US20220190700A1 - Method and apparatus for power generation - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for power generation Download PDFInfo
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- US20220190700A1 US20220190700A1 US17/567,299 US202217567299A US2022190700A1 US 20220190700 A1 US20220190700 A1 US 20220190700A1 US 202217567299 A US202217567299 A US 202217567299A US 2022190700 A1 US2022190700 A1 US 2022190700A1
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- magnetic
- core
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- coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/04—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving coil systems and stationary magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
- H02K7/075—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa using crankshafts or eccentrics
Definitions
- the invention relates in general to power generation methods, and in particular to an improved method for generating electrical power using linear power generators.
- Generators are based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. Faraday discovered that when an electrical conducting material (such as copper) is moved through a magnetic field (or vice versa), an electric current will begin to flow through that material. This electromagnetic effect induces voltage or electric current into the moving conductors.
- rotary generators are essentially very large quantities of wire spinning around the inside of very large magnets.
- the coils of wire are called the armature because they are moving with respect to the stationary magnets (which are called the stators).
- the moving component is called the armature and the stationary component is called the stator.
- Linear generators in contrast, usually have a magnetic core moving through coils of wire. As the magnetic core passes through the coils, electrical current is produced. In this situation, the magnetic core is the armature because it moves relative to the coils, which are now called the stators.
- Typical energy source is used to provide power to move the armature with respect to the stator.
- Typical sources of mechanical power are a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, or even a hand crank.
- the method comprises creating magnetic flux forces generally transverse to a face of a magnet facing a center of a cylinder, moving a coil of wound conductive material partially through the center opening of the cylinder to produce the electric current and, routing resistive forces generated from the moving coil through an iron core, wherein the first coil is positioned concentrically about a first portion of the core, and further routing the resistive forces around the cylinder.
- FIG. 1 a is a partial sectional isometric drawing of one embodiment of an electric power system.
- FIG. 1 b is a top view of magnetic disc which could be used in the electric power system illustrated in FIG. 1 a.
- FIG. 1 c is a conceptualized detail illustration of a coupling system between a portion of the coils and commutator segments which may be used in the electric power system of FIG. 1 a.
- FIG. 1 d is conceptualized detail illustration of another embodiment of a coupling system between a portion of the coils and commutator segments which may be used in the electric power system of FIG. 1 a.
- FIG. 2 a is a schematic section view of the magnetic cylinder which could be used in the power system of FIG. 1 a.
- FIG. 2 b is a schematic section illustration of the power system of FIG. 1 a where a coil assembly is at a first position.
- FIG. 2 c is a schematic section illustration of the power system of FIG. 1 b where the coil assembly is at a second position.
- FIG. 1 a there is presented a partial sectional isometric drawing of one embodiment of an electric power system 100 , such as an electric power generator or electric motor.
- an electric power system 100 such as an electric power generator or electric motor.
- the plurality of magnets are positioned within an exterior retaining ring 108 .
- the retaining ring 108 is structurally sufficient to overcome the magnetic repulsive forces of the magnetic devices and maintain the radial arrangement of the magnets 102 .
- the retaining ring 108 may be formed from a variety of materials.
- the retaining ring 108 is formed from iron or a relatively soft iron alloy.
- they may be formed from non-ferrous metal if structural strength is the primary consideration for the use of the retaining ring.
- FIG. 1 b illustrates a top view of one embodiment of the magnetic disc 110 which may be used by the system 100 .
- FIG. 1 b illustrates the outer retaining ring 108 , and the plurality of magnets 102 arranged in a radial or circular pattern.
- an inner retaining ring 106 is also positioned about the longitudinal axis 104 .
- the inner retaining ring 106 may be formed from iron and may be added to strengthen the magnetic flux strength of the system or for additional structural stability.
- each individual magnet of the plurality of magnets 102 for instance magnet 102 a is orientated such that a magnetic pole faces inward towards the longitudinal or center axis of the magnetic disc 110 . Consequently, the opposing pole faces outward from the center of the magnetic disc 110 .
- the magnets 102 a each have their north poles facing inward and their south poles facing outward.
- the magnets 102 a may be made of out any suitable magnetic material, such as: neodymium, Alnico alloys, ceramic permanent magnets, or even electromagnets.
- the individual magnets 102 a are held in place by an appropriate securement method known in the art, such as casting the magnets in resin, epoxying the magnets to a substrate, or by securing the magnets with mechanical fasteners.
- fastening features 112 such as screw holes, threaded studs, or interlocking rings are formed on the exterior of the outer retaining ring 108 to allow the magnetic disc 110 to be fastened to other magnetic discs or a support structure (not shown).
