US20220074209A1

US20220074209A1 - Façade construction and/or wall construction

Info

Publication number: US20220074209A1
Application number: US17/422,032
Authority: US
Inventors: Claus Girnghuber; Rudolf Wagner; Dietmar Müller
Original assignee: Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH
Current assignee: Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH
Priority date: 2019-01-10
Filing date: 2020-01-10
Publication date: 2022-03-10
Also published as: EP3908715A1; WO2020144334A1; WO2020144336A1; US20220098873A1; EP3908716A1

Abstract

A façade structure and/or wall structure for a building which includes tiles (1) and a support structure (2), in which the tiles (1) are received oriented in each case in the vertical plane. The support structure (2) has taut tension elements (3). The tiles (1) received in the support structure (2) are mounted in a weight-supporting manner and/or held locked by means of one or more of the allocated tension elements (3), directly and/or via bearing bodies (4) attached to the tension elements (3). The several or at least one of the tiles (1) are or is allocated in each case at least one holding element (5). For anchoring to the tile (1), the holding element (5) has at least one anchoring portion that can be anchored in a receiver (1hn) of the tile, and/or cooperates with an anchor (6) received in a receiver (1hn) of the tile (1), and wherein the holding element (5) has at least one tension element gripping portion for gripping on at least one of the tension elements (3) allocated to the tiles (1).

