature freezing, low-temperature and low-pressure pumping, as well as desorption, so that the stability of the whole product is improved that is not easy to deteriorate.
- the biocellulose is excellent in rehydration, and is ready for use.
- the cellulose composition does not include a liquid medium.
- the biocellulose content in the mixture is greater than 0.4% by weight to 1.2% by weight, so as to provide a better dispersion rate.
- the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses in the cellulose composition may be, for example, more than 0.4% by weight or 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.1% by weight, and 1.2% by weight.
- the OD 620 value of the frozen ingot cellulose composition dispersed in 0.1 ml of water is greater than 0.29 to 1.22.
- the OD 620 value indicates the optical density measured at a light wavelength of 620 nm, and the OD 620 value of the frozen ingot cellulose composition dispersed in 0.1 ml of water may also be, for example, 0.295, 0.43, 0.53, 0.54, 0.65, 0.76, 0.88, 0.96, 0.98, 1.00, 1.13, 1.14, 1.21 and 1.22.
- the OD 620 value is from 0.43 to 1.22.
- the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is in a liquid state and further includes a liquid medium.
- the liquid medium is water.
- the liquid cellulose composition has good fluidity, and utilizes the high specific surface area of the cellulose composition to enhance the diffusion and dissolution effects of the active ingredient or drug. Further, when the cellulose composition containing water is dispersed in 0.1 ml of water, an OD 620 value of from 0.29 to 1.22 is obtained, for example, 0.295, 0.43, 0.53, 0.54, 0.65, 0.76, 0.88, 0.96, 0.98, 1.00, 1.13, 1.14, 1.21, and 1.22. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the OD 620 value is from 0.43 to 1.22.
- the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is more than 0.2 to 1.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the cellulose composition. If the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is less than 0.2% by weight, due to insufficient hydroxyl groups of the plurality of biocelluloses to affect the interfacial tension of the liquid medium, the liquid medium and the plurality of biocelluloses are susceptible to aggregation by a cohesive force, resulting in delamination, which is not conducive to mixing. If the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is higher than 1.2% by weight, there is no substantial benefit to the application effect, simply wasting resources.
- the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses may be, for example, more than 0.2% by weight or 0.3% by weight, 0.4% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.1% by weight, and 1.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the cellulose composition.
- the contact angle of the cellulose composition with a surface of sealing wax film is from 95.5° to less than 107°.
- the present disclosure further provides a cellulose composition
- a cellulose composition comprising a plurality of biocelluloses having an aspect ratio (nm/nm) of from 66 to 150, and the OD 620 value of the cellulose composition dispersed in 0.1 ml of water is greater than 0.29 to 1.22.
- the cellulose composition may not include a liquid medium, and is in the form of a frozen ingot.
- the cellulose composition in the form of a frozen ingot becomes a mixture after being added with 1 ml of water, and the biocellulose content in the mixture is more than 0.4% by weight to 1.2% by weight to provide a better dispersion rate.
- the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses in the mixture may be, for example, more than 0.4% by weight or 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.1% by weight, and 1.2% by weight.
- the cellulose composition may also include a liquid medium such as water.
- a liquid medium such as water.
- an amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is greater than 0.2% by weight to 1.2% by weight based on the total weight of the cellulose composition.
- a contact angle of the cellulose composition with a surface of sealing wax film (Parafilm) is from 95.5° to less than 107°.
- the plurality of biocelluloses are formed by bacteria of at least one genus selected from the group consisting of Gluconacetobacter, Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Sarcina, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, Azotobacter and Agrobacterium.
- the plurality of biocelluloses are formed by fermentation of strains of Gluconacetobacter , and specifically, Gluconacetobacter xylinum , which is characterized by an easy control of thickness of the obtained biocellulose.
- the cellulose composition of the present disclosure may further comprise an organic nutrient, an active ingredient or a drug. Also, the presence of the plurality of biocelluloses does not affect the properties and activities of the organic nutrient, active ingredient or drug.
- the organic nutrient includes waste crops after oil extraction or breakage and animal wastes.
- the cellulose composition can be used for agricultural purposes as a fertilizer to deliver nutrients in a stable and balanced manner.
- the active ingredient is a moisturizing ingredient, a whitening ingredient, an anti-wrinkle ingredient, an exfoliating ingredient, an anti-inflammatory ingredient, a growth factor, or an enzyme.
- the cellulose composition may further include other additives conventionally used in the art, for example, emulsifiers, penetration enhancers, softeners, solvents, excipients and antioxidants.
