US20220196350A1 - Adaptive heat exchanger - Google Patents

Adaptive heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220196350A1
US20220196350A1 US17/128,551 US202017128551A US2022196350A1 US 20220196350 A1 US20220196350 A1 US 20220196350A1 US 202017128551 A US202017128551 A US 202017128551A US 2022196350 A1 US2022196350 A1 US 2022196350A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shape
flow path
fins
heat exchanger
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/128,551
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English (en)
Inventor
Abbas A. Alahyari
Yasmin Khakpour
Vijay Narayan Jagdale
John H. Whiton
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority to US17/128,551 priority Critical patent/US20220196350A1/en
Assigned to HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION reassignment HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALAHYARI, ABBAS A., JAGDALE, VIJAY NARAYAN, KHAKPOUR, Yasmin, WHITON, JOHN H.
Priority to EP21216164.0A priority patent/EP4015965A1/de
Publication of US20220196350A1 publication Critical patent/US20220196350A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/14—Fins in the form of movable or loose fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/04—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes comprising shape memory alloys or bimetallic elements

Definitions

  • Exemplary embodiments pertain to the art of heat exchangers.
  • Plate and fin heat exchangers include layers of corrugated sheets separated by flat metal plates to create several finned chambers. A first fluid and a second fluid flow through alternating layers of the heat exchanger. Heat is exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid at an interface between the fluids as the fluids flow through the heat exchanger. While currently available heat exchangers are adequate, improvements to efficiency are desired.
  • a heat exchanger comprising a first flow path with an inlet, an outlet and a first surface and a second flow path with an inlet, an outlet and a second surface wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface has a portion consisting of a shape memory alloy which has a first shape at a first temperature, a second shape at a second temperature different than the first temperature, and returns to the first shape in response to a return to the first temperature.
  • the first surface and the second surface both have a portion consisting of a shape memory alloy.
  • the first shape is planar with the first surface and the second shape projects into the flow path.
  • the first shape is planar with the first surface and the second shape reduces the size of the flow path.
  • the portion consisting of a shape memory alloy is fabricated using additive manufacturing.
  • the first shape puts the first surface in the flow path and the second shape puts the first surface on the side of the flow path.
  • the first shape is planar with the first surface and the second shape closes the flow path.
  • a heat exchanger including a first flow path with an inlet, an outlet and a first set of fins and a second flow path with an inlet, an outlet and a second set of fins wherein at least one of the first set of fins and the second set of fins has a portion consisting of a shape memory alloy which has a first shape at a first temperature, a second shape at a second temperature different than the first temperature, and returns to the first shape in response to a return to the first temperature.
  • the first set of fins and the second set of fins both have a portion consisting of a shape memory alloy.
  • the first shape is planar with the fins in the first set fins and the second shape projects into the flow path.
  • the portion consisting of a shape memory alloy is fabricated using additive manufacturing.
  • the first shape is planar with the fins in the first set of fins and the second shape reduces the size of the first flow path.
  • the first shape puts the first set of fins in the first flow path and the second shape puts the first set of fins on the side of the first flow path.
  • the first shape is planar with the first set of fins and the second shape closes the flow path.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger
  • FIGS. 2A-B , FIGS. 3A-B , and FIGS. 4A-B show exemplary changes in fin shape.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of heat exchanger 20 .
  • Heat exchanger 20 includes housing 22 , a first layer 24 , a second layer 26 , a first flow path 28 , a second flow path 30 , inlet 32 , outlet 34 , fins 36 , passages 38 , inlet 40 , outlet 42 , fins 44 , and passages 46 .
  • Heat exchanger 20 includes housing 22 that forms a body of heat exchanger 20 .
  • Heat exchanger 20 is shown as including two layers, first layer 24 and second layer 26 but this is not limiting and heat exchanger 20 may include additional layers. Two layers are shown merely for simplicity and clarity.
  • First layer 24 includes first flow path 28 and second layer 26 includes second flow path 30 .
  • First flow path 28 extends in a first direction through heat exchanger 20 and second flow path 30 extends in a second direction through heat exchanger 20 that is perpendicular to the first direction. In alternate embodiments, first flow path 28 and second flow path 30 can extend in parallel directions.
  • First flow path 28 has inlet 32 and outlet 34 .
  • Inlet 32 is positioned on a first end of first flow path 28 and outlet 34 is positioned on a second end of first flow path 28 .
  • a fluid enters first flow path 28 through inlet 32 and exits first flow path 28 through outlet 34 .
  • First flow path 28 further includes first surfaces such as fins 36 that are walls that extend from inlet 32 to outlet 34 . Fins 36 form passages 38 in first flow path 28 . Passages 38 are open channels that extend from inlet 32 to outlet 34 through which the fluid in first flow path 28 flows.