Description

The invention is based on a façade structure and/or wall structure for a building with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Such façade structures and/or wall structures comprise a support structure with tiles received therein. The support structure has taut support cables. The tiles are held oriented in the vertical plane in the support structure with the aid of the taut support cables.
Such a façade structure is known from FR 669.554. The support structure of FR 669.554 is formed by vertical and horizontal steel cables, which have connectors at crossing points. At their vertical and horizontal outer edges the tiles have longitudinal grooves forming an overall circumferential outer groove in which the vertical and horizontal support cables engage. In addition, the façade tiles are supported in each case on two opposite corners on the connecting bodies arranged at the crossing points of the steel cables.
CN 2010 80660 describes a glass façade structure, wherein glass tiles are fastened to holders supported in a carrier structure. The carrier structure is formed of crossing vertical and horizontal steel cables. Holders of the glass tiles are fastened to the steel cables. To fasten the holders to the glass tiles, the holders pass through the glass tiles at the fastening points.
CN 1048 18790 describes a façade decoration system with a carrier structure, in which parallel steel cables crossing each other are braced in a frame. Hooks, on which tiles are held, are fastened to the steel cables.
DE 1 271 363 describes a façade tile system with a carrier structure with taut wire cables. The wire cables are exclusively vertically oriented, taut wire cables. These vertically oriented wire cables are fastened directly to the building wall at separate support brackets and hold the façade tiles, since the vertical wire cables run in longitudinal grooves formed on the vertical sides of the façade tiles or in vertical cavities. In this way, the vertical support cables each hold several façade tiles arranged one above the other, wherein in each case the lower corner and the upper corner of the vertically taut wire cable is fastened to an angled bracket.
Tile systems with flexible support structure are described in EP 2 154 302 B1 and EP 2 707 560 B1 as well as in EP 2 497 861 A1. In EP 2 154 302 B1 and EP 2 707 560 B1, the support structure is a flexible network of crossing, corrugated steel wires. The corrugated steel wires mesh with each other at the crossing points with their corrugations. The tiles each have longitudinal grooves on two opposite edges, in which the steel wires of the support structure engage. To fix the tiles, a mortar joint is provided for the wires running in the joint gaps. In EP 2 497 861 A1, the flexible support structure is formed in the manner of a chain framework, which is formed of horizontally taut parallel support cables, wherein in each case adjacent parallel support cables are connected to each other via connection elements. The parallel support cables pass through core holes of the tiles arranged in the support structure in such a way that the tiles are held on the horizontal support cables in the manner of chain links, with the result that the tile system represents a type of foldable curtain.
The object of the invention is to create a façade structure and/or wall structure of the type mentioned at the beginning which guarantees that the tiles are held securely in the support structure and is easy to install and inexpensive to produce.
This object is achieved with the subject-matter of claim 1.
The subject-matter of claim 1 is a façade structure and/or wall structure for a building. The structure comprises a support structure, in which tiles are received oriented in each case in the vertical plane.
The tiles are preferably large-format tiles, preferably made of ceramic material. The tiles are particularly advantageously produced in an extrusion process.
It is important that the support structure has taut supporting tension elements. These supporting taut tension elements can be formed as taut support cables, in particular as taut steel cables or as taut tension rods or as taut chains or as similar taut elongate tension elements. The support structure is preferably a structure that is supported stationary, preferably made of profiled carriers, which are mounted stationary for example on the outside or inside of a building wall. The tension elements are mounted at bearing points on the support profiles.
However, the support structure can also be formed directly by a building wall. In this case, the tension elements are mounted in each case directly on the building wall at corresponding bearing points.
With regard to the arrangement of the taut tension elements of the support structure:
In one type of embodiment the support structure has, as taut tension elements, only vertically oriented tension elements, e.g. only vertically oriented support cables. In another type of embodiment the support structure has vertically oriented tension elements and crossing horizontally oriented tension elements, thus e.g. vertically oriented support cables and crossing horizontally oriented support cables.
With regard to the receiving of the tiles in the support structure, it is provided that the tiles received in the support structure are mounted in a weight-supporting manner and/or held locked by means of one or more of the allocated tension elements, namely directly and/or via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements.
In the subject-matter of claim 1, it is important that several or at least one of the tiles are or is allocated in each case at least one holding element, wherein, for anchoring to the tile, the holding element cooperates with an anchor received in a receiver of the tile and/or has at least one anchoring portion that can be anchored in a receiver of the tile, and wherein the holding element has at least one tension element gripping portion for gripping on at least one of the tension elements allocated to the tiles.
Preferred embodiments provide that the receiver of the tile is formed as a receiving space formed inside the tile.
It can be provided here that the receiving space is formed as a horizontal receiving space. This can preferably extend in the area of the lower horizontal edge of the tile and/or in the area of the upper horizontal edge of the tile. However, the receiving space can also be formed as a vertical receiving space. The vertical receiving space can preferably extend along the left side edge of the tile and/or along the right side edge of the tile.
In embodiments which have vertical tension elements, preferably embodiments in which the tension elements are formed exclusively as vertical tension elements, it can be provided that the receiving space extends horizontally in the tile, preferably along a lower and/or upper horizontal edge of the tile, and that two vertical tension elements are allocated to the tile, wherein the first of the vertical tension elements passes through the left lateral edge area of the tile and the second of the vertical tension elements passes through the right lateral edge area of the tile, and that in each case at least one tension element gripping portion of one or more of the holding elements allocated to the tile grips on the first vertical tension element and on the second vertical tension element.
In a preferred development it can be provided here that the anchor is arranged in the horizontal receiving space and its opposite ends cooperate with two holding elements, since the first of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the first vertical tension element, and since the second of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the second vertical tension element.
In embodiments which have horizontal tension elements, preferably in embodiments in which the tension elements are formed exclusively as horizontal tension elements, it can be provided that the receiving space extends vertically in the tile, preferably along a left and/or right vertical edge of the tile, and that two horizontal tension elements are allocated to the tile, wherein the first of the horizontal tension elements passes through the lower horizontal edge area of the tile and the second of the horizontal tension elements passes through the upper horizontal edge area of the tile, and that in each case at least one tension element gripping portion of one or more holding elements allocated to the tile grips on the first horizontal tension element and on the second horizontal tension element.
In a preferred development it can be provided that the anchor is arranged in the vertical receiving space and its opposite ends cooperate with two holding elements, since the first of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the first horizontal tension element, and since the second of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the second horizontal tension element.
Embodiments in which the holding element cooperates with an anchor can preferably provide that the anchor has at least one anchoring end, which cooperates with a first portion of the holding element, forming a positive-locking and/or friction-locking connection and/or resilient snap-on connection.
In such embodiments it can preferably be provided that the anchoring end of the anchor has a resilient portion and the first portion of the holding element has at least one protrusion and/or at least one recess, on or in which the resilient portion of the anchoring end engages; or vice versa, namely that the anchoring end of the anchor has at least one protrusion and/or at least one recess and the first portion of the holding element has a resilient portion, which engages on the at least one protrusion and/or in the at least one recess.
In a preferred development it can be provided that the anchor is formed as a double-T-shaped profile, which has a connecting web with two transverse webs at the ends of the connecting web, wherein the resilient portion is formed on the connecting web or the at least one protrusion and/or the at least one recess are or is formed on the connecting web, that in the area of the first portion the holding element has two U arms, on the sides of which facing away from each other or on the sides of which facing each other the at least one protrusion and/or the at least one recess or the resilient portion is formed, and that the anchoring end of the anchor cooperates with the U arms of the holding element, since the connecting web of the double-T-shaped profile of the anchor engages between the U arms of the holding element and the resilient portion cooperates with the at least one protrusion and/or the at least one recess.
A particularly stable positioning and supporting of the tiles results with embodiments which provide that the tile—preferably with a rectangular outline—has four corner areas, wherein in each case at least one tension element gripping portion of a holding element arranged in the receiver of the tile grips in each of the four corner areas.
With regard to the design of the holding element, embodiments which provide that the holding element is formed as an L bracket element, which has a first L arm and a second L arm which form a right angle, are particularly advantageous, wherein the first L arm is formed to engage in a receiving area extending horizontally in the tile and the second L arm is formed to engage in a receiving area extending vertically in the tile. Here, it can be provided that the first L arm has the tension element gripping portion and the second L arm has the tile anchoring portion, or that the first arm has the tile anchoring portion and the second arm has the tension element gripping portion.
Embodiments which provide that the first L arm of the holding element and/or the second L arm of the holding element have or has a U-shaped cross section are particularly advantageous.
It can be provided that the holding element is formed as a U-shaped profile, wherein the U arms of the U-shaped profile in a first longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile are formed longer than the U arms in a second longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile. In a preferred development it can be provided here that the U-shaped profile has the basic configuration of an L bracket, wherein the first L arm is formed by the longer U arms of the first longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile and the second L arm is formed by the shorter U arms of the second longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile.
It can be provided that the U-shaped profile, which has the basic configuration of an L bracket, is arranged in the tile such that the first L arm with the longer U arms engages in the horizontally extending receiving area of the tile, wherein the U arms extend horizontally in the horizontally extending receiving area, forming the anchoring to the tile, and that the second L arm with the shorter U arms engages in the vertical receiving area of the tile, wherein the shorter U arms extend horizontally, and thus transverse to the longitudinal extent of the vertical receiving area, forming the tension element gripping portion, since the vertical tension element allocated to the tile passes through the vertical receiving area in the area between the U arms of the U-shaped profile.
It can be provided that, to form the anchoring portion and/or to form the tension element gripping portion, the U arms are formed deviating from a parallel configuration in such a way that they diverge towards their free ends, in such a way that they form an elastic clamping connection to the inner wall of the receiving space when engaging in the receiving space under elastic deformation of the U arms.
Embodiments which provide that the holding element is formed as an axially extending, elongate element are also possible, wherein the elongate element has at least one longitudinal portion, which has the tile anchoring portion, and wherein the elongate element has the tension element gripping portion at least at one axial end. It can be provided here that the elongate element has a tension element gripping portion in each case at least at one axial end or at both opposite axial ends. It can be provided that the elongate element has an elastic portion, which is formed preferably elastically curved or preferably elastically undulating, and the tile anchoring portion is formed in the elastic portion, forming an elastic clamping connection through the cooperation of the elastic portion with the inner wall of the receiving space.
With regard to the supporting of the tiles on bearing bodies which are attached to tension elements, it can be provided that several or at least one of the tiles received in the support structure are or is mounted in a weight-supporting manner via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements, wherein it is provided that the bearing body cooperates with the holding element, since the holding element, preferably the tension element gripping portion of the holding element, is arranged between a bearing formed on the tile and a bearing formed on the bearing body, which forms a bearing supporting the weight of the tile. It can alternatively or additionally be provided that several or at least one of the tiles received in the support structure are or is held locked via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements, wherein it is provided that the bearing body cooperates with the holding element, since the holding element, preferably the tension element gripping portion of the holding element, is arranged between a bearing formed on the tile and a bearing formed on the bearing body, which forms a bearing locking the position of the tile.
The bearing body is preferably attached axially fixed to the tension element in question. It can be provided that several or at least one of the bearing bodies are or is attached to the tension element by welding and/or screwing and/or by catching and/or by adhesion and/or by grouting.
With regard to the design of the bearing bodies: in a preferred embodiment the bearing bodies can preferably be formed as spherical bodies. The bearing bodies can be formed as solid bodies or hollow bodies. The bearing bodies are preferably formed from metallic material.
With regard to the allocation of the bearing bodies to the tiles, it can be provided that only one of the bearing bodies or several of the bearing bodies is or are allocated to each of the tiles.
It can be provided that in the area of their lower edge several or at least one of the tiles rest or rests on one or more of the bearing bodies. It can preferably be provided that the tiles or the tile rest or rests on a lower left bearing body in the area of a lower left corner area of the tile and on a lower right bearing body in the area of a lower right corner area of the tile.
It can alternatively or additionally be provided that several or at least one of the tiles are or is held locked in the area of their upper edge by means of one or more of the bearing bodies. Here, it can be provided that the tiles or the tile are or is held locked in the area of an upper left corner area of the tile by an upper left bearing body and are or is held locked in the area of an upper right corner area of the tile by means of an upper right bearing body.

