US20220079210A1 - Low viscosity liquid nicotine formulation - Google Patents

Low viscosity liquid nicotine formulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220079210A1
US20220079210A1 US17/419,513 US201917419513A US2022079210A1 US 20220079210 A1 US20220079210 A1 US 20220079210A1 US 201917419513 A US201917419513 A US 201917419513A US 2022079210 A1 US2022079210 A1 US 2022079210A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
weight
percent
nicotine formulation
liquid nicotine
water
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US17/419,513
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Emmett
Jean-Pierre Schaller
Aline Vuarnoz-Bize
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philip Morris Products SA
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Philip Morris Products SA
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Assigned to PHILIP MORRIS PRODUCTS S.A. reassignment PHILIP MORRIS PRODUCTS S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EMMETT, ROBERT, SCHALLER, JEAN-PIERRE, VUARNOZ-BIZE, Aline
Publication of US20220079210A1 publication Critical patent/US20220079210A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/167—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes in liquid or vaporisable form, e.g. liquid compositions for electronic cigarettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
    • A24B15/241—Extraction of specific substances
    • A24B15/243—Nicotine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
    • A24B15/32—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances by acyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/05—Devices without heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/10—Devices using liquid inhalable precursors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/42—Cartridges or containers for inhalable precursors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/46—Shape or structure of electric heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/465—Nicotine; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
    • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
    • A61K9/0078—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a nebulizer such as a jet nebulizer, ultrasonic nebulizer, e.g. in the form of aqueous drug solutions or dispersions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system.
  • the invention relates to a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system comprising a non-thermal atomiser.
  • the invention also relates to a cartridge for an aerosol-generating system comprising the liquid nicotine formulation and an aerosol-generating system comprising the liquid nicotine formulation and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • Aerosol-generating systems for delivering nicotine to a user that comprise an atomiser configured to generate an inhalable aerosol from a liquid nicotine formulation are known.
  • Some known aerosol-generating systems comprise a thermal atomiser such as an electric heater that is configured to heat and vaporise the liquid nicotine formulation to generate an aerosol.
  • Other known aerosol-generating systems comprise a non-thermal atomiser that is configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation using, for example, impinging jet, ultrasonic or vibrating mesh technologies.
  • pulmonary delivery of the inhalable aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine formulation is important for user palatability and satisfaction. Nicotine adsorption through the pulmonary alveoli is rapid and efficient. By contrast, nicotine adsorption in the upper airways is slower and less efficient. Nicotine adsorption in the upper airways may also undesirably be perceived by a user as having a sensorial harshness and induce mouth and throat irritation.
  • the lung deposition characteristics and hence efficacy of the inhalable aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine formulation depend on the particle or droplet size of the aerosol.
  • a small particle or droplet size is desired to maximise pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention.
  • a particle or droplet size of less than or equal to about 5 micrometres in diameter may be desirable to maximise pulmonary delivery.
  • liquid nicotine formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system that facilitates generation of an aerosol having a small droplet size.
  • a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system that facilitates generation of an aerosol having a particle or droplet size of less than or equal to about 5 micrometres in diameter.
  • liquid nicotine formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine formulation having a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 20 millipascal seconds (mPa ⁇ s).
  • a cartridge for use in an aerosol-generating system the cartridge containing a liquid nicotine formulation having a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 20 millipascal seconds (mPa ⁇ s).
  • an aerosol-generating system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation having a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 20 millipascal seconds (mPa ⁇ s); and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • liquid nicotine formulation describes a liquid formulation comprising nicotine.
  • the term “nicotine” describes nicotine, nicotine base or a nicotine salt.
  • the amounts of nicotine recited herein are the amount of free base nicotine or amount of protonated nicotine, respectively.
  • the low viscosity of the liquid nicotine formulation according to the invention facilitates generation of an inhalable aerosol having a small particle or droplet size. This may advantageously enhance pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention.
  • liquid nicotine formulation according to the invention in an aerosol-generating system comprising a non-thermal atomiser is particularly advantageous.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may comprise natural nicotine or synthetic nicotine.
  • viscosity values recited herein are the viscosity of an 8 millilitre (mL) sample volume of liquid nicotine formulation measured using a Brookfield RVDV-II +Pro viscometer fitted with a Brookfield Small Sample Adapter comprising a cylindrical SC4-13R Sample Chamber and a cylindrical SC4-21 Spindle at a speed of 100 revolutions per minute (rpm).
