US20220356977A1 - Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system - Google Patents
Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system Download PDFInfo
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- US20220356977A1 US20220356977A1 US17/864,657 US202217864657A US2022356977A1 US 20220356977 A1 US20220356977 A1 US 20220356977A1 US 202217864657 A US202217864657 A US 202217864657A US 2022356977 A1 US2022356977 A1 US 2022356977A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tube
- interior
- seal belt
- rolling seal
- exterior tube
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61B13/00—Other railway systems
- B61B13/10—Tunnel systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L17/00—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure
- F16L17/10—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure the packing being sealed by the pressure of a fluid other than the fluid in or surrounding the pipe
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
- F16L27/12—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement allowing substantial longitudinal adjustment or movement
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to expansion joints for a tubular transportation system.
- a high speed, high efficiency transportation system may utilize a low-pressure environment in order to reduce drag on a vehicle at high operating speeds, thus providing the dual benefit of allowing greater speed potential and lowering the energy costs associated with overcoming drag forces.
- these systems may use a near-vacuum (e.g., low-pressure) environment within a tubular structure.
- Bellows-style expansion joints are incorporated into the piping system, such that ruffles are included in segments of the pipe itself. Deflection of the ruffled sections absorbs vertical and horizontal forces, allowing the rigid segments of the pipe to maintain their position. Ruffled sections incorporated into the pipe, however, create design challenges and lead to high manufacturing costs. Additionally, the frequent deflection of bellows-style expansion joints increases the incidence of joint failure resulting from, for example, in-plane squirm, column-squirm, fatigue, creep fatigue, burst, collapse, over-stretching, corrosion, etc. Bellows-style expansion joints also lack the ability to resist bending moments, as there lacks lateral and/or angular rigidity within the joint.
- Slip joints operate as follows: at a connection point of piping, there is an outer tube connected to one side and inner tube connected to the other side.
- the inner tube, or slip tube is able to slide in and out of the outer tube, which allows the slip joint to absorb the linear expansion of the pipe.
- Slip joints may typically be heavier than a bellows-style expansion joint, but may also be cheaper to manufacture, may afford longer longitudinal expansions and/or contractions and may be significantly more robust.
- Slip joints however rely on “packing material,” including, for example, a viscous fluid such as oil or grease, to diminish friction so that the tubes can slide, as well as to provide some additional pressure seal by filling the small gaps in the joint.
- the packing material generates issues associated with the need for frequent lubrication and replacement, which is expensive, time-consuming, and could necessitate unacceptable closure of the pipeline of the transportation system.
- the interior is typically maintained at a pressure that is greater than a pressure in an environment surrounding the exterior of the pipes. Accordingly, the pressure gradient between the interior of the pipes and the exterior environment may tend to drive any leakage of the packing material to the exterior, rather than the interior of the pipe.
- traditional slip joints do not scale for use on pipes at the size required for the transportation system. That is, traditional slip joints scaled to large diameter sizes become increasingly inefficient, and thus may not be suited for use in such transportation systems. For example, the packing material of traditional slip joints may tend to settle at the lowest point of the joint leading to a maldistribution around the circumference of the joint; a problem that is exacerbated as the diameter of the joint increases.
- aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a tubular structure, comprising at least one exterior tube having an opening and an interior, at least one interior tube, at least a portion of the at least one interior tube is configured to be disposed through the opening and within the interior of the at least one exterior tube, and at least one expansion joint provided between the at least one exterior tube and the portion of the at least one interior tube.
- the at least one expansion joint is configured to allow lateral expansion and contraction of the exterior tube and the interior tube while maintaining a predetermined pressure within the exterior and the interior tube.
- expansion joints having diameters large enough for use in the low pressure environment transportation system may be provided. Further, the need for a packing material may be eliminated or reduced. Accordingly, leakage of the packing material into the interior of the transportation system, driven by the pressure gradient of the low pressure environment, may be obviated or reduced.
- the expansion joint comprises a removable O-ring sled structured and arranged to be attached to an end of the exterior tube.
- the tubular structure further comprises at least one friction sliding pad structured and arranged on an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube.
- the at least one friction sliding pad supports an outer circumferential surface of the portion of the interior tube and provides a low friction surface for facilitating sliding of the interior tube relative to the exterior tube in a longitudinal direction of the tubular structure.
- the expansion joint further comprises a service seal structured and arranged within the interior of the exterior tube beyond the O-ring sled in a longitudinal direction of the exterior tube.
- the service seal is structured and arranged to selectively provide a seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- the service seal and the O-ring sled are each configured to independently provide a seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- the service seal comprises an inflatable seal that, when inflated, selectively provides the seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- the O-ring sled comprises at least one sealing O-ring structured and arranged to form a seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- the at least one sealing O-ring is a T-style O-ring.
- the O-ring sled comprises at least one lubricator that is configured to lubricate an outer circumferential surface of the interior tube.
- the tubular structure further comprises a lubricant reservoir.
- the lubricator contacts the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube and supplies lubricant via the lubricant reservoir disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the exterior tube.
- the O-ring sled is structured and arranged in at least two segments so as to be removable from the expansion joint without requiring removal of the portion of the at least one interior tube configured to be disposed within the interior of the at least one exterior tube.
- the expansion joint comprises a tubular rolling seal belt, and the rolling seal belt has a first end attached to an outer circumferential surface of the interior tube and a second end attached to an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube.
- the rolling seal belt comprises a flexible material reinforced by a reinforcement material.
- the second end of the rolling seal belt is attached to the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube via a tubular connector structured and arranged to apply a compressive force to the rolling real belt.
- the tubular connector includes at least two arcuate band sections connected at ends thereof via fixing sections.
- the ends of the arcuate band sections are adjustably connected to the fixing sections such that a space between the ends of the arcuate band sections may be adjusted.
- the rolling seal belt is able to fold back upon itself and is configured to roll laterally such that an effective lateral length of the rolling seal belt is adjustable.
- the tubular structure further comprises a second rolling seal belt.
- the tubular rolling seal belt is a first rolling seal belt, and the first rolling seal belt is attached to the opening of the exterior tube and the second rolling seal belt is attached to a second opening of the exterior tube.
- the exterior tube is attached to a pylon via a bearing.
- Additional aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a method of maintaining a predetermined pressure within a tubular structure having an interior tube, an exterior tube, a pressure-tight service seal, and an O-ring sled disposed between the interior tube and the exterior tube.
- the method comprises establishing an interior of the tubular structure at the predetermined pressure, engaging the pressure-tight service seal between the interior tube and the exterior tube, and removing the O-ring sled from the tubular structure while the pressure-tight service seal maintains the predetermined pressure of the interior of the tubular structure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematically-depicted view of a transportation system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 illustrates a view of an exemplary capsule for use in the transportation system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of aspects of a tubular structure stability system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 illustrates a schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 6 illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 illustrates a cut-away schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 8 illustrates an enlarged schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 9 illustrates a schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint with an exemplary inflatable service seal in a deflated state in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 illustrates the exemplary inflatable service seal shown in FIG. 9 in an inflated state in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary process for continuous operation of a transportation system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 12 illustrates a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of another exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary rolling seal belt in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 14A illustrates an exemplary compression seal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 14B illustrates a magnified perspective view of an exemplary compression seal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 14C illustrates a cut away view of an exemplary compression seal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIGS. 15A-15C illustrate a cut-away perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint at different states of expansion in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 16 illustrates another cut-away perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 17 illustrates a cut-away perspective view of an exemplary exterior tube and an exemplary rolling seal belt of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary exterior tube having opposing exemplary rolling seal belts of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 19 illustrates another schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 20 illustrates a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint having an exemplary two rolling seal belt arrangement in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- FIG. 21A illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 21B illustrates a partial cut-away sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the terms “about” and “approximately” indicate that the amount or value in question may be the specific value designated or some other value in its neighborhood. Generally, the terms “about” and “approximately” denoting a certain value is intended to denote a range within ⁇ 5% of the value. As one example, the phrase “about 100” denotes a range of 100 ⁇ 5, i.e. the range from 95 to 105. Generally, when the terms “about” and “approximately” are used, it can be expected that similar results or effects according to the disclosure can be obtained within a range of ⁇ 5% of the indicated value.
- the term “and/or” indicates that either all or only one of the elements of said group may be present.
- “A and/or B” indicates “only A, or only B, or both A and B.” in the case of “only A,” the term also covers the possibility that B is absent, i.e. “only A, but not B.”
- substantially parallel refers to deviating less than 20° from parallel alignment and the term “substantially perpendicular” refers to deviating less than 20° from perpendicular alignment.
- parallel refers to deviating less than 5° from mathematically exact parallel alignment.
- perpendicular refers to deviating less than 5° from mathematically exact perpendicular alignment.
- composition comprising a compound A may include other compounds besides A.
- composition comprising a compound A may also (essentially) consist of the compound A.
- the transportation system 10 comprises one or more capsules or transport pods 12 traveling through at least one enclosed structure (e.g., a tube) 14 between two or more stations 16 .
- the capsules 12 of the transportation system 10 move through a low-pressure environment within the at least one enclosed structure 14 .
- the low-pressure environment includes (but is not limited to) any pressure that is below 1 atmosphere (or approximately 1 bar) at sea level.
- the transportation system 10 comprises one or more partially evacuated enclosed structures 14 that connect stations 16 in a closed loop system.
- enclosed structures 14 may be sized for optimal air flow around the capsule 12 to improve performance and energy consumption efficiency at the expected or design travel speed.
- the low-pressure environment in the enclosed structures 14 minimizes the drag force on the capsule 12 , while maintaining the relative ease of pumping; out the air from the tubes.
- the capsule 12 may be streamlined to reduce an air drag coefficient as the capsule 12 travels through the low-pressure environment of the at least one enclosed structure 14 (e.g., tube) of the transportation system 10 .
- a compressor arranged at the front end of the capsule is operable to ingest at least a portion of the incoming air and pass it through the capsule (instead of displacing the air around the vehicle).
- the capsule 12 may include a compressor at its leading face.
- the compressor is operable to ingest oncoming air and may utilize the compressed air for the levitation process (when, for example, the capsules are supported via air bearings that operate using a compressed air reservoir and aerodynamic lift).
- the compressed air may be used to spin a turbine, for example, located at the rear end of the capsule, to provide power to the capsule 12 .
- the capsule 12 may also include a motor structured and arranged to drive the compressor, and a battery for storing energy, e.g., derived from the turbine.
- the capsule 12 also includes a payload area, which may be configured for humans, for cargo, and/or for both humans and cargo.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic perspective view 300 of exemplary aspects of a tubular structure stability system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- Some elements of the tubular structure stability system are discussed in commonly-assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 15/007,745, entitled “Expansion Joints, Dampers and Control Systems for a Tubular Transportation Structure Stability System,” filed in the USPTO on Jan. 27, 2016, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
- a pair of cylindrical tubes 14 are generally positioned in a side-by-side configuration.
- tubes 14 are supported above ground (not shown) by a series of supports (e.g., pillars or pylons 22 , with only one shown in FIG. 3 ) spaced apart along a path of travel.
- the pillars 22 may be placed approximately every 1.00 feet (30 m) along the transportation path.