- FIG. 1 a there is shown a plurality of modular magnetic discs 110 a - 110 d which forms a magnetic cylinder 114 (a portion of which is cut away in FIG. 1 a ). Although four magnetic discs 11 Oa- 11 Od are illustrated, depending on the required magnetic flux field strength of the magnetic cylinder 114 , any number of magnetic discs could be used to assemble the magnetic cylinder 114 .
- the power system 100 is modular in this respect and multiple magnetic discs 110 may be added to meet specific requirements.
- the magnetic cylinder 114 may comprise a single inner confinement ring, a single outer confinement ring, and predetermined number of rows of the plurality of magnets 102 positioned in a radial manner.
- the magnetic cylinder 114 When incorporated into the system 100 , the magnetic cylinder 114 is concentrically centered about a core 116 having the same longitudinal axis 104 as the magnetic cylinder 114 .
- the core 114 is elongated and rod-like in shape.
- the core 114 may be made from iron or a ferrite compound with similar magnetic properties.
- the core 116 becomes a carrier for some of the counter emf flux generated during the power generation process.
- a plurality of yolks 118 a - 118 c are coupled to the core 116 at each end such that the yolks surround the magnetic cylinder 114 .
- the yolks 118 a - 118 c may be coupled to the magnetic cylinder 114 and provide structural support for the magnetic cylinder.
- the yolks 118 a - 118 c and the core 116 together create a carrier for counter emf forces to be routed away from the power generation area inside the magnetic cylinder 114 .
- the casing itself may serve as a yolk and/or structural support.
- the yolks 118 a - 118 c may serve the dual function for providing structural support for an enclosure (not shown).
- the yolks 118 a - 118 c may be formed from iron, a ferrite compound or an alloy having similar magnetic properties.
- each individual coil 120 a in the coil assembly is made from a conductive material, such as copper (or a similar alloy) wire and is constructed using conventional winding techniques known in the art.
- the individual coils 120 a are essentially cylindrical in shape being wound around a coil core (not shown) having a center opening sized to allow the coils to freely travel longitudinally along the core 116 .
- the coil core may be made from a Teflon, Teflon laminate, bakelight, or other suitable material to allow the coil to travel longitudinally along the stationary core 116 .
- coils 120 a Although a particular number of coils 120 a are illustrated in FIG. 1 a , depending on the power requirements, any number of coils could be used to assemble the coil assembly 120 .
- the system is modular in this respect and individual coils may be added to the system to meet specific power requirements.
- the conductors or wires (not shown) in each of the coils 120 a terminate into separate commutator segments, for instance one conductor terminates into commutator segment 122 a .
- the commutator segments may be formed from a material designed to produce minimal friction and low resistance, for instance a conductive copper alloy. The combination of commutator segments and coils allow the coils to be connected in series through the commutator segments. In yet other embodiments, current may be transferred through the use of flexible conductors.
- FIG. 1 c is a conceptualized illustration of the electrical communication between a portion of the coils and commutator segments.
- three individual coils 120 a - 120 c are shown wound around a portion of the core 116 .
- Each end of the coils is coupled to a commutator segment.
- the first or upper end 124 a of the coil 120 a is coupled to the commutator segment 122 a .
- the second or lower end 124 b of the coil 120 a is coupled to the commutator segment 122 b .
- the first or upper end 124 c of the coil 120 b is coupled to the commutator segment 122 b and the lower end 124 d is coupled to the commutator segment 122 c .
- the first or upper end 124 e of the coil 120 c is coupled to the commutator segment 122 c and the lower end 124 f is coupled to the commutator segment 122 d .
- the commutator segments 122 a - 122 d electrically connect the coils 120 a - 120 c in series to each other.
- there are parallel coil coupling combined with switching circuitry (not shown) which selectively utilizes individual coils within the coil assembly 120 . Selective utilization allows the effective removal of coils that are not actively producing power resulting in more efficient operation.
- each commutator segment such as the commutator segment 122 b of FIG. 1 c , would actually be split into two commutator segments which would electrically couple together when the respective coils are assembled to form the coil assembly 120 .
- FIG. 1 d Such an embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 1 d.
- each termination end of the coils is coupled to a separate commutator segment.
- the first or upper end 124 a of the coil 120 a is coupled to the commutator segment 123 a .
- the second or lower end 124 b of the coil 120 a is coupled to the commutator segment 123 b .
- the first or upper end 124 c of the coil 120 b is coupled to the commutator segment 123 c and the lower end 124 d is coupled to the commutator segment 123 d , etc.
- the commutator segment 123 b is electrically coupled to commutator segment 123 c .
- commutator segment 123 d is electrically coupled to commutator segment 123 e .
- each commutator segment 122 a is electrically coupled to the commutator segment adjacent to it so that electric current flows between the commutator segments.
