US20220259876A1 - Wall Reinforcement Systems - Google Patents
Wall Reinforcement Systems Download PDFInfo
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- US20220259876A1 US20220259876A1 US17/670,950 US202217670950A US2022259876A1 US 20220259876 A1 US20220259876 A1 US 20220259876A1 US 202217670950 A US202217670950 A US 202217670950A US 2022259876 A1 US2022259876 A1 US 2022259876A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cfs
- wall structure
- wall
- row
- concrete blocks
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- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0229—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of foundations or foundation walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
- E04G2023/0262—Devices specifically adapted for anchoring the fiber reinforced plastic elements, e.g. to avoid peeling off
Definitions
- Embodiments of the presently-disclosed invention relate generally to systems and methods for reinforcing structural elements, such as walls, including a top anchor system, a bottom anchor system, or both for anchoring a carbon fiber strap to a concrete, masonry, timber wall, or other structural member.
- Walls and other structural elements are generally capable of supporting residential and light commercial structures for a reasonable period of time.
- such walls and structural elements can begin to crack, tilt, bow, or otherwise deform due to a variety of reasons
- walls and structural elements may begin to deform and/or structurally decay due to inherent weaknesses attributable to particular structural and/or due to exposure to sustained and/or increased hydrostatic pressure from an outside environment.
- the soil adjacent an exterior surface of the wall of a building becomes saturated with water, it forces the soil to expand and press against the wall (e.g., basement wall or foundation).
- Deformation, such as cracking, tilting, and bowing, if left untreated can become progressively greater and eventually facilitate collapse of an entire structural element with resultant damage to the structure supported thereon.
- Certain embodiments according to the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end, and at least one carbon fiber strap (CFS) adhered to the wall structure between the top end and a bottom end.
- the CFS may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a top bracket fixedly secured to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a support-lock element (SLE) located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall.
- SLE support-lock element
- the intermediate portion of the CFS may be wrapped around the SLE, and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section of the CFS.
- at least a portion of the double-ply section is directly or indirectly clamped between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to define a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more top brackets, one or more SLEs, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- certain embodiments according to the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end.
- the method of reinforcing a wall structure may include adhering a CFS, which may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end.
- the method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, optionally a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and optionally a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture.
- the method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS.
- the method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to both securing a top bracket to a support member and wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS.
- the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to the step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a wall structure comprising a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a CFS adhered to the wall structure between a top end and the bottom end, in which the CFS has a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a support element located at an inside portion of the wall structure and extending through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks.
- the wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may also include a filler material at least partially surrounding the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material.
- the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more support element, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end, in which the method includes adhering a CFS, which has a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end.
- the wall structure comprises a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks.
- the method may also include a step of forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure.
- the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks.
- the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material.
- certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a top bracket, SLE, and support element.
- the wall reinforcement system may include a wall structure comprising a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a CFS adhered to the wall structure between the top end and a bottom end, in which the CFS may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end.
- the system may further include a top bracket fixedly secured to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion.
- the system may also include a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall.
- the intermediate portion of the CFS may be wrapped around the SLE, and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section of the CFS.
- at least a portion of the double-ply section is directly or indirectly clamped between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to define a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the system may also include a support element located at an inside portion of the wall structure and extending through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks.
- a filler material in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may also be included in the system.
- the filler material may at least partially surround the support element and at least partially fill the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material.
- the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more top brackets, one or more SLEs, one or more support elements, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- certain embodiments of the invention provide a method for of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end with a CFS, a top bracket and SLE both being located above the top end of the wall structure, and a support element located within an inside portion of the wall at or near the bottom end of the wall structure and extending upwardly towards the top end of the wall structure.
- the method may comprise forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure.
- the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure and a second concrete block of a second row of concrete blocks.
- the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material.
- the method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture.
- the method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS.
- the method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to both securing a top bracket to a support member and wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS.
- the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to the step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the step of inserting the support element may be performed prior to the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and bottom end of the wall structure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example wall structure in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a top portion of a wall structure including a wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 3A shows a CFS wrapped around a SLE and clamped to a support member via a top bracket in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 3B shows a CFS wrapped around a SLE and loosely secured to a support member via a top bracket in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic of a CFS wrapped around a SLE and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section of the CFS in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic of a CFS wrapped around a SLE and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section of the CFS, in which a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS is identified in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates a bottom portion of a wall structure including a wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a bottom portion of a wall structure including a wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates a wall structure including a wall reinforcement structure including a top bracket and a SLE located above the wall structure, and a support element positioned inside a portion of the bottom end of the wall structure in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
- an element or feature When an element or feature is referred to as being “on”, “adjacent”, “clamped”, or “coupled” to another element or feature, it may be directly on, engaged, clamped or coupled to the other element or layer, or indirectly in which intervening elements or features may be present. For example, when an element is referred to as being “directly clamped between” two other elements or features, there may be no intervening elements or features present. To the contrary, for example, when an element is referred to as being “indirectly clamped between” two other elements or features, there may be intervening elements or features present.
- Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to wall reinforcement systems and methods of reinforcing wall structures.
- the systems and methods may include at least one carbon fiber strap (CFS) adhered to a wall structure, in which the CFS may be wrapped around a support-lock element (SLE) and clamped to an overhead support member via a top bracket and/or a support element positioned within an interior portion of the wall structure at or near a bottom or lower end of the wall structure.
- the support element may be located within an internal cavity of the wall structure, in which the support element extends from the bottom end of the wall structure upwardly towards the top end of the wall structure and may be surrounded at least partially by a filler material.
- the wall reinforcement system may include one or more CFSs 20 adhesively bonded to an inside face or surface of the wall structure.
- the one or more CFSs 20 may extend from a top end 3 of the wall structure 1 to a bottom end 5 of the wall structure 1 .
- the one or more CFSs may extend and cover at least about 75% to about 100% of the height of the wall as measured by the perpendicular distance from the top end 3 to the bottom end 5 of the wall structure 1 .
- the wall reinforcement system may comprise a plurality of CFSs 20 adhered to the wall structure 1 in a spaced-apart and generally parallel orientation with respect to each other.
- the plurality of CFSs 20 may comprise an average spacing between each CFS from about 1 to about 12 feet, such as at least about any of the following: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet, and/or at most about 12, 10, 8, 6, and 5 feet.
- the wall structure may include a block wall (e.g., concrete block wall), brick wall, a poured concrete wall, a timber wall, a concrete pillar, beam, ceiling, floor, or other concrete structure.
- the one or more CFSs may comprise a first end and a second end that define a length of the CFS along an x-y plane, a thickness defined by the shortest dimension of the CFS (e.g., the z-direction being perpendicular to the x-y plane), and a width defined as the shortest dimension in the x-y plance.
- the average width of the CFSs may comprise from about 2 inches to about 12 inches, such as at least about any of the following: 2, 4, 6, and 8 inches, and/or at most about any of the following: 12, 10, and 8 inches.
- the one or more CFSs may comprise a unidirectional CFS or a bidirectional CFS. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more CFSs may have a basis weight from about 200 to about 600 grams-per-square meter (gsm), such as at least about any of the following: 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 gsm, and/or at most about any of the following: 600, 550, 500, 450, and 400 gsm.
- gsm grams-per-square meter
- the one or more CFSs may comprise a plurality of tows having on average from about 3000 filaments per tow to about 20,000 filaments per tow, such as at least about any of the following: 3,000, 5,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000, and 12,000 filaments per tow, and/or at most about any of the following: 20,000, 18,000, 16,000, 15,000, and 12,000 filaments per tow.
- the one or more CFSs may be adhesively bonded to the inside surface of face of the wall structure.
- the particular adhesive is not necessarily limited in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
- the adhesive may comprise an epoxy-based adhesive, such as a single of multi-component epoxy.
- the adhesive may be disposed on portions of the inside face or surface of the wall structure where the one or more CFSs are located or intended to be located.
- the application pattern of the adhesive in not particularly limited (e.g., continuous or discontinuous segments of applied adhesive, or complete coverage of the location of interest).
- the one or more CFSs may be adhesively bonded to the wall structure and additional adhesive may be applied to the outer-facing surface of the one or more CFSs and pushed into and at least partially fill any void volume (e.g., porous cavities formed between the woven components of the CFS) to at least partially saturate the one or more CFSs with the adhesive.
- additional adhesive may be applied to the outer-facing surface of the one or more CFSs and pushed into and at least partially fill any void volume (e.g., porous cavities formed between the woven components of the CFS) to at least partially saturate the one or more CFSs with the adhesive.
- certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a wall structure 1 having a top end 3 and a bottom end 5 (shown in FIG. 1 ), and at least one CFS 20 adhered to the wall structure between the top end and a bottom end.
- the CFS 20 may have a first end 22 , a second end 24 (shown in FIG. 1 ), and an intermediate portion 26 disposed between the first end and the second end.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a top bracket 40 fixedly secured to a support member 50 located above the top end 3 of the wall structure 1 , in which the top bracket includes a central body portion 42 .
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a SLE 60 located above each of the top bracket 40 and the top end 3 of the wall structure 3 .
- the intermediate portion 26 of the CFS may be wrapped around the SLE 60 , and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS.
- at least a portion of the double-ply section 70 is directly or indirectly clamped between the central body portion 42 of the top bracket 40 and the support member 50 to define a clamped-double-ply portion 74 (best illustrated in FIG. 4B ) of the CFS.
- the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more top brackets, one or more SLEs, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- the top bracket 40 comprises a metal and further comprises a plurality of apertures.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show top bracket 40 including a central body portion 40 , a first bracket-end portion 44 including a first aperture 45 and a second bracket-end portion 46 including a second aperture. 47 .
- the top bracket 40 may be secured to the support member 50 by a first fastener 48 and a second fastener 49 as shown by the example of FIGS. 3A and 3B .
- the top bracket 40 may comprise a substantially planar plate. FIG.