- embodiments include one or more systems for isolating a tubular system from the ground, for example, through the use of linear slides and dampers, as well as thermal expansion joints, to allow the relatively rigid tube to translate (or move) relative to the support pylons and/or expand or contract as necessary to compensate for, e.g., the daily thermal cycle and/or internal system heat production.
- embodiments may utilize, for example, local linear slides and spring-dampers that enable centering and long timescale expansion and contraction of the tube.
- Embodiments may also utilize axial expansion joints (e.g., periodic axial expansion joints) to compensate for any limitation of travel of the tube on the pylon that may be imposed by the structure and operational range of the linear slides and dampers.
- axial expansion joints e.g., periodic axial expansion joints
- embodiments enable an expansion of a tube to be translated onto the axial (or longitudinal) and transverse (or lateral) planes.
- up to one meter of axial and transverse movement may be displaced locally to the pylons.
- a thermal expansion joint may be configured to undergo up to 1.5 meters of expansion for every kilometer of the tube length, which can accommodate up to a 100 degree Celsius temperature change in the tube structure.
- the tubular structure stability system. 300 may include at least one expansion joint 500 arranged on a tube 14 , which is structured and arranged to enable a relative movement between sections of the tube 14 in longitudinal directions 315 to adjust for longitudinal forces acting on the tubes 14 (e.g., expansion and/or contraction of tubes due to thermal conditions).
- at least one expansion joint 500 arranged on a tube 14 , which is structured and arranged to enable a relative movement between sections of the tube 14 in longitudinal directions 315 to adjust for longitudinal forces acting on the tubes 14 (e.g., expansion and/or contraction of tubes due to thermal conditions).
- the tubular structure stability system 300 may include at least one damper system 1000 having one or more dampers and slide arrangements between respective pillars 22 and tubes 14 to adjust for imposed lateral forces in direction 310 and/or longitudinal forces in direction 315 (e.g., due to forces caused by the capsule movement, thermal considerations, and/or seismic events).
- the tubes 14 may be fixed to the dampening system 1000 , and the dampening system 1000 is supported by pillars 22 .
- the pillars 22 and the dampening system 1000 are structured and arranged to constrain the tubes 14 in a vertical direction (i.e., direction 320 ) while allowing for relative longitudinal (i.e., direction 315 ) and lateral movement (i.e., direction 310 ) of the tube 14 relative to a respective pillar 22 .
- the damper system 1000 may also include a vertical damper (not shown) to adjust for vertical forces in vertical direction 320 (e.g., due to forces caused by the capsule movement, thermal considerations, and/or seismic events). Some embodiments may also allow for some movement in the vertical direction between the pillars 22 and the tubes 18 , 20 , and/or between the pillar and the ground.
- the position of the pillar-to-tube connection may be adjustable vertically and/or laterally, for example, to ensure proper alignment of the tube, and/or to provide for a smoother ride.
- the expansion joint 500 may be arranged along a transportation tube 14 at a distance 305 from a pillar 22 .
- the distance 305 may be located a distance from a respective pillar 22 along the tube 14 that has a minimum moment point.
- distance 305 may be approximately zero (e.g., an expansion joint 500 is arranged approximately adjacent to a damper system 1000 ).
- the expansion joint 500 may be arranged anywhere along the tube 14 .
- expansion (or slip) joints may be provided at each station (or, e.g., approximate to each station), or at positions between stations, to adjust for tube length variance due to, for example, thermal expansion.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic section view of an exemplary slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 500 includes an O-ring sled 510 that is removably attached to an end of an exterior tube 520 , and an interior tube 530 including a portion disposed within an end of the O-ring sled 510 and the end of the exterior tube 520 .
- the interior tube 530 may be connected to the enclosed structure 14 of the transportation system via a flanged connection 580 .
- An end of the O-ring sled 510 is attached to the end of the exterior tube 520 via at least one fastener 512 , which may include one or more bolts that are fixed to respective bore holes of the exterior tube 520 .
- the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 may comprise a hardened metal material, such as carbon steel. It should be understood, however, that the material is not limited to metals and may comprise any material suitable to maintain the pressure and load forces required for operation of the transportation system.
- the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 may comprise substantially the same materials, in other embodiments, the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 may comprise at least some different materials.
- a plurality of tubular low-friction sliding pads 550 are disposed on an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 520 .
- the low-friction sliding pads 550 support an outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 530 , maintain a gap G between the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 520 and the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 530 , and allow the interior tube 530 to slide longitudinally, e.g., due to thermal expansion and/or contraction forces, with respect to the exterior tube 520
- the low-friction sliding pads 550 provide a low friction surface such that a coefficient of friction between the low-friction sliding pads 550 and the interior tube 530 is lower than a coefficient of friction between the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 .
- the expansion joint 500 may by disposed anywhere along the transportation system.
- an exemplary expansion joint 500 may be disposed at locations along the transportation system that are not supported by pylons.
- two tubular low-friction sliding pads 550 may be arranged at the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 520 and may be spaced apart by a predetermined distance.
- at least one displacement controller 570 (described below) may be provided to limit longitudinal displacement between the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 such that an end of the interior tube 530 remains in contact with each low-friction sliding pad 550 .
- the two tubular low-friction sliding pads 550 may support an end of the interior tube 530 and may resist bending moments resulting from supporting the vertical load of the end of the interior tube 530 , thereby obviating the need for an independent vertical support structure (e.g., a pylon) at the expansion joint 500 .
- an independent vertical support structure e.g., a pylon
- the O-ring sled 510 may form a tubular shape having an inner circumferential diameter that is larger than an outer circumferential diameter of the interior tube 530 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may be arranged in several segments (described below), e.g., two halves split axially, which can be disassembled and attached sequentially. According to such exemplary, and non-limiting embodiments, the O-ring sled 510 may be removed from the interior of the exterior tube 520 and the segments of the O-ring sled 510 may be disassembled from the interior tube 530 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may be removed from the transportation system and serviced while preserving functionality of the expansion joint 500 .
- the removable O-ring sled 510 may reduce service disruptions, improve the manufacturability and life span, and facilitate maintenance of the transportation system.
- a plurality of grooves 511 are each disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the O-ring sled 510 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may include at least one sealing O-ring 513 disposed in a respective one of the plurality of grooves 511 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may thither include at least one interfacial O-ring 514 arranged at an interface of an end of the O-ring sled 510 and the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 520 .
- the at least one sealing O-ring 513 and the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 contact the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 530 and may together maintain a pressure seal between the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 such that the pressure within the expansion joint 500 may be maintained at a predetermined interior pressure.
- the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 may include at least two interfacial O-rings (not shown) that seal the interior of the exterior tube 520 , reduce the risk of seal failure, and reduce the risk of degradation of the predetermined interior pressure.
- the predetermined interior pressure may be any pressure less than 1 atmosphere at sea level and may approach a vacuum.
- the expansion joint 500 may seal a pressure gradient between an interior and an exterior of the expansion joint 500 of up to one 1 atmosphere at sea level.
- the at least one sealing O-ring 513 may be a “T-style” O-ring with the cross of the “T” disposed within a groove 511 of the O-ring sled 510 .
- the “T-style” O-rings may resist torsional twisting, and thus help to maintain the at least one sealing O-ring 513 within the groove 511 as the at least one sealing O-ring 513 is subjected to longitudinal forces resulting from friction between the at least one sealing O-ring 513 and the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 530 as the interior tube 530 slides with respect to the exterior tube 520 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may include at least two sealing O-rings 513 disposed between the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 and at least one scraper 515 (described below).
- packing material including for example a viscous fluid, such as oil or grease, may be used in conjunction with the at least one sealing O-ring 513 and the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 to further seal the expansion joint 500 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may include at least one lubricator 540 disposed in a respective one of the plurality of grooves 511 .
- the at least one lubricator 540 may contact the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 530 and may provide a lubricant, such as e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, that lubricates the at least one sealing O-ring 513 and the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 to facilitate the sliding of the interior tube 530 with respect to the exterior tube 520 .
- the at least one lubricator 540 may comprise, e.g., a felt and/or sponge material that distributes the lubricant along the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 530 .
- the at least one lubricator 540 may be periodically supplied with lubricant.
- the exterior tube 520 may include a drip-type lubrication reservoir 541 on the outer circumferential surface that drips the lubricant from the lubrication reservoir 541 , through the outer circumferential surface of the exterior tube 520 , and to the lubricator 540 .
- the lubricator 540 may be disposed between two sealing O-rings 513 ; however, the position of the lubricator is not limited to this arrangement and lubricators 540 may be disposed to either or both sides of any sealing O-ring 513 arranged in the O-ring sled 510 .
- the lubrication reservoir 541 may be pressurized.
- the O-ring sled 510 may include at least one scraper 515 disposed in a respective one of the plurality of grooves 511 .
- the at least one scraper 515 may be disposed adjacent to an opening of the O-ring sled 510 .
- the at least one scraper 515 may contact and be substantially flush with the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 530 to prevent foreign materials from entering the O-ring sled 510 .
- the at least one scraper 515 may comprise a hard rubber or any other material with similar properties suitable for preventing foreign materials from penetrating beyond the at least one scraper 515 and between the interior tube 530 and the O-ring sled 510 .
- FIG. 4 further illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the selectively engageable service seal 560 that allows for removal and maintenance of the O-ring sled 510 without the need to shutdown operation of the transportation system and the drawbacks associated therewith.
- the service seal 560 may be disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 520 .
- the service seal 560 may be disposed further within an interior of the exterior tube 520 than the O-ring sled 510 and may selectively provide a pressure-tight seal between the outer circumferential surface of the inner tube 530 and the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 520 .
- the service seal 560 may be an inflatable seal having an inflation valve 561 that provides fluid access to the service seal 560 through a vacuum seal pass-through 521 of the exterior tube (described in further detail below).
- the vacuum seal pass-through 521 may include at least one, two, or more redundant seals (not shown) that seal the interior of the exterior tube 520 , reduce the risk of seal failure, and reduce the risk of degradation of the predetermined interior pressure.
- the service seal 560 may include a seal comprised of hard rubber, and/or other suitable material, that may be engaged by operation of a mechanical lever mechanism (not shown). In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the service seal 560 may be selectively engaged to permit removal of the O-ring sled 510 from the transportation system without loss of pressure within the transportation system.
- At least one displacement controller 570 may be arranged on the outer circumferential surfaces of the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 , which limits longitudinal displacement between the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 .
- the displacement controller 570 may include control rod plates 571 , arranged substantially parallel to each other on a respective one of the outer circumferential surface the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 , and at least one control rod 572 connected to each control rod plate 571 .
- at least one nut 573 may be provided at at least one end of the at least one control rod 572 and the at least one nut 573 may be adjusted to define the maximum longitudinal displacement between the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 .
- the maximum longitudinal displacement allowed by the at least one displacement controller 570 may be 1.5 meters, or up to 1.7 meters.
- the transportation system may include at least three control rods 572 disposed around an outer circumference of the expansion joint 500 .
- ends of the at least three control rods 572 may be respectively attached to a plurality of distinct control rod plates 571 provided at locations around each respective exterior tube 520 /interior tube 530 .
- the control rod plates 571 may be provided continuously around the circumference of each respective exterior tube 520 /interior tube 530 .
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded schematically-depicted perspective view of the slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, including exemplary schematic depictions of the O-ring sled 510 split into two halves axially at junctions 516 , 516 ′, the exterior tube 520 having low-friction sliding pads 550 , and the interior tube 530 .
