US20220412059A1 - Wear member - Google Patents

Wear member Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220412059A1
US20220412059A1 US17/801,220 US202117801220A US2022412059A1 US 20220412059 A1 US20220412059 A1 US 20220412059A1 US 202117801220 A US202117801220 A US 202117801220A US 2022412059 A1 US2022412059 A1 US 2022412059A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
insert
housing
passageway
wear member
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/801,220
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English (en)
Inventor
Darrin Harding
Mark T. Beatley
Bruce C. Bingham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Esco Group Lllc
Original Assignee
Esco Group Lllc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Esco Group Lllc filed Critical Esco Group Lllc
Priority to US17/801,220 priority Critical patent/US20220412059A1/en
Publication of US20220412059A1 publication Critical patent/US20220412059A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/285—Teeth characterised by the material used
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/2858—Teeth characterised by shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2883—Wear elements for buckets or implements in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
    • E02F9/2808—Teeth
    • E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wear member including a hardened insert.
  • the invention has been developed primarily for use along the digging edge of an excavating machine and will be described hereinafter with reference to this application. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this particular field of use.
  • Excavating equipment of all kinds and sizes include various wear members to protect the front digging edge from damage and wear.
  • Wear members include points (or tips), adapters, shrouds, runners, and the like. These wear members are commonly subjected to highly abrasive materials and are used under arduous conditions. To withstand the rigors of digging, the wear members may be made from abrasion resistant materials, overlays, or layers.
  • One type of material having high abrasion resistance is a carbide, such as tungsten carbide or silicon carbide.
  • a carbide such as tungsten carbide or silicon carbide.
  • inserts of such material are located in a housing comprising less expensive material, such as steel.
  • a hardened outer later such as a layer created using infiltration hardening.
  • the two approaches may be combined so that an insert (such as a tungsten carbide or silicon carbide insert) is mounted in a housing passageway in the wear member, and the space between the insert and the housing is filled with brazing material that provides a hardened infiltrated layer. Improvements in the use of such inserts is desired.
  • a wear member comprising: a housing defining a passageway therethrough and having a longitudinal axis, the housing comprising a housing cavity formed therein, fully recessed from an inner surface of the housing, and opening into the passageway; an insert slidably located within the passageway and defining a longitudinal clearance between the inner surface of the housing and the insert, the insert comprising an insert cavity formed therein, fully recessed from an outer surface of the insert and opening into the passageway; brazing material filling the longitudinal clearance and extending transversely to the longitudinal axis into the housing cavity and insert cavity to provide an axially resistive force against axial movement of the insert relative to the housing in addition to any bonding of the brazing material to the insert and the housing.
  • the brazing material may also provide a resistive force transverse to the longitudinal axis.
  • the housing further comprises a support cavity defining a support cavity axis therethrough, where the support cavity axis is transverse to the insert cavity thereby providing additional longitudinal axially resistive force.
  • the support cavity extends from the housing inner surface of the housing to a housing outer surface of the housing, and is closed by a cap on the outer surface of the housing.
  • the insert may be substantially enclosed within the passageway.
  • the housing cavity is spaced from the passageway entrance and an inner rear wall of the housing at an end of the passageway.
  • the insert is insertable to the inner rear wall unobstructed by protrusions into the passageway from either the housing or the insert.
  • the housing cavity is longitudinally offset from the insert cavity.
  • the insert comprises a plurality of insert cavities.
  • each insert cavity has an arcuate concave shape.
  • the housing comprises a plurality of housing cavities.
  • each housing cavity comprises a wedge shape, a narrow end of the wedge being closer to the passageway entrance than a wider portion of the wedge.
  • each housing cavity has a general wedge shape (optionally with concave walls in a vertical direction), a narrow end of the wedge being further from the passageway entrance than a wider portion of the wedge.
