US20210303016A1 - Fault isolation and restoration scheme - Google Patents
Fault isolation and restoration scheme Download PDFInfo
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- US20210303016A1 US20210303016A1 US16/833,955 US202016833955A US2021303016A1 US 20210303016 A1 US20210303016 A1 US 20210303016A1 US 202016833955 A US202016833955 A US 202016833955A US 2021303016 A1 US2021303016 A1 US 2021303016A1
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- ied
- interruption device
- current interruption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1415—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying at system level
- G06F11/1441—Resetting or repowering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
- H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/265—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
- H02J3/0073—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
Abstract
Systems and methods to isolate faults and restore power are described herein. For example, an intelligent electronic device (IED) may receive a blocking signal indicating a fault is detected on a power line. The IED may obtain one or more current measurements of the power line. The IED may determine that a fault is not present on the power line at the IED based on the one or more current measurements. The IED may trip a first current interruption device of the IED The IED may send a close permissive signal to another IED indicating that the other IED is permitted to permitted to close an open current interruption device of the other IED to restore power to one or more loads.
Description
- The present disclosure relates generally to power system protection and, more particularly, to a scheme for detecting and isolating faults and restoring power to loads.
- Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the disclosure are described herein, including various embodiments of the disclosure with reference to the figures listed below.
-
FIG. 1 is a one-line diagram of a power system with a fault detected and isolated using a fault isolation and restoration scheme, in accordance with an embodiment. -
FIG. 2 is a one-line diagram of another fault in the power system ofFIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment. -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an IED in the fault isolation and restoration scheme ofFIGS. 1 and 2 , in accordance with an embodiment. -
FIG. 4 is flow diagram of a process performed by an end device in the fault isolation and restoration scheme ofFIGS. 1 and 2 , in accordance with an embodiment. -
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a process performed by an intermediate device of the fault and restoration scheme ofFIGS. 1 and 2 , in accordance with an embodiment. -
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a process to restore loads following isolation of a fault in the power system ofFIGS. 1 and 2 , in accordance with an embodiment. - One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
- Power systems include equipment, such as generators, power lines, transformers, and the like, to provide electrical energy from sources to one or more loads. Protective devices may be installed in power systems to isolate faults to protect the remainder of the power system. For example, a protective device may trip a circuit breaker to disconnect a faulted power line. By isolating the fault, the fault may not affect the remaining power grid, which may allow operators to address the cause of the fault. Further, limiting the amount of the power grid disconnected due to the fault may allow for more equipment to remain in operation when available.
- Commissioning and decommissioning protective devices on the power system may involve changing various settings to allow the protective devices to communicate with each other and operate such that the power system is protected. Further, some power systems may involve frequent changes to the equipment connected to the power system resulting in frequent commissioning and decommissioning of protective devices. The commissioning and decommissioning process may take significant amounts of time, resulting in downtime of the power system. Accordingly, there is a need to reduce the time taken in the commissioning and decommissioning process while enabling protective devices to isolate faults and restore remaining power to loads when available.
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FIG. 1 is a one-line diagram of apower system 20 having afirst power source 22 and asecond power source 24, such as an electric generator, that provides power. Although illustrated as a one-line diagram for purposes of simplicity, thepower system 20 may also be configured as a three-phase power system. Thepower sources - The
power sources - The
power system 20 may be protected by one or more intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). As used herein, an IED (such as IEDs 60-67) may refer to any microprocessor-based device that monitors, controls, automates, and/or protects monitored equipment within thepower grid 20. Such devices may include, for example, remote terminal units, differential relays, distance relays, directional relays, feeder relays, overcurrent relays, voltage regulator controls, voltage relays, breaker failure relays, generator relays, motor relays, automation controllers, bay controllers, meters, recloser controls, communications processors, computing platforms, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), programmable automation controllers, input and output modules, and the like. The term IED may be used to describe an individual IED or a system comprising multiple IEDs. The IEDs 60-67 may obtain electric measurements (e.g., current and/or voltage measurements) via analog signals from sensors 80-93, such as current transformers (CTs), potential transformers (PTs), Rogowski coils, voltage dividers, or the like. In other embodiments, the IEDs 60-67 may obtain digitized analog signals from merging units, which obtain electrical signals from the power system and communicate the digitized analog signals to the IEDs 60-67. - In the illustrated embodiment, the IEDs 60 and 61 may be utility feeder relays that monitor the current via the
current sensors power grid 20. Further, each of the IEDs 61-66 may be transformer protection relays that each monitor thepower system 20 at two locations, labeled A and B. - If an event, such as a fault, were to occur on the power line between