- the commutator assembly 122 is in electrical communication with a plurality of brushes 126 a - 126 b .
- the brushes 126 a and 126 b are electrically coupled to conductors (not shown) which allow electrical current to flow into or out of the coil assembly 120 .
- conductors not shown
- two brushes 126 a and 126 b are shown in FIG. 1 a , other embodiments, may have any number of brushes positioned anywhere along the commutator assembly 122 .
- the permanent magnets 112 a generate magnetic forces which can be visualized as magnetic flux lines.
- the flux lines will form particular patterns.
- the shape, direction, and orientation of the flux lines depend on factors such as the use of an interior retaining ring, or the use of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic end plate, or an end plate consisting of magnetic assemblies oriented to force the lines of flux out of one end of the magnetic cylinder.
- FIG. 2 a is a schematic section view of the magnetic cylinder 114 .
- the magnetic cylinder 114 comprises a plurality of individual stacked magnetic discs, such as 10 magnetic discs 110 of FIG. 1 b .
- Each magnetic disc 110 comprises a plurality of magnets radially arranged about an axis 104 as illustrated in FIG. 1 b and FIG. 2 a .
- the magnetic flux forces will tend to develop a stacking effect and will split into groups of similar orientation.
- the magnetic flux forces or lines generated by the magnet 102 a tends to exit its interior face (or its north pole), circle around the top end (or closest end) of the cylinder 114 and return to the south pole or exterior face of the magnet 102 a .
- the magnetic flux forces are illustrated by the elliptical lines 128 which are meant to conceptually illustrate the magnetic flux forces and are not meant to be an actual depiction of the flux forces.
- the magnetic flux forces generated by magnet 102 b tends to exit its interior face (or its north pole), circle around the top end of the cylinder 114 and return to the south pole or exterior face of the magnet 102 a .
- the magnetic flux forces tend to follow this pattern for each successive disc until the longitudinal halfway point of the magnetic cylinder 114 is reached.
- the magnetic flux forces for each successive magnet will change its direction and exit its interior face (or its north pole), circle around the bottom end (i.e., the closest end) of the cylinder 114 and return to the south pole or exterior face of the respective magnet.
- the flux produced by the magnets have an unobstructed path to exit through the center of the cylinder 114 and return to its opposing pole on the exterior of the cylinder.
- the individual magnetic discs 110 can be coupled together to produce a field flux strength that is appropriate for the power rating of the system.
- the field flux strength and power rating are based on conventional factors, such as Gauss strength, turns and size of coil conductors and speed at which core is moved.
- the poles of the magnets are usually aligned longitudinally.
- the field flux lines will “hug” or closely follow the surface of the magnets.
- the clearances must be extremely tight in order to be able to act on these lines of force.
- arranging the magnetic discs in this manner creates a first stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces 128 about a first or top portion of the magnetic cylinder 114 such that each magnetic flux force travels between a first pole of an inward face of magnet of the magnetic cylinder, around a first or top end of the magnetic cylinder 114 , and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet.
- This arrangement also creates a second stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces 130 about a second portion of the magnetic cylinder 114 such that each magnetic flux force travels between a first pole of an inward face of magnet of the magnetic cylinder, around a second or bottom end of the magnetic cylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet.
- FIGS. 2 b and 2 c there are schematic illustrations of the power system 100 incorporating the magnetic cylinder 114 of FIG. 2 a .
- the core 116 As previously discussed in relation to FIG. 1 a , there is the core 116 , the yolks 118 a - 118 b , and a coil assembly 120 .
- the core assembly 120 comprises three individual coils 120 a , 120 b , and 120 c .
- the commutator assembly 122 is positioned on one side of the coil assembly 120 .
- the brushes 126 a and 126 b communicate with the coil assembly 120 during a portion of the stroke.
- FIG. 2 a represents the power system 100 when the coil assembly 120 is in a first position or at the top of the stroke.
- FIG. 2 b represents the power system 100 when the coil assembly is at a second position or the bottom of the stroke.
- the coil assembly 120 is designed to slidingly move longitudinally along the core 116 between the top of the stroke ( FIG. 2 b ) and the bottom of the stroke ( FIG. 2 c ).
- the core assembly would be coupled to a shaft (not shown) of a power source, such as a wind mill or wave buoy.
- the coil assembly 120 is coupled to the core 116 and the core 116 drives the coil assembly 120 between the top of the stroke and the bottom of the stroke.
- the core 116 is coupled to a power source.
