US20210396002A1 - Modular construction system - Google Patents

Modular construction system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210396002A1
US20210396002A1 US17/279,318 US201917279318A US2021396002A1 US 20210396002 A1 US20210396002 A1 US 20210396002A1 US 201917279318 A US201917279318 A US 201917279318A US 2021396002 A1 US2021396002 A1 US 2021396002A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
assembly
elements
vertical
horizontal
beams
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US17/279,318
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English (en)
Inventor
Guillaume Largillier
Ludovic Lachavanne
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34331—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by three-dimensional elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0023—Building characterised by incorporated canalisations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B1/1903—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/1909—Connecting nodes specially adapted therefor with central cylindrical connecting element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/30—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts being composed of two or more materials; Composite steel and concrete constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/2628—Interlocking connectors, e.g. with hooks or dovetails, added to the elongated wooden members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of the modular construction of prefabricated buildings, and more particularly to a construction assembly comprising a network of posts and beams allowing the arrangement and maintenance of vertical and horizontal walls, and some of which also integrate means for the circulation of fluids. At least part of the walls consist of SIF-type panels (structural, insulated, finished). The cross-section of the beams is substantially equal to the cross-section of the SIF panels.
  • the present disclosure relates to the field of the construction of buildings [IPC/EPC E04B], and, in particular, of small-scale buildings such as individual houses, grouped housing, offices, schools and other collective facilities (nursery, community centers, etc.).
  • the present disclosure relates more particularly to the field of off-site building construction.
  • the present disclosure also relates to the field of the construction of buildings with high energy and environmental performance, in particular, those meeting low consumption building standards (as defined, in particular, by standards RT-2012, RT 2020, Passivhaus).
  • buildings are characterized primarily by low energy consumption obtained by optimizing thermal insulation, moisture and air tightness, ventilation and thermal inertia.
  • French patent FR2610655 is known, which describes a known solution of a metal frame characterized in that it is constituted with a minimum of vertical posts, that is: at least four, incorporated in the corners, associated with metal profiles embedding the base of the panels, while the upper part of the panels is reinforced by metal inserts bolted to specific parts allowing the fixing of the lower ends of the trusses supporting the roof.
  • This metal frame can be completely dismantled, while being largely hidden in the sandwich panels, either during the manufacture of the latter, or during assembly (like the corner posts).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,931,803 is also known describing a solution consisting in using a post-beam structure.
  • the solidity of the construction is ensured by the fixing of the posts and beams.
  • the walls do not play a structuring role here and can therefore be freely formed from any type of panel, in particular, sandwich-type panels as described above.
  • This document of the prior art thus describes a method for implementing panels by means of extruded plastic beams making it possible to connect the vertical and horizontal elements.
  • this document does not disclose any teaching enabling a person skilled in the art to integrate the circulation of fluids.
  • Patent application WO2012021055A2 describes a system comprising a plurality of building elements characterized by a hollow bar as a connecting means for connecting pillar assemblies and an engagement means for connecting pillar and wall assemblies.
  • the system further comprises a column for forming pillar assemblies and a wall panel for forming wall assemblies.
  • a first beam supports a floor and a second beam supports ceiling assemblies that comprise a junction plate on a first end and a second end for engaging the engagement means.
  • a flat panel that forms a floor in the building comprises a plurality of supports for receiving penetrant.
  • the object sought by the present disclosure is to manufacture high-performance houses at a lower cost and in less time by assembling prefabricated modules on site that integrate all the necessary elements (structural work, light work, finishing.).
  • the present disclosure relates in its most general sense to a construction assembly for a prefabricated building comprising horizontal elements and vertical elements as well as assembly elements, characterized in that the horizontal, vertical and assembly elements are formed by a first panel forming one of the longitudinal faces, a second panel forming a structuring layer on the opposite longitudinal face, and an insulating material disposed between the longitudinal faces, the thickness U of the vertical elements corresponding to the cross-section of the assembly elements, the length of the vertical elements being a multiple of U, at least some of the assembly elements further comprising fluid pipes and/or electrical cabling.
  • At least some of the elements have male connectors inserted at regular intervals on the rim of the elements, and female connectors inserted symmetrically and facing the male connectors on the corresponding rims.
  • the rim of the assembly elements is machined at each insertion point of a female connector to create a trench at the bottom of which the female connector is housed.