- the two halves of the O-ring sled 510 may be removably joined together the junctions 516 , 516 ′ via a mechanical clamp (not shown) provided around an outer circumference of the O-ring sled 510 .
- the two halves of the O-ring sled 510 may be removably joined together the junctions 516 , 516 ′ via fasteners (not shown), e.g., bolts, provided at ends of the O-ring sled 510 .
- pins (now shown) may be provided at the junctions 516 , 516 ′ for alignment of the two halves of the O-ring sled 510 .
- the circumferences of the low-friction sliding pads 550 and the interior tube 530 shown schematically in FIG. 5 are not drawn proportionally to each other to allow for a more detailed depiction of the interior of the exterior tube 520 . That is, it should be understood that respective circumferences the low-friction sliding pads 550 and the interior tube 530 are substantially the same to allow the low-friction sliding pads 550 to contact and support the interior tube 530 , as discussed above.
- flanged connections 580 are provided at each end of the expansion joint 500 , which may connect the expansion joint 500 to enclosed structures (e.g., tubes) of the transportation system.
- the exterior tube 520 may include a taper 522 from a body of the exterior tube 520 to an end of the exterior tube 520 opposite to the end of the exterior tube 520 that is structured to receive the O-ring sled 510 and the interior tube 530 .
- the exterior tube 520 may tapper to the opposite end of the exterior tube 520 such that the opposite end may have a circumference equal to both a circumference of the interior tube 530 and a circumference of enclosed structures (e.g., tubes) of the transportation system to facilitate connection of the expansion joint 500 to the transportation system and/or to minimize critical points for stress.
- enclosed structures e.g., tubes
- the exterior tube 520 may have equal circumferences at both ends, and the circumferences of the exterior tube 520 may be equal to that of the circumference of ends of and the enclosed structures of the transportation system.
- the interior tube 530 may taper at an end thereof to fit within the exterior tube 520 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 500 may include the removable O-ring sled 510 , the exterior tube 520 , the at least two low-friction sliding pads 550 , and the interior tube 530 .
- FIG. 6 further provides an exemplary sense of the relative scale of the removable O-ring sled 510 , the exterior tube 520 , the at least two low-friction sliding pads 550 low-friction, and the interior tube 530 in accordance of aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a cut-away schematically-depicted sectional view of the slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 500 may include the removable O-ring sled 510 , the exterior tube 520 , and the interior tube 530 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may include the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 , the at least two sealing O-rings 513 , the at least one lubricator 540 , and the at least one scraper 515 .
- FIG. 7 further provides an exemplary sense of the relative scale of the removable O-ring sled 510 , including the above-listed components thereof, the exterior tube 520 , and the interior tube 530 in accordance of aspects of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an enlarged schematically-depicted sectional view of the slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the O-ring sled 510 may include the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 , the at least two sealing O-rings 513 , the at least one lubricator 540 , and the at least one scraper 515 .
- the O-ring sled 510 may be disposed within the exterior tube 520 and between the interior tube 530 .
- the low-friction sliding pad 550 and the service seal 560 may be disposed longitudinally further within the interior of the exterior tube 520 than removable O-ring sled 510 , which may thereby permit functionality of the expansion joint 500 after the O-ring sled 510 has been removed for servicing, as discussed below.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a schematically-depicted view of an exemplary embodiment of an inflatable service seal 560 , in a deflated state, of the slip-style expansion joint 500 according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- the inflatable service seal 560 may seal the expansion joint 500 , independently from the seal provided by the O-ring sled 510 , and may therefore allow for maintenance of the O-ring sled 510 without the need to shutdown operation of the transportation system.
- the inflatable service seal 560 is arranged, in a longitudinal direction of the exterior tube 520 , between a low-friction sliding pad 550 of the exterior tube 520 and a sealing O-ring 513 of the O-ring sled 510 .
- the inflation valve 561 may be provided through the vacuum seal pass-through 521 of the exterior tube 520 to allow the inflatable service seal 560 to inflate from the deflated state.
- the inflatable service seal 560 may therefore selectively provide a pressure-tight seal between the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 that is independent from the pressure-tight seal created by the removable O-ring sled 510 .
- FIG. 10 illustrates a schematically-depicted view of the exemplary embodiment of an inflatable service seal 560 shown in FIG. 9 , after the inflatable service seal 560 has been inflated to an inflated state, according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- the service seal 560 may directly contact the interior tube 530 to provide the independent pressure-tight seal between the exterior tube 520 and the interior tube 530 .
- FIG. 11 shows a method for continuous operation 1100 of the transportation system having a service seal and a slip-style expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the method for continuous operation 1100 of the transportation system allows for maintenance of the expansion joint without losing pressure within the transportation system and without the costs associated with a shutdown of the system.
- a user establishing a predetermined pressure, e.g., a less than 1 atmosphere at sea level, within an interior of the transportation system.
- the user may engage the service seal with the interior tube to provide a pressure tight seal, independent from the pressure-tight seal provided by the O-ring sled, between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- the user may remove the O-ring sled from the expansion joint while the service seal maintains the interior of the transportation system at the predetermined pressure.
- the user may perform maintenance on the O-ring sled, which may include, e.g., repair and/or replacement of any combination of the least one sealing O-ring, the least one interfacial O-ring, the least one scraper, the least one lubricator, and/or the plurality of grooves.
- the user may reinstall the O-ring sled on the expansion joint and thereafter disengage the service seal, such that the O-ring sled again maintains the interior of the transportation system at the predetermined pressure.
- the user may perform any combination of the steps of the method for continuous operation 1100 of the transportation system manually or via automated processes.
- FIG. 12 shows a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary slip-style expansion joint 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 1300 includes a rolling seal belt 1210 , an exterior tube 1220 , and an interior tube 1230 including a portion that is disposed within the rolling seal belt 1210 and within an opening of the exterior tube 1220 .
- the exterior tube 1220 and the interior tube 1230 may be vertically supported via, for example, pylons (not shown) disposed apart from each other in a longitudinal direction of the transportation system.
- the pylons may be separately attached to each of the respective tubes.
- the exterior tube 1220 and the interior tube 1230 are substantially concentric and the pylons may vertically support the tubes such that a gap G is provided and maintained between an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 1220 and an outer circumferential surface of the portion of the interior tube 1230 disposed within the exterior tube 1220 .
- the width of the gap G may be 2 inches, with other widths also being contemplated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the exterior tube 1220 and the interior tube 1230 may comprise, e.g., a hardened metal material, such as carbon steel. It should be understood, however, that the material is not limited to metals and may comprise any material suitable to maintain the pressure and load requirements of the transportation system. In embodiments, the exterior tube 1220 and the interior tube 1230 may comprise substantially the same materials. In other embodiments, the exterior tube 1220 and the interior tube 1230 may comprise at least some different materials.
- the interior tube 1230 may be connected to the enclosed structure 14 of the transportation system via a flanged connection 1280 .
- the expansion joint 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure may be connected to the enclosed structure of the transportation system at least in accordance with any of arrangements previously disclosed herein.
- the rolling seal belt 1210 may be a hollow cylindrical shape and may further include a folded portion 1211 at which the rolling seal belt 1210 is folded back upon itself.
- the folded portion 1211 may be arranged further within the opening of the exterior tube 1220 than a connector 1270 (described below) that connects the rolling seal belt 1210 to the exterior tube 1220 .
- the folded portion 1211 allows the rolling seal belt 1210 to roll upon itself and therefore longitudinally extend and retract up to a predetermined longitudinal distance while maintaining the predetermined pressure within the transportation system.
- the predetermined longitudinal distance may be 1.5 meters, or up to 1.7 meters.
- the predetermined interior pressure may be any pressure less than 1 atmosphere at sea level and may approach a vacuum
- the expansion joint 1200 may seal a pressure gradient between an interior and an exterior of the expansion joint 1200 of up to one 1 atmosphere at sea level.
- FIG. 13 depicts an exemplary rolling seal belt 1310 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure
- the rolling seal belt 1310 may comprise any flexible, non-porous material that configured and arranged to maintain the predetermined pressure of the transportation system 10 .
- the rolling seal belt 1310 may comprise a unidirectional reinforced rubber, a neoprene elastomer, and/or other suitable materials.
- the rolling seal belt 1310 may be reinforced with a reinforcement material that may comprise a mesh or fabric material to add strength and flexibility to the rolling seal belt 1310 , such as nylon, polyester, Kevlar, and/or combinations thereof. As shown in FIG.
- the reinforcement material may be laid in an axial direction that is transverse across the rolling seal belt 1310 such that the rolling seal belt 1310 may expand and contract diametrically.
- the reinforcement material may limit warping or elongation resulting from a pressure differential across surfaces of the rolling seal belt 1310 .
- ends of the rolling seal belt 1210 are respectively connected to the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 1220 and the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube 1230 via connectors 1270 .
- the rolling seal belt 1210 maintains a pressure-tight seal between the exterior tube 1220 and the interior tube 1230 such that the pressure within the transportation system 10 may be maintained at the predetermined pressure.
- the connectors 1270 may be a mechanical ring clamp; however, other suitable connectors 1270 may include adhesives, rivets, and/or functional equivalents thereof.
- a mechanical ring clamp may be provided around an outer surface of the end of the rolling seal belt in contact with an outside surface to the interior tube.
- FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate an embodiment of an exemplary connector 1470 that connects the rolling seal belt 1410 to an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 1420 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the connector 1470 may include a plurality, e.g., four, arcuate band sections 1471 that each include at least one protruding piece 1472 that protrudes towards an interior formed by the arc-shape of the respective arcuate band section 1471 .
- an inner circumferential surface of ends of adjacent band sections 1471 may be connected via fixing sections 1473 that may include at least two parallel grooves 1474 for bolting the fixing section 1473 to the end of adjacent band sections 1471 .
- the fixing section 1473 may be welded to the band section 1471 .
- the fixing section 1473 may be welded to an end of one band section 1471 and bolted through the parallel grooves 1474 to another adjacent band section 1471 ′.
- both ends of the fixing section 1473 may be bolted to adjacent band sections 1471 .
- both ends of the fixing section 1473 may be welded to adjacent band sections 1471 .
- the exemplary connector 1470 depicted in FIGS. 14A-14C may connect the rolling seal belt 1410 to the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 1420 as follows.
- each of the four band sections 1471 may be connected to each other via fixing pieces 1473 .
- the fixing section 1473 may be welded to an end of one band section 1471 and may be bolted through the parallel grooves 1474 to an adjacent band section 1471 .
- the connector 1470 may define a tubular shape with a circumference that may be adjusted by sliding the bolts along the parallel grooves 1474 of each fixing section 1473 .
- the connector 1470 may be placed inside the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube 1420 and within an inner circumferential surface of the rolling seal belt 1410 at an end of the rolling seal belt 1410 so as to compress the rolling seal belt 14010 between the exterior tube 1420 and the connector 1470 .
- the connector 1470 may be expanded by applying opposing forces, e.g., such as with a hydraulic press, to the protruding pieces 1472 of adjacent band sections 1471 such that the bolts slide within the grooves 1474 of the fixing piece 1473 and a space S is provided between ends of adjacent band sections 1471 .
- a compression force may be applied to the rolling seal belt 1410 disposed between the connector 1470 and the exterior tube 1420 , which may create a pressure-tight seal within the interior of the expansion joint 1400 .