- the coil assembly 120 When connected to a power source, the coil assembly 120 moves from the top of the stroke to the bottom of the stroke and passes through the first stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces 128 in a center area 132 of the magnetic cylinder 114 to produce electric current in the individual coils. As the coil assembly continues to move towards the second position, the coil assembly passes through the first stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces 128 and enters the magnetic stacked flux forces 130 until it reaches the end of the stroke at the second position represented by FIG. 2 c.
- the core 116 acts as a carrier and creates a flux path through the center of the coil. Once the flux path is in the core 116 , the yolks 118 a and 118 b divert and carry the flux forces around the magnetic cylinder 114 and back into the core —completing the path. The magnetic forces are induced on the outside of the coil (where the opposing flux created from current flow is weakest).
- the current produced in the coil assembly 120 is then routed along the commutator assembly 122 to the brushes 126 a and 126 b which are coupled to conductors (not shown) which carry the current out of the system.
- modular concept of magnetic discs and modular coils enables additional choices in power output configuration during manufacturing by simply stacking components rather than having to design a generating machine for a specific horsepower or other power output.
- a method of producing an electric current comprising: creating magnetic flux forces generally transverse to a face of a magnet facing a center of a cylinder, moving a coil of wound conductive material partially through the center opening of the cylinder to produce the electric current and, routing resistive forces generated from the moving coil through an iron core, wherein the first coil is positioned concentrically about a first portion of the core, and further routing the resistive forces around the cylinder; further comprising adjusting the longitudinal position of the iron core with respect to the longitudinal axis of the magnetic cylinder to achieve a magnetic and gravitational equilibrium the magnetic cylinder and the iron core.
Abstract
Embodiments of an electrical power generation device and methods of generating power are disclosed. One such method comprises creating magnetic flux forces generally transverse to a face of a magnet facing a center of a cylinder, moving a coil of wound conductive material partially through the center opening of the cylinder to produce the electric current and, routing resistive forces generated from the moving coil through an iron core, wherein the first coil is positioned concentrically about a first portion of the core, and further routing the resistive forces around the cylinder.
Description
- This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/810,920, filed Mar. 6, 2020, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Power Generation,” which is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/080,581, filed Mar. 24, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,587,178, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Power Generation,” which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/185,109, filed Jul. 18, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,325,232, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Power Generation,” which claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional application No. 61/366,715, filed Jul. 22, 2010, entitled “Method of Electrical Power Generation.” The disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
- The invention relates in general to power generation methods, and in particular to an improved method for generating electrical power using linear power generators.
- Generators are based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. Faraday discovered that when an electrical conducting material (such as copper) is moved through a magnetic field (or vice versa), an electric current will begin to flow through that material. This electromagnetic effect induces voltage or electric current into the moving conductors.
- Current power generation devices such as rotary alternator/generators and linear alternators rely on Faraday's discovery to produce power. Typically, rotary generators are essentially very large quantities of wire spinning around the inside of very large magnets. In this situation, the coils of wire are called the armature because they are moving with respect to the stationary magnets (which are called the stators). Typically, the moving component is called the armature and the stationary component is called the stator.
- Linear generators, in contrast, usually have a magnetic core moving through coils of wire. As the magnetic core passes through the coils, electrical current is produced. In this situation, the magnetic core is the armature because it moves relative to the coils, which are now called the stators.
- Typically, some energy source is used to provide power to move the armature with respect to the stator. Typical sources of mechanical power are a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, or even a hand crank.
- As the energy sources for the country and the world grow more scarce, there is a need for more efficient methods and mechanisms for producing electric power. Furthermore, not all sources of mechanical power are readily available in all areas of the world, so there is also a need for methods and mechanisms that produce electrical power from readily-obtainable power sources such as wind and waves.
- In response to these and other problems, there is presented a method and apparatus of efficiently and conveniently producing an electric current. In one embodiment, the method comprises creating magnetic flux forces generally transverse to a face of a magnet facing a center of a cylinder, moving a coil of wound conductive material partially through the center opening of the cylinder to produce the electric current and, routing resistive forces generated from the moving coil through an iron core, wherein the first coil is positioned concentrically about a first portion of the core, and further routing the resistive forces around the cylinder.
- These and other features, and advantages, will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is important to note the drawings are not intended to represent the only aspect of the invention.
