US20220205671A1 - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Air conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220205671A1
US20220205671A1 US17/697,178 US202217697178A US2022205671A1 US 20220205671 A1 US20220205671 A1 US 20220205671A1 US 202217697178 A US202217697178 A US 202217697178A US 2022205671 A1 US2022205671 A1 US 2022205671A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cooling
heating
heat exchanger
intermediate heat
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/697,178
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English (en)
Inventor
Tetsuma HAMASHIMA
Yukio Kiguchi
Shun ASARI
Shohei ARITA
Ken Miura
Tomoki SHIMIZU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US20220205671A1 publication Critical patent/US20220205671A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0003—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station characterised by a split arrangement, wherein parts of the air-conditioning system, e.g. evaporator and condenser, are in separately located units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F24F11/67—Switching between heating and cooling modes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/50—Load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/007—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for three pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
    • F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
    • F25B2313/0253—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in parallel arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0312—Pressure sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21174—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein relate generally to an air conditioner configured to carry out cooling/heating by circulating a heat medium such as water or the like.
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbon
  • GWP global warming potential
  • R32 is a mildly flammable (A2L) cooling medium and, when R32 is used in, for example, a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioner in which the refrigerant filling amount is large, it is necessary to take the safety in case of leakage of R32 into the room into consideration. Accordingly, in the VRF air conditioner, R410A has continuously been used, however, a system of circulating water as a heat medium to thereby carry out cooling/heating of indoor units separately from each other on an individual basis is proposed by the research and development of recent years.
  • VRF variable refrigerant flow
  • a relay unit is interposed between the outdoor unit and indoor unit, the outdoor unit and relay unit are connected to each other by refrigerant piping, and the relay unit and indoor unit are connected to each other by water piping.
  • the relay unit heat exchange is carried out between the refrigerant and heat medium.
  • the refrigerant piping extends only from the outdoor unit to the relay unit, and between the relay unit and indoor unit, the water piping is arranged. Thereby, safety as to refrigerant leakage inside the room is guaranteed and use of a mildly flammable refrigerant such as R32 is enabled.
  • the flow path is appropriately switched by a flow path change-over valve in such a manner that cool water is circulated through an indoor unit of which a cooling operation is required, and warm water is circulated through an indoor unit of which a heating operation is required.
  • the outdoor unit is operated in the following aspect according to the percentage of the setting demand for the operation mode of the indoor unit. For example, when the percentage of the cooling demand for the indoor unit is greater than or equal to the majority, the outdoor unit carries out a cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the outdoor unit carries out a heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the operation mode of the outdoor unit is switched, there is a possibility of the capability in an operation mode for which much demand is expected such as cooling in the summer season, and heating in the winter season being lowered depending on the variation in the percentage of the setting demand of the indoor unit. Further, there is also a possibility of hunting of the cycle state occurring concomitantly with switching of the operation mode of the outdoor unit.
  • the present invention has been contrived in consideration of the above, and a first object thereof is to provide a water circulation air conditioner capable of suppressing occurrence of capability degradation as to an operation mode for which much demand is expected and hunting of the cycle state.
  • the rotational speed of the compressor provided in the outdoor unit is controlled on the basis of the heat medium temperature on the heat medium downstream side of the intermediate heat exchanger.
  • the target heat medium temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger is uniformly determined so that the cooling capability or heating capability of the indoor unit can acquire the predetermined capability. Accordingly, for example, when the target cooling capability on the indoor unit side is the minimum capability of the air conditioner, the rotational speed of the outdoor unit compressor becomes excessive relatively to the necessary cooling capability on the indoor unit side, and energy more than necessary is used.
  • the present invention has been contrived in consideration of the above, and a second object thereof is to provide a water circulation air conditioner capable of realizing energy saving.
  • the present invention has been contrived in consideration of the above, and a third object thereof is to provide a water circulation air conditioner capable of preventing freezing of a cooling intermediate heat exchanger from occurring.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a water circulation air conditioner capable of suppressing an increase in the manufacturing cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of an air conditioner according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing the piping system of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing an example of installation of the units of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4A is a view schematically showing the piping system of the heat source side refrigerating cycle at the time of a cooling/heating-mixed operation of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4B is a Mollier diagram of the heat source side refrigerating cycle at the time of a cooling/heating-mixed operation of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing relationships between the refrigerant density (kg/m 3 ), percentage (%), refrigerant flow velocity (m/s), (refrigerant flow velocity) 2 , percentage (%), and pressure loss percentage (%) and discharged gas pipe, liquid pipe, and suction gas pipe according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6A is a view schematically showing the piping system of an air conditioner according to a first modified example.
  • FIG. 6B is a view schematically showing the piping system of an air conditioner according to a second modified example.
  • FIG. 7 is a control flow showing operation mode selection processing of an outdoor unit in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a control flowchart showing summer season operation mode selection processing of the outdoor unit in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a control flowchart showing winter season operation mode selection processing of the outdoor unit in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a control flowchart showing intermediate stage operation mode selection processing of the outdoor unit in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a view showing examples of a temporal change in each of the percentages of the demand for cooling and demand for heating on the indoor unit in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12A is a view showing examples of a change in the operation mode of the outdoor unit corresponding to the outdoor air temperature in the intermediate stage in the case where the percentages of the demand for cooling and demand for heating change as shown in FIG. 11 in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12B is a view showing examples of a change in the operation mode of the outdoor unit corresponding to the outdoor air temperature in the summer season in the case where the percentages of the demand for cooling and demand for heating change as shown in FIG. 11 in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12C is a view showing examples of a change in the operation mode of the outdoor unit corresponding to the outdoor air temperature in the winter season in the case where the percentages of the demand for cooling and demand for heating change as shown in FIG. 11 in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a view showing a relationship between the operation mode and target temperature of the heat medium at the time of each of the cooling operation and heating operation according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a control flowchart showing an example of changeover processing of the operation mode according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a view schematically showing the configuration of an air conditioner according to a third modified example.
  • FIG. 16 is a view showing an example of installation of cooling intermediate heat exchangers according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a view showing an example of installation of a heating intermediate heat exchanger according to the third embodiment.
  • an air conditioner in general, according to one embodiment, includes an outdoor unit, heat exchange unit, indoor units, valve unit, and control unit.
  • the outdoor unit includes a compressor configured to circulate a refrigerant, outdoor side heat exchanger, and first expansion valve.
  • the heat exchange unit includes a plurality of intermediate heat exchangers configured to carry out heat exchange between the refrigerant and heat medium, and second expansion valves corresponding to the plurality of intermediate heat exchangers.
  • Each of the indoor units includes an indoor side heat exchanger configured to carry out heat exchange between the heat medium and room air.
  • the valve unit includes flow path change-over valves each of which is configured to make one of the heat medium cooled by the intermediate heat exchanger and heat medium heated by the intermediate heat exchanger flow into the indoor side heat exchanger.
  • the control unit includes controllers each of which is configured to control each of the units.
  • the outdoor unit, heat exchange unit, indoor units, and valve unit are individually cased separately from each other. Further, the outdoor unit and heat exchange unit are connected to each other by a liquid pipe configured to send a condensate liquid condensed by the outdoor side heat exchanger to the heat exchange unit or send a condensate liquid condensed by the intermediate heat exchanger to the outdoor unit, suction gas pipe configured to send the refrigerant evaporated by the intermediate heat exchanger to the outdoor unit, and discharged gas pipe configured to send a discharged gas compressed by the compressor to the heat exchange unit.
  • the control unit carries out one of a heating operation, cooling operation, cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation, and heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the control unit makes the discharged gas flow into the intermediate heat exchanger.
  • the control unit condenses the discharged gas in the outdoor side heat exchanger and makes the condensed condensate liquid flow into the intermediate heat exchanger through the second expansion valve.