- FIG. 3B also illustrates the relative positioning of the top bracket 40 and the SLE 60 , in which the top bracket is loosely secured to the support member 50 while the SLE rests upon a top edge of the top bracket and against the support member.
- the intermediate portion 26 of the CFS 20 is wrapped around the SLE 60 .
- the first end 22 of the CFS 20 may be threaded upwardly through a passageway located between the top bracket 40 and the support member, wrapped around the SLE, and threaded downwardly back through the passageway located between the top bracket and the support member.
- the first end 22 of the CFS may be pulled downwardly past the top bracket 40 and subsequently adhered to an adjacent portion of the CFS, which may be adhered to the inside facing or surface of the wall structure.
- the first end 22 and the second end 24 of the CFS 20 extend away from the SLE 60 in the same direction.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the SLE as a cylindrical rod
- the overall cross-sectional shape of the SLE is not particularly limited and may include a circular cross-section, an elliptical cross-section, or polygonal cross-section.
- the SLE in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may have a diameter from about 0.25 inches to about 1.5 inches, such as about any of the following: 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 inches, and/or at most about 1.5, 1.25, 1, and 0.75 inches.
- the material of construction for the SLE may comprise, by way of example one, a metal, a polymer, a fiber-reinforced polymer, or carbon-fiber.
- FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic of a CFS 20 wrapped around a SLE 60 and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic of a CFS 20 wrapped around a SLE 60 and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS, in which a clamped-double-ply portion 74 of the CFS is identified in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
- the CFS 20 is adhered to the wall structure with an adhesive, such as an epoxy-based adhesive, as noted above.
- the double-ply section 70 of the CFS 20 includes a first ply section 76 adjacent the wall structure 1 and adhesively bonded to the wall structure and/or adjacent the support member, and a second ply section 78 adjacent the central body portion 42 of the top bracket 40 .
- the second ply section 78 is located directly or indirectly between the first ply section 76 and the central body portion 42 of the top bracket 40 as illustrated by FIGS. 4A and 4B .
- the second ply section 78 may be adhesively bonded to the central body portion 42 of the top bracket 40 . Additionally or alternatively, the second ply section 78 may be adhesively bonded to the first ply section 76 . In accordance with certain embodiments, the clamped-double-ply portion 74 of the CFS 20 may be saturated with an adhesive.
- certain embodiments according to the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end.
- the method of reinforcing a wall structure may include adhering a CFS, which may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end.
- the method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, optionally a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and optionally a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture.
- the method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall structure, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS.
- the method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the step of securing the top bracket may comprise inserting a first fastener through the first aperture and into the support member, and inserting a second fastener through the second aperture and into the support member. Additionally or alternatively, the step of clamping comprises tightening the first fastener and the second fastener to eliminate any empty space between the top bracket and the clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the intermediate portion of the CFS may be wrapped around the SLE and threaded through a passageway between the top bracket and the support member as discussed above, while the top bracket is loosely secured to the support member.
- the top bracket may be clamped onto the double-ply portion of the CFS such that the double-ply portion of the CFS is directly or indirectly sandwiched between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member.
- the SLE provides an additional mechanism to prevent the CFS from slipping out from between the top bracket and the support member.
- the step of wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE may further comprise configuring or orienting the CFS with the first end and the second end of the CFS extending away from the SLE in the same direction, such as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B .
- the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end may comprise adhesively bonding the CFS to the wall structure with, for example, an epoxy-based adhesive.
- the method may also comprise adhesively bonding the central body portion of the top bracket to the double-ply section of the CFS.
- the double-ply section of the CFS may include a first ply section adjacent the wall structure and adhesively bonded to the wall structure and/or adjacent the support member, and a second ply section adjacent the central body portion of the top bracket, wherein the second ply section is located directly or indirectly between the first ply section and the central body portion of the top bracket.
- the method may comprise adhesively bonding the second ply section to the central body portion of the top bracket.
- the method may comprise adhesively bonding the second ply section to the first ply section.
- the clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS may be saturated with an adhesive.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a support element 80 located at an inside portion of the wall structure 1 and extending through an internal cavity 9 defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks.
- the wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may also include a filler material 90 at least partially surrounding the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material. As shown in FIG.
- a hole 82 may be formed in the wall structure 1 to enable insertion and positioning of the support element 80 within a portion of the wall structure.
- the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more support element, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- the length of the support element may be surrounded or encased with in the filler material, such as at least about any of the following: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of the length of the support element, and/or at most about any of the following: 100, 98, 95, 90, 85, and 80% of the length of the support element.
- the support element 80 and the filler material 90 may extend into a third concrete block of a third row of concrete blocks 8 , in which the third row of concrete blocks may be located above and adjacent the second row of concrete blocks 6 .
- certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end, in which the method includes adhering a CFS, which has a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end.
- the wall structure comprises a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks.
- the method may also include a step of forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure.
- the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks.
- the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material.
- the support element and the filler material may extend into a third concrete block of a third row of concrete blocks, in which the third row of concrete blocks are located above and adjacent the second row of concrete blocks.