- additives conventionally used in the art, for example, emulsifiers, penetration enhancers, softeners, solvents, excipients and antioxidants.
- the cellulose composition of the present disclosure comprises a plurality of biocelluloses having a diameter of from 20 to 30 nm and a length of from 2000 to 3000 nm, and it greatly increases the specific surface area.
- the cellulose composition increases a contact area between the biocelluloses and the skin surface when being applied to a product in contact with the skin, and the absorption and transmission efficiency of the substance are enhanced, thereby providing functions of skin moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging, and enhancing skin elasticity.
- the cellulose composition can promote microbial growth and exert good water storage and release capacity.
- a method for producing the above-described cellulose composition comprising steps of: culturing, in a container with a culture solution, bacteria of at least one genus selected from the group consisting of Gluconacetobacter, Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Sarcina, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, Azotobacter and Agrobacterium for 24 to 96 hours.
- the culture solution has an agar, and a carbon source, peptone and a yeast extract at a weight ratio of from 5:1:1 to 4:1:1, so as to form a biocellulose membrane with a plurality of biocelluloses interwoven.
- the biocellulose membrane In the presence of a liquid medium, the biocellulose membrane is homogeneously broken to obtain a dispersion. Based on the total weight of the cellulose composition, under a condition that the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is greater than 0.2% by weight to 1.2% by weight, mechanical grinding is carried out on the plurality of biocelluloses, and the mechanically grounded dispersion is treated by ultrasonic vibration.
- the term “static culturing” refers to a method in which bacteria form a layered biocellulose membrane on a surface of a culture solution in a nonwoven manner.
- the container used for the static culture is preferably a flat container for controlling the oxygen consumption of the bacteria through the lower container height, thereby achieving the regulation of the diameter of the biocellulose.
- the network structure formed by the biocelluloses at a surface of the formed biocellulose membrane has a density larger than the one of the network structure inside the biocellulose membrane, the above static culturing and conditions are conducive to subsequently separate the plurality of the biocelluloses interwoven.
- biocellulose membrane refers to a layer having a multi-layered network structure interwoven by a plurality of biocelluloses.
- the formation of the biocellulose membrane is formed by statically culturing bacteria of Gluconacetobacter for fermentation in a culture solution having mannitol, peptone, yeast extract and agar, wherein the resulting biocellulose membrane has a water content of greater than 90%.
- the formation of the biocellulose membrane includes a culture solution in a container, wherein the composition of the culture solution comprises a carbon sources, a nitrogen source, and a gel support; the gel support is selected from an agar; the carbon source comprises saccharides or sugar alcohols such as mannitol and glucose; and the nitrogen source comprises peptone and yeast extract, and the carbon source, peptone and yeast extract may be at a weight ratio of from 5:1:1 to 4:1:1.
- the pH of the culture solution is controlled at a pH of 0.5 to 6, and the microorganisms of the Gluconobacter are inoculated, and a range of the absorbance (optical density) of the microbial concentration in the culture solution (a set wavelength of 620 nm) is controlled to be between 0.006 to 0.01.
- the culture environment is maintained at from 25 to 28° C., and the microorganisms are statically cultured for fermentation, and the biocellulose membrane is obtained after 24 to 96 hours, wherein the biocellulose membrane has a thickness of from 20 to 30 microns.
- the biocellulose membrane has the biocellulose per unit area in an amount of from 0.0013 to 0.0018 g/cm 2 and the biocellulose has a diameter of from 20 to 100 nm.
- the “homogeneous breakage” is carried out by mixing the biocellulose membrane with water, with a homogeneous equipment including a fixed outer cutter having a shearing force and a rotary inner knife having a saw blade shape to obtain a dispersion.
- the solution configured for homogeneous breakage treatment may include any of the additives conventionally used in the art.
- the method for producing the above composition of the present disclosure may include, after homogeneous breakage, a step of adding a treatment liquid to the dispersion to swell the biocellulose.
- the “swelling or swelling treatment” is carried out by penetrating into the interior of the biocellulose through the treatment liquid, weakening the hydrogen bonding between the celluloses.
- the swelling treatment does not cause excessive hydrolysis of the biocellulose, and can also reduce the energy consumption of the mechanical grinding process.
- the glucan chain of the biocellulose is cleaved, the surface of the biocellulose is fibrillated, the specific surface area of the cellulose is increased, and more hydroxyl groups are exposed, so as to enhance the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the biocellulose.
- the treatment liquid is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali solution, an inorganic salt solution, and an aqueous ionic liquid solution, wherein the alkali includes at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; the inorganic salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride; the ionic liquid is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIm]Cl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride salt ([BMIm]Cl), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([AMIm]Ac), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIm]Ac), lithium chloride/dimethylarylene (LiCl/DMSO), N-alkylpyridine and dialkyl imidazole.