- custom spacers may be inserted to precisely fill the space S between each adjacent band section 1471 and thereby improve the strength of and/or reliability of the seal.
- FIGS. 15A-15C show a cut-away perspective view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure as the exterior tube 1520 and the interior tube 1530 slide longitudinally relative to each other, due to thermal expansion and/or contraction forces.
- FIG. 151 depicts an embodiment of the rolling seal belt 1510 in an extended state in which the rolling seal belt is extended longitudinally to the predetermined distance.
- FIG. 15B depicts the rolling seal belt 1510 at a retracted position in which the rolling seal belt 1510 has further folded over upon itself and the folded portion 1511 has rolled further into the interior of the exterior tube 1520 .
- FIG. 16 illustrates another cut-away perspective view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure with the rolling seal belt 1610 in the retracted position.
- the rolling seal belt 1610 is folded over upon itself and the folded portion 1611 is rolled to depth with the interior of the exterior tube 1620 .
- FIG. 17 shows a cut-away perspective view of an exemplary exterior tube 1720 and an exemplary rolling seal belt 1710 of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1700 in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the rolling seal belt 1710 may include at least one retaining groove 1712 arranged on a surface thereof.
- the at least one retaining groove 1712 may hold a connector 1770 in place that attaches the rolling seal belt 1710 to one of the exterior tube 1720 and the interior tube (described above).
- retaining grooves 1712 may be arranged at each end of the rolling seal belt 1710 to respectively hold and/or position connectors (not shown) for connecting each end of the rolling seal belt 1710 to a respective one of the exterior tube 1720 and the interior tube 1730 .
- FIG. 18 shows a schematically-depicted sectional view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 1800 may include two rolling seal belts 1810 , 1810 ′ disposed at opposing openings of the exterior tube 1820 .
- first and second interior tubes may be accommodated within the exterior tube 1820 , effectively doubling the amount of lateral expansion and/or contraction accommodated by the slip-style expansion joint 1800 .
- rolling seal belts 1810 , 1810 ′ at both ends of the exterior tube 1820 allows for sealing of the interior of the exterior tube 1820 , which improves the reliability during testing of the slip-style expansion joint 1800 since the efficacy of the seal can be tested at a predetermined pressure.
- FIG. 19 shows another schematically-depicted sectional view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 1900 may include the rolling seal belt 1910 , the exterior tube 1920 , and the interior tube 1930 including a portion disposed within the rolling seal belt 1910 and within an opening of the exterior tube 1920 .
- the exterior tube 1920 may include a tapered portion 1922 connected to the enclosed structure 14 of the transportation system via a flanged connection 1980 .
- FIG. 20 shows a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 2000 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 2000 may include two rolling seal belts 2010 , 2010 ′′ attached to each other such that the two belts 2010 , 2010 ′′ share each common connection points 2070 to the exterior and interior tubes 2020 , 2030 .
- the inner surface of the first rolling seal belt 2010 may be adjacent to the outer surface of the second rolling seal belt 2010 ′′ and the volume V between the two belts 2010 , 2010 ′′ may be pressurized with a fluid to a pressure above ambient pressure so that the volume V between the two belts 2010 , 2010 ′′ may be inflated.
- the volume V between the belts may retain its size and pressure.
- FIG. 21A depicts a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary slip-style expansion joint 2100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
- the expansion joint 2100 may be mounted to pylons 2122 , 2122 ′ of the exterior tube 2120 of the expansion joint 2100 via support bearings 2150 .
- the interior tube 2130 may be mounted to pylons (not shown) disposed a lateral distance from pylons 2122 , 2122 ′ in a similar manner.
- the gap G previously described in reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 ) between the exterior tube 2120 and the interior tube 2130 may be maintained.
- the support bearing 2150 may connect the exterior tube 2120 to the pylon 2122 .
- the connection of the expansion joint 2100 to the pylons 2122 , 2122 ′ is not to be limited to the depicted exemplary support bearing 2150 , and any functional equivalent structure may be used for the connection.
- the expansion joint 2100 may include circumferential stiffeners 2140 arranged on an outer circumferential surface of the expansion joint 2100 to maintain the shape of the expansion joint 2100 .
- the circumferential stiffeners 2140 may be comprised of a hardened material, such as steel.
- the circumferential stiffeners 2140 may have an inner diameter that is substantially similar to an outer diameter of the exterior tube 2120 and/or the interior tube 2130 that the respective stiffener 2140 is attached to.
- the circumferential stiffeners 2140 may be attached to the expansion joint 2100 via welding, and/or bolts, for example.
- the circumferential stiffeners 2140 may have a thickness that exceeds (e.g., by 3 inches) the thickness of the exterior tube 2120 and/or the interior tube 2130 that the circumferential stiffeners 2140 are attached to. In embodiments, the circumferential stiffeners 2140 may increase a magnitude of axial excursions that can be accommodated by the expansion joint 2100 . In embodiments, circumferential stiffeners may be applied to any of the expansion joints disclosed herein.
- the present disclosure provides various systems, structures, methods, and apparatuses.
- the words that have been used are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made within the purview of the appended claims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure in its aspects.
- the disclosure has been described with reference to particular materials and embodiments, embodiments of the invention are not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed; rather the invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods, and uses such as are within the scope of the appended claims.
- inventions of the disclosure may be referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept.
- inventions merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept.
- specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown.
- This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the description.
Abstract
A tubular structure includes at least one exterior tube and at least one interior tube, at least a portion of the interior tube is disposed within the exterior tube. The tubular structure further includes at least one expansion joint provided between the exterior tube and the interior tube and the expansion joint allows lateral expansion or contraction of the exterior tube and the interior tube and maintains a pressure within the exterior and the interior tubes.
Description
- The present application is a divisional application of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/452,107 filed on Mar. 7, 2017, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/304,670 filed on Mar. 7, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/314,058 filed on Mar. 28, 2016, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
- The present disclosure relates to expansion joints for a tubular transportation system.
- Traditional transportation modes via water, land, rail and air revolutionized the movement and growth of our current culture. Adverse environmental, societal, and economic impacts of these traditional transportation models, however, initiated a movement to find alternative transportation modes that take advantage of the significant improvements in transportation technology, and efficiently move people and materials between locations. High-speed transportation systems utilizing rails or other structural guidance components have been contemplated as a solution to existing transportation challenges while improving safety, decreasing the environmental impact of traditional transportation modes and reducing the overall time commuting between major metropolitan communities.
- A high speed, high efficiency transportation system may utilize a low-pressure environment in order to reduce drag on a vehicle at high operating speeds, thus providing the dual benefit of allowing greater speed potential and lowering the energy costs associated with overcoming drag forces. In embodiments, these systems may use a near-vacuum (e.g., low-pressure) environment within a tubular structure.
- Several systems have been designed to accommodate predetermined magnitudes of thermal axial expansion within pipes in general. Two such systems include bellows-style expansion joints and slip-style expansion joints. Bellows-style expansion joints are incorporated into the piping system, such that ruffles are included in segments of the pipe itself. Deflection of the ruffled sections absorbs vertical and horizontal forces, allowing the rigid segments of the pipe to maintain their position. Ruffled sections incorporated into the pipe, however, create design challenges and lead to high manufacturing costs. Additionally, the frequent deflection of bellows-style expansion joints increases the incidence of joint failure resulting from, for example, in-plane squirm, column-squirm, fatigue, creep fatigue, burst, collapse, over-stretching, corrosion, etc. Bellows-style expansion joints also lack the ability to resist bending moments, as there lacks lateral and/or angular rigidity within the joint.
- Traditional slip joints address some, but not all, of these shortcomings of bellows-style expansion joints. Slip joints operate as follows: at a connection point of piping, there is an outer tube connected to one side and inner tube connected to the other side. The inner tube, or slip tube, is able to slide in and out of the outer tube, which allows the slip joint to absorb the linear expansion of the pipe. Slip joints may typically be heavier than a bellows-style expansion joint, but may also be cheaper to manufacture, may afford longer longitudinal expansions and/or contractions and may be significantly more robust. Slip joints however rely on “packing material,” including, for example, a viscous fluid such as oil or grease, to diminish friction so that the tubes can slide, as well as to provide some additional pressure seal by filling the small gaps in the joint.
- The packing material generates issues associated with the need for frequent lubrication and replacement, which is expensive, time-consuming, and could necessitate unacceptable closure of the pipeline of the transportation system. Further, in traditional slip joints the interior is typically maintained at a pressure that is greater than a pressure in an environment surrounding the exterior of the pipes. Accordingly, the pressure gradient between the interior of the pipes and the exterior environment may tend to drive any leakage of the packing material to the exterior, rather than the interior of the pipe. Additionally, traditional slip joints do not scale for use on pipes at the size required for the transportation system. That is, traditional slip joints scaled to large diameter sizes become increasingly inefficient, and thus may not be suited for use in such transportation systems. For example, the packing material of traditional slip joints may tend to settle at the lowest point of the joint leading to a maldistribution around the circumference of the joint; a problem that is exacerbated as the diameter of the joint increases.
- Accordingly, there exists a need for improved expansion joints adapted for use in a low pressure environment transportation system.
- Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a tubular structure, comprising at least one exterior tube having an opening and an interior, at least one interior tube, at least a portion of the at least one interior tube is configured to be disposed through the opening and within the interior of the at least one exterior tube, and at least one expansion joint provided between the at least one exterior tube and the portion of the at least one interior tube. The at least one expansion joint is configured to allow lateral expansion and contraction of the exterior tube and the interior tube while maintaining a predetermined pressure within the exterior and the interior tube.
- By implementing aspects of the present disclosure, expansion joints having diameters large enough for use in the low pressure environment transportation system may be provided. Further, the need for a packing material may be eliminated or reduced. Accordingly, leakage of the packing material into the interior of the transportation system, driven by the pressure gradient of the low pressure environment, may be obviated or reduced.
- In further embodiments, the expansion joint comprises a removable O-ring sled structured and arranged to be attached to an end of the exterior tube.
- In additional embodiments, the tubular structure further comprises at least one friction sliding pad structured and arranged on an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube. The at least one friction sliding pad supports an outer circumferential surface of the portion of the interior tube and provides a low friction surface for facilitating sliding of the interior tube relative to the exterior tube in a longitudinal direction of the tubular structure.
- In some embodiments, the expansion joint further comprises a service seal structured and arranged within the interior of the exterior tube beyond the O-ring sled in a longitudinal direction of the exterior tube. The service seal is structured and arranged to selectively provide a seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- In certain embodiments, the service seal and the O-ring sled are each configured to independently provide a seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- In yet further embodiments, the service seal comprises an inflatable seal that, when inflated, selectively provides the seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- In further embodiments, the O-ring sled comprises at least one sealing O-ring structured and arranged to form a seal between the exterior tube and the interior tube.
- In additional embodiments, the at least one sealing O-ring is a T-style O-ring.
- In certain embodiments, the O-ring sled comprises at least one lubricator that is configured to lubricate an outer circumferential surface of the interior tube.
- In some embodiments, the tubular structure further comprises a lubricant reservoir. The lubricator contacts the outer circumferential surface of the interior tube and supplies lubricant via the lubricant reservoir disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the exterior tube.