- the steps of inserting the support element and adding the filler material may be performed prior to adhering the CFS to the wall structure.
- the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end comprises adhesively bonding a lower portion of the CFS subsequent to inserting the support element and adding the filler material.
- the lower portion of the CFS comprises a section of the CFS proximate to the hole and extending below the hole.
- the support element includes a downward facing end that is positioned adjacent in contact with a top surface of an existing footing or existing slab as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 .
- the support element in combination with the filler material interlocks the bottom rows of concrete blocks to mitigate shearing at the bottom end of the wall structure without damaging the existing flooring 100 , as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 .
- certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a top bracket, SLE, and support element as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- the wall reinforcement system may comprise any foregoing combination of features disclosed herein to provide a wall reinforcement system providing top (e.g., top bracket and SLE) and bottom anchoring (e.g., support element) features.
- the wall reinforcement system as illustrated by FIG. 7 may include a wall structure 1 comprising a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks 2 defining a bottom end 5 of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks 6 located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks.
- the wall reinforcement system may also include a CFS 20 adhered to the wall structure 1 between the top end 3 and a bottom end 5 of the wall structure, in which the CFS may have a first end 22 , a second end 24 , and an intermediate portion 26 disposed between the first end and the second end.
- the system may further include a top bracket 40 fixedly secured to a support member 50 located above the top end 3 of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion 42 as previously described.
- the system may also include a SLE 60 located above each of the top bracket 40 and the top end 3 of the wall.
- the intermediate portion 26 of the CFS 20 may be wrapped around the SLE 60 , and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS.
- at least a portion of the double-ply section 70 is directly or indirectly clamped between the central body portion 42 of the top bracket 40 and the support member 50 to define a clamped-double-ply portion 74 of the CFS.
- certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end with a CFS, a top bracket and SLE both being located above the top end of the wall structure, and a support element located within an inside portion of the wall at or near the bottom end of the wall structure and extending upwardly towards the top end of the wall structure.
- the method may comprise any foregoing combination of features disclosed herein to provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure including top (e.g., top bracket and SLE) and bottom anchoring (e.g., support element) features.
- the method may comprise forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure.
- the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure and a second concrete block of a second row of concrete blocks.
- the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material.
- the method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture.
- the method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall structure, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS.
- the method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to both securing a top bracket to a support member and wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS.
- the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to the step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- the step of inserting the support element may be performed prior to the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and bottom end of the wall structure.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. 63/149,439 filed Feb. 15, 2021, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Embodiments of the presently-disclosed invention relate generally to systems and methods for reinforcing structural elements, such as walls, including a top anchor system, a bottom anchor system, or both for anchoring a carbon fiber strap to a concrete, masonry, timber wall, or other structural member.
- Walls and other structural elements are generally capable of supporting residential and light commercial structures for a reasonable period of time. However, such walls and structural elements can begin to crack, tilt, bow, or otherwise deform due to a variety of reasons For example, walls and structural elements may begin to deform and/or structurally decay due to inherent weaknesses attributable to particular structural and/or due to exposure to sustained and/or increased hydrostatic pressure from an outside environment. When the soil adjacent an exterior surface of the wall of a building, for example, becomes saturated with water, it forces the soil to expand and press against the wall (e.g., basement wall or foundation). Deformation, such as cracking, tilting, and bowing, if left untreated, can become progressively greater and eventually facilitate collapse of an entire structural element with resultant damage to the structure supported thereon.
- Certain embodiments according to the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end, and at least one carbon fiber strap (CFS) adhered to the wall structure between the top end and a bottom end. The CFS may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end. The wall reinforcement system may also include a top bracket fixedly secured to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion. The wall reinforcement system may also include a support-lock element (SLE) located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the intermediate portion of the CFS may be wrapped around the SLE, and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, at least a portion of the double-ply section is directly or indirectly clamped between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to define a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In this regard, the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more top brackets, one or more SLEs, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- In another aspect, certain embodiments according to the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end. The method of reinforcing a wall structure may include adhering a CFS, which may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end. The method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, optionally a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and optionally a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture. The method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. The method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to both securing a top bracket to a support member and wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to the step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- In another aspect, the certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a wall structure comprising a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks. The wall reinforcement system may also include a CFS adhered to the wall structure between a top end and the bottom end, in which the CFS has a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall reinforcement system may also include a support element located at an inside portion of the wall structure and extending through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks. The wall reinforcement system, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may also include a filler material at least partially surrounding the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material. In this regard, the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more support element, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- In another aspect, certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end, in which the method includes adhering a CFS, which has a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall structure comprises a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks. The method may also include a step of forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material.
- In yet another aspect, certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a top bracket, SLE, and support element. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall reinforcement system may include a wall structure comprising a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks. The wall reinforcement system may also include a CFS adhered to the wall structure between the top end and a bottom end, in which the CFS may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end. The system may further include a top bracket fixedly secured to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion. The system may also include a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the intermediate portion of the CFS may be wrapped around the SLE, and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, at least a portion of the double-ply section is directly or indirectly clamped between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to define a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. The system may also include a support element located at an inside portion of the wall structure and extending through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks. A filler material, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may also be included in the system. The filler material may at least partially surround the support element and at least partially fill the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material. In this regard, the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more top brackets, one or more SLEs, one or more support elements, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation.