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 18 mPa ⁇ s or less than or equal to about 16 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 14 mPa ⁇ s. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 12 mPa ⁇ s. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 10 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20° C. of greater than or equal to about 0.75 mPa ⁇ s. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20° C. of greater than or equal to about 1 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of greater than or equal to about 1.25 mPa ⁇ s, greater than or equal to about 1.5 mPa ⁇ s or greater than or equal to about 1.75 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 0.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 18 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 1 mPa ⁇ s and about 18 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.25 mPa ⁇ s and about 18 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.5 mPa ⁇ s and about 18 mPa ⁇ s or between about 1.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 18 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 0.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 16 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 1 mPa ⁇ s and about 16 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.25 mPa ⁇ s and about 16 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.5 mPa ⁇ s and about 16 mPa ⁇ s or between about 1.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 16 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 0.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 14 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 1 mPa ⁇ s and about 14 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.25 mPa ⁇ s and about 14 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.5 mPa ⁇ s and about 14 mPa ⁇ s or between about 1.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 14 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 0.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 12 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 1 mPa ⁇ s and about 12 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.25 mPa ⁇ s and about 12 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.5 mPa ⁇ s and about 12 mPa ⁇ s or between about 1.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 12 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 0.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 10 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20° C. of between about 1 mPa ⁇ s and about 10 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.25 mPa ⁇ s and about 10 mPa ⁇ s, between about 1.5 mPa ⁇ s and about 10 mPa ⁇ s or between about 1.75 mPa ⁇ s and about 10 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of greater than or equal to about 0.5 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content of greater than or equal to about 1 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content of greater than or equal to about 1.5 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of less than or equal to about 10 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of less than or equal to about 8 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content of less than or equal to about 5 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content of less than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 10 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 8 percent by weight, between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 5 percent by weight or between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 3 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 10 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 8 percent by weight, between about 1 percent by weight and about 5 percent by weight or between about 1 percent by weight and about 3 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content of between about 1.5 percent by weight and about 10 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of between about 1.5 percent by weight and about 8 percent by weight, between about 1.5 percent by weight and about 5 percent by weight or between about 1.5 percent by weight and about 3 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of greater than or equal to about 10 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 15 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 20 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water content of greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water content of greater than or equal to about 30 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of greater than or equal to about 35 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
  • Inclusion of at least about 25 percent by weight water advantageously facilitates attainment of a liquid nicotine formulation having a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 20 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water content of less than or equal to about 90 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water content of less than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 85 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 85 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 85 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 85 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water content of between about 30 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 30 percent by weight and about 85 percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight or between about 30 percent by weight and about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 35 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 35 percent by weight and about 85 percent by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight or between about 35 percent by weight and about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 40 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of between about 40 percent by weight and about 85 percent by weight, between about 40 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 40 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 40 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight or between about 40 percent by weight and about 65 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or more water-miscible solvents.
  • water-miscible solvent describes a compound other than water or an organic acid that is liquid at 20° C. and mixes with water in all proportions to form a homogenous solution.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-miscible solvents.