The invention is explained further below with reference to figures. There are shown in:

FIG. 1a a first embodiment example of a façade structure and/or wall structure, in front view, showing the tiles in the support structure with vertical support cables;

FIG. 1b a detail representation from FIG. 1 a, in front view with perspective detail, showing the tiles, with L bracket holding elements inserted in the tile, on vertical support cables with spherical bearing bodies attached thereto;

FIG. 1c a section view in FIG. 1a , in a horizontal section plane;

FIG. 1d a section view in FIG. 1c , in a vertical section plane;

FIG. 2a a second embodiment example in front view with perspective detail showing the tile, with L bracket holding elements inserted in the tile, on vertical support cables;

FIG. 2b detail representation from FIG. 2a , showing the L bracket holding element with anchor cut open vertically in front view;

FIG. 2c horizontal section from FIG. 2 b;

FIG. 3a a third embodiment example of a façade structure and/or wall structure, in perspective front view, showing the tiles, with clip-shaped holding elements inserted, on vertical support cables;

FIG. 3b a detail representation of a tile in FIG. 3a , in perspective front view, showing the tile, with clip-shaped holding elements inserted;

FIG. 4a a fourth embodiment example, in perspective detail representation, showing a clip-shaped holding element modified compared with FIGS. 3a to 3 b;

FIG. 4b a top view of the tile with installed holding element of FIG. 4 a;

FIG. 5a a fifth embodiment example, in front view, showing the tiles on vertical support cables with parallel double support cables for the horizontal adjoining arrangement of adjacent tiles.