- the treatment liquid can also be at least one selected
- the “mechanical grinding” is carried out by diluting the dispersion with water, and then grinding it with a horizontal ball mill device to fibrillate a surface of the biocellulose to have a diameter of from 20 to 30 nm and a diameter of from 2,000 to 3,000 nm.
- An amount of the plurality of biocelluloses for the mechanical grinding is greater than 0.2% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion.
- the method for producing the above composition of the present disclosure may include, after mechanical grinding, a step of ultrasonically oscillating the grounded dispersion to deagglomerate the agglomerates of the biocelluloses.
- the cellulose composition of the present disclosure By applying the cellulose composition of the present disclosure to a product which is applied on a surface layer of the skin, the absorption and transmission efficiency of the substance are thus enhanced, and functions of the skin with moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and skin elasticity are provided as well.
- the UV-resistant cellulose composition is tested for UV resistance.
- the biocellulose content is 0.8% by weight or more
- the UVA and UVB transmittances are less than 10%.
- the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is used as an agricultural fertilizer, and the stability of the biocellulose can prevent soil compaction, and exert a good water storage and water release effect, achieving an effect of promoting microbial growth.
- Samples of the cellulose composition of various biocellulose contents were prepared according to the method described above, samples of specified contents of the cellulose composition and pure water were respectively dropped on a sealing wax film (Parafilm, PM-996) based on Table 1 below, and a contact angle of each of the samples of the cellulose composition was tested and recorded in Table 1 below.
- the contact angle is less than 107°.
- the cellulose composition of the present disclosure has excellent hydrophilicity.
- Samples of the cellulose composition of various biocellulose contents were prepared according to the method described above, and the biocelluloses of specified content were dispersed in 0.1 ml of water based on Table 2 below. An OD 620 value is measured; sedimentation is observed and checked with a naked eye for 3 days, and was recorded in Table 2 below.
- Test 1 content (speed (speed No. (% by weight) 50 rpm) 100 rpm) Average 1 0.2 16 16 16 2 0.4 28.8 28 28.4 3 0.6 96 68 82 4 0.8 200 170.4 185.2 5 1.0 622.08 349.04 485.56
- Samples of the cellulose composition of various biocellulose contents were prepared according to the method described above, and samples of the specified content of the cellulose composition were made into frozen ingots based on Table 4 below, and the results whether the frozen ingots can be made were recorded.
- the cellulose composition when the amount of the biocellulose in the aqueous cellulose composition is more than 0.4% by weight, the cellulose composition can be made into a frozen ingot product.
- Samples of the cellulose composition having an amount of 2% by weight of the plurality of biocelluloses were prepared according to the method described above, wherein the sample contained 0.1% by weight of L-ascorbic acid and the rest was saline.
- a percutaneous absorption film (Strat-M, 3M Company) was placed therein, and a temperature of the pure water was maintained at 37° C. A lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was in contact with pure water, and an upper surface was dropped with 5 ml of the sample. The absorbance (OD 280 ) in the water below the lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was tested at different time points. Further, the method was repeated twice, and differences in absorbance at minute 0 and minute 60 were recorded, and an average value calculated from the difference of the absorbance values of the 2 times was 0.098.
- the control sample containing no biocellulose was tested twice, and differences in absorbance at Minute 0 and Minute 60 were recorded, and an average value calculated by the difference of the absorbance values of the 2 times was 0.057.
- the absorbance value of the sample using the cellulose composition of the present disclosure was more decreased, and it shall promote the transdermal absorption of L-ascorbic acid and enhance the antioxidant capacity.
- Samples of the cellulose composition having a content of 5% by weight of the plurality of biocelluloses were prepared according to the method described above, wherein the sample contained 10% by weight of arbutin and the rest was saline.
- a percutaneous absorption film (Strat-M, 3M Company) was placed therein, and a temperature of the pure water was maintained at 37° C. A lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was in contact with pure water, and an upper surface was dropped with 5 ml of the sample. The absorbance (OD 280 ) in the water below the lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was tested at different time points, to convert a content of the arbutin.
- the transdermally absorbed arbutin concentration of the sample of the cellulose composition of the present disclosure was increased from 25 ⁇ g/ml to 35 ⁇ g/ml, while in the control group containing no biocellulose, the arbutin measured at a concentration of about 25 ⁇ g/ml only at Minute 60.