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FIG. 1a is a partial sectional isometric drawing of one embodiment of an electric power system. -
FIG. 1b is a top view of magnetic disc which could be used in the electric power system illustrated inFIG. 1 a. -
FIG. 1c is a conceptualized detail illustration of a coupling system between a portion of the coils and commutator segments which may be used in the electric power system ofFIG. 1 a. -
FIG. 1d is conceptualized detail illustration of another embodiment of a coupling system between a portion of the coils and commutator segments which may be used in the electric power system ofFIG. 1 a. -
FIG. 2a is a schematic section view of the magnetic cylinder which could be used in the power system ofFIG. 1 a. -
FIG. 2b is a schematic section illustration of the power system ofFIG. 1a where a coil assembly is at a first position. -
FIG. 2c is a schematic section illustration of the power system ofFIG. 1b where the coil assembly is at a second position. - Specific examples of components, signals, messages, protocols, and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention from that described in the claims. Well-known elements are presented without detailed description in order not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail. For the most part, details unnecessary to obtain a complete understanding of the present invention have been omitted inasmuch as such details are within the skills of persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art. Details regarding control circuitry or mechanisms used to control the rotation of the various elements described herein are omitted, as such control circuits are within the skills of persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
- When directions, such as upper, lower, top, bottom, clockwise, counter-clockwise, are discussed in this disclosure, such directions are meant to only supply reference directions for the illustrated figures and for orientated of components in the figures. The directions should not be read to imply actual directions used in any resulting invention or actual use. Under no circumstances, should such directions be read to limit or impart any meaning into the claims.
- Turning now to
FIG. 1a , there is presented a partial sectional isometric drawing of one embodiment of anelectric power system 100, such as an electric power generator or electric motor. In the illustrated embodiment, there is a plurality ofpermanent magnets 102 or permanent magnetic devices radially arranged about alongitudinal axis 104. The plurality of magnets are positioned within anexterior retaining ring 108. Theretaining ring 108 is structurally sufficient to overcome the magnetic repulsive forces of the magnetic devices and maintain the radial arrangement of themagnets 102. Theretaining ring 108 may be formed from a variety of materials. In the illustrative embodiment, theretaining ring 108 is formed from iron or a relatively soft iron alloy. In other embodiments, they may be formed from non-ferrous metal if structural strength is the primary consideration for the use of the retaining ring. The combination of the plurality of radially alignedmagnets 102, and theexterior retaining ring 108 forms a magnetic disc 110 (which is partially cut inFIG. 1a to show other details of the system 100). -
FIG. 1b illustrates a top view of one embodiment of themagnetic disc 110 which may be used by thesystem 100.FIG. 1b illustrates theouter retaining ring 108, and the plurality ofmagnets 102 arranged in a radial or circular pattern. In this illustration, aninner retaining ring 106 is also positioned about thelongitudinal axis 104. Theinner retaining ring 106 may be formed from iron and may be added to strengthen the magnetic flux strength of the system or for additional structural stability. - In the illustrated embodiment, each individual magnet of the plurality of
magnets 102, forinstance magnet 102 a is orientated such that a magnetic pole faces inward towards the longitudinal or center axis of themagnetic disc 110. Consequently, the opposing pole faces outward from the center of themagnetic disc 110. By way of example, themagnets 102 a each have their north poles facing inward and their south poles facing outward. In certain embodiments, themagnets 102 a may be made of out any suitable magnetic material, such as: neodymium, Alnico alloys, ceramic permanent magnets, or even electromagnets. - The
individual magnets 102 a are held in place by an appropriate securement method known in the art, such as casting the magnets in resin, epoxying the magnets to a substrate, or by securing the magnets with mechanical fasteners. In certain embodiments, fastening features 112, such as screw holes, threaded studs, or interlocking rings are formed on the exterior of theouter retaining ring 108 to allow themagnetic disc 110 to be fastened to other magnetic discs or a support structure (not shown). - Turning back to
FIG. 1a , there is shown a plurality of modularmagnetic discs 110 a-110 d which forms a magnetic cylinder 114 (a portion of which is cut away inFIG. 1a ). Although four magnetic discs 11Oa-11 Od are illustrated, depending on the required magnetic flux field strength of themagnetic cylinder 114, any number of magnetic discs could be used to assemble themagnetic cylinder 114. Thepower system 100 is modular in this respect and multiplemagnetic discs 110 may be added to meet specific requirements. - In other embodiments, the
magnetic cylinder 114 may comprise a single inner confinement ring, a single outer confinement ring, and predetermined number of rows of the plurality ofmagnets 102 positioned in a radial manner. - When incorporated into the
system 100, themagnetic cylinder 114 is concentrically centered about acore 116 having the samelongitudinal axis 104 as themagnetic cylinder 114. In certain embodiments, thecore 114 is elongated and rod-like in shape. Thecore 114 may be made from iron or a ferrite compound with similar magnetic properties. As will be explained in greater detail below, thecore 116 becomes a carrier for some of the counter emf flux generated during the power generation process. - In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of yolks 118 a-118 c (yolk 118 c is not visible in