The support structure 2 is represented only by way of example in FIG. 1 a. In the case represented, the support structure is made up of vertical support profiles 2 v and horizontal support profiles 2 h. The support profiles form a rectangular frame structure, in which the support profiles are connected to each other in the corners.
The support structure 2 is intended for a stationary installation, namely for example in front of a building wall outside or inside a building. For this purpose, the support structure 2 can in each case be installed in stationary bearings, not represented, supported on the floor side in the area of the lower horizontal support profile 2 h or on the roof side in the area of the upper horizontal support profile 2 h. Alternatively or additionally, the support structure 2 can also be installed supported correspondingly stationary laterally in the area of its left and right vertical support profiles 2 v, for example on adjoining building walls.
In each case taut support cables 3 are arranged in the support structure 2. In the embodiment examples represented in the figures, exclusively vertically oriented support cables 3 are present, and no crossing horizontal support cables.
In each case, the support cables 3 are fixed with their upper and lower ends in fastening bearings in the upper and lower horizontal support profiles 3 h.
The embodiment examples represented in the figures are façade structures or wall structures in which in each case large-format tiles 1 are mounted in a support structure 2.
The tiles 1 are preferably ceramic tiles. In the cases represented, the tiles 1 in each case have a rectangular outline and are produced in an extrusion process. Their dimensions are preferably more than 200 mm in horizontal length and more than 100 mm in vertical height. Much larger dimensions of the tiles are conceivable. As a rule, the support structure is story-high.
Reference is made to FIGS. 1b to 1d in the following:
The tiles 1 are mounted on the support cables 3. For this purpose, bearing bodies 4, on which the tiles 1 rest and/or through which the tiles 1 are locked in the support structure against pivoting out of the vertical plane, are attached axially fixed to the vertical support cables. The tiles 1 mounted in the support structure are arranged flush with each other in a common vertical plane. The common vertical plane is spanned by the support cables 3. The tiles 1, which are mounted on the support cables 3, are held in this plane by the bearing bodies 4 and by the support cables themselves, i.e. locked against pivoting out of this plane, which will be explained in even more detail.
In the cases represented, the bearing bodies 4 are formed in each case as spherical bodies. They are attached axially fixed to the vertical support cables 3, for example by welding the bearing bodies to the support cables.
On their left side edge and on their right side edge the tiles 1 have in each case an open longitudinal groove 1 vn, which extends along the vertical side edge of the tile in each case over the whole vertical extent of the tile, or of the side edge. These vertical longitudinal grooves 1 vn have a substantially U-shaped cross section. The left longitudinal groove is open towards the left end face and the right longitudinal groove is open towards the right end face. Furthermore, the longitudinal grooves 1 vn are also open at the ends of their longitudinal extent, i.e. at the top and bottom.
The vertical support cables 3 engage in the vertical longitudinal grooves 1 vn, since they extend in the longitudinal groove in the longitudinal direction and pass through upwards and downwards. The bearing bodies 4 attached to the vertical support cables 3 support the tiles in all four corners.
With regard to the supporting of the tiles 1 on the bearing bodies 4:
The weight-supporting mounting is effected primarily via the lower bearing bodies 4. In the area of their lower left corner the tiles rest, in each case in a weight-supporting manner, on a lower left bearing body 4 attached to the left support cable 3. In the area of its lower right corner the tile rests in a weight-supporting manner on a lower right bearing body 4 attached to the right support cable 3.
Upper bearing bodies 4 grip in the area of the upper left corner and the upper right corner, namely an upper left bearing body 4 attached to the left support cable 3 grips on the upper left corner, and an upper right bearing body 4 attached to the right support cable 3 grips in the area of the upper right corner. These upper bearing bodies 4 serve primarily to lock the tile in its vertical orientation in the common vertical plane against pivoting out of this plane. The lower bearing bodies 4 and the upper bearing bodies 4 are formed identically, i.e. in each case as spherical bodies.
In the cases represented, the tiles 1 do not cooperate directly with the bearing bodies 4, i.e. the tiles 1 do not lie directly on the lower and upper support bodies, but in each case on holding elements 5, which are mounted supported in the tiles 1.
The holding elements 5 in the embodiment examples of FIGS. 1b to 1d are formed as L bracket elements, which in each case are arranged inserted in the corner areas of the tiles 1. For this purpose, in addition to the longitudinal grooves 1 vn, which are formed along the left and right vertical edge of the tiles, the tiles 1 also have horizontal longitudinal grooves on the upper horizontal edge and on the lower horizontal edge, namely a horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn open to the top on the upper horizontal edge, and a horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn open to the bottom on the lower horizontal edge.
Like the vertical longitudinal grooves 1 vn, the horizontal longitudinal grooves 1 hn are also U-shaped in cross section and open at the ends of their longitudinal extent.
With regard to the design of the holding elements 5:
The holding elements 5 in the embodiment example of FIGS. 1b to 1d are, as already said, L bracket elements. They are formed as special U-shaped profiles. The distinctive feature of the special U-shaped profile is in each case that the U arms 5 u in a first longitudinal portion 51 of the U-shaped profile are longer than the U arms 5 u in a second longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped profile adjoining the first longitudinal portion 51. Specifically, the U arms 5 u in the first longitudinal portion 51 have the length L1. The U arms 5 u in the second longitudinal portion have the length L2. The length L1 is greater than the length L2, namely in the specific case the length L1 is approx. three times greater than the length L2. As can be seen from the figures, the longitudinal extent U1 of the first longitudinal portion 51 is shorter than the longitudinal extent of the second longitudinal portion 52.
In the side view of the U-shaped profile, therefore, a substantially L-bracket-shaped configuration results, i.e. the first longitudinal portion 51 of the U-shaped profile with the U arms 5 u of the length L1 forms the first L arm 5 s, and the second longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped profile with the U arms 5 u with the length L2 forms the second L arm 5 s.
The holding element 5 designed in this way is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal center plane which runs between the U arms 5 u parallel to the extent of the U arms. This makes it possible to arrange the holding element 5 inserted in the tiles in all four corner areas.
In the area of the upper left corner and in the area of the upper right corner, the holding element 5 is arranged inserted in the tile, since the first L arm 5 s formed by the long U arms 5 u is pushed into the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn, namely forming a clamping connection to the insides of the longitudinal groove. The second L arm 5 s formed by the horizontal U arms 5 u is inserted in the vertical longitudinal groove 1 vn on the left and on the right side edge, respectively, of the tile 1. The free ends of the short U arms stand on the floor of the vertical longitudinal groove 1 vn, forming a receiving space for the vertical support cable 3 passing through the vertical longitudinal groove 1 vn. The receiving space for the support cable 3 is formed by the floor of the longitudinal groove 1 vn and by the space between the short U arm 5 u engaging in the longitudinal groove and the floor of the U-shaped profile.
The holding elements 5 inserted in the corner areas of the tile 1 thus guarantee a stable arrangement of the vertical support cables 3 passing through the left and right longitudinal grooves 1 vn of the tile. Furthermore, the holding elements 5 arranged in the lower left and right corner areas form bearings, with which the tiles rest in a weight-supporting manner on the bearing bodies 4 attached to the support cables 3.
The holding elements 5 arranged in the upper left and right corner areas are in contact with the upper bearing bodies 4 attached to the support cables. The bearing bodies 4 lie on the holding elements 5 inserted in the upper corner areas and thus lock the tiles in their position against pivoting out of the common vertical plane, in which the tiles are arranged flush with each other in the support structure.