- the sample using the cellulose composition of the present disclosure promotes transdermal absorption of arbutin.
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Abstract
Provided is a cellulose composition, including a plurality of biocelluloses, wherein a diameter of the biocelluloses ranges from 20 to 30 nanometer, and a length of the biocelluloses ranges from 2000 to 3000 nanometer. The biocelluloses have good biocompatibility and can effectively enhance the efficiency of absorption and transmission of substances.
Description
- This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 16/777,949 filed on Jan. 31, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- This application claims priority to Taiwanese application No. 108104284 filed on Feb. 1, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present disclosure relates to cellulose compositions, and more particularly, to a cellulose composition for improving the absorption and transport efficiency of a substance.
- Biocellulose refers to a fiber which is excreted by extracellular secretion after the microorganism utilizes a carbon source in a culture solution to form a β-1,4-glucan chain in a cell. Due to the properties of good hydrophilicity, high mechanical strength and high biocompatibility, the biocellulose can be applied in the medical field of wound dressings and cosmetics field, in favor of permeation of moisture and gas on skin surface and absorption of secretions.
- The production of biocellulose is mainly carried out by cultures in a manner of stirring fermentation and static fermentation, and the layered or block-shaped biocelluloses are further purified, sterilized and added with active ingredients to form a layered material for further application of backend product.
- Recently, in order to break through the limitations of the product application, a mechanical treatment has been developed to break the layered or massive biocellulose material to form a continuous medium and increase the contact area of the biocellulose, so that the efficiency of absorption and transmission of the biocellulose is multiplied. The related technology is disclosed in the Taiwanese patent No. 1586373. However, in the breakage and disintegration process, the specific surface area of the biocellulose is increased, and the viscosity of the treatment is also increased, which increases the treatment difficulty, limiting the biocellulose breakage and disintegration to a certain degree only. Although the process of Taiwanese patent No. 1586373 teaches the breakage and disintegration process for the biocellulose material in a homogeneous manner, it actually causes easily a blocking problem by the material in practical application. Even if the diluted concentration of the homogenizing solution alleviates the problem, the degree of shear fracture of the biocellulose cannot be further increased, limiting the effect of transdermal absorption and transport of substances, resulted from the increased specific surface area.
- Therefore, there exists a need for a cellulose composition which can effectively improve the absorption and transport efficiency of a substance and a method for stably producing the cellulose composition, so as to solve the problems existing in the current techniques.
- In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present disclosure provides a cellulose composition, comprising a plurality of biocelluloses having a diameter of from 20 to 30 nm and a length of from 2000 to 3000 nm. Owing to the hydroxyl group on the surface of the plurality of biocelluloses to form a hydrogen bonding force, the cellulose composition provides good stability.
- In one embodiment, the biocellulose has an average diameter of 20 nanometers and an average length of 2000 nanometers.
- When applying the cellulose composition of the present disclosure to a product which is applied on a surface layer of skin, the stability of the biocellulose can prolong the contacting time of the active ingredient with the skin, Also, owing to the high specific surface area of the cellulose composition, it is more compliant with the surfaces or pores of the skin to increase the contact area between the biocellulose and the skin, such that the transdermal absorption and substance transfer efficiency of the skin surface are improved, thereby providing skin moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, enhancing skin elasticity and absorbing secreted grease. In addition, the user does not have sticky and irritating feelings when applying, which is superior to a commercially available biocellulose layered material.
- On the other hand, when the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is used as an agricultural fertilizer, the stability of the biocellulose can prevent from soil compaction, exert a good water storage and release effect, and promote the growth of plants or crops.
- The cellulose composition has a higher specific surface area. The hydrophilicity, stability and biocompatibility of the cellulose composition are further improved by the high specific surface area of the cellulose composition, and the hydrogen bonding force provided by the hydroxyl group on the surface thereof.
- In an embodiment of an aspect, the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is in the form of a frozen ingot, and the frozen ingot of the cellulose composition is obtained by freeze-drying treatment. Specifically, the product can be made into a frozen ingot by processes of low-temperature freezing, low-temperature and low-pressure pumping, as well as desorption, so that the stability of the whole product is improved that is not easy to deteriorate. Also, the biocellulose is excellent in rehydration, and is ready for use. In other words, the cellulose composition does not include a liquid medium. After adding 1 ml of water to the cellulose composition in the form of the frozen ingot to become a mixture, the biocellulose content in the mixture is greater than 0.4% by weight to 1.2% by weight, so as to provide a better dispersion rate. Specifically, after adding 1 ml of water to the cellulose composition in the form of a frozen ingot, the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses in the cellulose composition may be, for example, more than 0.4% by weight or 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.1% by weight, and 1.2% by weight.