  • water and one or more water-miscible solvents may advantageously help to dissolve and stabilise polar components and ionic components of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 5 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 10 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 15 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 20 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 15 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-miscible solvents
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water and water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 50 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 55 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 60 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 65 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-miscible solvents
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 75 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to 80 percent by weight. Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 0.8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 1.5 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation is greater than or equal to about 0.8, more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.5.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be at least about 2 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation, at least about 3 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation, at least about 4 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation or at least about 5 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about 2, greater than or equal to about 3, greater than or equal to about 4 or greater than or equal to about 5.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent of the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably, the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9, more preferably less than or equal to about 8.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 7.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is between about 0.8 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 0.8 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 0.8 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is between about 1.5 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 1.5 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 1.5 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 2 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 3 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 4 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 5 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the one or more water-miscible solvents may be one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
  • water-miscible polyhydric alcohol describes a polyhydric alcohol that is liquid at 20° C. and mixes with water in all proportions to form a homogenous solution.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 5 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 10 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 15 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 20 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of less than or equal to about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of less than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 15 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water and water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 50 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 55 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 60 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 65 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 75 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to 80 percent by weight. Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 0.8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 1.5 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation is greater than or equal to about 0.8, more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.5.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be at least about 2 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation, at least about 3 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation, at least about 4 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or at least about 5 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about 2, greater than or equal to about 3, greater than or equal to about 4 or greater than or equal to about 5.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol of the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably, the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9, more preferably less than or equal to about 8.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 7.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is between about 0.8 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 0.8 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 0.8 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is between about 1.5 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 1.5 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 1.5 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 2 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 3 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 4 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5 times and about 9 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 5 times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butanediol, glycerine, propylene glycol, and triethylene glycol.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butanediol, glycerine, propylene glycol, and triethylene glycol.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises glycerine.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises vegetable glycerine.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and glycerine.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and vegetable glycerine.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises glycerine and propylene glycol.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises vegetable glycerine and propylene glycol.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water, glycerine and propylene glycol.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water, vegetable glycerine and propylene glycol.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 5 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 10 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 15 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 20 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of less than or equal to about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of less than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 15 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content of greater than or equal to about 5 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content of greater than or equal to about 6 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of greater than or equal to about 7 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 8 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content of less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content of less than or equal to about 60 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of between about 7 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 7 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 7 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 7 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of between about 8 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 8 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and water and one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water, glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 50 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 55 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 60 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 65 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water, glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 75 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water, glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to 80 percent by weight. Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water, glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 0.8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 1.5 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation is greater than or equal to about 0.8, more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.5.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be at least about 2 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation, at least about 3 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation, at least about 4 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or at least about 5 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about 2, greater than or equal to about 3, greater than or equal to about 4 or greater than or equal to about 5.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably, the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9, more preferably less than or equal to about 8.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 7 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the ratio of the weight percent water content to the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 7.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is between about 0.8 times and about 9 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 0.8 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 0.8 times and about 7 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is between about 1.5 times and about 9 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 1.5 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 1.5 times and about 7 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2 times and about 9 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 2 times and about 7 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3 times and about 9 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 3 times and about 7 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4 times and about 9 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 4 times and about 7 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5 times and about 9 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 5 times and about 7 times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or more water-immiscible solvents.
  • water-immiscible solvent describes a compound that is liquid at 20° C. and has a water solubility at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 100 mg/ml.
  • water solubility values recited herein are the water solubility measured based on the preliminary test of OECD (1995), Test No. 105 : Water Solubility , OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069589-en.
  • OECD Water Solubility
  • OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 1, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069589-en.
  • increasing volumes of distilled water are added at 20° C. to 0.1 g of the sample (solid substances must be pulverized) in a 10 ml glass-stoppered measuring cylinder.
  • the substance is an acid
  • the sample is added to the distilled water in the first step.
  • the solubility When the solubility is low, a long time may be required to dissolve a substance and at least 24 hours should be allowed. If, after 24 hours, the substance is still not dissolved, the measuring cylinder is placed for at 40° C. in an ultrasound bath for 15 minutes and another 24 hours allowed (up to a maximum of 96 hours). If the substance is still not dissolved, the solubility is considered to be below the limit value or not soluble.
  • the one or more water-immiscible solvents may advantageously help to dissolve and stabilise non-polar components of the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the one or more water-immiscible solvents may reduce the hygroscopicity of an aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine formulation when used in an aerosol-generating system. This may advantageously reduce or prevent increases in the particle or droplet size of the aerosol when inhaled by a user as a result of adsorption of water in the respiratory tract.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water and one or more water-immiscible solvents.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water, one or more water-miscible solvents and one or more water-immiscible solvents.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water, one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols and one or more water-immiscible solvents.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation When used in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine formulation generates an aerosol comprising dual-phase particles or droplets comprising a water-miscible phase and a water-immiscible phase.
  • This may advantageously reduce nicotine adsorption in the upper airways and enhance pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention.
  • the improvement in pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention is believed to be due to coating or enveloping of the water-miscible phase by the water immiscible phase. This is believed to reduce nicotine evaporation and adsorption in the upper airways.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 1 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 2 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 4 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 6 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 8 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 35 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 30 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 25 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 20 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 15 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 35 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 1 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 1 percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 1 percent by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 35 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 2 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 2 percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 2 percent by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 4 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight or between about 4 percent by weight and about 35 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 4 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 4 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 4 percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 4 percent by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and about 35 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 8 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight or between about 8 percent by weight and about 35 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 8 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 8 percent by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
  • the one or more water-immiscible solvents comprise one or more partially water-soluble solvents.