  • the trench is wider on the edge of the rim of the assembly element to facilitate the insertion of the male connector.
  • the lower structural part of the assembly elements is composed of a bracket reinforced by a metal profile of rectangular cross-section defining a pipe for the ventilation of the air.
  • orifices are drilled regularly along the inner faces of the profile.
  • the orifices also pass through the structuring bracket.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a method of constructing a prefabricated building according to the aforementioned structure, characterized in that the following is carried out successively:
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the construction principle by connecting panels using corner beams;
  • FIG. 2 is a second exploded perspective view illustrating a building constructed according to the construction principle
  • FIG. 3 is a side cross-section showing the alignment of a corner beam, a horizontal SIF panel (roof), and a vertical SIF panel (wall);
  • FIG. 4 is a side cross-section illustrating a building whose dimensions are multiples of the cross-section of the modules
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a male-type metal connector and of a female-type metal connector for fixing the modules together;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a beam incorporating a series of invisible female-type metal connectors
  • FIGS. 7 a and 7 b are side cross-sections of a beam configured to integrate fluids
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a beam configured to integrate fluids
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a post configured to integrate fluids
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a corner piece located at the intersection of two upper beams
  • FIG. 11 shows a first variant for the internal structure of the vertical sandwich panel (SIF) of the wall type
  • FIG. 12 shows an outer belt of a vertical sandwich-type panel (wall);
  • FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of an SIF roof panel
  • FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of a variant of the assembly by means of machined connectors.
  • FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a vertical panel/beam assembly by means of a twist-lock.
  • the general principle of the present disclosure involves constructing a building by assembling prefabricated 2D modules on the installation site, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the structure is thus made up of horizontal (such as floors, roofs, glass roofs, balconies) and vertical (such as walls, partitions, joinery) elements assembled together by means of posts, beams and corner pieces.
  • one or more horizontal modules are first installed to form a floor ( 1 ).
  • a network of lower beams ( 2 ) is then connected to all the side faces of the horizontal module(s).
  • the vertical walls are then raised by connecting a series of vertical modules ( 3 ) and posts on the upper face of the lower beams.
  • a second network of horizontal beams ( 4 ) is placed to which horizontal panels ( 5 ) will ultimately be connected in order to compose the roof or the upper level.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the walls and floors are composed at least in part of structural panels and can also integrate non-structural elements (e.g., windows). When they are in contact with the outside, the panels can be of the sandwich type and advantageously of the SIF type (structural, insulated, finished).
  • FIG. 1 shows that the walls and floors are composed at least in part of structural panels and can also integrate non-structural elements (e.g., windows). When they are in contact with the outside, the panels can be of the sandwich type and advantageously of the SIF type (structural, insulated
  • FIG. 3 shows, in cross-section, a vertical SIF panel ( 6 ), a horizontal SIF panel (roof) ( 7 ) and a corner beam ( 8 ).
  • the material used for the structuring layer ( 9 ) of the panels is of little importance for the understanding and implementation of the present disclosure.
  • this layer may consist of laminated wood, for example, CLT (“Cross-Laminated Timber”), LVL or Lamibois (trade name).
  • CLT Cross-Laminated Timber
  • LVL Lamibois
  • the insulating layer ( 10 ) consists of any type of insulation (e.g.: wood wool, mineral wool, polystyrene).
  • the interior finish can be the structural material left raw, or a topcoat, for example, plaster, paint, or PLACOPLATRE® (Trade name), not shown in the figure.
  • the exterior finish is arbitrary (wood cladding, fiber cement, sheet metal, plaster).
  • the precise composition of each sandwich panel is adapted according to its function (floor, ceiling, roof, wall, interior partition) and the material chosen for the structuring layer.
  • the panels forming the roof comprise an outer face with a slight slope to allow the evacuation of rainwater.
  • the sandwich panels are designed so that their total thickness is substantially equivalent to the cross-section of the beam (denoted U in FIG. 3 ).
  • this feature optionally makes it possible to unify the dimensions of the different modules ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the panels and the beams can be fixed together using techniques known to those skilled in the art (screws, dowels, glues). However, to facilitate and accelerate the on-site assembly of the building, a preferred assembly method involves using male and female connectors.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a male ( 11 )-female ( 12 ) connector.
  • the male connectors are inserted at regular intervals on the rim of the various panels, while the female connectors are inserted symmetrically and facing the male connectors on the corresponding rims of the beams ( FIG. 6 ).
  • the connectors can be aligned or staggered.
  • the rim of the beam is machined at each insertion point of a female connector to create a trench ( 13 ) at the bottom of which the female connector ( 14 ) is housed.