- The OD620 value of the frozen ingot cellulose composition dispersed in 0.1 ml of water is greater than 0.29 to 1.22. The OD620 value indicates the optical density measured at a light wavelength of 620 nm, and the OD620 value of the frozen ingot cellulose composition dispersed in 0.1 ml of water may also be, for example, 0.295, 0.43, 0.53, 0.54, 0.65, 0.76, 0.88, 0.96, 0.98, 1.00, 1.13, 1.14, 1.21 and 1.22. In one embodiment, the OD620 value is from 0.43 to 1.22. In another embodiment, the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is in a liquid state and further includes a liquid medium. For example, the liquid medium is water.
- The liquid cellulose composition has good fluidity, and utilizes the high specific surface area of the cellulose composition to enhance the diffusion and dissolution effects of the active ingredient or drug. Further, when the cellulose composition containing water is dispersed in 0.1 ml of water, an OD620 value of from 0.29 to 1.22 is obtained, for example, 0.295, 0.43, 0.53, 0.54, 0.65, 0.76, 0.88, 0.96, 0.98, 1.00, 1.13, 1.14, 1.21, and 1.22. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the OD620 value is from 0.43 to 1.22.
- In the liquid cellulose composition of the present disclosure, the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is more than 0.2 to 1.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the cellulose composition. If the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is less than 0.2% by weight, due to insufficient hydroxyl groups of the plurality of biocelluloses to affect the interfacial tension of the liquid medium, the liquid medium and the plurality of biocelluloses are susceptible to aggregation by a cohesive force, resulting in delamination, which is not conducive to mixing. If the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is higher than 1.2% by weight, there is no substantial benefit to the application effect, simply wasting resources. According to the present disclosure, in the cellulose composition of the present disclosure, the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses may be, for example, more than 0.2% by weight or 0.3% by weight, 0.4% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.1% by weight, and 1.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the cellulose composition.
- Further, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the contact angle of the cellulose composition with a surface of sealing wax film (Parafilm) is from 95.5° to less than 107°.
- The present disclosure further provides a cellulose composition comprising a plurality of biocelluloses having an aspect ratio (nm/nm) of from 66 to 150, and the OD620 value of the cellulose composition dispersed in 0.1 ml of water is greater than 0.29 to 1.22.
- According to the present disclosure, the cellulose composition may not include a liquid medium, and is in the form of a frozen ingot. The cellulose composition in the form of a frozen ingot becomes a mixture after being added with 1 ml of water, and the biocellulose content in the mixture is more than 0.4% by weight to 1.2% by weight to provide a better dispersion rate. Specifically, after adding 1 ml of water to the cellulose composition in the form of the frozen ingot to become a mixture, the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses in the mixture may be, for example, more than 0.4% by weight or 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.1% by weight, and 1.2% by weight. Certainly, the cellulose composition may also include a liquid medium such as water. Further, in the cellulose composition having a plurality of biocelluloses with an aspect ratio (nm/nm) of 66 to 150, an amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is greater than 0.2% by weight to 1.2% by weight based on the total weight of the cellulose composition. Further, a contact angle of the cellulose composition with a surface of sealing wax film (Parafilm) is from 95.5° to less than 107°.
- The plurality of biocelluloses are formed by bacteria of at least one genus selected from the group consisting of Gluconacetobacter, Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Sarcina, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, Azotobacter and Agrobacterium.
- In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of biocelluloses are formed by fermentation of strains of Gluconacetobacter, and specifically, Gluconacetobacter xylinum, which is characterized by an easy control of thickness of the obtained biocellulose.
- The cellulose composition of the present disclosure may further comprise an organic nutrient, an active ingredient or a drug. Also, the presence of the plurality of biocelluloses does not affect the properties and activities of the organic nutrient, active ingredient or drug.
- In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the organic nutrient includes waste crops after oil extraction or breakage and animal wastes. By adding organic nutrients to the cellulose composition, the cellulose composition can be used for agricultural purposes as a fertilizer to deliver nutrients in a stable and balanced manner.
- In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the active ingredient is a moisturizing ingredient, a whitening ingredient, an anti-wrinkle ingredient, an exfoliating ingredient, an anti-inflammatory ingredient, a growth factor, or an enzyme.
- The cellulose composition may further include other additives conventionally used in the art, for example, emulsifiers, penetration enhancers, softeners, solvents, excipients and antioxidants.