  • the control unit makes part of the discharged gas flow into one of the plurality of intermediate heat exchangers to thereby condense the part of the discharged gas, condenses the remainder of the discharged gas in the outdoor side heat exchanger, mixes the condensed condensate liquid with the refrigerant condensed in the intermediate heat exchanger through the liquid pipe, and makes the mixed condensate liquid flow into the other of the intermediate heat exchanger through the second expansion valve to thereby evaporate the mixed condensate liquid.
  • the control unit makes the discharged gas flow into one of the plurality of intermediate heat exchangers to thereby condense the discharged gas, makes part of the discharged gas flow into the outdoor side heat exchanger through the liquid pipe to thereby evaporate the part of the discharged gas, and makes the remainder of the condensate liquid flow into the other of the intermediate heat exchangers through the second expansion valve to thereby evaporate the remainder of the condensate liquid.
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of an air conditioner according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing the piping system of the air conditioner according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing an example of installation of the units of the air conditioner according to this embodiment.
  • the air conditioner 1 includes an outdoor unit 2 , heat exchange unit 3 , valve unit 4 , and indoor units 5 . These units are individually cased separately from each other, and are connected to each other by predetermined piping members 6 to 9 .
  • the outdoor unit 2 is installed on the rooftop RF of the building B
  • heat exchange unit 3 , valve unit 4 , and indoor units 5 are respectively installed in the ceiling spaces CS and the like of the floors 1 F and 2 F of the building B.
  • the ceiling space CS is a space or the like defined by the beam in the ceiling cavity of the building B and ceiling board in between them.
  • FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , and FIG. 3 schematically show the air conditioner 1 , and the number of units, and number of piping members can appropriately be increased or decreased from the aspect shown.
  • These units 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 respectively includes controllers 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 each configured to control an operation of each constituent member to be described later.
  • These controllers 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 constitute a control unit of the air conditioner 1 , and each of the controllers 20 to 50 includes a CPU, memory, storage (nonvolatile memory), input/output circuit, timer, and the like and executes predetermined arithmetic processing.
  • each of the controllers 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 reads various data items by means of the input/output circuit, carries out arithmetic processing by means of the CPU by using a program read from the storage into the memory, and carries out operation control of the constituent members of each of the units.
  • the controllers 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 carry out transmission/reception of a control signal to/from the unit constituent members and to/from the controllers by wire or by wireless.
  • a control panel 100 is connected to the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the control panel 100 includes a plurality of switches, buttons, dials, and the like and is contrived in such a manner that it is possible for the manager to set and adjust the operation of the air conditioner by operating these switches, buttons, dials, and the like.
  • the operation mode of the air conditioner 1 is configured in such a manner that the operation mode can be changed by the manager by operating the control panel 100 .
  • the controller 30 of the heat exchange unit 3 stores therein setting of the target temperature of the heat medium for each of the operation modes at the time of the cooling operation and at the time of the heating operation, and acquires the temperature of the heat medium by means of a temperature sensor 3 d to be described later.
  • the controller 20 of the outdoor unit 2 controls the rotational speed of a compressor 2 a on the basis of the temperature acquired by the temperature sensor 3 d and set target temperature. Setting of the target temperature, and control concerned (changeover processing of the operation mode) will be described later with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , respectively.
  • the air conditioner 1 has, as the operation modes thereof at the time of the cooling operation and at the time of the heating operation, two modes, i.e., a first mode (also called a normal operation mode) and second mode (hereinafter referred to also as an energy-saving operation mode) in which an operation is carried out with a higher degree of power saving than the first mode.
  • a first mode also called a normal operation mode
  • second mode hereinafter referred to also as an energy-saving operation mode
  • the outdoor unit 2 and heat exchange unit 3 constitute a heat source side refrigerating cycle in which the refrigerant is circulated through the air conditioner 1 . Further, the heat exchange unit 3 , valve unit 4 , and indoor units 5 constitute a heat medium circulating cycle in the air conditioner 1 .
  • the outdoor unit 2 and heat exchange unit 3 are connected to each other by piping (hereinafter referred to as refrigerant piping) 6 .
  • the refrigerant piping 6 includes a liquid pipe 6 a , suction gas pipe 6 b , and discharged gas pipe 6 c.
  • the outdoor unit 2 includes, as major constituents, a compressor 2 a , check valve 2 b , oil separator 2 c , four-way valve 2 d , outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e , expansion valve 2 f , liquid tank 2 g , outdoor unit fan 2 h , accumulator 2 i , on-off valves 2 j and 2 k , and outdoor air temperature sensor 2 l .
  • the constituents other than the outdoor unit fan 2 h and outdoor air sensor 2 l are connected to each other by piping inside the housing 21 , and are respectively arranged in the refrigerant flow path formed between the outdoor unit 2 and heat exchange unit 3 through which the refrigerant circulates.
  • the outdoor unit fan 2 h is arranged on the wall part of the housing 21 adjacent to the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e .
  • the housing 21 defines the contour (outer hull) of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the heat exchange unit 3 is configured to individually accommodate in the housing 31 thereof, as major constituents, expansion valves 3 a , 31 a , 32 a , and 33 a , intermediate heat exchangers 3 b , 31 b , and 32 b , on-off valve 3 c , and temperature sensors 3 d , 31 d , and 32 d .
  • the housing 31 defines the contour (outer hull) of the heat exchange unit 3 .
  • the expansion valves 31 a and 32 a correspond to second expansion valves relative to the expansion valves 2 f (first expansion valves) included in the outdoor unit 2
  • expansion valve 33 a corresponds to a third expansion valve relative to the expansion valve 2 f .
  • the intermediate heat exchanger 3 b carries out heat exchange between the refrigerant and heat medium.
  • the heat exchange unit 3 includes a plurality of intermediate heat exchangers 3 b , and at least one of the intermediate heat exchangers 3 b cools the heat medium by the refrigerant, and intermediate heat exchanger other than the above intermediate heat exchanger heats the heat medium by the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is, for example, R32 lower in GWP as compared with R410A and R407C.
  • the heat medium is water as an example, heat medium may also be antifreeze.
  • the temperature sensor 3 d is provided on the downstream side of the intermediate heat exchanger 3 b , and detects the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the intermediate heat exchanger 3 b . The temperature detected in this manner is transmitted to the controller 20 .
  • the heat exchange unit 3 includes the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b and heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b , whereby the air conditioner 1 is enabled to carry out one of the cooling operation and heating operation or is enabled to simultaneously carry out both the operations.
  • the heat source side refrigerating cycle constituted of the outdoor unit 2 and heat exchange unit 3 will be described below individually as to the operation aspect at the time of the cooling operation of the air conditioner 1 , at the time of heating operation, and at the time of cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the controllers 20 and 30 appropriately carry out transmission/reception of a control signal to/from the controllers 40 and 50 of the valve unit 4 and indoor units 5 to thereby operate the constituent members of the units 2 and 3 .
  • each of the outdoor unit 2 and heat exchange unit 3 operates in the following manner.
  • the compressor 2 a sucks the gaseous refrigerant from a suction port 21 a , compresses the sucked gaseous refrigerant, and discharges the compressed gaseous refrigerant from a discharge outlet 22 a .
  • the compressor 2 a is a device configured to compress the refrigerant to thereby bring the refrigerant into a high-temperature/high-pressure state, and is, for example, an inverter compressor or the like capable of carrying out capacity control.
  • the discharged gaseous refrigerant passes through the check valve 2 b , is then separated from a lubricating oil component contained therein by the oil separator 2 c and, then flows into the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e .
  • part of the gaseous refrigerant is branched therefrom by the four-way valve 2 d and flows into the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e .
  • the gaseous refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger 2 e radiates heat to the outdoor air to thereby be condensed and liquefied.
  • the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e carries out heat exchange between the refrigerant and outdoor air, and functions as a condenser at the time of the cooling operation.
  • the liquefied refrigerant (condensate liquid) is decompressed by the expansion valve 2 f to thereby be accumulated in the liquid tank 2 g and is then supplied to the heat exchange unit 3 through the liquid pipe 6 a .