The embodiment example of FIGS. 2a to 2c is an embodiment example modified compared with the embodiment example of FIGS. 1a to 1 d. The modification consists of the fact that in the embodiment example of FIGS. 2a to 2c the L-bracket-shaped holding element 5 cooperates with a separate anchor 6. The anchor 6 is formed as a double-T-shaped profile, which is arranged in the horizontal receiving groove and cooperates with the horizontal L arm of the holding element 5. The cooperation consists of the fact that the right end of the anchor 6 represented in FIGS. 2a to 2c cooperates with the right holding element 5. With the left end of the anchor 6, not represented, which extends over the whole longitudinal extent of the tile in its horizontal groove, the anchor 6 cooperates with the left holding element 5, which is arranged in the left corner of the tile. The cooperation of the right end of the anchor 6 with the right holding element corresponds to the cooperation of the left end of the anchor 6 with the left holding element. The holding element 5 is modified compared with the holding element 5 in the embodiment example of FIGS. 1a to 1d to the effect that on their outside the long U arms, which are arranged engaging in the horizontal receiving groove 1 hn of the tile, each have a row of saw-tooth-shaped teeth parallel to each other. Here, the parallel teeth extend in each case transverse to the longitudinal extent of the longitudinal groove 2 hn. On its represented right anchor end, and in the same way on its not represented left anchor end, the anchor 6 has leaf spring mechanisms, which have leaf springs with bent end edges, which engage in the row of saw teeth on the outside of the two U arms of the holding element 5, namely gripping on the steep flank of the respective tooth in the manner of a gripping from behind.
The double-T-shaped profile has a connecting arm, at the ends of which in each case a transversely running T arm is formed. The double-T-shaped profile is arranged in the horizontal longitudinal groove 2 hn such that the connecting web is oriented vertically and the transverse webs are in the horizontal plane, i.e. parallel to the floor of the horizontal longitudinal groove 2 hv with the U-shaped cross section. The double-T-shaped profile is arranged with its vertically running connecting web engaging between the U arms of the holding element 5. The spring mechanism 6 f consists of two leaf springs, which form a Y configuration. The Y arms are fixed with their base portion on the double-T-shaped profile in the area of the vertically oriented connecting arm by a common fastening mechanism. The two Y arms are arranged between the lower and the upper transverse web, namely one Y arm on the left side of the connecting web and the other Y arm on the right side of the connecting web. With its chamfered free end the left Y arm cooperates with the row of saw teeth on the outside of the left U arm of the holding element 5. With its free chamfered end the right Y arm cooperates with the row of saw teeth on the outside of the left U arm of the holding element 5. At the not represented left end of the anchor 5, the left anchor end cooperates in the same way with the U arms of the allocated left holding element 5, i.e. the anchor is anchored with its right anchor end to the right holding element 5 and with its left anchor end to the left holding element 5. The two holding elements 5 are thus braced with each other via the anchor 6. Through this bracing of the two holding elements 5, the allocated vertical support cables 3, which pass through the vertical longitudinal grooves 2 vn on the right and left tile edges, are braced with each other, as the right vertical support cable passes through the receiving space which is formed between the U arms of the vertical L arm of the right holding element 5, and the left vertical support cable passes through the receiving space which is formed by the U arms of the vertical L arm of the left holding element 5.
The two holding elements 5 arranged at the lower corners of the tile, namely the lower right holding element 5 and the lower left holding element 5, are braced with each other via an anchor 6 received in the lower horizontal receiving groove 2 hn in the same way as the two upper holding elements 5 and correspondingly brace the two vertical support cables in this lower horizontal area.
In the embodiment examples in FIGS. 3a to 3b , the holding elements 5 are formed deviating from the previously described design. The holding elements 5 in FIGS. 3a to 3b are formed as elongate, clip-shaped elements which extend axially, i.e. slightly curved substantially in an axial direction. Two such holding elements 5 are inserted in the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn of the tile 1 in FIGS. 3a to 3b , namely in such a way that the main longitudinal portion of the holding element 5 is arranged extending longitudinally in the left horizontal longitudinal groove, and that the free end of the holding element 5 protrudes into the left vertical longitudinal groove and there grips the vertical support cable 3 passing through the longitudinal groove from behind by means of a hook-shaped end formed on the left end of the support element 50. The right holding element 5 is arranged correspondingly in the right portion of the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn and engages in the right vertical longitudinal groove with its free right end. The hook-shaped free right end grips on the support cable 3 guided through in the right vertical longitudinal groove. In a corresponding manner, two such holding elements 5 are arranged in the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn. The left holding element is arranged with its main longitudinal portion in the left half of the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn and engages in the left vertical longitudinal groove with its free left end, wherein the hook-shaped free left end grips on the vertical support cable 3 guided there. In a corresponding manner, the right holding element 5 rests in the right half of the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn and grips on the vertical support cable, which passes through the right vertical longitudinal groove, with its hook-shaped free right end.
The anchoring of the holding elements 5 in the tile 1 is effected by the curved shape of the main longitudinal portion of the holding element 5 via elastic clamping connection to the inner wall of the horizontal longitudinal groove. The curved shape is formed such that the main longitudinal portion of the holding element 5 can be pushed into the horizontal longitudinal groove only under elastic deformation and the elastic clamping connection to the inner wall of the longitudinal groove is formed there.
The free ends of the holding elements 5 gripping on the vertical support cables 3 cooperate with the bearing bodies 4 attached to the support cables. In the case of the holding elements 5 arranged in the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn, the free end which grips on the allocated vertical support cable 3 rests on the bearing body attached to the support cable, with the result that the weight forces of the tile 1 are introduced onto this lower bearing body 4. In the case of the holding elements 5 arranged in the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn, the free end which grips on the allocated vertical support cable 3 rests, in contact, on the underside of the bearing body 4 attached to the support cable 3, with the result that the arrangement of the support cables 3 passing through the vertical longitudinal groove, and thus the position of the tile, is stabilized and locked by the bearing body 4.
FIG. 4a shows modified holding elements 5 for an embodiment example modified compared with FIGS. 3a to 3b . In the modified embodiment example of FIG. 4a , unlike the holding elements in FIGS. 3a to 3b , in each case only one holding element 5 is arranged in the upper horizontal longitudinal groove and one holding element 5 is arranged in the lower horizontal longitudinal groove. The holding element 5 corresponds in terms of its axial length to the whole longitudinal extent of the tile 1 and thus to the whole longitudinal extent of the horizontal longitudinal groove in which the holding element 5 is received. In the case of its arrangement in the longitudinal groove, its free left end engages in the left vertical longitudinal groove 1 vn and there grips on the left support cable 3 guided through this vertical longitudinal groove. Its free right end engages in the right vertical longitudinal groove 1 vn and there grips on the right support cable 3 guided through this vertical longitudinal groove. The anchoring of the holding element 5 in the longitudinal groove is effected by the curved shape of the main longitudinal portion of the holding element formed between the free ends. The anchoring is thus effected in a manner corresponding to that in the case of the previously described holding elements, namely likewise through an elastic clamping connection of the curved main portion of the holding element pushed into the longitudinal groove. Also in the case of these holding elements 5, the bearing bodies 4 attached to the vertical support cables 3 act in the same way on the tiles via the holding elements 5, i.e. the lower bearing bodies 4 primarily act in a weight-supporting manner, and the upper bearing bodies 4 act in the manner of a stabilizing and locking of the position of the tile against a pivoting of the tile out of the common vertical plane in which the tiles 1 arranged in the support structure are flush with each other.
In FIG. 5a the vertical support cables 3 are arranged in the support structure such that in each case a few separate left and right vertical support cables 3 are available for in each case horizontally adjacent tiles of a row. This has the result that horizontally adjacent tiles of a row can be arranged adjoining each other relatively closely depending on the arrangement of the vertical support cables. The arrangement of the six vertical support cables in FIG. 5a is as follows in the order from left to right:

- First vertical support cable spaced apart from the second vertical support cable with spacing: tile length of the left tile
- Second vertical support cable spaced apart from the third vertical support cable with spacing: minimum spacing
- Third vertical support cable spaced apart from the fourth vertical support cable with spacing: tile length of the middle tile
- Fourth vertical support cable spaced apart from the fifth vertical support cable with spacing: minimum spacing
- Fifth vertical support cable spaced apart from the sixth vertical support cable with spacing: tile length of the right tile.

The spacing of the horizontally adjoining tiles is determined by the minimum spacing. In the case of the use of bearing elements 4, on which the tiles rest, received axially fixed on the support cables 3, this minimum spacing is determined by the diameter of a bearing body 4, or the minimum spacing is determined by the minimum receiving depth with which the vertical support cables have to be received in the vertical longitudinal groove 1 vn in order to guarantee a stable hold of the tiles in the vertical plane spanned by the vertical support cables.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 tile
1 vn longitudinal groove on the left and right vertical side edge of the tile
1 hn longitudinal groove on the upper and lower horizontal edge of the tile
2 support structure
2 h horizontal support profile
2 v vertical support profile
3 support cable
4 bearing body
5 holding element
5 u U arm
5 s L arm
51 first longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile
52 second longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile
6 anchor
6 f spring mechanism
6 n rivet connection
U1 length of the first longitudinal portion 51 of the U-shaped profile
U2 length of the second longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped profile
L1 length of the U arm 5 u of the first longitudinal portion 51 of the U-shaped profile
L2 length of the U arm of the second longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped profile