  • partially water-soluble solvent describes a compound that is liquid at 20° C. and has a water solubility at 20° C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml.
  • the one or more partially water-soluble solvents may have a maximum carbon chain length of less than or equal to 12.
  • the one or more partially water-soluble solvents may have a maximum carbon chain length of less than or equal to 10.
  • Suitable partially water-soluble solvents include, but are not limited to polysorbate 80, triacetin and triethyl citrate.
  • the one or more water-immiscible solvents comprise one or more water-insoluble solvents.
  • water-insoluble solvent describes a compound that is liquid at 20° C. and has a water solubility at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 5 mg/ml.
  • the one or more water-insoluble solvents may have a maximum carbon chain length of less than or equal to 30.
  • the one or more water-insoluble solvents may have a maximum carbon chain length of less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 18, less than or equal to 16, less than or equal to 14 or less than or equal to 12.
  • Suitable water-insoluble solvents include, but are not limited to oleic acid and MIGLYOL® (mixture of decanoyl- and octanoyl glycerides).
  • the one or more water-immiscible solvents comprise one or more partially water-soluble solvents and one or more water-insoluble solvents.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or more water-soluble organic acids.
  • water-soluble organic acid describes an organic acid having a water solubility at 20° C. of greater than or equal to about 500 mg/ml.
  • the one or more water-soluble organic acids may advantageously bind nicotine in the liquid nicotine formulation through formation of one or nicotine salts.
  • the one or more nicotine salts may advantageously be dissolved and stabilised in the water and one or more water-miscible solvents.
  • this may advantageously reduce nicotine adsorption in the upper airways and enhance pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention as discussed above.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or more water-soluble carboxylic acids.
  • Suitable water-soluble carboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid, malic acid, malonic acid and pyruvic acid.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation comprises lactic acid.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of greater than or equal to about 2 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of greater than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of less than or equal to about 8 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of less than or equal to about 6 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 8 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-soluble organic acid content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 6 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of between about 3 percent by weight and about 8 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-soluble organic acid content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 6 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may be a substantially uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the term “substantially uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation” describes a liquid nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of less than 0.5 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may have a caffeine content of less than about 0.4 percent by weight, less than about 0.3 percent by weight or less than about 0.2 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may be a substantially caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation.
  • substantially caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation describes a liquid nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of less than about 0.1 percent by weight.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may be a caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation.
  • caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation describes a liquid nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of 0 percent by weight.
  • caffeine describes caffeine or a caffeine salt.
  • caffeine salt the amounts of caffeine recited herein are the amount of caffeine cation.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation may comprise one or more flavourants.
  • Suitable flavourants include, but are not limited to, menthol.
  • the liquid nicotine formulation has a flavourant content of less than or equal to about 4 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a flavourant content of less than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
  • a cartridge for use in an aerosol-generating system the cartridge containing a liquid nicotine formulation according to the invention.
  • the cartridge may comprise an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • a cartridge containing the liquid nicotine formulation and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation may be referred to as a “cartomiser”.
  • the atomiser may be a thermal atomiser.
  • thermal atomiser describes an atomiser that is configured to heat the liquid nicotine formulation to generate an aerosol.
  • the cartridge comprises a thermal atomiser
  • heating of the liquid nicotine formulation by the atomiser increases the temperature of the liquid nicotine formulation. This may reduce the viscosity of the liquid nicotine formulation and facilitate generation of an inhalable aerosol having a small particle or droplet size. This may advantageously enhance pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention.
  • the cartridge may comprise any suitable type of thermal atomiser.
  • the thermal atomiser may comprise a heater and a liquid transport element configured to transport liquid nicotine formulation to the heater.
  • the liquid transport element may comprise a capillary wick.
  • the heater may comprise a heater coil.
  • the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater.
  • the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater comprising a resistive heating element or an inductive heating element.
  • the atomiser is a non-thermal atomiser.
  • non-thermal atomiser describes an atomiser that is configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation by means other than heating.
  • the temperature of the liquid nicotine formulation is not significantly increased. Consequently, it is particularly advantageous in such embodiments for the liquid nicotine formulation to have a viscosity at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 20 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the cartridge may comprise any suitable type of non-thermal atomiser.