- The cellulose composition of the present disclosure comprises a plurality of biocelluloses having a diameter of from 20 to 30 nm and a length of from 2000 to 3000 nm, and it greatly increases the specific surface area. As such, the cellulose composition increases a contact area between the biocelluloses and the skin surface when being applied to a product in contact with the skin, and the absorption and transmission efficiency of the substance are enhanced, thereby providing functions of skin moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging, and enhancing skin elasticity. When being applied to agricultural fertilizers, the cellulose composition can promote microbial growth and exert good water storage and release capacity.
- The embodiments of the present disclosure are described by way of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can readily conceive the advantages and functions of the present disclosure from the present disclosure. The present disclosure may be embodied or applied by other different embodiments, and the various details of the present disclosure may be variously modified and changed, based on different aspects and applications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In addition, all of the ranges and values herein are inclusive and combinable. Any value or point falling within the ranges recited herein, such as any integer, may be the minimum or maximum value to derive the lower range and the like.
- In order to obtain the cellulose composition of the present disclosure, a method for producing the above-described cellulose composition is as described below, comprising steps of: culturing, in a container with a culture solution, bacteria of at least one genus selected from the group consisting of Gluconacetobacter, Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Sarcina, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, Azotobacter and Agrobacterium for 24 to 96 hours. The culture solution has an agar, and a carbon source, peptone and a yeast extract at a weight ratio of from 5:1:1 to 4:1:1, so as to form a biocellulose membrane with a plurality of biocelluloses interwoven. In the presence of a liquid medium, the biocellulose membrane is homogeneously broken to obtain a dispersion. Based on the total weight of the cellulose composition, under a condition that the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses is greater than 0.2% by weight to 1.2% by weight, mechanical grinding is carried out on the plurality of biocelluloses, and the mechanically grounded dispersion is treated by ultrasonic vibration.
- The term “static culturing” refers to a method in which bacteria form a layered biocellulose membrane on a surface of a culture solution in a nonwoven manner. In addition, the container used for the static culture is preferably a flat container for controlling the oxygen consumption of the bacteria through the lower container height, thereby achieving the regulation of the diameter of the biocellulose. On the other hand, since the network structure formed by the biocelluloses at a surface of the formed biocellulose membrane has a density larger than the one of the network structure inside the biocellulose membrane, the above static culturing and conditions are conducive to subsequently separate the plurality of the biocelluloses interwoven.
- The term “biocellulose membrane” refers to a layer having a multi-layered network structure interwoven by a plurality of biocelluloses.
- In an embodiment of an aspect, the formation of the biocellulose membrane is formed by statically culturing bacteria of Gluconacetobacter for fermentation in a culture solution having mannitol, peptone, yeast extract and agar, wherein the resulting biocellulose membrane has a water content of greater than 90%.
- More specifically, the formation of the biocellulose membrane includes a culture solution in a container, wherein the composition of the culture solution comprises a carbon sources, a nitrogen source, and a gel support; the gel support is selected from an agar; the carbon source comprises saccharides or sugar alcohols such as mannitol and glucose; and the nitrogen source comprises peptone and yeast extract, and the carbon source, peptone and yeast extract may be at a weight ratio of from 5:1:1 to 4:1:1. Next, the pH of the culture solution is controlled at a pH of 0.5 to 6, and the microorganisms of the Gluconobacter are inoculated, and a range of the absorbance (optical density) of the microbial concentration in the culture solution (a set wavelength of 620 nm) is controlled to be between 0.006 to 0.01.
- The culture environment is maintained at from 25 to 28° C., and the microorganisms are statically cultured for fermentation, and the biocellulose membrane is obtained after 24 to 96 hours, wherein the biocellulose membrane has a thickness of from 20 to 30 microns.
- In an embodiment of an aspect, the biocellulose membrane has the biocellulose per unit area in an amount of from 0.0013 to 0.0018 g/cm2 and the biocellulose has a diameter of from 20 to 100 nm.
- The “homogeneous breakage” is carried out by mixing the biocellulose membrane with water, with a homogeneous equipment including a fixed outer cutter having a shearing force and a rotary inner knife having a saw blade shape to obtain a dispersion.
- The solution configured for homogeneous breakage treatment may include any of the additives conventionally used in the art. For example, the method for producing the above composition of the present disclosure may include, after homogeneous breakage, a step of adding a treatment liquid to the dispersion to swell the biocellulose.