Claims

1. A façade structure and/or wall structure for a building, comprising tiles and a support structure, in which the tiles are received oriented in each case in the vertical plane,

wherein it is provided:

that the support structure has taut tension elements wherein, as taut tension elements, vertically oriented tension elements or horizontally oriented tension elements are provided or vertically oriented tension elements and crossing horizontally oriented tension elements are provided, and

that the tiles received in the support structure are mounted in a weight-supporting manner and/or held locked by means of one or more of the allocated tension elements, directly and/or via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements, and wherein

several or at least one of the tiles are or is allocated in each case at least one holding element,

wherein, for anchoring to the tile, the holding element has at least one anchoring portion that can be anchored in a receiver of the tile, and/or cooperates with an anchor received in a receiver of the tile, and

wherein the holding element has at least one tension element gripping portion for gripping on at least one of the tension elements allocated to the tiles.

2. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

the receiver of the tile is formed as a receiving space formed inside the tile.

3. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 2, wherein

the receiving space extends horizontally in the tile and wherein

two vertical tension elements are allocated to the tile, wherein the first of the vertical tension elements passes through the left lateral edge area of the tile and the second of the vertical tension elements passes through the right lateral edge area of the tile, and

wherein in each case at least one tension element gripping portion of one or more of the holding elements allocated to the tile grips on the first vertical tension element and on the second vertical tension element.

4. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 3, wherein

the anchor is arranged in the horizontal receiving space and its opposite ends cooperate with two holding elements,

since the first of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the first vertical tension element, and since the second of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the second vertical tension element.

5. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 3, wherein

the receiving space extends vertically in the tile, and wherein

two horizontal tension elements are allocated to the tile, wherein the first of the horizontal tension elements passes through the lower horizontal edge area of the tile and the second of the horizontal tension elements passes through the upper horizontal edge area of the tile, and wherein at least one tension element gripping portion of one or more holding elements allocated to the tile grips on the first horizontal tension element and on the second horizontal tension element.

6. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 5, wherein

the anchor is arranged in the vertical receiving space and its opposite ends cooperate with two holding elements,

since the first of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the first horizontal tension element, and since the second of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the second horizontal tension element.

7. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

the anchor has at least one anchoring end, which cooperates with a first portion of the holding element, forming a positive-locking and/or friction-locking connection and/or resilient snap-on connection.

8. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 7, wherein

the anchoring end of the anchor has a resilient portion and the first portion of the holding element has at least one protrusion and/or at least one recess, on or in which the resilient portion of the anchoring end engages; or

wherein the anchoring end of the anchor has at least one protrusion and/or at least one recess and the first portion of the holding element has a resilient portion, which engages on the at least one protrusion and/or in the at least one recess.

9. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 8, wherein

the anchor is formed as a double-T-shaped profile, which has a connecting web with two transverse webs at the ends of the connecting web, wherein the resilient portion is formed on the connecting web or the at least one protrusion and/or the at least one recess are or is formed on the connecting web,

wherein, in the area of the first portion, the holding element has two U arms, on the sides of which facing away from each other or on the sides of which facing each other the at least one protrusion and/or the at least one recess or the resilient portion is formed, and

wherein the anchoring end of the anchor cooperates with the U arms of the holding element, since the connecting web of the double-T-shaped profile of the anchor engages between the U arms of the holding element and the resilient portion cooperates with the at least one protrusion and/or the at least one recess.

10. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

the tile has four corner areas, wherein in each case at least one tension element gripping portion of holding elements arranged in the tile grips in each of the four corner areas.

11. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

the holding element is formed as an L bracket element, which has a first L arm and a second L arm which form a right angle, wherein the first L arm is formed to engage in a receiving area extending horizontally in the tile and the second L arm is formed to engage in a receiving area extending vertically in the tile.

12. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 11, wherein

the first L arm has the tension element gripping portion and the second L arm has the tile anchoring portion or the portion cooperating with the anchor, or

wherein the first L arm has the tile anchoring portion or the portion cooperating with the anchor and the second L arm has the tension element gripping portion.

13. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 11, wherein

the first L arm and/or the second L arm have or has a U-shaped cross section.

14. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 11, wherein

the holding element is formed as a U-shaped profile, wherein the U arms of the U-shaped profile in a first longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile are formed longer than the U arms in a second longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile.

15. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 14, wherein

the U-shaped profile forming the holding element has the basic configuration of an L bracket, wherein the first L arm is formed by the longer U arms of the first longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile and the second L arm is formed by the shorter U arms of the second longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile.

16. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 15, wherein

the U-shaped profile forming the holding element, which has the basic configuration of an L bracket, is arranged in the tile such

that the first L arm with the longer U arms engages in the horizontally extending receiving area of the tile, wherein the U arms extend horizontally in the horizontally extending receiving area, forming the anchoring to the tile, and

that the second L arm with the shorter U arms engages in the vertical receiving area of the tile, wherein the shorter U arms extend horizontally, and thus transverse to the longitudinal extent of the vertical receiving area, forming the tension element gripping portion, since the vertical tension element allocated to the tile passes through the vertical receiving area in the area between the shorter U arms of the U-shaped profile.

17. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 13, wherein,

to form the anchoring portion, the longer U arms and/or, to form the tension element gripping portion, the shorter U arms are formed deviating from a parallel configuration in such a way that they diverge towards their free ends, in such a way that they form an elastic clamping connection to the inner wall of the receiving space when engaging in the receiving space under elastic deformation of the U arms.

18. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

the holding element is formed as an axially extending, elongate element, wherein the elongate element has at least one longitudinal portion, which has the tile anchoring portion or the portion cooperating with the anchor, and wherein the elongate element has the tension element gripping portion at least at one axial end.

19. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 18, wherein

the elongate element forming the holding element has a tension element gripping portion in each case at least at one axial end or at both opposite axial ends.

20. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 18, wherein

the elongate element forming the holding element has an elastic portion, and the tile anchoring portion is formed in the elastic portion, forming an elastic clamping connection through the cooperation of the elastic portion with the inner wall of the receiving space.

21. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

several or at least one of the tiles received in the support structure are or is mounted in a weight-supporting manner via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements,

wherein it is provided

that the bearing body cooperates with the holding element, since the holding element is arranged between a bearing formed on the tile and a bearing formed on the bearing body, which forms a bearing supporting the weight of the tile.

22. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

several or at least one of the tiles received in the support structure are or is held locked via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements,

wherein it is provided

that the bearing body cooperates with the holding element, since the holding element, is arranged between a bearing formed on the tile and a bearing formed on the bearing body, which forms a bearing locking the position of the tile.

23. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

several or at least one of the bearing bodies are or is attached to the tension element by welding and/or screwing and/or by catching and/or by adhesion and/or by grouting.

24. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

only one of the bearing bodies or several of the bearing bodies is or are allocated to each of the tiles.

25. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein,

in the area of their lower edge several or at least one of the tiles rest or rests on one or more of the bearing bodies.

26. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 25, wherein

the tiles or the tile rest or rests on a lower left bearing body in the area of a lower left corner area of the tile and on a lower right bearing body in the area of a lower right corner area of the tile.

27. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1, wherein

several or at least one of the tiles are or is held locked in the area of their upper edge by means of one or more of the bearing bodies.

28. The façade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 27, wherein

the tiles or the tile are or is held locked in the area of an upper left corner area of the tile by an upper left bearing body and are or is held locked in the area of an upper right corner area of the tile by means of an upper right bearing body.