- In yet further embodiments, the O-ring sled is structured and arranged in at least two segments so as to be removable from the expansion joint without requiring removal of the portion of the at least one interior tube configured to be disposed within the interior of the at least one exterior tube.
- In additional embodiments, the expansion joint comprises a tubular rolling seal belt, and the rolling seal belt has a first end attached to an outer circumferential surface of the interior tube and a second end attached to an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube.
- In additional embodiments, the rolling seal belt comprises a flexible material reinforced by a reinforcement material.
- In some embodiments, the second end of the rolling seal belt is attached to the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube via a tubular connector structured and arranged to apply a compressive force to the rolling real belt.
- In some embodiments, the tubular connector includes at least two arcuate band sections connected at ends thereof via fixing sections.
- In further embodiments, the ends of the arcuate band sections are adjustably connected to the fixing sections such that a space between the ends of the arcuate band sections may be adjusted.
- In yet further embodiments, the rolling seal belt is able to fold back upon itself and is configured to roll laterally such that an effective lateral length of the rolling seal belt is adjustable.
- In additional embodiments, the tubular structure further comprises a second rolling seal belt. The tubular rolling seal belt is a first rolling seal belt, and the first rolling seal belt is attached to the opening of the exterior tube and the second rolling seal belt is attached to a second opening of the exterior tube.
- In yet further embodiments, the exterior tube is attached to a pylon via a bearing.
- Additional aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a method of maintaining a predetermined pressure within a tubular structure having an interior tube, an exterior tube, a pressure-tight service seal, and an O-ring sled disposed between the interior tube and the exterior tube. The method comprises establishing an interior of the tubular structure at the predetermined pressure, engaging the pressure-tight service seal between the interior tube and the exterior tube, and removing the O-ring sled from the tubular structure while the pressure-tight service seal maintains the predetermined pressure of the interior of the tubular structure.
- The novel features which are characteristic of the systems, both as to structure and method of operation thereof, together with further aims and advantages thereof, will be understood from the following description, considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the system are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only, and they are not intended as a definition of the limits of the system. For a more complete understanding of the disclosure, as well as other aims and further features thereof, reference may be had to the following detailed description of the disclosure in conjunction with the following exemplary and non-limiting drawings wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematically-depicted view of a transportation system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a view of an exemplary capsule for use in the transportation system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of aspects of a tubular structure stability system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 7 illustrates a cut-away schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 8 illustrates an enlarged schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 9 illustrates a schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint with an exemplary inflatable service seal in a deflated state in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 10 illustrates the exemplary inflatable service seal shown inFIG. 9 in an inflated state in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary process for continuous operation of a transportation system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 12 illustrates a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of another exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary rolling seal belt in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 14A illustrates an exemplary compression seal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 14B illustrates a magnified perspective view of an exemplary compression seal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 14C illustrates a cut away view of an exemplary compression seal in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIGS. 15A-15C illustrate a cut-away perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint at different states of expansion in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 16 illustrates another cut-away perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 17 illustrates a cut-away perspective view of an exemplary exterior tube and an exemplary rolling seal belt of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary exterior tube having opposing exemplary rolling seal belts of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 19 illustrates another schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 20 illustrates a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint having an exemplary two rolling seal belt arrangement in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 21A illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and -
FIG. 21B illustrates a partial cut-away sectional view of an exemplary expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. - In the following description, the various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with respect to the enclosed drawings. As required, detailed embodiments of the embodiments of the present disclosure are discussed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the embodiments of the disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale and some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure.
- The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the present disclosure only and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the present disclosure. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the present disclosure in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the present disclosure, such that the description, taken with the drawings, making apparent to those skilled in the art how the forms of the present disclosure may be embodied in practice.
- As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to “a magnetic material” would also indicate that mixtures of one or more magnetic materials can be present unless specifically excluded.
- Except where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by embodiments of the present disclosure. At the very least, and not to be considered as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding conventions (unless otherwise explicitly indicated).
- Additionally, the recitation of numerical ranges within this specification is considered to be a disclosure of all numerical values and ranges within that range (unless otherwise explicitly indicated). For example, if a range is from about 1 to about 50, it is deemed to include, for example, 1, 7, 34, 46.1, 23.7, or any other value or range within the range.
- As used herein, the terms “about” and “approximately” indicate that the amount or value in question may be the specific value designated or some other value in its neighborhood. Generally, the terms “about” and “approximately” denoting a certain value is intended to denote a range within ±5% of the value. As one example, the phrase “about 100” denotes a range of 100±5, i.e. the range from 95 to 105. Generally, when the terms “about” and “approximately” are used, it can be expected that similar results or effects according to the disclosure can be obtained within a range of ±5% of the indicated value.
- As used herein, the term “and/or” indicates that either all or only one of the elements of said group may be present. For example, “A and/or B” indicates “only A, or only B, or both A and B.” in the case of “only A,” the term also covers the possibility that B is absent, i.e. “only A, but not B.”
- The term “substantially parallel” refers to deviating less than 20° from parallel alignment and the term “substantially perpendicular” refers to deviating less than 20° from perpendicular alignment. The term “parallel” refers to deviating less than 5° from mathematically exact parallel alignment. Similarly “perpendicular” refers to deviating less than 5° from mathematically exact perpendicular alignment.
- The term “at least partially” is intended to denote that the following property is fulfilled to a certain extent or completely.
- The terms “substantially” and “essentially” are used to denote that the following feature, property or parameter is either completely (entirely) realized or satisfied or to a major degree that does not adversely affect the intended result.
- The term “comprising” as used herein is intended to be non-exclusive and open-ended. Thus, for instance a composition comprising a compound A may include other compounds besides A. However, the term “comprising” also covers the more restrictive meanings of “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of,” so that for instance “a composition comprising a compound A” may also (essentially) consist of the compound A.
- The various embodiments disclosed herein can be used separately and in various combinations unless specifically stated to the =Army.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , atransportation system 10 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In embodiments, thetransportation system 10 comprises one or more capsules ortransport pods 12 traveling through at least one enclosed structure (e.g., a tube) 14 between two ormore stations 16. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, thecapsules 12 of thetransportation system 10 move through a low-pressure environment within the at least oneenclosed structure 14. In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the low-pressure environment includes (but is not limited to) any pressure that is below 1 atmosphere (or approximately 1 bar) at sea level. - Some elements of a high-speed transportation system are discussed in commonly-assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 15/007,783, entitled “Transportation System,” filed in the USPTO on Jan. 27, 2016, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- In embodiments of the present disclosure, the
transportation system 10 comprises one or more partially evacuatedenclosed structures 14 that connectstations 16 in a closed loop system. In embodiments,enclosed structures 14 may be sized for optimal air flow around thecapsule 12 to improve performance and energy consumption efficiency at the expected or design travel speed. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the low-pressure environment in theenclosed structures 14 minimizes the drag force on thecapsule 12, while maintaining the relative ease of pumping; out the air from the tubes. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 , an exemplary and non-limiting depiction of the capsule ortransport pod 12 of thetransportation system 10 is illustrated. In embodiments, thecapsule 12 may be streamlined to reduce an air drag coefficient as thecapsule 12 travels through the low-pressure environment of the at least one enclosed structure 14 (e.g., tube) of thetransportation system 10. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, in certain embodiments, a compressor arranged at the front end of the capsule is operable to ingest at least a portion of the incoming air and pass it through the capsule (instead of displacing the air around the vehicle). For example, as schematically shown in the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 2 , thecapsule 12 may include a compressor at its leading face. In embodiments, the compressor is operable to ingest oncoming air and may utilize the compressed air for the levitation process (when, for example, the capsules are supported via air bearings that operate using a compressed air reservoir and aerodynamic lift). Additionally, as schematically shown in the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 2 , in embodiments, the compressed air may be used to spin a turbine, for example, located at the rear end of the capsule, to provide power to thecapsule 12. As schematically shown in the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 2 , thecapsule 12 may also include a motor structured and arranged to drive the compressor, and a battery for storing energy, e.g., derived from the turbine. Thecapsule 12 also includes a payload area, which may be configured for humans, for cargo, and/or for both humans and cargo. -
FIG. 3 illustrates aschematic perspective view 300 of exemplary aspects of a tubular structure stability system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Some elements of the tubular structure stability system are discussed in commonly-assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 15/007,745, entitled “Expansion Joints, Dampers and Control Systems for a Tubular Transportation Structure Stability System,” filed in the USPTO on Jan. 27, 2016, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein. - As shown in the non-limiting embodiment of
FIG. 3 , a pair ofcylindrical tubes 14 are generally positioned in a side-by-side configuration. In certain embodiments,tubes 14 are supported above ground (not shown) by a series of supports (e.g., pillars orpylons 22, with only one shown inFIG. 3 ) spaced apart along a path of travel. In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, thepillars 22 may be placed approximately every 1.00 feet (30 m) along the transportation path. - In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, embodiments include one or more systems for isolating a tubular system from the ground, for example, through the use of linear slides and dampers, as well as thermal expansion joints, to allow the relatively rigid tube to translate (or move) relative to the support pylons and/or expand or contract as necessary to compensate for, e.g., the daily thermal cycle and/or internal system heat production. As discussed herein, embodiments may utilize, for example, local linear slides and spring-dampers that enable centering and long timescale expansion and contraction of the tube. Embodiments may also utilize axial expansion joints (e.g., periodic axial expansion joints) to compensate for any limitation of travel of the tube on the pylon that may be imposed by the structure and operational range of the linear slides and dampers. As discussed herein, embodiments enable an expansion of a tube to be translated onto the axial (or longitudinal) and transverse (or lateral) planes. For example, with some embodiments, up to one meter of axial and transverse movement may be displaced locally to the pylons. Additionally, in one exemplary embodiment, a thermal expansion joint may be configured to undergo up to 1.5 meters of expansion for every kilometer of the tube length, which can accommodate up to a 100 degree Celsius temperature change in the tube structure.