- The “swelling or swelling treatment” is carried out by penetrating into the interior of the biocellulose through the treatment liquid, weakening the hydrogen bonding between the celluloses. The swelling treatment does not cause excessive hydrolysis of the biocellulose, and can also reduce the energy consumption of the mechanical grinding process. In combination with the synergistic effect of mechanical grinding shear, the glucan chain of the biocellulose is cleaved, the surface of the biocellulose is fibrillated, the specific surface area of the cellulose is increased, and more hydroxyl groups are exposed, so as to enhance the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the biocellulose.
- The treatment liquid is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali solution, an inorganic salt solution, and an aqueous ionic liquid solution, wherein the alkali includes at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; the inorganic salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride; the ionic liquid is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIm]Cl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride salt ([BMIm]Cl), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([AMIm]Ac), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIm]Ac), lithium chloride/dimethylarylene (LiCl/DMSO), N-alkylpyridine and dialkyl imidazole. The treatment liquid can also be at least one selected from the group consisting of urea and urea sulfide.
- The “mechanical grinding” is carried out by diluting the dispersion with water, and then grinding it with a horizontal ball mill device to fibrillate a surface of the biocellulose to have a diameter of from 20 to 30 nm and a diameter of from 2,000 to 3,000 nm. An amount of the plurality of biocelluloses for the mechanical grinding is greater than 0.2% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion.
- On the other hand, since the grounded biocellulose has a higher specific surface area, so the electrostatic effect, van der Waals force or hydrogen bonding force among the celluloses are more remarkable, and agglomeration occurs easily. Therefore, the method for producing the above composition of the present disclosure may include, after mechanical grinding, a step of ultrasonically oscillating the grounded dispersion to deagglomerate the agglomerates of the biocelluloses.
- By applying the cellulose composition of the present disclosure to a product which is applied on a surface layer of the skin, the absorption and transmission efficiency of the substance are thus enhanced, and functions of the skin with moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and skin elasticity are provided as well.
- In addition, the UV-resistant cellulose composition is tested for UV resistance. When the biocellulose content is 0.8% by weight or more, the UVA and UVB transmittances are less than 10%. When applying the cellulose composition of the present disclosure to a product applied on the surface of the skin, an anti-ultraviolet effect is further provided.
- In addition, the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is used as an agricultural fertilizer, and the stability of the biocellulose can prevent soil compaction, and exert a good water storage and water release effect, achieving an effect of promoting microbial growth.
- Samples of the cellulose composition of various biocellulose contents were prepared according to the method described above, samples of specified contents of the cellulose composition and pure water were respectively dropped on a sealing wax film (Parafilm, PM-996) based on Table 1 below, and a contact angle of each of the samples of the cellulose composition was tested and recorded in Table 1 below.
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TABLE 1 Biocellulose Contact Contact Contact Contact content angle angle angle angle No. (% by weight) test 1 test 2 test 3 average Pure 0 108.065 108.197 106.241 107.501 water 1 0.2 104.591 107.270 106.375 106.079 2 0.4 89.964 98.733 99.111 95.936 3 0.6 100.553 97.371 99.575 99.166 4 0.8 103.099 98.833 96.563 99.498 5 1.0 102.346 108.385 97.136 102.622 - According to the results shown in Table 1, when the cellulose composition of the present disclosure is dropped on the surface of the sealing wax film, as compared with the pure water dropped on the surface of the sealing wax film, the contact angle is less than 107°. Obviously, the cellulose composition of the present disclosure has excellent hydrophilicity.
- Samples of the cellulose composition of various biocellulose contents were prepared according to the method described above, and the biocelluloses of specified content were dispersed in 0.1 ml of water based on Table 2 below. An OD620 value is measured; sedimentation is observed and checked with a naked eye for 3 days, and was recorded in Table 2 below.
-
TABLE 2 Biocellulose content No. (% by weight) Sedimentation OD620 1 0.2 Yes 0.295 2 0.3 No 0.434 3 0.4 No 0.541 4 0.5 No 0.654 5 0.6 No 0.763 6 0.7 No 0.883 7 0.8 No 0.984 8 0.9 No 1.140 9 1.0 No 1.219 - According to the results shown in Table 2, when the amount of the plurality of biocelluloses in the cellulose composition is 0.2% by weight or less, the liquid medium and the plurality of biocelluloses are easily affected by the cohesive force to agglomerate, causing delamination and sedimentation.
- Samples of the cellulose composition of various biocellulose contents were prepared according to the method described above, and the samples of the specified content of the cellulose composition were subjected to a viscosity test by a viscosity meter (Brookfield, rotor H02) according to Table 3 below. The results are recorded in Table 3.