  • the outdoor unit fan 2 h sucks the outdoor air into the inside of the housing 21 to thereby make the sucked air flow into the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e , and thereafter discharges the air to the outside of the housing 21 .
  • the supplied liquid refrigerant (condensate liquid) is expanded by the cooling expansion valve 31 a and then flows into the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b .
  • the liquid refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger 31 b absorbs heat from the heat medium in the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b to thereby be evaporated and gasified.
  • the gasified refrigerant (evaporation gas) is returned to the outdoor unit 2 through the pressure control expansion valve 33 a and suction gas pipe 6 b .
  • the evaporation gas is defined as a refrigerant that has undergone the evaporation process after passing through the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b .
  • a refrigerant not completely evaporated and containing a liquid refrigerant at a dryness fraction of 1.0 or less is also included.
  • the pressure control expansion valve 33 a controls the evaporation temperature of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b to thereby avoid freezing of the water serving as the heat medium.
  • the evaporation gas returned to the outdoor unit 2 is separated into the gaseous refrigerant and liquid refrigerant in the accumulator 2 i .
  • the separated gaseous refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2 a from the suction port 21 a and is compressed again.
  • the separated liquid refrigerant is accumulated in the accumulator 2 i.
  • each of the outdoor unit 2 and heat exchange unit 3 operates in the following manner.
  • the gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 a passes through the check valve 2 b , and is then separated from a lubricating oil component contained therein by the oil separator 2 c .
  • the on-off valve 2 j is opened, and gaseous refrigerant (discharged gas) is supplied to the heat exchange unit 3 through the discharged gas pipe 6 c.
  • the on-off valve 3 c is opened, and the supplied gaseous refrigerant radiates heat to the heat medium in the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b to thereby be condensed and liquefied.
  • the liquefied refrigerant (condensate liquid) is expanded in the heating expansion valve 32 a and is then returned to the outdoor unit 2 through the liquid pipe 6 a.
  • the on-off valve 2 k is opened, and liquid refrigerant (condensate liquid) returned to the outdoor unit 2 is expanded by the expansion valve 2 f after passing through the liquid tank 2 g , and flows into the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e .
  • the liquid refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger 2 e absorbs heat from the outside air in the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e to thereby be evaporated and gasified.
  • the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e functions as an evaporator.
  • the outdoor unit fan 2 h sucks the outdoor air into the inside of the housing 21 to thereby make the sucked air flow into the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e , and thereafter discharges the air to the outside of the housing 21 .
  • the gasified refrigerant evaporation gas
  • the gasified refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 2 a from the suction port 21 a through the four-way valve 2 d and accumulator 2 i and is compressed again.
  • each of the outdoor unit 2 and heat exchange unit 3 operates in the following manner.
  • the gaseous refrigerant (discharged gas) discharged from the compressor 2 a is, as in the case of the time of the heating operation, supplied to the heat exchange unit 3 through the discharged gas pipe 6 c .
  • the supplied gaseous refrigerant radiates heat to the heat medium in the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b to thereby be condensed and liquefied.
  • the liquefied refrigerant (condensate liquid) is expanded in each of the heating expansion valve 32 a and cooling expansion valve 31 a and flows into the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b .
  • the liquid refrigerant (condensate liquid) flowing into the heat exchanger 31 b absorbs heat from the heat medium in the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b to thereby be evaporated and gasified.
  • the flow path is switched in such a manner that the liquid refrigerant (condensate liquid) is supplied from the outdoor unit 2 to the heat exchange unit 3 .
  • the flow path is switched in such a manner that the liquid refrigerant (condensate liquid) is supplied from the heat exchange unit 3 to the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the on-off valves 2 j , 2 k , and 3 c are opened or closed, and flow path is changed by the four-way valve 2 d , whereby the supply direction of the liquid refrigerant passing through the liquid pipe 6 a is switched.
  • the liquid refrigerant is supplied from the outdoor unit 2 to the heat exchange unit 3 through the four-way valve 2 d .
  • the on-off valves 2 j , 2 k , and 3 c are opened, the liquid refrigerant is supplied from the heat exchange unit 3 to the outdoor unit 2 through the four-way valve 2 d.
  • the heat exchange unit 3 , valve unit 4 , and indoor units 5 constitute the heat medium circulating cycle in the air conditioner 1 .
  • the valve unit 4 is interposed between the heat exchange unit 3 and each of the indoor units 5 .
  • the valve unit 4 is connected to the heat exchange unit 3 by each of the heat medium piping 7 and heat medium piping 8 .
  • the heat medium piping 7 constitutes a flow path of the heat medium (hereinafter referred to as the cooled heat medium) cooled by the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b .
  • the heat medium piping 7 includes a cooling heat medium supply pipe 7 a and cooling heat medium reflux pipe 7 b .
  • the cooling heat medium supply pipe 7 a is a flow path configured to supply the cooled heat medium from the heat exchange unit 3 to the valve unit 4 .
  • the cooling heat medium reflux pipe 7 b is a flow path configured to reflux the cooled heat medium from the valve unit 4 to the heat exchange unit 3 .
  • the heat medium piping 8 constitutes a flow path of the heat medium (hereinafter referred to as the heated heat medium) heated by the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b .
  • the heat medium piping 8 includes a heating heat medium supply pipe 8 a and heating heat medium reflux pipe 8 b .
  • the heating heat medium supply pipe 8 a is a flow path configured to supply the heated heat medium from the heat exchange unit 3 to the valve unit 4 .
  • the heating heat medium reflux pipe 8 b is a flow path configured to reflux the heated heat medium from the valve unit 4 to the heat exchange unit 3 .
  • the valve unit 4 is connected to the indoor units by distribution pipes 9 .
  • the distribution pipes 9 include water advancing pipes 9 a configured to supply the heat medium to the indoor unit 5 and water returning pipes 9 b configured to return the heat medium to the valve unit 4 .
  • the water advancing pipe 9 a constitutes a flow path configured to supply the cooled heat medium supplied from the cooling heat medium supply pipe 7 a and heated heat medium supplied from the heating heat medium supply pipe 8 a to the indoor unit 5 .
  • the water returning pipe 9 b constitutes a flow path configured to return the cooled heat medium and heated heat medium to the valve unit 4 .
  • each of the cooling heat medium supply pipe 7 a and heating heat medium supply pipe 8 a is divided into four water advancing pipes 9 a , and the cooled heat medium and heated heat medium are respectively distributed to the four indoor units 5 .
  • the distributed cooled heat medium and heated heat medium are respectively returned to the valve unit 4 from the four water returning pipes 9 b , and circulate between the valve unit 4 and heat exchange unit 3 through the cooling heat medium reflux pipe 7 b or heating heat medium reflux pipe 8 b.
  • the heat medium piping 7 or 8 and distribution pipe 9 are different from each other in the piping diameter.
  • the piping diameter of the cooling heat medium supply pipe 7 a and cooling heat medium reflux pipe 7 b is greater than the piping diameter of the water advancing pipe 9 a .
  • the piping diameter of the heating heat medium supply pipe 8 a and heating heat medium reflux pipe 8 b is greater than the piping diameter of the water returning pipe 9 b .
  • the indoor units 5 differ in the design flow rate according to each individual capacity (capability), and hence each of the rated flow rates is obtained according to each individual capacity. Assuming that indoor units of the capacity ranging from 0.5 HP to 5 HP are lined up, the indoor units differ from each other in the rated flow rate, and it is conceivable as to the capacity of the circulating pump 5 a that about three capacity ranks may be required for the lineup.
  • the heat medium circulating cycle is a sealed circuit
  • the piping flow velocity is made to have an appropriate value. Accordingly, the piping diameter of the heat medium piping 7 , 8 is made to differ according to the total connecting capacity of the indoor units 5 .