FIG. 1a ) are coupled to thecore 116 at each end such that the yolks surround themagnetic cylinder 114. In certain embodiments, the yolks 118 a-118 c may be coupled to themagnetic cylinder 114 and provide structural support for the magnetic cylinder. As will be explained in greater detail below, the yolks 118 a-118 c and thecore 116 together create a carrier for counter emf forces to be routed away from the power generation area inside themagnetic cylinder 114. In certain embodiments, there may be just one yolk. In other embodiments, the casing itself may serve as a yolk and/or structural support. In other embodiments, there may be several yolks depending on the amount of emf forces to be carried. Furthermore, the yolks 118 a-118 c may serve the dual function for providing structural support for an enclosure (not shown). The yolks 118 a-118 c may be formed from iron, a ferrite compound or an alloy having similar magnetic properties. - Surrounding a portion of the
core 116 is a plurality of coils forming acoil assembly 120. Eachindividual coil 120 a in the coil assembly is made from a conductive material, such as copper (or a similar alloy) wire and is constructed using conventional winding techniques known in the art. In certain embodiments, theindividual coils 120 a are essentially cylindrical in shape being wound around a coil core (not shown) having a center opening sized to allow the coils to freely travel longitudinally along thecore 116. In certain embodiments, the coil core may be made from a Teflon, Teflon laminate, bakelight, or other suitable material to allow the coil to travel longitudinally along thestationary core 116. - Although a particular number of
coils 120 a are illustrated inFIG. 1a , depending on the power requirements, any number of coils could be used to assemble thecoil assembly 120. The system is modular in this respect and individual coils may be added to the system to meet specific power requirements. - In certain embodiments, the conductors or wires (not shown) in each of the
coils 120 a terminate into separate commutator segments, for instance one conductor terminates intocommutator segment 122 a. The commutator segments may be formed from a material designed to produce minimal friction and low resistance, for instance a conductive copper alloy. The combination of commutator segments and coils allow the coils to be connected in series through the commutator segments. In yet other embodiments, current may be transferred through the use of flexible conductors. -
FIG. 1c is a conceptualized illustration of the electrical communication between a portion of the coils and commutator segments. In this figure, threeindividual coils 120 a-120 c are shown wound around a portion of thecore 116. Each end of the coils is coupled to a commutator segment. For instance, the first orupper end 124 a of thecoil 120 a is coupled to thecommutator segment 122 a. The second orlower end 124 b of thecoil 120 a is coupled to thecommutator segment 122 b. Similarly, the first orupper end 124 c of thecoil 120 b is coupled to thecommutator segment 122 b and thelower end 124 d is coupled to thecommutator segment 122 c. Similarly, the first orupper end 124 e of thecoil 120 c is coupled to thecommutator segment 122 c and thelower end 124 f is coupled to thecommutator segment 122 d. Thus, it can be seen that thecommutator segments 122 a-122 d electrically connect thecoils 120 a-120 c in series to each other. In certain embodiments, there are parallel coil coupling combined with switching circuitry (not shown) which selectively utilizes individual coils within thecoil assembly 120. Selective utilization allows the effective removal of coils that are not actively producing power resulting in more efficient operation. - In embodiments where the coils are modular or “stackable,” each commutator segment, such as the
commutator segment 122 b ofFIG. 1c , would actually be split into two commutator segments which would electrically couple together when the respective coils are assembled to form thecoil assembly 120. Such an embodiment is illustrated inFIG. 1 d. - In
FIG. 1d , the threeindividual coils 120 a-120 c are shown wound around a portion of thecore 116. As opposed to the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1c , each termination end of the coils is coupled to a separate commutator segment. For instance, the first orupper end 124 a of thecoil 120 a is coupled to thecommutator segment 123 a. The second orlower end 124 b of thecoil 120 a is coupled to thecommutator segment 123 b. Similarly, the first orupper end 124 c of thecoil 120 b is coupled to thecommutator segment 123 c and thelower end 124 d is coupled to thecommutator segment 123 d, etc. - As illustrated, the
commutator segment 123 b is electrically coupled tocommutator segment 123 c. Similarly,commutator segment 123 d is electrically coupled tocommutator segment 123 e. Thus, when thecoils 120 a-120 c are assembled into a coil assembly, it can be seen that thecommutator segments 122 a-122 f electrically connect thecoils 120 a-120 c in series to each other. - Turning back to
FIG. 1a , it can be seen that when thecoil assembly 120 is assembled, the plurality of commutator segments, such ascommutator segment 122 a may be linearly aligned to from acommutator assembly 122. Consequently, eachcommutator segment 122 a is electrically coupled to the commutator segment adjacent to it so that electric current flows between the commutator segments. - The
commutator assembly 122 is in electrical communication with a plurality of brushes 126 a-126 b. Thebrushes coil assembly 120. Although twobrushes FIG. 1a , other embodiments, may have any number of brushes positioned anywhere along thecommutator assembly 122. - The permanent magnets 112 a generate magnetic forces which can be visualized as magnetic flux lines. When the permanent magnets 112 a are arranged into a circular pattern as illustrated in