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TABLE 3 Biocellulose Test 1 Test 1 content (speed (speed No. (% by weight) 50 rpm) 100 rpm) Average 1 0.2 16 16 16 2 0.4 28.8 28 28.4 3 0.6 96 68 82 4 0.8 200 170.4 185.2 5 1.0 622.08 349.04 485.56 - Samples of the cellulose composition of various biocellulose contents were prepared according to the method described above, and samples of the specified content of the cellulose composition were made into frozen ingots based on Table 4 below, and the results whether the frozen ingots can be made were recorded.
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TABLE 4 Biocellulose Volume of content Made into frozen ingot No. (% by weight) frozen ingot (ml) 1 0.2 No X 2 0.3 No X 3 0.4 No X 4 0.5 Yes 0.4 5 0.6 Yes 0.4 6 0.7 Yes 0.4 7 0.8 Yes 0.4 8 0.9 Yes 0.4 9 1.0 Yes 0.4 - According to the results of Table 4, when the amount of the biocellulose in the aqueous cellulose composition is more than 0.4% by weight, the cellulose composition can be made into a frozen ingot product.
- Samples of the cellulose composition having an amount of 2% by weight of the plurality of biocelluloses were prepared according to the method described above, wherein the sample contained 0.1% by weight of L-ascorbic acid and the rest was saline.
- In a container filled with pure water, a percutaneous absorption film (Strat-M, 3M Company) was placed therein, and a temperature of the pure water was maintained at 37° C. A lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was in contact with pure water, and an upper surface was dropped with 5 ml of the sample. The absorbance (OD280) in the water below the lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was tested at different time points. Further, the method was repeated twice, and differences in absorbance at minute 0 and minute 60 were recorded, and an average value calculated from the difference of the absorbance values of the 2 times was 0.098.
- On the other hand, the control sample containing no biocellulose was tested twice, and differences in absorbance at Minute 0 and Minute 60 were recorded, and an average value calculated by the difference of the absorbance values of the 2 times was 0.057. As such, the absorbance value of the sample using the cellulose composition of the present disclosure was more decreased, and it shall promote the transdermal absorption of L-ascorbic acid and enhance the antioxidant capacity.
- Samples of the cellulose composition having a content of 5% by weight of the plurality of biocelluloses were prepared according to the method described above, wherein the sample contained 10% by weight of arbutin and the rest was saline.
- In a container filled with pure water, a percutaneous absorption film (Strat-M, 3M Company) was placed therein, and a temperature of the pure water was maintained at 37° C. A lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was in contact with pure water, and an upper surface was dropped with 5 ml of the sample. The absorbance (OD280) in the water below the lower surface of the percutaneous absorption film was tested at different time points, to convert a content of the arbutin. It was tested that at Minute 30 and Minute 60, the transdermally absorbed arbutin concentration of the sample of the cellulose composition of the present disclosure was increased from 25 μg/ml to 35 μg/ml, while in the control group containing no biocellulose, the arbutin measured at a concentration of about 25 μg/ml only at Minute 60. Obviously, the sample using the cellulose composition of the present disclosure promotes transdermal absorption of arbutin.
- The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims. As long as the effects and implementation purposes of the present disclosure are not affected, they should be encompassed in this technical content.
Claims (8)
1. A cellulose composition, comprising a plurality of biocelluloses formed by bacteria having a diameter of from 20 nm to 30 nm and a length of from 2000 nm to 3000 nm, and a liquid medium, wherein the plurality of the biocelluloses are in an amount of from 0.5% by weight to 1.2% by weight, based on a total weight of the cellulose composition, and wherein the plurality of the biocelluloses does not agglomerate.
2. The cellulose composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium is water.
3. The cellulose composition of claim 2 , which has an OD620 value of from 0.29 to 1.22 when being dispersed in 0.1 ml of the water.
4. The cellulose composition of claim 3 , wherein the OD620 value is from 0.43 to 1.22.
5. The cellulose composition of claim 2 , wherein a contact angle of the cellulose composition with a surface of a sealing wax film is from 95.5° to less than 107°.
6. A cellulose composition, comprising a plurality of biocelluloses formed by bacteria having an aspect ratio of from 66 to 150, and a liquid medium, wherein an OD620 value of the cellulose composition is from greater than 0.29 to 1.22, wherein the plurality of the biocelluloses are in an amount of from 0.5% by weight to 1.2% by weight, based on a total weight of the cellulose composition, and wherein the plurality of the biocelluloses does not agglomerate.
7. The cellulose composition of claim 6 , wherein the liquid medium is water.
8. The cellulose composition of claim 7 , wherein a contact angle of the cellulose composition with a surface of a sealing wax film is from 95.5° to less than 107°.
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