  • the valve unit 4 is configured to accommodate a flow path change-over valve 4 a in the housing 41 thereof as a major constituent.
  • the flow path change-over valve 4 a is a valve configured to make one of the cooled heat medium and heated heat medium flow into the indoor side heat exchangers 5 b of the indoor units 5 , and includes water advancing valves 41 a and water returning valves 42 a .
  • Each of the water advancing valve 41 a and water returning valve 42 a is a three-way valve to be opened/closed by the controller 40 , and details thereof will be described later.
  • the housing 41 defines the contour (outer hull) of the valve unit 4 .
  • the indoor unit 5 includes, as major constituents, a circulating pump 5 a , indoor side heat exchanger 5 b , indoor unit fan 5 c , and information acquisition device 5 d .
  • the circulating pump 5 a and indoor side heat exchanger 5 b are connected to each other by piping inside the housing 51 , and are respectively arranged in the heat medium flow path of the heat medium circulating between the indoor unit 5 and heat exchange unit 3 through the valve unit 4 .
  • the indoor unit fan 5 c and information acquisition device 5 d are arranged on the wall part of the housing 51 in such a manner as to be adjacent to each other.
  • the housing 51 defines the contour (outer hull) of the indoor unit 5 .
  • the circulating pump 5 a circulates the heat medium through the heat medium flow path.
  • the information acquisition device 5 d is an interface device configured to carry out an exchange of information between the indoor unit 5 and user, and is, for example, an operating panel, switch, button, display for displaying information, and the like.
  • the information acquisition device 5 d acquires information (data) such as a start of an operation of the indoor unit 5 , mode selection between the cooling operation and heating operation, setting of the indoor temperature, and the like, and imparts the acquired information to the controller 50 .
  • the heat medium circulating cycle constituted of the heat exchange unit 3 , valve unit 4 , and indoor unit 5 will be described below.
  • the heat medium (cooled heat medium) cooled by radiating heat to the refrigerant in the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b of the heat exchange unit 3 is supplied to the valve unit 4 from the cooling heat medium supply pipe 7 a .
  • the heat medium (heated heat medium) heated by absorbing heat from the refrigerant in the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b is supplied to the valve unit 4 from the heating heat medium supply pipe 8 a .
  • the supplied cooled heat medium and heated heat medium are supplied to the indoor unit 5 from the water advancing pipe 9 a through the water advancing valve 41 a .
  • the water advancing valve 41 a supplies one of the cooled heat medium and heated heat medium to the indoor unit 5 .
  • the water advancing valve 41 a switches the flow path of the valve unit 4 in such a manner as to connect the flow path to the cooling heat medium supply pipe 7 a and supplies the cooled heat medium to the indoor unit 5 .
  • the water advancing valve 41 a switches the flow path of the valve unit 4 in such a manner as to connect the flow path to the heating heat medium supply pipe 8 a and supplies the heated heat medium to the indoor unit 5 .
  • the cooling operation and heating operation in the indoor unit 5 are switched between each other by the controller 50 according to, for example, selection or the like of the operation mode carried out by the user and acquired by the information acquisition device 5 d.
  • the heat medium returned from the indoor unit 5 is returned to the valve unit 4 from the water returning pipe 9 b through the water returning valve 42 a .
  • the water returning valve 42 a operates in concert with the water advancing valve 41 a on the same flow path to return the heat medium supplied to the indoor unit 5 to the valve unit 4 . More specifically, the water returning valve 42 a switches the flow path of the valve unit 4 in such a manner as to guide the heat medium returned from the indoor unit 5 carrying out the cooling operation to the cooling heat medium reflux pipe 7 b .
  • the heat medium guided to the cooling heat medium reflux pipe 7 b radiates heat to the refrigerant in the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b to thereby be cooled again.
  • the water returning valve 42 a switches the flow path of the valve unit 4 in such a manner as to guide the heat medium returned from the indoor unit 5 carrying out the heating operation to the heating heat medium reflux pipe 8 b .
  • the heat medium guided to the heating heat medium reflux pipe 8 b absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b to thereby be heated again.
  • the circulating pump 5 a operates according to whether the indoor unit 5 is in operation or is at a stop, and sucks the cooled heat medium or heated heat medium and discharges the sucked heat medium into the indoor side heat exchanger 5 b .
  • the circulating pump 5 a is a inverter pump capable of increasing/decreasing the rotational speed thereof and increases/decreases the rotational speed on the basis of, for example, the outlet temperature (outlet water temperature of indoor side heat exchanger 5 b ) of the heat medium.
  • the indoor side heat exchanger 5 b carries out a heat exchange between the room air and heat medium to thereby carry out temperature adjustment of the room air.
  • the indoor unit fan 5 c sucks the room air into the inside of the housing 51 to thereby make the sucked room air flow into the indoor side heat exchanger 5 b , and thereafter blows the temperature-regulated air toward the air-conditioning object space from the housing 51 .
  • the indoor unit fan 5 c starts to rotate approximately simultaneously with the operation start request for cooling or heating, and stops approximately simultaneously with the operation stop request.
  • the order of stopping the circulating pump 5 a and indoor unit fan 5 c either one of them may be earlier.
  • the air conditioner 1 more specifically, the outdoor unit 2 is operated in one of the operation modes of the cooling operation, heating operation, cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation, and heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • These operation modes may be selected by the controller 20 on the basis of, for example, the outdoor air temperature detected by the outdoor air temperature sensor 21 or may be selected on the basis of an instruction from the control panel 100 of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the cooling operation mode is an operation mode in which the discharged gas from the compressor 2 a is condensed by the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e , and the condensate liquid flows into the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b through the cooling expansion valve 31 a.
  • the heating operation mode is an operation mode in which the discharged gas from the compressor 2 a flows into the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b.
  • the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation mode is, although the cooling operation and heating operation are executed therein in a coexisting manner, an operation mode in which the cooling operation is appropriately executed by priority.
  • part of the discharged gas from the compressor 2 a flows into the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b to be condensed therein, and the remainder of the discharged gas is condensed in the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e .
  • the condensate liquids of both the heat exchangers 32 b and 2 e are mixed with each other, and the mixed condensate liquid flows into the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b through the cooling expansion valve 31 a to be evaporated therein.
  • the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation mode is, although the cooling operation and heating operation are executed therein in a coexistent manner, an operation mode in which the heating operation is appropriately executed by priority.
  • the discharged gas from the compressor 2 a flows into the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b to be condensed therein.
  • Part of the condensate liquid flows into the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e through the liquid pipe 6 a to be evaporated therein.
  • the remainder of the condensate liquid flows into the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b through the heating expansion valve 32 a and cooling expansion valve 31 a to be evaporated therein.
  • FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B the heat source side refrigerating cycle at the time of each of these cooling/heating-mixed operations is shown.
  • FIG. 4A is a view schematically showing the piping system of the heat source side refrigerating cycle
  • FIG. 4B is a Mollier diagram of the heat source side refrigerating cycle.
  • the part from P 1 to P 2 indicates the state change of the refrigerant in the compressor 2 a
  • part from P 2 to P 3 indicates state change thereof in the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e (condenser)
  • part from P 3 a to P 4 indicates state change thereof in the cooling expansion valve 31 a
  • part from P 4 to P 5 indicates state change thereof in the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b
  • part from P 5 to P 1 indicates state change thereof in the pressure control expansion valve 33 a .
  • the part from P 3 b to P 6 indicates the state change of the refrigerant in the heating expansion valve 32 a and expansion valve 2 f
  • part from P 6 to P 7 indicates state change thereof in the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e (evaporator).
  • the part from P 1 to P 7 indicated by outlined dots in FIG. 4B corresponds to the points of the piping system shown in FIG. 4A .
  • the curved line L 41 shown in FIG. 4B is a saturated liquid line and curved line L 42 is a saturated vapor line.
  • the pressure loss dP of the refrigerant can be obtained from the following formula (1) and formula (2).