- As shown in
FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, the tubular structure stability system. 300 may include at least oneexpansion joint 500 arranged on atube 14, which is structured and arranged to enable a relative movement between sections of thetube 14 inlongitudinal directions 315 to adjust for longitudinal forces acting on the tubes 14 (e.g., expansion and/or contraction of tubes due to thermal conditions). - Additionally, as shown in
FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, the tubularstructure stability system 300 may include at least onedamper system 1000 having one or more dampers and slide arrangements betweenrespective pillars 22 andtubes 14 to adjust for imposed lateral forces indirection 310 and/or longitudinal forces in direction 315 (e.g., due to forces caused by the capsule movement, thermal considerations, and/or seismic events). In certain embodiments, thetubes 14 may be fixed to the dampeningsystem 1000, and the dampeningsystem 1000 is supported bypillars 22. In some embodiments, thepillars 22 and the dampeningsystem 1000 are structured and arranged to constrain thetubes 14 in a vertical direction (i.e., direction 320) while allowing for relative longitudinal (i.e., direction 315) and lateral movement (i.e., direction 310) of thetube 14 relative to arespective pillar 22. - In additional embodiments, the
damper system 1000 may also include a vertical damper (not shown) to adjust for vertical forces in vertical direction 320 (e.g., due to forces caused by the capsule movement, thermal considerations, and/or seismic events). Some embodiments may also allow for some movement in the vertical direction between thepillars 22 and the tubes 18, 20, and/or between the pillar and the ground. In addition, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the position of the pillar-to-tube connection may be adjustable vertically and/or laterally, for example, to ensure proper alignment of the tube, and/or to provide for a smoother ride. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, theexpansion joint 500 may be arranged along atransportation tube 14 at adistance 305 from apillar 22. In certain embodiments, thedistance 305 may be located a distance from arespective pillar 22 along thetube 14 that has a minimum moment point. In other contemplated embodiments,distance 305 may be approximately zero (e.g., anexpansion joint 500 is arranged approximately adjacent to a damper system 1000). In other embodiments, theexpansion joint 500 may be arranged anywhere along thetube 14. In further embodiments of the present disclosure, expansion (or slip) joints may be provided at each station (or, e.g., approximate to each station), or at positions between stations, to adjust for tube length variance due to, for example, thermal expansion. -
FIG. 4 shows a schematic section view of an exemplary slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. With this exemplary and non-limiting embodiment ofFIG. 4 , theexpansion joint 500 includes an O-ring sled 510 that is removably attached to an end of anexterior tube 520, and aninterior tube 530 including a portion disposed within an end of the O-ring sled 510 and the end of theexterior tube 520. Theinterior tube 530 may be connected to theenclosed structure 14 of the transportation system via aflanged connection 580. An end of the O-ring sled 510 is attached to the end of theexterior tube 520 via at least onefastener 512, which may include one or more bolts that are fixed to respective bore holes of theexterior tube 520. Theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530 may comprise a hardened metal material, such as carbon steel. It should be understood, however, that the material is not limited to metals and may comprise any material suitable to maintain the pressure and load forces required for operation of the transportation system. In embodiments, theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530 may comprise substantially the same materials, in other embodiments, theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530 may comprise at least some different materials. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , a plurality of tubular low-friction sliding pads 550 (e.g. two or more) are disposed on an inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 520. The low-friction sliding pads 550 support an outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 530, maintain a gap G between the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 520 and the outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 530, and allow theinterior tube 530 to slide longitudinally, e.g., due to thermal expansion and/or contraction forces, with respect to theexterior tube 520, in embodiments, the low-friction sliding pads 550 provide a low friction surface such that a coefficient of friction between the low-friction sliding pads 550 and theinterior tube 530 is lower than a coefficient of friction between theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530. Because the end of theinterior tube 530 is vertically supported by the low-friction sliding pads 550 of theexterior tube 520, theexpansion joint 500 may by disposed anywhere along the transportation system. For example, anexemplary expansion joint 500 may be disposed at locations along the transportation system that are not supported by pylons. - In some embodiments, two tubular low-
friction sliding pads 550 may be arranged at the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 520 and may be spaced apart by a predetermined distance. In embodiments, at least one displacement controller 570 (described below) may be provided to limit longitudinal displacement between theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530 such that an end of theinterior tube 530 remains in contact with each low-friction sliding pad 550. According to this arrangement, the two tubular low-friction sliding pads 550 may support an end of theinterior tube 530 and may resist bending moments resulting from supporting the vertical load of the end of theinterior tube 530, thereby obviating the need for an independent vertical support structure (e.g., a pylon) at theexpansion joint 500. - In embodiments, the O-
ring sled 510 may form a tubular shape having an inner circumferential diameter that is larger than an outer circumferential diameter of theinterior tube 530. In embodiments, the O-ring sled 510 may be arranged in several segments (described below), e.g., two halves split axially, which can be disassembled and attached sequentially. According to such exemplary, and non-limiting embodiments, the O-ring sled 510 may be removed from the interior of theexterior tube 520 and the segments of the O-ring sled 510 may be disassembled from theinterior tube 530. By disassembling the O-ring sled 510 in this exemplary and non-limiting manner and by activating a selectively engageable service seal 560 (described below), the O-ring sled 510 may be removed from the transportation system and serviced while preserving functionality of theexpansion joint 500. Thus, according to aspects of the disclosure the removable O-ring sled 510 may reduce service disruptions, improve the manufacturability and life span, and facilitate maintenance of the transportation system. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , a plurality ofgrooves 511 are each disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the O-ring sled 510. With an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the O-ring sled 510 may include at least one sealing O-ring 513 disposed in a respective one of the plurality ofgrooves 511. In embodiments, the O-ring sled 510 may thither include at least one interfacial O-ring 514 arranged at an interface of an end of the O-ring sled 510 and the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 520. - The at least one sealing O-
ring 513 and the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 contact the outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 530 and may together maintain a pressure seal between theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530 such that the pressure within theexpansion joint 500 may be maintained at a predetermined interior pressure. In embodiments, the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 may include at least two interfacial O-rings (not shown) that seal the interior of theexterior tube 520, reduce the risk of seal failure, and reduce the risk of degradation of the predetermined interior pressure. In embodiments, the predetermined interior pressure may be any pressure less than 1 atmosphere at sea level and may approach a vacuum. In embodiment's, theexpansion joint 500 may seal a pressure gradient between an interior and an exterior of theexpansion joint 500 of up to one 1 atmosphere at sea level. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , the at least one sealing O-ring 513 may be a “T-style” O-ring with the cross of the “T” disposed within agroove 511 of the O-ring sled 510. The “T-style” O-rings may resist torsional twisting, and thus help to maintain the at least one sealing O-ring 513 within thegroove 511 as the at least one sealing O-ring 513 is subjected to longitudinal forces resulting from friction between the at least one sealing O-ring 513 and the outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 530 as theinterior tube 530 slides with respect to theexterior tube 520. In embodiments, the O-ring sled 510 may include at least two sealing O-rings 513 disposed between the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 and at least one scraper 515 (described below). In embodiments, packing material, including for example a viscous fluid, such as oil or grease, may be used in conjunction with the at least one sealing O-ring 513 and the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 to further seal theexpansion joint 500. - As is further depicted in
FIG. 4 , in an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment according to aspects of the disclosure the O-ring sled 510 may include at least onelubricator 540 disposed in a respective one of the plurality ofgrooves 511. The at least onelubricator 540 may contact the outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 530 and may provide a lubricant, such as e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, that lubricates the at least one sealing O-ring 513 and the at least one interfacial O-ring 514 to facilitate the sliding of theinterior tube 530 with respect to theexterior tube 520. The at least onelubricator 540 may comprise, e.g., a felt and/or sponge material that distributes the lubricant along the outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 530. In embodiments, the at least onelubricator 540 may be periodically supplied with lubricant. In embodiments, theexterior tube 520 may include a drip-type lubrication reservoir 541 on the outer circumferential surface that drips the lubricant from thelubrication reservoir 541, through the outer circumferential surface of theexterior tube 520, and to thelubricator 540. In embodiments, thelubricator 540 may be disposed between two sealing O-rings 513; however, the position of the lubricator is not limited to this arrangement andlubricators 540 may be disposed to either or both sides of any sealing O-ring 513 arranged in the O-ring sled 510. In embodiments, thelubrication reservoir 541 may be pressurized. - As depicted in
FIG. 4 , in accordance with exemplary and non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure the O-ring sled 510 may include at least onescraper 515 disposed in a respective one of the plurality ofgrooves 511. The at least onescraper 515 may be disposed adjacent to an opening of the O-ring sled 510. The at least onescraper 515 may contact and be substantially flush with the outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 530 to prevent foreign materials from entering the O-ring sled 510. The at least onescraper 515 may comprise a hard rubber or any other material with similar properties suitable for preventing foreign materials from penetrating beyond the at least onescraper 515 and between theinterior tube 530 and the O-ring sled 510. -
FIG. 4 further illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the selectivelyengageable service seal 560 that allows for removal and maintenance of the O-ring sled 510 without the need to shutdown operation of the transportation system and the drawbacks associated therewith. In embodiments, theservice seal 560 may be disposed on the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 520. Theservice seal 560 may be disposed further within an interior of theexterior tube 520 than the O-ring sled 510 and may selectively provide a pressure-tight seal between the outer circumferential surface of theinner tube 530 and the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 520. Theservice seal 560 may be an inflatable seal having aninflation valve 561 that provides fluid access to theservice seal 560 through a vacuum seal pass-through 521 of the exterior tube (described in further detail below). In embodiments, the vacuum seal pass-through 521 may include at least one, two, or more redundant seals (not shown) that seal the interior of theexterior tube 520, reduce the risk of seal failure, and reduce the risk of degradation of the predetermined interior pressure. In embodiments, theservice seal 560 may include a seal comprised of hard rubber, and/or other suitable material, that may be engaged by operation of a mechanical lever mechanism (not shown). In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, theservice seal 560 may be selectively engaged to permit removal of the O-ring sled 510 from the transportation system without loss of pressure within the transportation system. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , at least onedisplacement controller 570 may be arranged on the outer circumferential surfaces of theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530, which limits longitudinal displacement between theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530. Thedisplacement controller 570 may includecontrol rod plates 571, arranged substantially parallel to each other on a respective one of the outer circumferential surface theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530, and at least onecontrol rod 572 connected to eachcontrol rod plate 571. In embodiments, at least onenut 573 may be provided at at least one end of the at least onecontrol rod 572 and the at least onenut 573 may be adjusted to define the maximum longitudinal displacement between theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530. In embodiments, the maximum longitudinal displacement allowed by the at least onedisplacement controller 570 may be 1.5 meters, or up to 1.7 meters. - According to aspects of the present disclosure (not shown), the transportation system may include at least three
control rods 572 disposed around an outer circumference of theexpansion joint 500. In embodiments, ends of the at least threecontrol rods 572 may be respectively attached to a plurality of distinctcontrol rod plates 571 provided at locations around eachrespective exterior tube 520/interior tube 530. In further embodiments, thecontrol rod plates 571 may be provided continuously around the circumference of eachrespective exterior tube 520/interior tube 530. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded schematically-depicted perspective view of the slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, including exemplary schematic depictions of the O-ring sled 510 split into two halves axially atjunctions exterior tube 520 having low-friction sliding pads 550, and theinterior tube 530. In embodiments in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the two halves of the O-ring sled 510 may be removably joined together thejunctions ring sled 510. In further embodiments, the two halves of the O-ring sled 510 may be removably joined together thejunctions ring sled 510. In embodiments, pins (now shown) may be provided at thejunctions ring sled 510. It should be noted that the circumferences of the low-friction sliding pads 550 and theinterior tube 530 shown schematically inFIG. 5 are not drawn proportionally to each other to allow for a more detailed depiction of the interior of theexterior tube 520. That is, it should be understood that respective circumferences the low-friction sliding pads 550 and theinterior tube 530 are substantially the same to allow the low-friction sliding pads 550 to contact and support theinterior tube 530, as discussed above. - According to an exemplary embodiment,