- In yet another aspect, certain embodiments of the invention provide a method for of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end with a CFS, a top bracket and SLE both being located above the top end of the wall structure, and a support element located within an inside portion of the wall at or near the bottom end of the wall structure and extending upwardly towards the top end of the wall structure. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may comprise forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure and a second concrete block of a second row of concrete blocks. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material. The method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture. The method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. The method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to both securing a top bracket to a support member and wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to the step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention the step of inserting the support element may be performed prior to the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and bottom end of the wall structure.
- The invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and wherein:
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FIG. 1 illustrates an example wall structure in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a top portion of a wall structure including a wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 3A shows a CFS wrapped around a SLE and clamped to a support member via a top bracket in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 3B shows a CFS wrapped around a SLE and loosely secured to a support member via a top bracket in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic of a CFS wrapped around a SLE and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section of the CFS in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic of a CFS wrapped around a SLE and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section of the CFS, in which a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS is identified in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a bottom portion of a wall structure including a wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a bottom portion of a wall structure including a wall reinforcement system in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention -
FIG. 7 illustrates a wall structure including a wall reinforcement structure including a top bracket and a SLE located above the wall structure, and a support element positioned inside a portion of the bottom end of the wall structure in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. - Embodiments of the invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. As used in the specification, and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, “the”, include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
- When an element or feature is referred to as being “on”, “adjacent”, “clamped”, or “coupled” to another element or feature, it may be directly on, engaged, clamped or coupled to the other element or layer, or indirectly in which intervening elements or features may be present. For example, when an element is referred to as being “directly clamped between” two other elements or features, there may be no intervening elements or features present. To the contrary, for example, when an element is referred to as being “indirectly clamped between” two other elements or features, there may be intervening elements or features present.
- Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to wall reinforcement systems and methods of reinforcing wall structures. The systems and methods, in accordance with certain embodiments, may include at least one carbon fiber strap (CFS) adhered to a wall structure, in which the CFS may be wrapped around a support-lock element (SLE) and clamped to an overhead support member via a top bracket and/or a support element positioned within an interior portion of the wall structure at or near a bottom or lower end of the wall structure. For example, the support element may be located within an internal cavity of the wall structure, in which the support element extends from the bottom end of the wall structure upwardly towards the top end of the wall structure and may be surrounded at least partially by a filler material.
FIG. 1 , for instance, awall structure 1 including a wall reinforcement system applied thereto. As shown inFIG. 1 , the wall reinforcement system may include one ormore CFSs 20 adhesively bonded to an inside face or surface of the wall structure. The one ormore CFSs 20 may extend from a top end 3 of thewall structure 1 to abottom end 5 of thewall structure 1. For example, the one or more CFSs may extend and cover at least about 75% to about 100% of the height of the wall as measured by the perpendicular distance from the top end 3 to thebottom end 5 of thewall structure 1. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall reinforcement system may comprise a plurality ofCFSs 20 adhered to thewall structure 1 in a spaced-apart and generally parallel orientation with respect to each other. For example, the plurality ofCFSs 20 may comprise an average spacing between each CFS from about 1 to about 12 feet, such as at least about any of the following: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet, and/or at most about 12, 10, 8, 6, and 5 feet. The wall structure, by way of example only, may include a block wall (e.g., concrete block wall), brick wall, a poured concrete wall, a timber wall, a concrete pillar, beam, ceiling, floor, or other concrete structure. - Additionally or alternatively, the one or more CFSs may comprise a first end and a second end that define a length of the CFS along an x-y plane, a thickness defined by the shortest dimension of the CFS (e.g., the z-direction being perpendicular to the x-y plane), and a width defined as the shortest dimension in the x-y plance. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the average width of the CFSs may comprise from about 2 inches to about 12 inches, such as at least about any of the following: 2, 4, 6, and 8 inches, and/or at most about any of the following: 12, 10, and 8 inches.
- In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the one or more CFSs may comprise a unidirectional CFS or a bidirectional CFS. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more CFSs may have a basis weight from about 200 to about 600 grams-per-square meter (gsm), such as at least about any of the following: 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 gsm, and/or at most about any of the following: 600, 550, 500, 450, and 400 gsm. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more CFSs may comprise a plurality of tows having on average from about 3000 filaments per tow to about 20,000 filaments per tow, such as at least about any of the following: 3,000, 5,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000, and 12,000 filaments per tow, and/or at most about any of the following: 20,000, 18,000, 16,000, 15,000, and 12,000 filaments per tow.