  • dP ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ dH ( 1 )
  • dH ( ⁇ ⁇ 1 d + ⁇ n ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ n ) ⁇ v 2 2 ⁇ g ( 2 )
  • dP pressure loss
  • dH total loss head
  • g gravitational acceleration
  • p fluid density
  • A pipe friction coefficient
  • l pipe length
  • d pipe inner diameter
  • ⁇ average intra-pipe fluid velocity
  • Formula (3) is a coefficient for losses other than friction.
  • FIG. 5 relationships between the refrigerant density (kg/m 3 ), percentage (%), refrigerant flow velocity (m/s), (refrigerant flow velocity) 2 , percentage (%), and pressure loss percentage (%) and discharged gas pipe, liquid pipe, and suction gas pipe are shown.
  • the refrigerant density is “94.2” in the discharged gas pipe, “980.4” in liquid pipe, and “34.6” in suction gas pipe, and percentage is “100” in the discharged gas pipe, “1041” in liquid pipe, and “37” in suction gas pipe.
  • the refrigerant flow velocity is “23.3” in the discharged gas pipe, “2.2” in liquid pipe, and “63.4” in suction gas pipe
  • pressure loss is “542.4” in the discharged gas pipe, “5.0” in liquid pipe, and “4025.7” in suction gas pipe
  • pressure loss percentage is “100” in the discharged gas pipe, “10” in liquid pipe, and “272” in suction gas pipe.
  • the value of the liquid pipe is the smallest and value of the suction gas pipe is the largest. That is, in order to equalize the pressure loss coefficients, it is necessary to make the piping diameters d of the suction gas pipe 6 b , discharged gas pipe 6 c , and liquid pipe 6 a satisfy the condition “suction gas pipe 6 b >discharged gas pipe 6 c >liquid pipe 6 a ”. By configuring the piping diameters d of the air conditioner 1 in this manner, it is possible to make the air conditioner 1 a system of a high degree of efficiency.
  • the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e when the number of heating loads (loads to be heated) is large, it is necessary for the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e to operate as an evaporator. Accordingly, for example, when the outdoor air temperature becomes 0° C. in the winter season, the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e absorbs heat from the outdoor air, and hence the evaporation temperature of the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e becomes a temperature in the neighborhood of ⁇ 10° C.
  • the air conditioner 1 includes no expansion valve (intermediate pressure control expansion valve) 33 a in FIG. 4A , the evaporation temperature of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b becomes a temperature approximately equal to the outdoor side heat exchanger 2 e . Accordingly, when water is used as the heat medium, the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b is frozen, and there is a possibility of the heat exchanger 31 b being burst (actually, the evaporation temperature of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger becomes slightly higher by an amount corresponding to the piping pressure loss).
  • a temperature sensor 34 is provided in addition to the expansion valve 33 a .
  • the temperature sensor 34 detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 31 b . Opening/closing control of the expansion valve 33 a is executed by the controller 30 on the basis of the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 34 . Thereby, the evaporation temperature of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b is controlled on the basis of the detection temperature of the temperature sensor 34 .
  • the air conditioner 1 a of the first modified example can control the evaporation temperature of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b on the basis of the detection temperature of the temperature sensor 34 , and hence can suppress the risk of the burst of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b caused by freezing.
  • opening/closing control of the expansion valve 33 a is not limited to this.
  • opening/closing of the expansion valve 33 a may be controlled by the controller 30 by providing a pressure sensor 35 at the exit of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b in place of the temperature sensor 34 on the basis of the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 35 .
  • the controller 30 may convert the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 35 into the saturation temperature, and may control the opening/closing of the expansion valve 33 a on the basis of the converted saturation temperature.
  • each of the air conditioner 1 a shown in FIG. 6A and air conditioner 1 b shown in FIG. 6B is equal to the configuration of the air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment described above. Accordingly, configurations identical to the air conditioner 1 are denoted by reference symbols identical to the air conditioner 1 on the drawings and descriptions of the configurations are omitted.
  • FIG. 7 a control flow of the controller 20 in the operation mode selection processing (S 0 ) of the indoor unit 2 is shown.
  • the controllers 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 of the units 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 are linked with each other, whereby the operations of the units 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 are started (S 01 ).
  • the controllers 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 respectively start the operations of the outdoor unit 2 , heat exchange unit 3 , valve unit 4 , and indoor unit 5 .
  • the fact that the air conditioner 1 is in operation is the prerequisite for the operation mode selection processing (S 0 ). It is sufficient if the controller 20 executes the operation mode selection processing (S 0 ) by utilizing the above state as a trigger. Accordingly, when the air conditioner 1 is not in operation, the operation mode selection processing (S 0 ) is not executed.
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor air temperature sensor 21 detect the outdoor air temperature (TO) (S 02 ).
  • the outdoor air temperature (TO) is a temperature outside the air-conditioning object space and, as an example, is the ambient temperature of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the outdoor air temperature sensor 21 transmits the detection data (detection value of TO) to the controller 20 .
  • the controller 20 Upon receipt of the detection data, the controller 20 carries out determination as to the summer season condition and winter season condition.
  • the summer season condition is the condition of determination whether or not the outdoor air temperature (TO) is higher than or equal to a predetermined specified temperature (TH).
  • the winter season condition is the condition of determination whether or not the outdoor air temperature (TO) is lower than or equal to a predetermined specified temperature (TL).
  • Each of the values TH and TL is a temperature (threshold temperature) specifying the range of the outdoor air temperature (TO), TH is a first specified temperature, and TL is a second specified temperature lower than TH.
  • TH is about 28° C.
  • TL is about 18° C.
  • TH and TL can be set arbitrarily and are not limited to these values.
  • the values of the first specified temperature (TH) and second specified temperature (TL) are stored in, for example, a storage device of the controller 20 , and are read into the memory as parameters at the time of determination of the summer season condition or
  • the controller 20 determines the summer season condition (TO ⁇ TH) (S 03 ). In determining the summer season condition, the controller 20 compares the value of the outdoor air temperature (TO) with the value of the first specified temperature (TH).
  • the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 1 ) is processing of selecting (switching) the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in the summer season according to the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 . Details will be described later.
  • step S 03 determines the winter season condition (TO ⁇ TL) (S 05 ).
  • the controller 20 compares the value of the outdoor air temperature (TO) with the value of the second specified temperature (TL).
  • the controller 20 executes the winter season operation mode selection processing of the outdoor unit 2 (S 2 ) (S 06 ).
  • the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 2 ) is processing of selecting (switching) the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in the winter season according to the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 . Details will be described later.
  • the intermediate stage operation mode selection processing (S 3 ) is processing of selecting (switching) the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in the period other than the summer season and winter season (TL ⁇ TO ⁇ TH) according to the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 . Details will be described later.
  • the controller 20 executes as described above one of the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 1 ), winter season operation mode selection processing (S 2 ), and intermediate stage operation mode selection processing (S 3 ) according to the outdoor air temperature. Further, on completion of the selection processing (S 1 , S 2 , S 3 ), the operation mode selection processing (S 0 ) is terminated. Next, the selection processing (S 1 , S 2 , S 3 ) will be described.
  • the controller 20 calculates the percentage of each of the cooling demand and heating demand (hereinafter referred to as the cooling/heating demand percentage) on the indoor unit 5 (S 101 ). In calculating the percentages, the controller 20 acquires information (data) about the demand (cooling demand or heating demand) for the operation mode in each indoor unit 5 from the controller 50 of each indoor unit 5 .
  • the cooling demand and heating demand are set according to the operation mode selected by the user from, for example, the operating panel of the information acquisition device 5 d , and signals of the demands are transmitted to the controller 50 .
  • the controller 20 Upon calculation of the cooling/heating demand percentages, the controller 20 compares the cooling/heating demand percentages with a predetermined threshold, selects the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in the following manner according to the comparison result to thereby appropriately switch the operation mode.