  • a wear member comprising a housing defining a passageway therethrough and having a longitudinal axis, the housing comprising a housing cavity formed therein, fully recessed from an inner surface of the housing, and opening into the passageway; an insert slidably located and substantially enclosed within the passageway and defining a longitudinal clearance between the inner surface of the housing and the insert, the insert comprising an insert cavity formed therein, fully recessed from an outer surface of the insert and opening into the passageway; the insert and housing being configured such that there is no projection from the insert into the housing cavity, and no projection from the housing into the insert cavity.
  • a wear member comprising a housing defining a passageway extending axially therein from a front end, a support cavity in communication with and extending transverse to the passageway, a wear-resistant insert received in the passageway, and a brazing material filling the passageway and support cavity to secure the insert in the passageway.
  • a wear member comprising a housing defining a passageway extending axially therein from a front end, an insert received in the passageway along its longitudinal axis, and a housing cavity opening in the passageway having a wedge shape, wherein a narrow end of the wedge being closer to the passageway entrance than a wider portion of the wedge.
  • an excavating equipment component comprising the wear member according to the first aspect.
  • a wear assembly comprising: (i) a wear member according to any of the first through fourth aspects; (ii) a base on which the wear member is mounted, and (iii) a lock securing the wear member to the base.
  • the excavating equipment component is selected from a group consisting of: a point (or tip or tooth); an adapter; a shroud; a runner; or a bucket.
  • the wear member of the invention may be utilized in other industrial equipment, for example within a pump in an impeller or a throatbush (suction liner, side liner, etc.), or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial perspective view of a wear member according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional side view of a front portion of the wear member of FIG. 1 along line 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 , prior to a brazing process;
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified cross-sectional top plan view of a front portion of the wear member of FIG. 1 along line 3 - 3 in FIG. 1 , prior to the brazing process;
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified cross-sectional front view of a central front portion of part of the wear member of FIGS. 1 and 2 (the portion shown by broken line 4 ′ in FIG. 1 ), prior to the brazing process.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an insert used in the wear member of FIGS. 1 to 4 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the insert of FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of the insert of FIGS. 5 and 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified cross-sectional side view similar to that of FIG. 2 , but subsequent to the brazing process;
  • FIG. 9 is a simplified cross-sectional top plan view similar to that of FIG. 3 , but subsequent to the brazing process.
  • FIG. 10 is a simplified cross-sectional front view similar to that of FIG. 4 , but subsequent to the brazing process.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate various views of a wear member 10 in the form of a tip (or point), which is used as part of a ground engaging tool.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are simplified in that they are cross-sections that do not show any shading, and they only show a front portion of the wear member 10 .
  • the wear member 10 comprises: a housing 12 defining a passageway 14 therethrough and a longitudinal axis 16 .
  • the passageway 14 is defined, in part, by an inner surface of the housing 12 including a rear wall 18 , an upper surface 20 a, an opposite lower surface 20 b, a left side surface 22 a and a right side surface 22 b.
  • the upper and lower surfaces 20 are generally flat (e.g. planar), and the left and right side surfaces 22 preferably include protrusions thereon ( 24 a,b respectively) near an entrance 26 of the passageway 14 and near the rear wall 18 to better position an insert 40 in the passageway (not all are shown in the drawings).
  • the optional arrangement of the protrusions can be varied. Protrusions could also be omitted (or provided) on some or all the top, bottom, side and rear surfaces of the inner surface of the housing.
  • the inner surface of the housing 12 also preferably defines one or more housing cavities therein ( 28 a,b respectively) (best seen in FIG. 3 ).
  • Each housing cavity 28 a,b is fully recessed from the surrounding portions of the side surface 22 a,b that define that cavity 28 a,b, and opens into the passageway 14 .
  • Each housing cavity 28 a,b has a general wedge shape (with concave walls in a vertical direction), where the larger portion of the wedge is closer to the inner rear wall 18 than the smaller portion of the wedge. The wedge shape simplifies cleaning out the housing cavities prior to casting for improved quality. While a housing cavity is illustrated as being on opposite side surfaces, other variations are possible.