  • the trench is substantially wider on the edge of the rim of the beam to facilitate the insertion of the male connector.
  • FIGS. 7 a and 7 b illustrate one embodiment of the beams.
  • the beams here are made up of two parts.
  • the lower structural part ( 15 ) is composed of a bracket ( 16 ) (for example, glulam) reinforced by a metal profile ( 17 ) of rectangular cross-section.
  • the profile acts both as an angle iron and as a duct for air ventilation.
  • orifices are drilled regularly (ideally at an interval equal to the unit U) along the internal faces of the profile. These orifices ( 21 ) also pass through the structuring bracket, as can be seen in the perspective view of the beam ( FIG. 8 ).
  • a raceway ( 18 ) is fitted to pass the electrical network (high current, low current, coaxial cables, Ethernet, fibers, etc.).
  • the upper part of the beam ( 19 ) incorporates the insulation and is terminated by a channel (molded or extruded) allowing the evacuation of rainwater that flows from the roof panels.
  • a waterproof membrane (for example, made from EPDM) covering the channel and overlapping the adjacent roof panel by several centimeters ensures the waterproofing of the whole.
  • the structure of the posts ( FIG. 9 ) is comparable to that of the beams. It also contains a structural part, an insulator ( 30 ), a profile ( 31 ) for ventilation and a raceway ( 32 ) for carrying the electrical network and a channel ( 33 ) for the water pipes.
  • the connection between the beams and the posts is made by means of a corner piece ( 35 ) shown in FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 11 shows a first variant for the internal structure of the wall-type vertical sandwich panel (SIF) in the form of a load-bearing panel made up of cross-laminated timbers (CLT) providing the load-bearing function of the wall as well as its bracing and its interior finish.
  • the outer face ( 41 ) of the CLT is covered (insulating side) possibly with a vapor barrier membrane.
  • Vertical posts ( 42 ) and/or horizontal joists ( 43 ) hold the insulation ( 45 ) and secure the exterior cladding ( 44 ).
  • the rainscreen film ( 46 ) is disposed on the outer face of the insulation. Cleats maintain an air gap ( 47 ) between the cladding and the rainscreen film.
  • vertical posts are braced by a wood particle board panel (e.g., OSB).
  • the panel is lined with an internal partition, for example, by means of plasterboard mounted on aluminum profiles.
  • a vapor barrier membrane is fixed to the inside of the panel.
  • the inner face ( 41 ) is composed of two wooden panels (for example, 3-ply or CLT) separated by cleats providing an empty space for the passage of the electrical ducts ( 52 ).
  • FIG. 12 shows an outer belt of a vertical-type sandwich panel (wall).
  • the belt ( 51 ) consists of composite wood boards (e.g., LVL) coated on their outer face with a waterproofing membrane (e.g., EPDM). Recesses are made in the belt for the passage of the CMV ( 53 ) and electrical ducts ( 52 ).
  • Dovetail-type connectors ( 55 ) on the side rims ( 54 ) allow the vertical modules to be fixed together, whether they are wall-type SIF panels, corner posts, or modules incorporating joinery.
  • the other fixing techniques described herein can also be applied.
  • FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of an SIF roofing panel made of composite wood beams (CLT or LVL) ( 61 ), insulating material ( 62 ) and two structural wood panels (CLT, or 3-ply) ( 63 ).
  • CLT or LVL composite wood beams
  • insulating material 62
  • CLT, or 3-ply structural wood panels
  • 63 the particle board (OSB) ( 65 ) is insulated with one layer of sound absorptive material ( 64 ) and covered with a waterproofing membrane (e.g.: EPDM).
  • EPDM waterproofing membrane
  • the floor panels have a similar structure.
  • the dry mineral floor consists of two boards of FERMACELL® (high-density gypsum) ( 65 ) and a layer of sound-absorptive material ( 64 ).
  • a honeycomb structure filled with sand ( 62 ) is alternated with composite wood beams (CLT or LVL).
  • the seal can be reinforced by means of a compressible sealing gasket (COMPRIBAND®) placed under the EPDM of one of the modules, combined with a recess on the module facing it.
  • a compressible sealing gasket COMPPRIBAND®
  • FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of a variant of the assembly by means of machined connectors for the connection of the horizontal modules to one another.
  • a structural composite wood board for example, lamibois
  • a and B two half-boards
  • the half-board ( 71 ) is fixed on the belt of a horizontal SIF panel (floor or ceiling); the half-board ( 72 ) is in turn fixed facing it on the beam. During assembly, the initial composite wood board is reconstituted.
  • the board ( 71 , 72 ) is cut in a repeating pattern that functions as a series of tenon-mortise connections.
  • the pattern can be a series of slots or triangles, sawtooths, dovetails, etc.
  • An almost sinusoidal pattern is particularly well suited because it facilitates the positioning and the interlocking of the modules.
  • the lower half-board ( 71 ) can receive recesses for the passage of ventilation and electricity ducts.
  • FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a vertical panel/beam assembly by means of a twist-lock. Twist connectors are commonly used in container transport.
  • the connector known under the name of “twist-lock” consists of a female part ( 81 ) fixed or machined directly on the modules and a removable male connector ( 82 ) that is inserted between two modules.
  • the pattern is repeated periodically.
  • the repetition respects the U frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
US17/279,318 2018-09-24 2019-09-24 Modular construction system Abandoned US20210396002A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1858639 2018-09-24
FR1858639A FR3086309B1 (fr) 2018-09-24 2018-09-24 Systeme de construction modulaire
PCT/FR2019/052231 WO2020065198A1 (fr) 2018-09-24 2019-09-24 Systeme de construction modulaire