  • a predetermined threshold in addition to 0(%) and 100(%), in this embodiment, two thresholds (A 1 , A 2 ) are used.
  • the threshold A 1 is a first threshold of the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 .
  • the first threshold is a majority, e.g., about 51%.
  • the threshold A 2 is a second threshold of the percentage of the heating demand on the indoor unit 5 .
  • the value “100 ⁇ A 2 ” is also the second threshold of the percentage of the cooling demand on the indoor unit 5 .
  • the threshold A 2 is an arbitrary value greater than A 1 and less than 100% and is, for example, a value within the range of 90% to 70%, as an example, about 75%.
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is zero, i.e., whether or not the percentage of the cooling demand is 100% (S 102 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the cooling operation (S 103 ).
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is less than the first threshold (S 104 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 105 ).
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is less than the second threshold (S 106 ).
  • the controller 20 suspends the heating demand made on the indoor unit 5 during such a period (S 107 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 105 ). Accordingly, when the outdoor unit 2 is carrying out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation, this mixed operation is continued. That is, in this case, the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 is left maintained as it is as the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation without being switched.
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is less than 100% (S 108 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 109 ). Accordingly, when the outdoor unit 2 is carrying out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation, the controller 20 releases the suspension of the heating demand (S 107 ) and switches the operation mode from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the heating operation (S 110 ).
  • the controller 20 While the air conditioner 1 is operated, the controller 20 repetitively carries out the summer season operation mode selection processing on the outdoor unit 2 which is in such a state (S 111 ). Thereby, in the outdoor unit 2 , the operation mode is selected according to the cooling/heating demand percentages, and is appropriately switched.
  • the controller 20 terminates the summer season operation mode selection processing.
  • FIG. 9 the control flow of the controller 20 in the winter season operation mode selection processing (S 2 ) is shown. As shown in FIG. 9 , the controller 20 calculates the cooling/heating demand percentages (S 201 ). Calculation of the cooling/heating demand percentages is identical to step S 101 in the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 1 ).
  • the controller 20 Upon calculation of the cooling/heating demand percentages, the controller 20 compares the cooling/heating demand percentages with a predetermined threshold, selects the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in the following manner according to the comparison result to thereby appropriately switch the operation mode.
  • a predetermined threshold in addition to 0(%) and 100(%), in this embodiment, two thresholds (A 1 , A 3 ) are used.
  • the threshold A 1 is a first threshold of the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 , and is common to (as an example, about 51%) the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 1 ).
  • the threshold A 3 is a third threshold of the percentage of the heating demand on the indoor unit 5 .
  • the value “100 ⁇ A 3 ” is also the third threshold of the percentage of the cooling demand on the indoor unit 5 .
  • the threshold A 3 is an arbitrary value less than A 1 and greater than 0% and is, for example, a value within the range of 10% to 30%, as an example, about 25%.
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the cooling demand is zero, i.e., whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is 100% (S 202 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the heating operation (S 203 ).
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the cooling demand is less than the first threshold (S 204 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 205 ).
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the cooling demand is less than the third threshold (S 206 ).
  • the controller 20 suspends the cooling demand on the indoor unit 5 during such a period (S 207 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 205 ). Accordingly, when the outdoor unit 2 is carrying out the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation, this mixed operation is continued. That is, in this case, the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 is left maintained as it is as the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation without being switched.
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the cooling demand is less than 100% (S 208 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 209 ). Accordingly, when the outdoor unit 2 is carrying out the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation, the controller 20 releases the suspension of the cooling demand (S 207 ) and switches the operation mode from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the cooling operation (S 210 ).
  • the controller 20 While the air conditioner 1 is operated, the controller 20 repetitively carries out the winter season operation mode selection processing on the outdoor unit 2 which is in such a state (S 211 ). Thereby, in the outdoor unit 2 , the operation mode is selected according to the cooling/heating demand percentages, and is appropriately switched.
  • the controller 20 terminates the winter season operation mode selection processing.
  • FIG. 10 the control flow of the controller 20 in the intermediate stage operation mode selection processing (S 3 ) is shown.
  • the controller 20 calculates the cooling/heating demand percentages (S 301 ). Calculation of the cooling/heating demand percentages is identical to step S 101 in the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 1 ) and winter season operation mode selection processing (S 2 ).
  • the controller 20 Upon calculation of the cooling/heating demand percentages, the controller 20 compares the cooling/heating demand percentages with a predetermined threshold, selects the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in the following manner according to the comparison result to thereby appropriately switch the operation mode.
  • a predetermined threshold in addition to 0(%) and 100(%), in this embodiment, the first threshold (A 1 ) is used.
  • the threshold A 1 is the first threshold of the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 , and is common to (as an example, about 51%) the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 1 ) and winter season operation mode selection processing (S 2 ).
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is zero, i.e., whether or not the percentage of the cooling demand is 100% (S 302 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the cooling operation (S 303 ).
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is less than the first threshold (S 304 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 305 ).
  • the controller 20 determines whether or not the percentage of the heating demand is less than 100% (S 306 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation (S 307 ). Accordingly, when the outdoor unit 2 is carrying out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation, the controller 20 switches the operation mode from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the operation mode is switched from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation without suspension of the heating demand on the indoor unit 5 unlike in the case of the summer season operation mode selection processing (S 1 ).
  • the controller 20 makes the outdoor unit 2 carry out the heating operation (S 308 ).
  • the controller 20 While the air conditioner 1 is operated, the controller 20 repetitively carries out the intermediate stage operation mode selection processing on the outdoor unit 2 which is in such a state (S 309 ). Thereby, in the outdoor unit 2 , the operation mode is selected according to the cooling/heating demand percentages, and is appropriately switched.
  • the controller 20 terminates the intermediate stage operation mode selection processing.
  • the controller 20 switches the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 to the heating operation when the percentage of the cooling demand is zero, to heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation when the percentage is greater than or equal to zero and less than the first threshold, to cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation when the percentage is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than 100%, and to cooling operation when the percentage is 100%.
  • the controller 20 switches the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation. That is, in the intermediate stage operation mode selection processing (S 3 ), the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 is switched from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation without suspension of the cooling demand on the indoor unit 5 unlike in the case of the winter season operation mode selection processing (S 2 ).
  • FIG. 11 is a view showing examples of a temporal change in each of the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 .
  • the total of the percentages of each of the cooling demand and heating demand on the four indoor units 5 is shown.
  • the cooling demand and heating demand are set according to the operation mode or the like of the indoor unit selected by the user from, for example, the operating panel of the information acquisition device 5 d.
  • FIG. 12A , FIG. 12B , and FIG. 12C examples of a change in the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 corresponding to the outdoor air temperature in the case where the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand on the indoor unit 5 change as shown in FIG. 11 are shown for each of the seasons.
  • FIG. 12A , FIG. 12B , and FIG. 12C are views showing examples of a change in the operation mode respectively in the intermediate stage (TL ⁇ TO ⁇ TH), summer season (TO ⁇ TH), and winter season (TO ⁇ TL).
  • the operation start control is carried out in the state where the cooling demand is made on all the indoor units 5 and, thereafter this state is maintained until time t 1 .
  • the heating demand is made on a part of the indoor units 5 , and control of switching the operation mode from the cooling operation to the heating operation is carried out in such indoor units 5 .
  • the operation of the indoor units 5 is carried out in the state of the operation mode in which the cooling operations of a part of the indoor units 5 and heating operations of the remaining indoor units 5 are carried out in a coexisting manner.
  • the percentage (percentage by which the operation mode is the heating mode) of the heating demand on the indoor units 5 gradually increases. Then, at time t 5 and thereafter, the state where the heating demand is made on all the indoor units 5 (operation modes of all the indoor units 5 are heating modes) is brought about.
  • the portion L 11 shown in FIG. 11 is the locus indicating changes in the percentage of the heating demand made on the indoor units 5 , and is the borderline between the percentages of the cooling demand and heating demand.