  • a plurality of housing cavities can be provided on one or both side surfaces, housing cavities can be provided on the top and bottom surfaces with or without such housing cavities on the side surfaces, the housing cavities can be mirror images of the housing cavities on opposite surfaces or offset from the housing cavities on opposite surfaces, there may be more housing cavities on certain surfaces than others, etc.
  • An insert 40 is slidably located and optionally substantially enclosed within the passageway 14 . While the illustrated embodiment includes one passageway 14 with an insert 40 , a plurality of passageways, each with an insert, could be provided depending on the size and/or shape of the wear member.
  • the insert 40 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 .
  • the insert 40 is manufactured of a hardened, abrasion-resistant material to increase the overall wear resistance of the wear member 10 .
  • the insert 40 comprises a tungsten carbide or an alloy thereof; however, the insert 40 may also, e.g., be manufactured of any alternative hardened materials, for example selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, or tungsten carbides and/or nitrides and/or borides, or alloys thereof.
  • the insert 40 includes a body 42 of generally cuboid shape that tapers to a front edge 44 to conform to the shape of a forward part of the wear member 10 and to provide a wear-facing edge for the forward part of the wear member 10 .
  • Other shapes of insert are possible.
  • the insert body 42 includes opposing sidewalls 46 a,b, each optionally defining a front insert cavity 50 a,b respectively, and a rear insert cavity 52 a,b respectively.
  • the insert cavities 50 , 52 are generally arcuate and concave in shape, when viewed from above (best seen in FIGS. 5 and 6 ) and the insert cavities on each sidewall 46 a,b are fully recessed from the other portions of that sidewall 46 a,b (such that opposing outer surfaces on the sidewall on each side of each cavity are preferably planar, or at least linear—though other shapes are possible).
  • the insert body 42 further defines a generally planar rear wall 54 . Other arrangements of insert cavities are possible.
  • one or more than two insert cavities may be provided on each sidewall, they may be formed with different sizes, they may be placed in offset positions from each other, they may have different shapes, etc.
  • the insert cavities are preferably broad and extend along substantial portions of the insert sidewalls. In the illustrated embodiment, the insert cavities may define about 30-50% of the insert sidewalls rearward of the tapered front, though other percentages (higher or lower) are possible.
  • the insert cavities 50 , 52 provide additional surface area to braze or otherwise secure the insert 40 within the housing 12 of the wear member 10 .
  • the insert 40 is located within the passageway 14 of the housing 12 and a longitudinal clearance 60 is defined between the inner surfaces of the housing 12 (i.e. upper surface 20 a, lower surface 20 b, left side surface 22 a and right side surface 22 b ) and the insert 40 , prior to insertion of the brazing or other matrix material.
  • the insert rear wall 54 is in contact with, or close proximity to, the housing rear wall 18 , and preferably positioned such that the insert 40 is substantially enclosed (for example, at least 80% enclosed, or at least 90 % enclosed) within the passageway 12 and the insert cavities 50 , 52 are located transversely to the longitudinal axis 16 and are offset with respect to the nearest housing cavity 28 (best seen in FIG. 3 ).
  • the insert 40 could forwardly project from the passageway 14 .
  • the insert 40 is shown relatively centered within the passageway 14 ; however, in some embodiments the insert 40 may be offset (e.g. from the longitudinal axis 16 ) in the passageway 14 .
  • the longitudinal clearance 60 allows the insert 40 to be inserted unobstructed by protrusions on the inner surfaces of the housing 12 (i.e. upper surface 20 a, lower surface 20 b, left side surface 22 a and right side surface 22 b ).
  • the longitudinal clearance 60 and the cavities 28 , 50 , 52 also provide space that will be filled with powder and/or brazing or other matrix material in a subsequent manufacturing step (described below).
  • the wear member 10 is preferably formed by sand casting, although other kinds of manufacture are possible (e.g., investment casting or forging).
  • Spacers or cores are preferably provided in the mold when casting the wear member 10 to support the rear end of the core forming the passageway 14 .
  • these spacers form one or more support apertures or support cavities 70 in the housing 12 through the upper and lower surfaces 20 a,b, transverse to the longitudinal axis 16 , and extend through an outer surface 72 of the housing 12 .