- In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the one or more CFSs may be adhesively bonded to the inside surface of face of the wall structure. The particular adhesive is not necessarily limited in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the adhesive may comprise an epoxy-based adhesive, such as a single of multi-component epoxy. The adhesive may be disposed on portions of the inside face or surface of the wall structure where the one or more CFSs are located or intended to be located. The application pattern of the adhesive in not particularly limited (e.g., continuous or discontinuous segments of applied adhesive, or complete coverage of the location of interest). In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the one or more CFSs may be adhesively bonded to the wall structure and additional adhesive may be applied to the outer-facing surface of the one or more CFSs and pushed into and at least partially fill any void volume (e.g., porous cavities formed between the woven components of the CFS) to at least partially saturate the one or more CFSs with the adhesive.
- With reference to
FIG. 2 , certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including awall structure 1 having a top end 3 and a bottom end 5 (shown inFIG. 1 ), and at least oneCFS 20 adhered to the wall structure between the top end and a bottom end. TheCFS 20 may have afirst end 22, a second end 24 (shown inFIG. 1 ), and anintermediate portion 26 disposed between the first end and the second end. The wall reinforcement system may also include atop bracket 40 fixedly secured to asupport member 50 located above the top end 3 of thewall structure 1, in which the top bracket includes acentral body portion 42. The wall reinforcement system may also include aSLE 60 located above each of thetop bracket 40 and the top end 3 of the wall structure 3. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, theintermediate portion 26 of the CFS may be wrapped around theSLE 60, and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, at least a portion of the double-ply section 70 is directly or indirectly clamped between thecentral body portion 42 of thetop bracket 40 and thesupport member 50 to define a clamped-double-ply portion 74 (best illustrated inFIG. 4B ) of the CFS. In this regard, the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more top brackets, one or more SLEs, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation. - In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the
top bracket 40 comprises a metal and further comprises a plurality of apertures.FIGS. 3A and 3B , for instance, showtop bracket 40 including acentral body portion 40, a first bracket-end portion 44 including afirst aperture 45 and a second bracket-end portion 46 including a second aperture. 47. Thetop bracket 40 may be secured to thesupport member 50 by afirst fastener 48 and asecond fastener 49 as shown by the example ofFIGS. 3A and 3B . In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, and as shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B , thetop bracket 40 may comprise a substantially planar plate.FIG. 3B also illustrates the relative positioning of thetop bracket 40 and theSLE 60, in which the top bracket is loosely secured to thesupport member 50 while the SLE rests upon a top edge of the top bracket and against the support member. As also shown byFIG. 3B theintermediate portion 26 of theCFS 20 is wrapped around theSLE 60. In this regard, thefirst end 22 of theCFS 20 may be threaded upwardly through a passageway located between thetop bracket 40 and the support member, wrapped around the SLE, and threaded downwardly back through the passageway located between the top bracket and the support member. In such embodiments, thefirst end 22 of the CFS may be pulled downwardly past thetop bracket 40 and subsequently adhered to an adjacent portion of the CFS, which may be adhered to the inside facing or surface of the wall structure. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, thefirst end 22 and thesecond end 24 of theCFS 20 extend away from theSLE 60 in the same direction. - Although
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the SLE as a cylindrical rod, the overall cross-sectional shape of the SLE is not particularly limited and may include a circular cross-section, an elliptical cross-section, or polygonal cross-section. The SLE, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may have a diameter from about 0.25 inches to about 1.5 inches, such as about any of the following: 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 inches, and/or at most about 1.5, 1.25, 1, and 0.75 inches. The material of construction for the SLE may comprise, by way of example one, a metal, a polymer, a fiber-reinforced polymer, or carbon-fiber. -
FIG. 4A , for instance, illustrates a schematic of aCFS 20 wrapped around aSLE 60 and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. In a similar fashion,FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic of aCFS 20 wrapped around aSLE 60 and back onto itself to form or define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS, in which a clamped-double-ply portion 74 of the CFS is identified in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. In this regard,FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the orientation of theCFS 20 in which anintermediate portion 26 is wrapped around the SLE while the CFS has two passes through a passageway between thetop bracket 40 and thesupport member 50 to define a double-ply section 70, in which the portion of the double-ply section that is clamped by and/or between thetop bracket 40 and thesupport member 50 defines a clamped-double-ply portion 74 of the CFS.FIGS. 4A and 4B also illustrate that the double-ply section 70 include afirst ply section 76 and asecond ply section 78. - In accordance with certain embodiments, the
CFS 20 is adhered to the wall structure with an adhesive, such as an epoxy-based adhesive, as noted above. For example, the double-ply section 70 of theCFS 20 includes afirst ply section 76 adjacent thewall structure 1 and adhesively bonded to the wall structure and/or adjacent the support member, and asecond ply section 78 adjacent thecentral body portion 42 of thetop bracket 40. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, thesecond ply section 78 is located directly or indirectly between thefirst ply section 76 and thecentral body portion 42 of thetop bracket 40 as illustrated byFIGS. 4A and 4B . In accordance with certain embodiments, thesecond ply section 78 may be adhesively bonded to thecentral body portion 42 of thetop bracket 40. Additionally or alternatively, thesecond ply section 78 may be adhesively bonded to thefirst ply section 76. In accordance with certain embodiments, the clamped-double-ply portion 74 of theCFS 20 may be saturated with an adhesive. - In another aspect, certain embodiments according to the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end. The method of reinforcing a wall structure may include adhering a CFS, which may have a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end. The method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, optionally a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and optionally a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture. The method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall structure, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. The method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to both securing a top bracket to a support member and wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to the step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS.