CBs CT 81 and current atCT 82 indicating that a fault is present between theCBs fault 90 were to occur betweenCBs fault 90 due to thepower source 22 providing energy to thefault 90. While these are used as examples, any suitable fault detection by the IEDs may be used. - Upon detecting a fault event, the IEDs 60-67 may communicate with each other to isolate the fault while limiting the loads disconnected. In the illustrated embodiment, the IED 61 may detect an overcurrent due to the
power source 22 feeding energy to thefault 90. The IED 61 may detect the fault on bothCT power source 22, through bothCBs fault 90. - The IED 61 may communicate that a fault was detected, via port A of the IED 61, to the IED 60 and communicate that the fault was detected, via port B of the IED 61, to port A of the IED 62. The IED 61 may receive the signal indicating that the neighboring IED 60 detected a fault. The IED 61 may not detect an overcurrent from a fault because the fault current is present on the power line between the
power source 22 and thefault 90. Because the IED 61 detected a fault atCT 82 and the IED 62 did not detect a fault atCT 83, the IED 62 may send a signal to open theCB 33 to isolate downstream loads (e.g., loads 51 and 52) from the fault. Further, the IED 62 may communicate a trip permissive signal from port A of the IED 61 to port B of the IED 61. Upon receiving a trip permissive signal from the IED 62, the IED 61 may send a signal to open theCB 32, thereby isolating thefault 90 from theremaining power source 22 and load 50. Further, the IED 61 may send a feedback signal to the IED 62 indicating that theCB 32 is open. - Upon confirming that the
fault 90 isolated from the feedback signal indicating opening ofCB 32 and the IED 62 openingCB 33, the IED 62 may send a close permissive signal via port B to IED 63. The IED 63 may receive the close permissive signal from IED 62. The IED 63 may determine that bothCBs power source 22. The IED 63 may then repeat the close permissive signal to the next neighboring IED 64. The IED 64 may receive the close permissive signal. - The IED 64 may determine that CB 37 is open and the power line has a healthy voltage from the
power source 24. For example, each IED 61-66 may be communicatively connected to a potential transformer to monitor the voltage to the respective loads 50-55. The voltage may be determined as healthy when the voltage is measured as being within a desired voltage range with a desired frequency range. With the healthy voltage andCB 37 open, the IED 64 may issue a close command toCB 37, which restores power to loads 51 and 52, thereby limiting the loads disconnected due to thefault 90. -
FIG. 2 is an example of a fault between the monitoredCBs IED 62 is a transformer protection relay, the fault may be located in or downstream of the connected transformer to load 51. In the illustrated embodiment ofFIG. 2 , theIED 61 may detect a through fault viaCTs IED 61 may send a blocking signal indicating that a fault is detected to neighboringIEDs substation IED 60 may wait to trip on time overcurrent. TheIED 62 may receive the blocking signal and determine whether a fault is present. - The
IED 62 may detect an overcurrent atCT 83 without detecting an overcurrent atCT 84 indicating that afault 120 is present on the transformer (e.g., the load 51) or on the transformer low side (side B of IED 62). TheIED 62 may openCBs IED 62 receives feedback that theCBs IED 62 may communicate a close permissive toIED 63. TheIED 63 may repeat the close permissive signal to thenext IED 64 based on the determination that theCBs IED 64 may determine that there is aCB 37 open and the power line has a healthy voltage (e.g., due to power source 24) indicating that the energized line can be used topower load 52. TheIED 64 may close theCB 37 to restore power delivered to load 52. -
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of anotherIED 200 being inserted into thepower system 20 betweenIEDs power system 20 may include end devices (e.g.,IEDs 60 and 67) that are located in proximity of thepower sources ellipses 180, there may be any suitable number of devices/connections on thepower system 20. Further, the number of connections/devices may vary during operation of thepower system 20. That is, connections may be added or removed by commissioning/decommissioning onto thepower system 20 and by adjusting connections of the IED without adjusting settings of the IED specific to the location in thepower system 20. - The communication connections ports A 232 and
B 234 may be any suitable communication connections, such as ethernet ports, serial ports, or a combination thereof, and may allow for bi-directional communication with both the upstream and downstream relay. For example, the IEDs may communicate IED status information using Mirrored Bits® communication over a serial communication port, commercially available from Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories of Pullman, Wash. The communication protocol may be independent of the communicating devices such that one relay may be swapped for another without changing communicated status information delivered between the devices (e.g., without header information identifying the IEDs). - Equipment on each side of the
IED 200 may be associated with each other due to the relationship with respect to the load. For example, the A side ofIED 200 may refer to thecurrent sensor 206, theCB 202, andcommunication port A 232 which may be associated with being upstream ofload 210, and the B side ofIED 200 may refer to thecurrent sensor 208, theCB 204, andcommunication port B 234 which may be associated with being downstream ofload 52. - As illustrated, each communication port A may be connected to a port B of a neighboring IED, and each port B may be connected to a port A of a neighboring IED to allow for peer-to-peer communication between each neighboring IED Further, neighboring relays may repeat status information, such as blocking signals or permissive tripping/closing signals to subsequent devices until a device having the desired conditions is reached. For example, permissive close signals may be repeated until an IED with an open breaker and an energized bus is reached to cause the IED to close the breaker and restore power to disconnected loads.