flanged connections 580 are provided at each end of theexpansion joint 500, which may connect theexpansion joint 500 to enclosed structures (e.g., tubes) of the transportation system. Further, theexterior tube 520 may include ataper 522 from a body of theexterior tube 520 to an end of theexterior tube 520 opposite to the end of theexterior tube 520 that is structured to receive the O-ring sled 510 and theinterior tube 530. In embodiments, theexterior tube 520 may tapper to the opposite end of theexterior tube 520 such that the opposite end may have a circumference equal to both a circumference of theinterior tube 530 and a circumference of enclosed structures (e.g., tubes) of the transportation system to facilitate connection of theexpansion joint 500 to the transportation system and/or to minimize critical points for stress. - In yet another embodiment (not shown), the
exterior tube 520 may have equal circumferences at both ends, and the circumferences of theexterior tube 520 may be equal to that of the circumference of ends of and the enclosed structures of the transportation system. According to this embodiment, theinterior tube 530 may taper at an end thereof to fit within theexterior tube 520. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 6 , theexpansion joint 500 may include the removable O-ring sled 510, theexterior tube 520, the at least two low-friction sliding pads 550, and theinterior tube 530.FIG. 6 further provides an exemplary sense of the relative scale of the removable O-ring sled 510, theexterior tube 520, the at least two low-friction sliding pads 550 low-friction, and theinterior tube 530 in accordance of aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a cut-away schematically-depicted sectional view of the slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 7 , theexpansion joint 500 may include the removable O-ring sled 510, theexterior tube 520, and theinterior tube 530. In embodiments, the O-ring sled 510 may include the at least one interfacial O-ring 514, the at least two sealing O-rings 513, the at least onelubricator 540, and the at least onescraper 515.FIG. 7 further provides an exemplary sense of the relative scale of the removable O-ring sled 510, including the above-listed components thereof, theexterior tube 520, and theinterior tube 530 in accordance of aspects of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 8 illustrates an enlarged schematically-depicted sectional view of the slip-style expansion joint 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In embodiments, the O-ring sled 510 may include the at least one interfacial O-ring 514, the at least two sealing O-rings 513, the at least onelubricator 540, and the at least onescraper 515. As shown inFIG. 8 , the O-ring sled 510 may be disposed within theexterior tube 520 and between theinterior tube 530. In embodiments, the low-friction sliding pad 550 and theservice seal 560 may be disposed longitudinally further within the interior of theexterior tube 520 than removable O-ring sled 510, which may thereby permit functionality of theexpansion joint 500 after the O-ring sled 510 has been removed for servicing, as discussed below. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a schematically-depicted view of an exemplary embodiment of aninflatable service seal 560, in a deflated state, of the slip-style expansion joint 500 according to aspects of the present disclosure. In aspects of the present disclosure, theinflatable service seal 560 may seal theexpansion joint 500, independently from the seal provided by the O-ring sled 510, and may therefore allow for maintenance of the O-ring sled 510 without the need to shutdown operation of the transportation system. According to this exemplary embodiment, theinflatable service seal 560 is arranged, in a longitudinal direction of theexterior tube 520, between a low-friction sliding pad 550 of theexterior tube 520 and a sealing O-ring 513 of the O-ring sled 510. In embodiments, theinflation valve 561 may be provided through the vacuum seal pass-through 521 of theexterior tube 520 to allow theinflatable service seal 560 to inflate from the deflated state. Theinflatable service seal 560 may therefore selectively provide a pressure-tight seal between theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530 that is independent from the pressure-tight seal created by the removable O-ring sled 510. -
FIG. 10 illustrates a schematically-depicted view of the exemplary embodiment of aninflatable service seal 560 shown inFIG. 9 , after theinflatable service seal 560 has been inflated to an inflated state, according to aspects of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 10 , in the inflated state theservice seal 560 may directly contact theinterior tube 530 to provide the independent pressure-tight seal between theexterior tube 520 and theinterior tube 530. -
FIG. 11 shows a method forcontinuous operation 1100 of the transportation system having a service seal and a slip-style expansion joint in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The method forcontinuous operation 1100 of the transportation system allows for maintenance of the expansion joint without losing pressure within the transportation system and without the costs associated with a shutdown of the system. As shown in the exemplary method ofFIG. 11 atstep 1110, a user establishing a predetermined pressure, e.g., a less than 1 atmosphere at sea level, within an interior of the transportation system. Atstep 1120, the user may engage the service seal with the interior tube to provide a pressure tight seal, independent from the pressure-tight seal provided by the O-ring sled, between the exterior tube and the interior tube. Atstep 1130 the user may remove the O-ring sled from the expansion joint while the service seal maintains the interior of the transportation system at the predetermined pressure. Atstep 1140, the user may perform maintenance on the O-ring sled, which may include, e.g., repair and/or replacement of any combination of the least one sealing O-ring, the least one interfacial O-ring, the least one scraper, the least one lubricator, and/or the plurality of grooves. Atstep 1150, the user may reinstall the O-ring sled on the expansion joint and thereafter disengage the service seal, such that the O-ring sled again maintains the interior of the transportation system at the predetermined pressure. According to aspects of the disclosure, the user may perform any combination of the steps of the method forcontinuous operation 1100 of the transportation system manually or via automated processes. -
FIG. 12 shows a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary slip-style expansion joint 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 12 , the expansion joint 1300 includes a rollingseal belt 1210, anexterior tube 1220, and aninterior tube 1230 including a portion that is disposed within the rollingseal belt 1210 and within an opening of theexterior tube 1220. According to aspects of the disclosure, theexterior tube 1220 and theinterior tube 1230 may be vertically supported via, for example, pylons (not shown) disposed apart from each other in a longitudinal direction of the transportation system. In embodiments, the pylons may be separately attached to each of the respective tubes. Theexterior tube 1220 and theinterior tube 1230 are substantially concentric and the pylons may vertically support the tubes such that a gap G is provided and maintained between an inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 1220 and an outer circumferential surface of the portion of theinterior tube 1230 disposed within theexterior tube 1220. In exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, the width of the gap G may be 2 inches, with other widths also being contemplated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. - The
exterior tube 1220 and theinterior tube 1230 may comprise, e.g., a hardened metal material, such as carbon steel. It should be understood, however, that the material is not limited to metals and may comprise any material suitable to maintain the pressure and load requirements of the transportation system. In embodiments, theexterior tube 1220 and theinterior tube 1230 may comprise substantially the same materials. In other embodiments, theexterior tube 1220 and theinterior tube 1230 may comprise at least some different materials. - As shown in
FIG. 12 , in exemplary embodiments in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure theinterior tube 1230 may be connected to theenclosed structure 14 of the transportation system via aflanged connection 1280. In embodiments, theexpansion joint 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure may be connected to the enclosed structure of the transportation system at least in accordance with any of arrangements previously disclosed herein. - As is further illustrated in
FIG. 12 , according to aspects of the present disclosure the rollingseal belt 1210 may be a hollow cylindrical shape and may further include a foldedportion 1211 at which the rollingseal belt 1210 is folded back upon itself. The foldedportion 1211 may be arranged further within the opening of theexterior tube 1220 than a connector 1270 (described below) that connects the rollingseal belt 1210 to theexterior tube 1220. The foldedportion 1211 allows the rollingseal belt 1210 to roll upon itself and therefore longitudinally extend and retract up to a predetermined longitudinal distance while maintaining the predetermined pressure within the transportation system. In embodiments, the predetermined longitudinal distance may be 1.5 meters, or up to 1.7 meters. In embodiments, the predetermined interior pressure may be any pressure less than 1 atmosphere at sea level and may approach a vacuum, in embodiments, theexpansion joint 1200 may seal a pressure gradient between an interior and an exterior of theexpansion joint 1200 of up to one 1 atmosphere at sea level. -
FIG. 13 depicts an exemplary rollingseal belt 1310 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure As shown inFIG. 13 , the rollingseal belt 1310 may comprise any flexible, non-porous material that configured and arranged to maintain the predetermined pressure of thetransportation system 10. In exemplary embodiments, the rollingseal belt 1310 may comprise a unidirectional reinforced rubber, a neoprene elastomer, and/or other suitable materials. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the rollingseal belt 1310 may be reinforced with a reinforcement material that may comprise a mesh or fabric material to add strength and flexibility to the rollingseal belt 1310, such as nylon, polyester, Kevlar, and/or combinations thereof. As shown inFIG. 13 , in embodiments the reinforcement material may be laid in an axial direction that is transverse across the rollingseal belt 1310 such that the rollingseal belt 1310 may expand and contract diametrically. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the reinforcement material may limit warping or elongation resulting from a pressure differential across surfaces of the rollingseal belt 1310. - Referring to
FIG. 12 , in exemplary embodiments ends of the rollingseal belt 1210 are respectively connected to the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 1220 and the outer circumferential surface of theinterior tube 1230 viaconnectors 1270. According to aspects of the present disclosure, the rollingseal belt 1210 maintains a pressure-tight seal between theexterior tube 1220 and theinterior tube 1230 such that the pressure within thetransportation system 10 may be maintained at the predetermined pressure. In embodiments, theconnectors 1270 may be a mechanical ring clamp; however, othersuitable connectors 1270 may include adhesives, rivets, and/or functional equivalents thereof. In embodiments (not shown), a mechanical ring clamp may be provided around an outer surface of the end of the rolling seal belt in contact with an outside surface to the interior tube. -
FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate an embodiment of anexemplary connector 1470 that connects the rollingseal belt 1410 to an inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 1420 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiments, theconnector 1470 may include a plurality, e.g., four,arcuate band sections 1471 that each include at least one protrudingpiece 1472 that protrudes towards an interior formed by the arc-shape of the respectivearcuate band section 1471. In embodiments, an inner circumferential surface of ends ofadjacent band sections 1471 may be connected via fixingsections 1473 that may include at least twoparallel grooves 1474 for bolting thefixing section 1473 to the end ofadjacent band sections 1471. in embodiments, thefixing section 1473 may be welded to theband section 1471. In the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 14B , thefixing section 1473 may be welded to an end of oneband section 1471 and bolted through theparallel grooves 1474 to anotheradjacent band section 1471′. In embodiments, both ends of thefixing section 1473 may be bolted toadjacent band sections 1471. In embodiments, after theconnector 1470 is installed within theexterior tube 1420, both ends of thefixing section 1473 may be welded toadjacent band sections 1471. - According to aspects of the present disclosure, the
exemplary connector 1470 depicted inFIGS. 14A-14C may connect the rollingseal belt 1410 to the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 1420 as follows. As shown inFIG. 14A , each of the fourband sections 1471 may be connected to each other via fixingpieces 1473. As shown inFIG. 14B , thefixing section 1473 may be welded to an end of oneband section 1471 and may be bolted through theparallel grooves 1474 to anadjacent band section 1471. In embodiments, theconnector 1470 may define a tubular shape with a circumference that may be adjusted by sliding the bolts along theparallel grooves 1474 of each fixingsection 1473. - As shown in cross-section in
FIG. 14C , theconnector 1470 may be placed inside the inner circumferential surface of theexterior tube 1420 and within an inner circumferential surface of the rollingseal belt 1410 at an end of the rollingseal belt 1410 so as to compress the rolling seal belt 14010 between theexterior tube 1420 and theconnector 1470. In embodiments, theconnector 1470 may be expanded by applying opposing forces, e.g., such as with a hydraulic press, to the protrudingpieces 1472 ofadjacent band sections 1471 such that the bolts slide within thegrooves 1474 of thefixing piece 1473 and a space S is provided between ends ofadjacent band sections 1471. By expanding theconnector 1470 within theexterior tube 1420 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a compression force may be applied to the rollingseal belt 1410 disposed between theconnector 1470 and theexterior tube 1420, which may create a pressure-tight seal within the interior of the expansion joint 1400. In embodiments, custom spacers (not shown) may be inserted to precisely fill the space S between eachadjacent band section 1471 and thereby improve the strength of and/or reliability of the seal. -