  • time series is not limited to the order of “time t 0 , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 , t 5 , and t 6 (ascending order)”.
  • the time series may be a time series of the descending order from time t 6 to time t 0 opposite to the above order or may be a time series in which the time points are lined in a random order.
  • each of A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 is a threshold of the percentages of the cooling/heating demands on the indoor units, and A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 respectively correspond to the aforementioned first threshold, second threshold, and third threshold.
  • FIG. 12A the control aspect of the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in the intermediate stage (TL ⁇ TO ⁇ TH) is shown.
  • the intermediate stage for example, from time t 0 to time t 1 , there is a state where the operation mode in all the indoor units 5 is the cooling mode, i.e., where the percentage of the cooling demand on the indoor units 5 is 100%. Accordingly, the outdoor unit 2 is made to carry out the cooling operation.
  • the heating demand is made on a part of the indoor units 5 , the percentage of the heating demand on the indoor units 5 rises from 0% and the percentage of the cooling demand lowers from 100%.
  • the operation mode is switched from the cooling operation to the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the percentage of the heating demand on the indoor units 5 becomes A 1 % and percent of the cooling demand becomes “(100 ⁇ A 1 )%”, and thus both the percentages become approximately equal to each other (as an example, the percentage of the heating demand is the majority).
  • the operation mode is switched from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the state where the operation mode of all the indoor units 5 is the heating mode is brought about, i.e., the percentage of the heating demand on all the indoor units 5 becomes 100%. Accordingly, in the outdoor unit 2 , the operation mode is switched from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating operation. Further, at t 5 and thereafter, even when it becomes time t 6 , the outdoor unit 2 continues the heating operation.
  • the operation mode is switched in the following manner opposite to the abovementioned control aspect. That is, at time t 5 , the operation mode is switched from the heating operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation. Subsequently, at time t 3 , the operation mode is switched from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation. Then, at time t 1 , the operation mode is switched from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling operation.
  • the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 is switched in the following manner on the basis of the outdoor air temperature in addition to the percentage of the demand for the operation mode to be made on the indoor units 5 .
  • the outdoor unit 2 is operated in a control aspect of the operation mode shown in FIG. 12B .
  • the summer season is the season of the case where the outdoor air temperature (TO) is higher than or equal to the predetermined specified temperature (TH) (TO ⁇ TH).
  • the outdoor unit 2 is operated in the control aspect of the operation mode identical to the intermediate stage shown in FIG. 12A . That is, during the period from time t 0 to time t 1 when the percentage of the cooling demand is 100%, the outdoor unit 2 is made to carry out the cooling operation. During the period from time t 1 to time t 3 when the percentage of the cooling demand lowers from 100%, the outdoor unit 2 is made to carry out the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the indoor unit 2 continues the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation. At this time, switching of the operation mode from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation is not carried out unlike in the case of the intermediate stage ( FIG. 12A ).
  • the operation mode is switched from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation. That is, after the operation mode is switched from the cooling operation at time t 1 , during the period from time t 1 to time t 4 , in the outdoor unit 2 , the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation is continued. During this period, the heating demand is suspended and cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation is maintained.
  • a 2 is set as the second threshold and, as a threshold of the percentage of the cooling demand of the above case, “(100 ⁇ A 2 )%” is set as the second threshold.
  • the operation mode is switched from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating operation. Then, at time t 5 and thereafter, even when it becomes time t 6 , the outdoor unit 2 continues the heating operation.
  • the control aspect of the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 during the above period is identical to the intermediate stage shown in FIG. 12A .
  • the outdoor unit 2 is operated in the control aspect of the operation mode shown in FIG. 12C .
  • the winter season is the season of the case where the outdoor air temperature (TO) is lower than or equal to the second specified temperature (TL) (TO ⁇ TL).
  • TL second specified temperature
  • a time series of the descending order is set from time t 6 to time to.
  • the outdoor unit 2 is operated in the control aspect of the operation mode identical to the intermediate stage shown in FIG. 12A . That is, during the period from time t 6 to time t 5 when the percentage of the heating demand is 100%, the indoor unit 2 is made to carry out the heating operation. During the period from time t 5 to time t 3 when the percentage of the heating demand lowers from 100%, the outdoor unit 2 is made to carry out the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • the indoor unit 2 continues the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation. At this time, switching of the operation mode from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation is not carried out.
  • the operation mode is switched from the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation. That is, after the operation mode is switched from the heating operation at time t 5 , during the period from time t 5 to time t 2 , in the outdoor unit 2 , the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation is continued. During this period, the cooling demand is suspended and heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation is maintained.
  • the operation mode is switched from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the cooling operation. Then, at time t 1 and thereafter, even when it becomes time t 0 , the outdoor unit 2 continues the cooling operation.
  • the control aspect of the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 during the above period is identical to the intermediate stage shown in FIG. 12A .
  • the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 is switched on the basis of the outdoor air temperature in addition to the percentage of the demand for the operation mode made on the indoor units 5 , whereby it is possible to shift (delay) the timing for switching the operation mode from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • delay the timing for switching the operation mode from the cooling-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation to the heating-prioritized cooling/heating-mixed operation.
  • thresholds for specifying the range of the outdoor air temperature the second threshold and third threshold are set in addition to the first threshold, thresholds to be added to the first threshold may further be increased. Thereby, it becomes possible to switch the operation mode of the outdoor unit 2 in more stages, and supply the capability of the operation mode actually demanded by the user more finely.
  • the configuration itself of an air conditioner according to the second embodiment is identical to the configuration of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 13 relationships between the operation mode (first mode, second mode) and target temperature of the heat medium at the time of each of the cooling operation and heating operation are shown.
  • the relationships are stored in the memory of the controller 30 as setting values.
  • the target temperature of the first mode normal operation mode
  • the target temperature of the second mode energy-saving operation mode
  • the target temperature of the second mode at the time of the cooling operation is set higher than the target temperature of the first mode.
  • the target temperature of the first mode when the target temperature of the first mode (normal operation mode) is a target temperature TB 1 , the target temperature of the second mode (energy-saving operation mode) is a target temperature TB 2 ( ⁇ TB 1 ). That is, the target temperature of the second mode at the time of the heating operation is set lower than the target temperature of the first mode.
  • the target temperatures TA 1 , TA 2 , TB 1 , and TB 2 of the heat medium are made settable from, for example, the control panel 100 .
  • FIG. 14 a flowchart which is an example of the switching processing of the operation mode is shown.
  • the main control is executed by the controller 30 of the heat exchange unit 3
  • rotation control of the compressor 2 a is executed by the controller 20 .
  • the controller 30 determines whether the operation of the air conditioner 1 is the cooling operation or heating operation on the basis of, for example, an instruction of the control panel 100 (ST 101 ). Upon determination that the operation is the cooling operation, the controller 30 then makes a determination as to the mode (ST 102 ). In this embodiment, regarding determination of the mode, the determination is carried out on the basis of the instruction from the control panel 100 as described above.
  • the controller 30 sets TA 1 as the target temperature of the heat medium (ST 103 ). That is, the current operational state is continued. Further, upon determination that the mode is the second mode (energy-saving operation mode), the controller 30 sets TA 2 (>TA 1 ) as the target temperature of the heat medium (ST 104 ). Thereby, the target temperature of the heat medium at the time of the cooling operation is changed.
  • the controller 30 makes a determination as to the mode (ST 105 ). The determination of the mode is carried out on the basis of the instruction from the control panel 100 , this being identical to the case of the cooling operation.
  • the controller 30 sets TB 1 as the target temperature of the heat medium (ST 106 ). That is, the current operational state is continued.
  • the controller 30 sets TB 2 ( ⁇ TB 1 ) as the target temperature of the heat medium (ST 107 ). Thereby, the target temperature of the heat medium at the time of the heating operation is changed.