  • Second flow path 30 has inlet 40 and outlet 42 .
  • Inlet 40 is positioned on a first end of second flow path 30 and outlet 42 is positioned on a second end of second flow path 30 .
  • a fluid enters second flow path 30 through inlet 40 and exits second flow path 30 through outlet 42 .
  • Second flow path 30 further includes second surfaces such as fins 44 that are walls that extend from inlet 40 to outlet 42 . Fins 44 form passages 46 in second flow path 30 .
  • Passages 46 are open channels that extend from inlet 40 to outlet 42 through which the fluid in second flow path 30 flows.
  • a cold fluid can flow through passages 38 of first flow path 28 while a hot fluid flows through passages 46 of second flow path 30 .
  • the hot fluid flows through passages 46 of second flow path 30 it will flow across fins 44 and heat will transfer out of the hot fluid and into fins 44 .
  • the heat from fins 44 in second flow path 30 will then transfer through housing 22 of heat exchanger 20 and into fins 36 in first flow path 28 .
  • the cold fluid flowing through passages 38 of first flow path 28 can then absorb heat from fins 36 .
  • the cold fluid that has absorbed heat from fins 36 can then exit passages 38 , removing the heat from heat exchanger 20 . In this manner, the hot fluid flowing through second flow path 30 will be cooled as it flows through heat exchanger 20 and the cold fluid flowing through the first flow path 28 will be heated as it flows through heat exchanger 20 .
  • Heat exchangers are typically designed for a specific condition and are oversized for most other conditions.
  • the resulting fluid flow resistance reduces the efficiency of the system overall by having greater fluid flow resistance than necessary during the majority of the operating conditions.
  • the efficiency of the overall system can be improved by employing an adaptive heat exchanger which increases the surface area for heat exchange when needed.
  • an adaptive heat exchanger which increases the surface area for heat exchange when needed.
  • the fins adapt to lay on the bottom or top of the flow path and then can adapt again to extend across the flow path.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show fins altering shape to lay on the bottom of the flow path.
  • FIG. 2A shows fins 36 positioned in the flow path 28 to form passages 38 .
  • fins 36 may change shape to lay on a side of flow path 28 , thereby decreasing fluid flow resistance.
  • a surface of the flow path such as the fins, alters shape to have a projection which extends into the flow path and increase turbulence of the fluid flowing through the flow path.
  • the fins can further alter shape to remove the projection from the flow path.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B shows fins having projections that extend into the flow path altering shape to remove the projections from the flow path.
  • fins 36 have projections 37 protruding into the passages 38 that are part of flow path 28 .
  • projections 37 have altered shape to be removed from the flow path 28 and be planar with the remainder of the fin.
  • the projections 37 are shown in FIG. 3B to be additional to the fin.
  • projections 37 may be integral to the fin and leave an opening when protruding into the flow path.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show an embodiment in which fins 36 have portions 39 which can alter shape in response to a change in temperature to reduce the size of the flow path by closing off a portion of the flow path.
  • the portions 39 can close the flow path to fluid flow.
  • the fins can alter shape due to at least a portion of the fin consisting of a shape memory alloy.
  • the portion of the fin that connects to the housing 22 or is adjacent to housing 22 is a shape memory alloy which changes shape at the desired temperature, allowing the fin to change position.
  • the entire fin may consist of a shape memory alloy.
  • the fin in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B has a portion which consists of a shape memory alloy and allows the projection to move into and out of the flow path. It is further contemplated that the entire projection may consist of a shape memory alloy.
  • fins are used as an example throughout the description this should not be construed as limiting as any surface of the heat exchanger that forms part of the flow path may comprise a portion consisting of a shape memory alloy.
  • Exemplary shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium alloy, copper-aluminum-nickel, copper-tin, copper-zinc-X, indium-titanium, nickel-aluminum, iron-platinum, manganese-copper, and iron-manganese-silicon.
  • the heat exchanger, the fins or both can be made using additive manufacturing.
  • Exemplary methods include laser powder-bed fusion.
  • the shape memory alloy portion of the fin must be trained to have two-way shape memory.
  • Two-way shape memory is developed through thermomechanical cyclic training. Developing two-way shape memory allows the shape memory alloy to have a different shape depending on temperature. This is in contrast to a shape memory alloy without two-way shape memory which may change shape in response to a temperature change but does not revert to the previous shape once the original temperature is re-established.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US17/128,551 2020-12-21 2020-12-21 Adaptive heat exchanger Pending US20220196350A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/128,551 US20220196350A1 (en) 2020-12-21 2020-12-21 Adaptive heat exchanger
EP21216164.0A EP4015965A1 (de) 2020-12-21 2021-12-20 Adaptiver wärmetauscher