FIGS. 15A-15C show a cut-away perspective view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure as theexterior tube 1520 and theinterior tube 1530 slide longitudinally relative to each other, due to thermal expansion and/or contraction forces.FIG. 151 depicts an embodiment of the rollingseal belt 1510 in an extended state in which the rolling seal belt is extended longitudinally to the predetermined distance. As shown inFIG. 15B , as the portion of theinterior tube 1530 recedes within the opening of theexterior tube 1520, additional portions of the rollingseal belt 1510 fold upon themselves and the foldedportion 1511 rolls deeper into the interior of theexterior tube 1520,FIG. 15C depicts the rollingseal belt 1510 at a retracted position in which the rollingseal belt 1510 has further folded over upon itself and the foldedportion 1511 has rolled further into the interior of theexterior tube 1520. -
FIG. 16 illustrates another cut-away perspective view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure with the rollingseal belt 1610 in the retracted position. As shown in the exemplary alternate view ofFIG. 16 , the rollingseal belt 1610 is folded over upon itself and the foldedportion 1611 is rolled to depth with the interior of theexterior tube 1620. -
FIG. 17 shows a cut-away perspective view of anexemplary exterior tube 1720 and an exemplary rollingseal belt 1710 of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1700 in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 17 , the rollingseal belt 1710 may include at least oneretaining groove 1712 arranged on a surface thereof. The at least oneretaining groove 1712 may hold aconnector 1770 in place that attaches the rollingseal belt 1710 to one of theexterior tube 1720 and the interior tube (described above). In embodiments, retaininggrooves 1712 may be arranged at each end of the rollingseal belt 1710 to respectively hold and/or position connectors (not shown) for connecting each end of the rollingseal belt 1710 to a respective one of theexterior tube 1720 and the interior tube 1730. -
FIG. 18 shows a schematically-depicted sectional view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 18 , in embodiments theexpansion joint 1800 may include two rollingseal belts exterior tube 1820. In embodiments, first and second interior tubes (not shown) may be accommodated within theexterior tube 1820, effectively doubling the amount of lateral expansion and/or contraction accommodated by the slip-style expansion joint 1800. In accordance with further aspects of the disclosure, including rollingseal belts exterior tube 1820 allows for sealing of the interior of theexterior tube 1820, which improves the reliability during testing of the slip-style expansion joint 1800 since the efficacy of the seal can be tested at a predetermined pressure. -
FIG. 19 shows another schematically-depicted sectional view of the rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 1900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In embodiments, theexpansion joint 1900 may include the rollingseal belt 1910, theexterior tube 1920, and theinterior tube 1930 including a portion disposed within the rollingseal belt 1910 and within an opening of theexterior tube 1920. As shown inFIG. 19 , theexterior tube 1920 may include a taperedportion 1922 connected to theenclosed structure 14 of the transportation system via aflanged connection 1980. -
FIG. 20 shows a partial schematically-depicted sectional view of an exemplary rolling seal belt slip-style expansion joint 2000 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Theexpansion joint 2000 may include two rollingseal belts belts common connection points 2070 to the exterior andinterior tubes seal belt 2010 may be adjacent to the outer surface of the second rollingseal belt 2010″ and the volume V between the twobelts belts interior tubes -
FIG. 21A depicts a schematically-depicted perspective view of an exemplary slip-style expansion joint 2100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Theexpansion joint 2100 may be mounted topylons exterior tube 2120 of theexpansion joint 2100 viasupport bearings 2150. Theinterior tube 2130 may be mounted to pylons (not shown) disposed a lateral distance frompylons exterior tube 2120 and theinterior tube 2130 via pylons in this manner, the gap G (previously described in reference to the embodiment shown inFIG. 12 ) between theexterior tube 2120 and theinterior tube 2130 may be maintained. - In the partial cut-away sectional view shown in
FIG. 2113 , an embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure of thesupport bearing 2150 is depicted. Thesupport bearing 2150 may connect theexterior tube 2120 to thepylon 2122. However, the connection of theexpansion joint 2100 to thepylons exemplary support bearing 2150, and any functional equivalent structure may be used for the connection. - As shown in
FIG. 21A , theexpansion joint 2100 may includecircumferential stiffeners 2140 arranged on an outer circumferential surface of theexpansion joint 2100 to maintain the shape of theexpansion joint 2100. In embodiments, thecircumferential stiffeners 2140 may be comprised of a hardened material, such as steel. In embodiments, thecircumferential stiffeners 2140 may have an inner diameter that is substantially similar to an outer diameter of theexterior tube 2120 and/or theinterior tube 2130 that therespective stiffener 2140 is attached to. Thecircumferential stiffeners 2140 may be attached to theexpansion joint 2100 via welding, and/or bolts, for example. According to embodiments of the disclosure, thecircumferential stiffeners 2140 may have a thickness that exceeds (e.g., by 3 inches) the thickness of theexterior tube 2120 and/or theinterior tube 2130 that thecircumferential stiffeners 2140 are attached to. In embodiments, thecircumferential stiffeners 2140 may increase a magnitude of axial excursions that can be accommodated by theexpansion joint 2100. In embodiments, circumferential stiffeners may be applied to any of the expansion joints disclosed herein. - The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. For example, while many of the structures discussed herein may be used in the context of a low-pressure environment for a high-speed transportation system, the enclosed environments may also be utilized in different contexts (e.g., other high-speed transportation systems). Additionally, the illustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized. Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
- Accordingly, the present disclosure provides various systems, structures, methods, and apparatuses. Although the disclosure has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the words that have been used are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made within the purview of the appended claims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure in its aspects. Although the disclosure has been described with reference to particular materials and embodiments, embodiments of the invention are not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed; rather the invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods, and uses such as are within the scope of the appended claims.
- One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the description.
- The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b) and is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together or described in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed to less than all of the features of any of the disclosed embodiments. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as defining separately claimed subject matter.
- The above disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present disclosure is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.
- Accordingly, the novel architecture is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
- While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. In addition, modifications may be made without departing from the essential teachings of the invention. Furthermore, the features of various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. A tubular structure, comprising:
at least one exterior tube having an opening and an interior;
at least one interior tube, at least a portion of the at least one interior tube is configured to be disposed through the opening and within the interior of the at least one exterior tube; and
at least one expansion joint provided between the at least one exterior tube and the portion of the at least one interior tube, wherein
the at least one expansion joint is configured to allow lateral expansion and contraction of the exterior tube and the interior tube while maintaining a predetermined pressure within the exterior and the interior tubes, wherein
the expansion joint comprises a tubular rolling seal belt, and
the rolling seal belt has a first end attached to an outer circumferential surface of the interior tube and a second end attached to an inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube.
2. The tubular structure of claim 1 , wherein
the rolling seal belt comprises a flexible material reinforced by a reinforcement material.
3. The tubular structure of claim 1 , wherein
the second end of the rolling seal belt is attached to the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube via a tubular connector structured and arranged to apply a compressive force to the rolling real belt.
4. The tubular structure of claim 3 , wherein
the tubular connector includes at least two arcuate band sections connected at ends thereof via fixing sections.
5. The tubular structure of claim 3 , wherein
the ends of the arcuate band sections are adjustably connected to the fixing sections such that a space between the ends of the arcuate band sections may be adjusted.
6. The tubular structure of claim 1 , wherein
the rolling seal belt is able to fold back upon itself and is configured to roll laterally such that an effective lateral length of the rolling seal belt is adjustable.
7. The tubular structure of claim 1 , further comprising a second rolling seal belt, wherein
the tubular rolling seal belt is a first rolling seal belt, and
the first rolling seal belt is attached to the opening of the exterior tube and the second rolling seal belt is attached to a second opening of the exterior tube.
8. The tubular structure of claim 1 , wherein
the exterior tube is attached to a pylon via a bearing.
9. A method of maintaining a predetermined pressure within a tubular structure having an interior tube, an exterior tube, and a tubular rolling seal belt disposed between the interior tube and the exterior tube, with relative longitudinal movement between the interior tube and the exterior tube, the method comprising:
establishing an interior of the tubular structure at the predetermined pressure;
unrolling the tubular rolling seal belt when the relative longitudinal movement between the interior tube and the exterior tube decreases an overlap of the interior tube and the exterior tube;
rolling the tubular rolling seal belt when the relative longitudinal movement between the interior tube and the exterior tube increases an overlap of the interior tube and the exterior tube; and
maintaining the predetermined pressure of the interior of the tubular structure with the tubular rolling seal belt.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein
the rolling seal belt comprises a flexible material reinforced by a reinforcement material.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising
attaching the second end of the rolling seal belt to the inner circumferential surface of the exterior tube via a tubular connector structured and arranged to apply a compressive force to the rolling real belt.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein
the tubular connector includes at least two arcuate band sections connected at ends thereof via fixing sections.
13. The tubular structure of claim 12 , wherein
the ends of the arcuate band sections are adjustably connected to the fixing sections such that a space between the ends of the arcuate band sections are adjustable.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein
the rolling seal belt is operable to fold back upon itself and is configured to roll laterally such that an effective lateral length of the rolling seal belt is adjustable.
15. The method of claim 9 , further comprising a second rolling seal belt, wherein
the tubular rolling seal belt is a first rolling seal belt, the method further comprising attaching the first rolling seal belt to an opening of the exterior tube and the second rolling seal belt is attached to a second opening of the exterior tube.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein
the exterior tube is attached to a pylon via a bearing.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/864,657 US20220356977A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2022-07-14 | Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201662304670P | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | |
US201662314058P | 2016-03-28 | 2016-03-28 | |
US15/452,107 US11421809B2 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-07 | Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system |
US17/864,657 US20220356977A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2022-07-14 | Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/452,107 Division US11421809B2 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-07 | Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system |
Publications (1)
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US20220356977A1 true US20220356977A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
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US15/452,107 Active 2040-10-19 US11421809B2 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-07 | Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system |
US17/864,657 Abandoned US20220356977A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2022-07-14 | Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/452,107 Active 2040-10-19 US11421809B2 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-07 | Expansion joints for a tubular transportation system |
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US (2) | US11421809B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017155980A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
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US20200391474A1 (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2020-12-17 | Tata Steel Nederland Technology B.V. | An evacuated tube transport system tube |
KR102122076B1 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2020-06-26 | 한국철도기술연구원 | Sealing device for Hyper Tube |
US11371632B2 (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2022-06-28 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Compliant jumper tube fitting |
CN110440083A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-11-12 | 上海克硫环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of expansion joint structure and heat-exchanger rig |
NL2024669B1 (en) | 2020-01-14 | 2021-09-08 | Trelleborg Ridderkerk B V | Low-pressure tubular system comprising expansion joints |
EP3875754A1 (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-09-08 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Wind turbine |
KR20230091920A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2023-06-23 | 타타 스틸 네덜란드 테크날러지 베.뷔. | expansion joint |
CN116238558B (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-11-21 | 杭州超管飞速科技发展有限公司 | Vacuum pipeline transportation system covered with ultra-smooth lubricating layer |
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- 2017-03-07 WO PCT/US2017/021134 patent/WO2017155980A1/en active Application Filing
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US5390960A (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1995-02-21 | Blake; Willard R. | Conduit branch fitting for fluid main line |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US11421809B2 (en) | 2022-08-23 |
WO2017155980A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
US20170254456A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
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