FIG. 1b , the flux lines will form particular patterns. The shape, direction, and orientation of the flux lines depend on factors such as the use of an interior retaining ring, or the use of ferrous or non-ferrous metallic end plate, or an end plate consisting of magnetic assemblies oriented to force the lines of flux out of one end of the magnetic cylinder. -
FIG. 2a is a schematic section view of themagnetic cylinder 114. As explained above, themagnetic cylinder 114 comprises a plurality of individual stacked magnetic discs, such as 10magnetic discs 110 ofFIG. 1b . Eachmagnetic disc 110 comprises a plurality of magnets radially arranged about anaxis 104 as illustrated inFIG. 1b andFIG. 2a . In this configuration, the magnetic flux forces will tend to develop a stacking effect and will split into groups of similar orientation. For instance, the magnetic flux forces or lines generated by themagnet 102 a tends to exit its interior face (or its north pole), circle around the top end (or closest end) of thecylinder 114 and return to the south pole or exterior face of themagnet 102 a. InFIG. 2a , the magnetic flux forces are illustrated by theelliptical lines 128 which are meant to conceptually illustrate the magnetic flux forces and are not meant to be an actual depiction of the flux forces. - Similarly, the magnetic flux forces generated by
magnet 102 b tends to exit its interior face (or its north pole), circle around the top end of thecylinder 114 and return to the south pole or exterior face of themagnet 102 a. The magnetic flux forces tend to follow this pattern for each successive disc until the longitudinal halfway point of themagnetic cylinder 114 is reached. - At that point around the longitudinal middle of the cylinder, the magnetic flux forces for each successive magnet will change its direction and exit its interior face (or its north pole), circle around the bottom end (i.e., the closest end) of the
cylinder 114 and return to the south pole or exterior face of the respective magnet. Thus, the flux produced by the magnets have an unobstructed path to exit through the center of thecylinder 114 and return to its opposing pole on the exterior of the cylinder. - The individual
magnetic discs 110 can be coupled together to produce a field flux strength that is appropriate for the power rating of the system. The field flux strength and power rating are based on conventional factors, such as Gauss strength, turns and size of coil conductors and speed at which core is moved. - In conventional power generators, the poles of the magnets are usually aligned longitudinally. In a conventional configuration, the field flux lines will “hug” or closely follow the surface of the magnets. Thus, when using conventional power generating equipment, the clearances must be extremely tight in order to be able to act on these lines of force. By aligning the poles radially towards the center of the cylinder, the magnetic flux lines tend to stack up as they pass through the center of the magnetic cylinder 4 and radiate perpendicularly from the surface of the magnets. This allows for greater tolerances between the coils (not shown) and the
magnetic cylinder 114. - Thus, arranging the magnetic discs in this manner creates a first stacked plurality of
magnetic flux forces 128 about a first or top portion of themagnetic cylinder 114 such that each magnetic flux force travels between a first pole of an inward face of magnet of the magnetic cylinder, around a first or top end of themagnetic cylinder 114, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet. This arrangement also creates a second stacked plurality ofmagnetic flux forces 130 about a second portion of themagnetic cylinder 114 such that each magnetic flux force travels between a first pole of an inward face of magnet of the magnetic cylinder, around a second or bottom end of the magnetic cylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet. - Turning now to
FIGS. 2b and 2c , there are schematic illustrations of thepower system 100 incorporating themagnetic cylinder 114 ofFIG. 2a . As previously discussed in relation toFIG. 1a , there is thecore 116, the yolks 118 a-118 b, and acoil assembly 120. In this example, thecore assembly 120 comprises threeindividual coils commutator assembly 122 is positioned on one side of thecoil assembly 120. In this embodiment, thebrushes coil assembly 120 during a portion of the stroke. -
FIG. 2a represents thepower system 100 when thecoil assembly 120 is in a first position or at the top of the stroke.FIG. 2b represents thepower system 100 when the coil assembly is at a second position or the bottom of the stroke. - In certain embodiments, the
coil assembly 120 is designed to slidingly move longitudinally along thecore 116 between the top of the stroke (FIG. 2b ) and the bottom of the stroke (FIG. 2c ). In such an embodiment, the core assembly would be coupled to a shaft (not shown) of a power source, such as a wind mill or wave buoy. In other embodiments, thecoil assembly 120 is coupled to thecore 116 and thecore 116 drives thecoil assembly 120 between the top of the stroke and the bottom of the stroke. In such an embodiment, thecore 116 is coupled to a power source. - When connected to a power source, the
coil assembly 120 moves from the top of the stroke to the bottom of the stroke and passes through the first stacked plurality ofmagnetic flux forces 128 in acenter area 132 of themagnetic cylinder 114 to produce electric current in the individual coils. As the coil assembly continues to move towards the second position, the coil assembly passes through the first stacked plurality ofmagnetic flux forces 128 and enters the magneticstacked flux forces 130 until it reaches the end of the stroke at the second position represented byFIG. 2 c. - As the coil assembly moves from the top of the stroke to the bottom of the stroke, electrical current is generated in the individual coils making up the