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/128,551 US20220196350A1 (en) 2020-12-21 2020-12-21 Adaptive heat exchanger

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Publication Number Publication Date
US20220196350A1 true US20220196350A1 (en) 2022-06-23

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US17/128,551 Pending US20220196350A1 (en) 2020-12-21 2020-12-21 Adaptive heat exchanger

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US (1) US20220196350A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4015965A1 (de)

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3079994A (en) * 1956-01-30 1963-03-05 Daimler Benz Ag Heat transfer plate construction
DE3805692A1 (de) * 1988-02-24 1989-09-07 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Waermetauscher mit oel als waermeabgebendes medium
US20080099193A1 (en) * 2006-11-01 2008-05-01 Slavek Peter Aksamit Self-regulated cooling mechanism
US20090200007A1 (en) * 2008-02-13 2009-08-13 Lockheed Martin Corporation Heat exchanger having temperature-actuated valves
US20110296826A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Controlling heat in a system using smart materials
US20120174571A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-07-12 Villanueva Alexis A Shape memory alloy (sma) actuators and devices including bio-inspired shape memory alloy composite (bismac) actuators
US20120279242A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Controllable heat exchanger for a motor vehicle air conditioning system
US20130240096A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc. Phase change graded sma actuators
US20140360699A1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-11 Mide Technology Corporation Variable geometry heat sink assembly
US20150377562A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2015-12-31 Dana Canada Corporation Fluid channels having performance enhancement features and devices incorporating same
US20160320149A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2016-11-03 Fractal Heatsink Technologies, LLC System and method for maintaining efficiency of a fractal heat sink
US20170211897A1 (en) * 2016-01-27 2017-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Bimetallic fin with themo-adjusting turbulation feature
DE102017009397A1 (de) * 2016-10-26 2018-04-26 Scania Cv Ab Wärmeübertragungsanordnung für einen wärmetauscher
US9982661B1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2018-05-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa Passive thermal management systems employing shape memory alloys
US20180161874A1 (en) * 2015-03-17 2018-06-14 Sinter Print, Inc. Additive manufacturing of metal alloys and metal alloy matrix composites
WO2018185410A1 (fr) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif d'échange thermique pour véhicule automobile
US20180355990A1 (en) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger valves

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59120375U (ja) * 1983-01-26 1984-08-14 日産自動車株式会社 熱交換器
US20180058472A1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-01 Unison Industries, Llc Fan casing assembly with cooler and method of moving

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3079994A (en) * 1956-01-30 1963-03-05 Daimler Benz Ag Heat transfer plate construction
DE3805692A1 (de) * 1988-02-24 1989-09-07 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Waermetauscher mit oel als waermeabgebendes medium
US20080099193A1 (en) * 2006-11-01 2008-05-01 Slavek Peter Aksamit Self-regulated cooling mechanism
US20090200007A1 (en) * 2008-02-13 2009-08-13 Lockheed Martin Corporation Heat exchanger having temperature-actuated valves
US20160320149A1 (en) * 2010-05-04 2016-11-03 Fractal Heatsink Technologies, LLC System and method for maintaining efficiency of a fractal heat sink
US20110296826A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Controlling heat in a system using smart materials
US20120174571A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-07-12 Villanueva Alexis A Shape memory alloy (sma) actuators and devices including bio-inspired shape memory alloy composite (bismac) actuators
US20120279242A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Controllable heat exchanger for a motor vehicle air conditioning system
US20130240096A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Gm Global Technology Operations Llc. Phase change graded sma actuators
US9982661B1 (en) * 2013-03-11 2018-05-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of Nasa Passive thermal management systems employing shape memory alloys
US20140360699A1 (en) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-11 Mide Technology Corporation Variable geometry heat sink assembly
US20150377562A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2015-12-31 Dana Canada Corporation Fluid channels having performance enhancement features and devices incorporating same
US20180161874A1 (en) * 2015-03-17 2018-06-14 Sinter Print, Inc. Additive manufacturing of metal alloys and metal alloy matrix composites
US20170211897A1 (en) * 2016-01-27 2017-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Bimetallic fin with themo-adjusting turbulation feature
DE102017009397A1 (de) * 2016-10-26 2018-04-26 Scania Cv Ab Wärmeübertragungsanordnung für einen wärmetauscher
WO2018185410A1 (fr) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif d'échange thermique pour véhicule automobile
US20180355990A1 (en) * 2017-06-12 2018-12-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger valves

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