  • the non-thermal atomiser may be an impinging jet atomiser, an ultrasonic atomiser or a vibrating mesh atomiser.
  • an aerosol-generating system comprising a liquid nicotine formulation according to the invention and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
  • the atomiser may be a thermal atomiser.
  • the aerosol-generating system may comprise any suitable type of thermal atomiser.
  • the thermal atomiser may comprise a heater and a liquid transport element configured to transport liquid nicotine formulation to the heater.
  • the liquid transport element may comprise a capillary wick.
  • the heater may comprise a heater coil.
  • the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater.
  • the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater comprising a resistive heating element or an inductive heating element.
  • the atomiser is a non-thermal atomiser.
  • the aerosol-generating system may comprise any suitable type of non-thermal atomiser.
  • the non-thermal atomiser may be an impinging jet atomiser, an ultrasonic atomiser or a vibrating mesh atomiser.
  • the aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine formulation; and an aerosol-generating device comprising a housing defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the cartridge.
  • the aerosol-generating system may comprise: a consumable cartridge according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine formulation; and a reusable aerosol-generating device comprising a housing defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the cartridge.
  • the aerosol-generating device may comprise a battery and control electronics.
  • the aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine formulation and the atomiser; and an aerosol-generating device comprising a housing defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the cartridge.
  • the aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine formulation; and an aerosol-generating device comprising a housing defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the cartridge and the atomiser.
  • features described above in relation to one aspect of the invention may also be applicable to other aspects of the invention.
  • features described above in relation to the liquid nicotine formulation of the invention may also relate, where appropriate, to the cartridge of the invention and the aerosol-generating system of the invention.
  • features described above in relation to the cartridge of the invention may also relate, where appropriate, to the aerosol-generating system of the invention, and vice versa.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show the aerodynamic size distribution of aerosols generated from a liquid nicotine composition according to the invention using four aerosol-generating systems comprising non-thermal atomisers.
  • Example 1 Four liquid nicotine formulations according to the invention (Examples A, B, C and D) were prepared having the viscosities and compositions shown in Table 2. For comparison, a liquid formulation not according to the invention (Example E) was also prepared having the viscosity and composition shown in Table 2.
  • Aerosols were generated from the liquid nicotine composition according to the invention of Example A using the four aerosol-generating systems comprising non-thermal atomisers shown in Table 3.
  • the aerodynamic size distributions of the aerosols were measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer® (APSTM) Model 3321 spectrometer from TSI Incorporated. The results are shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B .
  • Example Non-thermal aerosol-generating system Example A1 Impinging jet nebulizer (nozzle opening: 10 micrometres; driving force: 51N)
  • Example A2 OMRON Healthcare MicroAIR U100 passive mesh nebulizer (driven by 50 Vpp at 177 kHz with 2 Hz modulation; mesh hole diameter: about 4 micrometres; mesh hole to hole distance about 60 micrometres)
  • Example A3 Air Wick ® Essential Mist Diffuser active mesh nebulizer 120-180 kHz; mesh hole diameter: 4-8 micrometres
  • Example A4 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) device double engine operation with each side driven by 600 mVpp at 42.122 MHz with 500 Hz modulation)
  • FIG. 1A shows the differential mass concentration (dM) against aerodynamic diameter (APS diameter) of the aerosols and FIG. 1B shows the particle differential number concentration (dN) against aerodynamic diameter (APS diameter) of the aerosols.

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EP18215966.5 2018-12-31
EP18215983.0 2018-12-31
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EP18215969.9 2018-12-31
EP18215964 2018-12-31
EP18215964.0 2018-12-31
EP18215976 2018-12-31
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US17/419,374 Active 2041-05-01 US11992038B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2019-12-31 Liquid nicotine formulation comprising partially water-soluble solvent
US17/418,928 Pending US20220053817A1 (en) 2018-12-31 2019-12-31 Liquid nicotine formulation comprising water-immiscible solvents
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US17/418,928 Pending US20220053817A1 (en) 2018-12-31 2019-12-31 Liquid nicotine formulation comprising water-immiscible solvents
US17/419,528 Pending US20220079211A1 (en) 2018-12-31 2019-12-31 Liquid nicotine formulation

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