  • the support apertures 70 are sealed at the outer surface 72 by caps 74 .
  • the passageway entrance 26 , longitudinal clearance 60 through passageway 14 , housing cavities 28 and capped support apertures 70 define space for receiving a wear resistant powder (and/or other porous wear-resistant material) and/or a brazing or other matrix material.
  • the caps 74 prevent escape of the received wear resistant powder and/or matrix material during insertion while it is being introduced around the insert 40 .
  • a wear member housing 12 is first cast, e.g., in a sand-casting process. Patterns are used to define the exterior shape of the housing, and cores and/or spacers are used to form the passageway 14 , housing cavities 28 , and/or support cavities 70 . Other cavities such as a mounting cavity (not shown) for receiving a base of the earth working equipment and lock-receiving cavity (not shown) are commonly also formed in a rear portion (not shown) of the wear member housing 12 . Molten steel is then poured into the mold to form the cast wear member housing.
  • the support apertures 70 are capped by caps 74 to create support cavities. These are to ensure that powder and/or matrix material does not leak out during the steps for securing the insert 40 in the passageway 14 .
  • a shell funnel 80 (shown in broken line in FIGS. 2 and 3 ) made of sheet steel is welded to an end of the housing 12 near the passageway entrance 26 .
  • This shell funnel 80 is optionally used first to direct a wear-resistant powder or the like (e.g., tungsten carbide or other wear resistant material(s)) to fill the passageway 14 and support cavities 70 .
  • a wear-resistant powder or the like e.g., tungsten carbide or other wear resistant material(s)
  • Other porous preforms of wear-resistant material could optionally be placed into support cavities 70 prior to capping.
  • the wear-resistant powder and/or preforms could be omitted.
  • a matrix material is then placed in the funnel 80 and heated (e.g., in a furnace) to infiltrate the powder and/or preform and fill the passageway 14 , housing cavities 28 , insert cavities 50 , 52 and support cavities 70 . If powder and/or preforms are not used, the matrix material will still fill the passageway 14 , housing cavities 28 , insert cavities 50 , 52 and support cavities 70 .
  • the matrix material is preferably a brazing material or other suitable metal (e.g., ductile iron) for securing the insert in place.
  • the matrix material may comprise a different material (e.g., a resin) to secure the carbide and/or infiltrate the powder and/or preforms. If a resin or the like is used as the matrix material it would generally follow any desired heat treating of the steel. Heat treating may be similar to that used fora brazing material, depending on the temperatures needed for each.
  • Overlays 82 can optionally then be attached to the housing outer surface 72 for additional wear protection near the front of the wear member 10 .
  • the matrix area i.e. the passageway entrance 26 , longitudinal clearance 60 , housing cavities 28 , insert cavities 50 , 52 and capped support apertures 70
  • the brazing material comprises copper and the wear resistant material comprises cemented tungsten carbide powder (a composite of tungsten carbide and a binder metal, such as cobalt).
  • the tungsten carbide powder may be placed in first, then the copper may be placed on the tungsten carbide powder, and the copper is melted and infiltrates into the carbide powder.
  • other types of brazing material and wear resistant material may be used.
  • the matrix material 90 fills the longitudinal clearance 60 and extends transversely to the longitudinal axis into the housing cavities 28 and insert cavities 50 , 52 to provide an axially resistive force against axial movement of the insert relative to the housing 12 in addition to any bonding of the brazing material 90 to the insert 40 and the housing 12 .
  • the brazing material 90 metallurgically bonds with the inner surfaces 20 , 22 of the housing 12 and the outer surface of the insert 40 to provide a chemical seal against the dislodgement of the insert 40 from the housing 12 .
  • the filling of the housing, insert and support cavities 28 , 50 , 52 , 70 with the matrix material 90 provides enhanced resistance and support to lessen the risk of insert loss during use.