- In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the step of securing the top bracket may comprise inserting a first fastener through the first aperture and into the support member, and inserting a second fastener through the second aperture and into the support member. Additionally or alternatively, the step of clamping comprises tightening the first fastener and the second fastener to eliminate any empty space between the top bracket and the clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In this regard, the intermediate portion of the CFS may be wrapped around the SLE and threaded through a passageway between the top bracket and the support member as discussed above, while the top bracket is loosely secured to the support member. After appropriate positioning of the CFS around the SLE and through the passageway between the top bracket and the support member, the top bracket may be clamped onto the double-ply portion of the CFS such that the double-ply portion of the CFS is directly or indirectly sandwiched between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member. Meanwhile the SLE provides an additional mechanism to prevent the CFS from slipping out from between the top bracket and the support member.
- In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the step of wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE may further comprise configuring or orienting the CFS with the first end and the second end of the CFS extending away from the SLE in the same direction, such as illustrated in
FIGS. 4A and 4B . In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end may comprise adhesively bonding the CFS to the wall structure with, for example, an epoxy-based adhesive. Additionally or alternatively, the method may also comprise adhesively bonding the central body portion of the top bracket to the double-ply section of the CFS. For example, the double-ply section of the CFS may include a first ply section adjacent the wall structure and adhesively bonded to the wall structure and/or adjacent the support member, and a second ply section adjacent the central body portion of the top bracket, wherein the second ply section is located directly or indirectly between the first ply section and the central body portion of the top bracket. Additionally or alternatively, the method may comprise adhesively bonding the second ply section to the central body portion of the top bracket. Additionally or alternatively, the method may comprise adhesively bonding the second ply section to the first ply section. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS may be saturated with an adhesive. - In another aspect, and as illustrated in
FIGS. 5 and 6 , certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including awall structure 1 comprising a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks 2 defining abottom end 5 of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks 6 located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks. Thebottom end 5 is adjacent afloor 100. The wall reinforcement system may also include aCFS 20 adhered to thewall structure 1 between a top end 3 and thebottom end 5, in which the CFS has afirst end 22, asecond end 24, and anintermediate portion 26 disposed between the first end and the second end. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall reinforcement system may also include asupport element 80 located at an inside portion of thewall structure 1 and extending through an internal cavity 9 defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks. The wall reinforcement system, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may also include afiller material 90 at least partially surrounding the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material. As shown inFIG. 5 , ahole 82 may be formed in thewall structure 1 to enable insertion and positioning of thesupport element 80 within a portion of the wall structure. In this regard, the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more support element, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation. - In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the filler material may comprise any material that initially flowable but hardens over a period of time. By way of example only, the filler material may comprise grout or concrete. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the filler material encases at least a portion of the support element and at least partially fills the inner cavity (e.g., the contiguous hollow cores of the stacked blocks) housing the support element. For example, the support element may have a downward facing end located proximate to or adjacent a top surface of an existing footing or
slab 110 as shown inFIGS. 5 and 6 and an upward facing end pointing generally toward the top end 3 of the wall structure, in which the distance between the downward facing and upward facing ends define a length of the support element. In this regard, from about 10% to about 100% of the length of the support element may be surrounded or encased with in the filler material, such as at least about any of the following: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of the length of the support element, and/or at most about any of the following: 100, 98, 95, 90, 85, and 80% of the length of the support element. - As shown in
FIGS. 5 and 6 , in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, thesupport element 80 and thefiller material 90 may extend into a third concrete block of a third row of concrete blocks 8, in which the third row of concrete blocks may be located above and adjacent the second row of concrete blocks 6. - In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the support element may comprise, by way of example only, one or more bars of steel, carbon-fiber rods, or a fiber-reinforced polymeric rods. Additionally or alternatively, the length of the support element (as defined above) may comprise from about 12 inches to about 36 inches, such as at least about any of the following: 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, and 26 inches, and/or at most about any of the following: 36, 34, 32, 30, 28, and 26 inches. Additionally or alternatively, the support element may comprise an average diameter from about 0.25 inches to about 2 inches, such as at least about any of the following: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 inch, and/or at most about any of the following: 2, 1.75, 1.5, 1.25, and 1 inch.
- In another aspect, certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end, in which the method includes adhering a CFS, which has a first end, a second end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first end and the second end, to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall structure comprises a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks. The method may also include a step of forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the support element and the filler material may extend into a third concrete block of a third row of concrete blocks, in which the third row of concrete blocks are located above and adjacent the second row of concrete blocks.