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US20210396002A1 true US20210396002A1 (en) 2021-12-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/279,318 Abandoned US20210396002A1 (en) 2018-09-24 2019-09-24 Modular construction system

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US (1) US20210396002A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3856985A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR3086309B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020065198A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11808028B1 (en) * 2023-01-11 2023-11-07 Charles H. Harbison Modular building component

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11084245B2 (en) * 2019-01-09 2021-08-10 Six Minutes LLC Cross-laminated timber having a conduit therein

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5289665A (en) * 1991-09-26 1994-03-01 Higgins Gregory J Orthogonal framework for modular building systems
US6235367B1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2001-05-22 Robert D. Holmes Composite material for construction and method of making same
US20160014995A1 (en) * 2014-07-16 2016-01-21 Luis Bruno Novel Dog House
US20170335567A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-23 Aryan Twenty 5 Llc Panel and Method for Fabricating, Installing and Utilizing a Panel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2610655B1 (fr) * 1987-02-09 1989-06-09 Gui Pierre Dispositif d'assemblages pour la construction de batiments utilisant des panneaux sandwichs autoportants
US6931803B1 (en) 2002-03-08 2005-08-23 Gary Davis Modular building system
EP2065526A3 (fr) * 2007-11-30 2010-04-21 Reiner Zoller Système de liaison et dispositif de liaison
MY171088A (en) * 2010-08-11 2019-09-24 Univ Malaysia Teknologi Building assembly system
FR2997977B1 (fr) 2012-11-14 2016-01-01 Multipod Procede de construction d'un batiment a haute isolation thermique et batiment construit par ce procede
FR3028273A1 (fr) 2014-11-06 2016-05-13 Eccologis Nouvel element de liaison isolant entre panneaux composites pour le batiment, nouveaux panneaux adaptes et procede de construction de parois

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5289665A (en) * 1991-09-26 1994-03-01 Higgins Gregory J Orthogonal framework for modular building systems
US6235367B1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2001-05-22 Robert D. Holmes Composite material for construction and method of making same
US20160014995A1 (en) * 2014-07-16 2016-01-21 Luis Bruno Novel Dog House
US20170335567A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-23 Aryan Twenty 5 Llc Panel and Method for Fabricating, Installing and Utilizing a Panel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11808028B1 (en) * 2023-01-11 2023-11-07 Charles H. Harbison Modular building component

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FR3086309B1 (fr) 2020-08-28
FR3086309A1 (fr) 2020-03-27
WO2020065198A1 (fr) 2020-04-02
EP3856985A1 (fr) 2021-08-04

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