  • the structure of the wear member 10 has been formed such that brazing material 90 in the housing cavities 28 and capped support apertures 70 provide further physical seals to mitigate risks of dislodgement of the insert 40 if the metallurgical bond between the brazing material 90 and the housing 12 is weakened in use.
  • the transverse position of the housing cavity 28 and the insert cavities 50 , 52 further provide a primary physical seal against the dislodgement of insert 40 in that the brazing material 90 must be structurally sheared in these locations to dislodge the insert 40 .
  • the capped support apertures 70 provide a secondary physical seal in a similar manner—the brazing material 90 must also be sheared in these locations to dislodge the insert 40 .
  • the arrangement of the insert cavities 50 , 52 , the housing cavities 28 , and the capped support apertures 70 once sealed with the brazing material 90 , physically seal the insert 40 and provide for axial resistance against movements of the insert 40 relative to the housing 12 .
  • the described wear member 10 may be mounted on a base and secured to the base with a lock to form a wear assembly.
  • the shell funnel 80 is preferably cut and/or refolded to close the opening for use.
  • the wear member 10 has been illustrated to be wedge shaped, the wear member may also be manufactured in the form of other shapes. Moreover, the wear member 10 may provide advantageous effects when utilized in various wear-facing components, particularly in excavating equipment including a point (tip), an adaptor, an entire tooth, a shroud, a runner, and a bucket.
  • a point tip
  • an adaptor an entire tooth
  • a shroud a shroud
  • a runner a bucket.
  • the insert cavities may have alternate shapes, e.g. polygonal, ovoid, etc. A greater of fewer number than two insert cavities may be provided on each insert sidewall.
  • the cavities on a sidewall may have different shapes.
  • the insert 40 may protrude from the passageway 14 .
  • 25% or more of the insert body 42 may protrude beyond the passageway entrance 26 .
  • wear member 10 housing 12 passageway 14 longitudinal axis 16 inner rear wall 18 upper surface 20a lower surface 20b left side surface 22a right side surface 22b protrusion 24a, b passageway entrance 26 housing cavity 28a, b insert 40 insert body 42 insert front edge 44 insert sidewalls 46a, b front insert cavity 50a, b rear insert cavity 52a, b insert rear wall 54.
  • longitudinal clearance 60 support apertures 70 housing outer surface 72 caps 74 shell funnel 80 overlays 82 brazing material 90

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
US17/801,220 2020-02-19 2021-02-19 Wear member Pending US20220412059A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/801,220 US20220412059A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-02-19 Wear member

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202062978690P 2020-02-19 2020-02-19
US17/801,220 US20220412059A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-02-19 Wear member
PCT/US2021/018846 WO2021168297A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-02-19 Wear member

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20220412059A1 true US20220412059A1 (en) 2022-12-29

Family

ID=74871846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/801,220 Pending US20220412059A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-02-19 Wear member

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20220412059A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN115103946A (zh)
CA (1) CA3167571A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2021168297A1 (zh)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4277106A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-07-07 Syndrill Carbide Diamond Company Self renewing working tip mining pick
JP2596106B2 (ja) * 1988-12-27 1997-04-02 住友重機械鋳鍛株式会社 複合掘削ツース
JPH0754381A (ja) * 1993-08-11 1995-02-28 Mitsubishi Steel Mfg Co Ltd 複合材ツースおよびその製造方法
US5778572A (en) * 1996-12-11 1998-07-14 Caterpillar Inc. Wear resistant cutting edge and method for making same
JOP20200150A1 (ar) 2011-04-06 2017-06-16 Esco Group Llc قطع غيار بأوجه مقواه باستخدام عملية التقسية المصلدة والطريقة والتجميع المرافق للتصنيع
US10105870B1 (en) * 2012-10-19 2018-10-23 The Sollami Company Combination polycrystalline diamond bit and bit holder
EP3563951A1 (fr) * 2018-05-04 2019-11-06 Magotteaux International S.A. Dent composite avec insert tronconique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115103946A (zh) 2022-09-23
WO2021168297A1 (en) 2021-08-26
CA3167571A1 (en) 2021-08-26

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