- In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the steps of inserting the support element and adding the filler material may be performed prior to adhering the CFS to the wall structure. Alternatively, the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and the bottom end comprises adhesively bonding a lower portion of the CFS subsequent to inserting the support element and adding the filler material. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the lower portion of the CFS comprises a section of the CFS proximate to the hole and extending below the hole. By way of example only, the section of the CFS proximate to the hole may have (i) a starting location from about 1 inch to about 3 feet above the hole along the inside face of the wall structure, and (ii) a finishing location below the hole along the inside face of the wall.
- In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the support element includes a downward facing end that is positioned adjacent in contact with a top surface of an existing footing or existing slab as illustrated in
FIGS. 5 and 6 . In this regard, the support element in combination with the filler material interlocks the bottom rows of concrete blocks to mitigate shearing at the bottom end of the wall structure without damaging the existingflooring 100, as illustrated inFIGS. 5 and 6 . - In yet another aspect, certain embodiments of the invention provide a wall reinforcement system including a top bracket, SLE, and support element as illustrated in
FIG. 7 . In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall reinforcement system may comprise any foregoing combination of features disclosed herein to provide a wall reinforcement system providing top (e.g., top bracket and SLE) and bottom anchoring (e.g., support element) features. - In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the wall reinforcement system as illustrated by
FIG. 7 may include awall structure 1 comprising a concrete block wall including at least a first row of concrete blocks 2 defining abottom end 5 of the wall structure, and a second row of concrete blocks 6 located above and adjacent the first row of concrete blocks. The wall reinforcement system may also include aCFS 20 adhered to thewall structure 1 between the top end 3 and abottom end 5 of the wall structure, in which the CFS may have afirst end 22, asecond end 24, and anintermediate portion 26 disposed between the first end and the second end. The system may further include atop bracket 40 fixedly secured to asupport member 50 located above the top end 3 of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes acentral body portion 42 as previously described. The system may also include aSLE 60 located above each of thetop bracket 40 and the top end 3 of the wall. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, theintermediate portion 26 of theCFS 20 may be wrapped around theSLE 60, and overlapped upon itself to define a double-ply section 70 of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, at least a portion of the double-ply section 70 is directly or indirectly clamped between thecentral body portion 42 of thetop bracket 40 and thesupport member 50 to define a clamped-double-ply portion 74 of the CFS. The system may also include asupport element 80 located at an inside portion of thewall structure 1 and extending through an internal cavity 9 defined at least in part by a first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks 2 and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks 6. Afiller material 90, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may also be included in the system. Thefiller material 90 may at least partially surround thesupport element 80 and at least partially fill the internal cavity 9, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks 2 and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks 6 are internally coupled via thesupport member 80 andfiller material 90. In this regard, the present invention may also provide a kit including one or more CFSs, one or more top brackets, one or more SLEs, one or more support elements, and optionally one or more adhesives and/or instructions for installation. - In yet another aspect, certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure having a top end and a bottom end with a CFS, a top bracket and SLE both being located above the top end of the wall structure, and a support element located within an inside portion of the wall at or near the bottom end of the wall structure and extending upwardly towards the top end of the wall structure. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may comprise any foregoing combination of features disclosed herein to provide a method of reinforcing a wall structure including top (e.g., top bracket and SLE) and bottom anchoring (e.g., support element) features.
- In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may comprise forming a hole through an inside face of the wall structure and inserting a support element through the hole and positioning the support element within an inside portion of the wall structure. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the support element may extend through an internal cavity defined at least in part by a first concrete block of a first row of concrete blocks defining a bottom end of the wall structure and a second concrete block of a second row of concrete blocks. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may also include a step of adding a filler material through the hole and at least partially surround the support element and at least partially filling the internal cavity, wherein the first concrete block of the first row of concrete blocks and a second concrete block of the second row of concrete blocks are internally coupled via the support member and filler material. The method may also comprise securing a top bracket to a support member located above the top end of the wall structure, in which the top bracket includes a central body portion, a first bracket-end portion having a first aperture, and a second bracket-end portion having a second aperture. The method may also include a step of providing a SLE located above each of the top bracket and the top end of the wall structure, as well as wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. The method may further include a step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to both securing a top bracket to a support member and wrapping the intermediate portion of the CFS around the SLE and overlapping the CFS upon itself to provide a double-ply section of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments, the step of adhering the CFS may be performed subsequent to the step of clamping at least a portion of the double-ply section directly or indirectly between the central body portion of the top bracket and the support member to provide a clamped-double-ply portion of the CFS. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention the step of inserting the support element may be performed prior to the step of adhering the CFS to the wall structure between the top end and bottom end of the wall structure.
- These and other modifications and variations to embodiments of the invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is more particularly set forth in the appended claims. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged in whole or in part. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the foregoing description is by way of example only, and it is not intended to limit the invention as further described in such appended claims. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the exemplary description of the versions contained herein.
Claims (20)
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US17/670,950 US20220259876A1 (en) | 2021-02-15 | 2022-02-14 | Wall Reinforcement Systems |
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Cited By (1)
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US20220042311A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2022-02-10 | Carboshield, Inc. | Structural element reinforcement systems and methods |
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