  • the controller 20 After each target temperature of the heat medium is set in this way, the controller 20 carries out the operation of the air conditioner 1 at each set target temperature (ST 108 ). That is, the controller 20 controls the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a in such a manner that the temperature currently acquired from the heat medium becomes the target temperature set to the heat medium.
  • the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a of the outdoor unit 2 is controlled according to the target temperature of the heat medium set to the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b . Accordingly, the lower the target temperature of the heat medium, the higher the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a becomes.
  • the outlet setting temperature of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b i.e., the target temperature of the heat medium is set at 7° C.
  • the outlet setting temperature of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b i.e., the target temperature of heat medium is set at 12° C.
  • the target temperature of the heat medium is set higher in the second mode as compared with the first mode as described above, whereby it is possible to suppress the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a of the outdoor unit 2 at the time of setting of the second mode, and realize energy saving.
  • the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a of the outdoor unit 2 is controlled according to the target temperature of the heat medium set to the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b . Accordingly, the higher the target temperature of the heat medium, the higher the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a becomes.
  • the outlet setting temperature of the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b i.e., the target temperature of the heat medium is set at 45° C.
  • the outlet setting temperature of the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b i.e., the target temperature of heat medium is set at 40° C.
  • the target temperature of the heat medium is set lower in the second mode as compared with the first mode, whereby it is possible to suppress the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a of the outdoor unit 2 at the time of setting of the second mode, and realize energy saving.
  • the control panel it is possible, from the control panel, to change the operation mode, i.e., to change the operation mode from the first mode (normal operation mode) to the second mode (energy-saving operation mode). Accordingly, for example, at the time of power peak, the manager of the air conditioner 1 operates the control panel 100 to change the operation mode of the air conditioner 1 from the first mode to the second mode, whereby it is possible to suppress the power consumption amount at the peak time. That is, the air conditioner 1 can realize energy saving.
  • the configuration may be contrived in such a manner that the controller 30 changes the operation mode of the air conditioner 1 from the first mode to the second mode according to the operating states of the indoor units 5 .
  • the controller 40 of the valve unit 4 carries out communication with the controller 50 of each of the indoor units 5 connected to the valve unit 4 and acquires the operating state of each of the indoor units 5 .
  • the controller 30 carries out communication with the controller 40 of the valve unit 4 , acquires the operating state of each of the indoor units 5 and, upon acquisition of information indicating that each of all the indoor units 5 operates at the minimum capacity, the controller 30 changes the operation mode of the air conditioner 1 from the first mode (normal operation mode) to the second mode (energy-saving operation mode). In this manner too, it is possible to suppress the rotational speed of the compressor 2 a of the outdoor unit 2 , and realize energy saving of the air conditioner 1 . Further, it is possible for the air conditioner 1 to automatically realize energy saving without receiving an instruction from the control panel 100 .
  • the position of the pump may not be provided in each of the indoor units 5 and, it is sufficient if the position is provided in the vicinity of each of the indoor units 5 .
  • the configuration may be contrived in such a manner that a pump Pa configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling heat medium, and pump Pb configured to adjust the flow rate of the heating heat medium are provided between the heat exchange unit 3 and valve unit 4 without providing a pump in each of the indoor units 5 .
  • an air conditioner 1 c according to the third modified example is shown.
  • the fundamental configuration of the air conditioner 1 c is identical to the configuration of the air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment described above. Accordingly, configurations identical to the air conditioner 1 are denoted by reference symbols identical to the first embodiment on the drawings and descriptions of the configurations are omitted.
  • the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that arrangement of a cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b and heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b is contrived. Accordingly, arrangement of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b and heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b will be described in detail.
  • the plate heat exchanger is designed in such a manner that the longitudinal direction is the vertical direction and lateral direction is the horizontal direction, and is configured in such a manner that the refrigerant flows in the longitudinal direction.
  • the reason for this is that by making the longitudinal direction the vertical direction, it is possible to make the flow path cross-sectional area smaller, improve the flow velocity, and improve the thermal conductivity. In comparison with the case where the lateral direction is made the vertical direction, it becomes possible to improve the performance with respect to the same volume.
  • the heat exchange unit 3 is installed in a small and confined space such as a ceiling cavity or the like. Accordingly, it is desirable that the dimension of the casing in the height direction (vertical direction) be designed small to the extent possible. Accordingly, the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b and heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b are respectively installed as shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 . It should be noted that in each of FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 , the underside in the figure is the installation surface G of the plate heat exchanger. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the heat exchange unit 3 includes three small-sized cooling intermediate heat exchangers 31 b and one large-sized heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b.
  • the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b is installed in such a manner that the refrigerant flows upwardly from below in the direction perpendicular to the installation surface G. That is, the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b is installed on the installation surface G in such a manner that the entrance E 11 of the refrigerant is located at a lower position and exit E 12 of the refrigerant is located at an upper position, and the refrigerant flows in from the entrance E 11 as indicated by an arrow R 1 shown in FIG. 16 and thereafter flows out from the exit E 12 in a gaseous phase (gas).
  • a gaseous phase gas
  • a two-phase refrigerant flows into the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b , and hence if the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b is installed to be laid in the horizontal direction (as in the case of the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b of FIG. 17 ) relatively to the installation surface G, the refrigerant liquid goes too far to the underside, and thus the plate inside the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b becomes unable to be effectively used, the performance of the heat exchanger largely lowers, and there is a possibility of a trouble such as freezing or the like due to lowering of the evaporation temperature being caused. Accordingly, the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b is installed as shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b is installed in such a manner that the refrigerant flows in the horizontal direction relatively to the installation surface G. That is, the refrigerant flows in from the entrance E 21 as indicated by the arrow R 2 in FIG. 17 and thereafter flows out from the exit E 22 .
  • the refrigerant flows into the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b in the gaseous phase (gas) and flows out in the form of the refrigerant liquid (condensate liquid), and hence even when the heat exchanger 32 b is installed in such a manner that the refrigerant flows in the horizontal direction, it is possible to effectively use the plate inside the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b and it is also possible to suppress lowering of the performance of the heat exchanger as compared with the cooling intermediate heat exchanger 31 b . Accordingly, the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b is installed as shown in FIG. 17 .
  • cooling intermediate heat exchangers 31 b and heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b as shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 , it is possible to, although the plurality of cooling intermediate heat exchangers 31 b become necessary, make the number of the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b one, and hence it is possible to suppress an increase in the manufacturing cost due to an increase in the number of brazed parts and increase in the parts count in addition to it is possible to reduce the cost of the intermediate heat exchangers while suppressing lowering of the performance of the air conditioner 1 .
  • the number of the cooling intermediate heat exchangers 31 b is three, the number of the cooling intermediate heat exchangers 31 b is not limited to this.
  • the number of the cooling intermediate heat exchangers 31 b and number of the heating intermediate heat exchanger 32 b may be increased/decreased according to the environment such as the installation area of the installation location, height of the installation location, and the like within the range in which an increase in the number of brazed parts and increase in the parts count are decreased to the extent possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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JP2022164260A (ja) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-27 株式会社デンソー 冷凍サイクル装置
JP7398582B1 (ja) 2023-02-16 2023-12-14 東芝キヤリア株式会社 空気調和装置

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WO2010131378A1 (fr) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 三菱電機株式会社 Ventilateur
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KR100619775B1 (ko) * 2005-02-15 2006-09-11 엘지전자 주식회사 냉난방 동시형 멀티 에어컨
WO2010050006A1 (fr) 2008-10-29 2010-05-06 三菱電機株式会社 Climatiseur
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JP2016125724A (ja) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-11 ダイキン工業株式会社 蓄熱式空気調和機
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WO2010131378A1 (fr) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 三菱電機株式会社 Ventilateur
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WO2021053924A1 (fr) 2021-03-25
EP4033177A1 (fr) 2022-07-27
CN114466995B (zh) 2023-08-15
JP7356506B2 (ja) 2023-10-04

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