coil assembly 120. With conventional linear and rotary generating machines the pole face of the magnet must pass directly through the area of maximum magnetic flux. This generates resistive forces commonly known as counter-EMF that directly impinges on this power producing area thus additional energy must be expended overcoming this force. However, in thepower system 100, the core 116 acts as a carrier and creates a flux path through the center of the coil. Once the flux path is in thecore 116, theyolks magnetic cylinder 114 and back into the core —completing the path. The magnetic forces are induced on the outside of the coil (where the opposing flux created from current flow is weakest). - The current produced in the
coil assembly 120 is then routed along thecommutator assembly 122 to thebrushes - In conventional linear generators, designers face a standard design dilemma in that a choice must be made between a magnet stack greater than the stroke length to insure all coils are producing power (which is the most expensive) or a coil stack longer than the magnet length to insure all lines of flux are utilized while the coil is traversing the magnetic stack length. This results in inefficiency because some coils are not utilized at times during the stroke which adds to the overall resistance. In certain embodiments of the present invention, only those coils actively involved with producing power are in the circuit maximizing magnet and coil efficiency.
- Additionally, the modular concept of magnetic discs and modular coils enables additional choices in power output configuration during manufacturing by simply stacking components rather than having to design a generating machine for a specific horsepower or other power output.
- Various embodiments are disclosed in this application, including: a method of producing an electric current, the method comprising: creating magnetic flux forces generally transverse to a face of a magnet facing a center of a cylinder, moving a coil of wound conductive material partially through the center opening of the cylinder to produce the electric current and, routing resistive forces generated from the moving coil through an iron core, wherein the first coil is positioned concentrically about a first portion of the core, and further routing the resistive forces around the cylinder; further comprising adjusting the longitudinal position of the iron core with respect to the longitudinal axis of the magnetic cylinder to achieve a magnetic and gravitational equilibrium the magnetic cylinder and the iron core.
- The abstract of the disclosure is provided for the sole reason of complying with the rules requiring an abstract, which will allow a searcher to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure of any patent issued from this disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.
- Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. When the word “means” is recited in a claim element, Applicant intends for the claim element to fall under 35
USC 112, paragraph 6. Often a label of one or more words precedes the word “means”. The word or words preceding the word “means” is a label intended to ease referencing of claims elements and is not intended to convey a structural limitation. Such means-plus-function claims are intended to cover not only the structures described herein for performing the function and their structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. For example, although a nail and a screw have different structures, they are equivalent structures since they both perform the function of fastening. Claims that do not use the word means are not intended to fall under 35USC 112, paragraph 6. - The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many combinations, modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. Undescribed embodiments which have interchanged components are still within the scope of the present invention. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (2)
1. An electrical generator comprising:
a magnetic cylinder comprising:
a plurality of modular magnetic discs, wherein each modular magnetic disc of the plurality of magnetic discs comprising:
a retaining ring,
a plurality of individual magnets radially positioned within the ring and arranged such that a magnetic pole of each magnet faces a center axis of the ring,
at least one connection coupling the modular magnetic discs together to form a magnetic cylinder,
a core centered about a longitudinal axis, wherein the magnetic cylinder is axially centered about the core,
a plurality of yolks coupled to the core,
a plurality of modular coils positioned about the core,
a plurality of commutator segments, wherein each commutator segment electrically couples at least one of the modular coil to an adjacent modular coil,
at least one brush electrically coupled to the one of the commutator segments.
2. An electrical generator comprising:
a magnetic cylinder comprising:
at least one magnetic disc, the magnetic disc comprising:
a retaining ring,
a plurality of individual magnets positioned within the ring and arranged such that a magnetic pole of each magnet faces a center axis of the ring.
a core centered about a longitudinal axis, wherein the magnetic cylinder is axially centered about the core,
a plurality of yolks coupled to the core,
at least one coil positioned about the core.
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- 2022-01-03 US US17/567,299 patent/US20220190700A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20170025939A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
US20200274433A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
US9325232B1 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
US10587178B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 |
US11218067B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
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