- In the illustrated embodiment,
IED 200 may join thepower system 20 betweenIED power system 20. TheIED 200 may be connected toCBs CTs load 210. TheIED 200 may include input ports A 220 andports B 222 to communicably couple the IED to theCBs CTs - The
IED 200 may include one ormore computer processors 224, a computer-readable storage medium 226,input structures 228, adisplay screen 230, and communication ports A 232 andB 234. Thecontrol system IED 200 may include one or more bus(es) 240 connecting theprocessor 224 or processing unit(s) to the computer-readable storage medium 226, theinputs 228, thedisplay 230 and/or thecommunication port A 232 andB 234. The computer-readable storage medium 226 may be embodied as memory, such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), or a combination thereof, and may include or interface with software, hardware, or firmware modules and/or executable instructions for implementing any of the processes of the systems and methods described herein. - The
processor 224 may process inputs received via theA inputs 220 andB inputs 222 and the communication ports A 232 andB 234. Theprocessor 224 may operate using any number of processing rates and architectures. Theprocessor 224 may be configured to perform various algorithms and calculations described herein using computer executable instructions stored on computer-readable storage medium 226. Theprocessor 224 may be embodied as a microprocessor. In certain embodiments, theprocessor 224 and/or the computer-readable storage medium 226 may be embodied as discrete electrical components, a general purpose integrated circuit, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (“ASICs”), a Field Programmable Gate Array (“FPGA”), and/or other programmable logic devices. Theprocessor 224 and/or the computer-readable storage medium 226 may be referred to generally as processing circuitry. - The
IED 200 may include adisplay screen 230 that displays information to notify an operator of operating parameters of thepower system 20, such as power generation, power consumption, current magnitude, circuit breaker status, etc. Theinput structures 228 may include buttons, controls, universal serial bus (USB) ports, or the like, to allow a user to provide input settings to theIED 200. In some embodiments, thedisplay screen 230 may be a touchscreen display. - To monitor the added
load 210 via theIED 200, the connection betweenIED 63 port B andIED 64 port A may be disconnected. The connection betweenport A 232 ofIED 200 and port B ofIED 63 may be established. Further, the connection betweenport B 234 ofIED 200 and port A ofIED 64 may be established. - In some embodiments, IEDs 61-66 and 200 may be substantially identical (e.g., same model, configuration, and settings) and may thus be interchangeable with each other without reconfiguring communication. For example, each of the IEDs 61-66 and 22 may expect to communicate messages to any device connected on ports A and B in which each device communicates according to the processes described in
FIGS. 4 and 5 . -
FIGS. 4-6 are flow charts of control logic that may be used in the fault restoration and isolation scheme described herein. Executable instructions (e.g., code) may be stored in memory of the IEDs 60-67 and 200 to cause the IED 60-67 and 200 to perform the steps described below. AlthoughFIGS. 4-6 are described in conjunction with IEDs 60-64, the processes may apply to any suitable device. Further, although the processes are described separately, in some embodiments, IEDs may be used as end devices, intermediate devices, or both, depending on the number and locations of connections to the device. -
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of aprocess 250 that may be performed by an end device, such asIED IEDs process 250, for example, upon commissioning of theIEDs IED IEDs IED IED 60 may then transmit a blocking signal toIED 61 indicating the detection (block 256). TheIED 60 may receive a blocking signal indicating that theIED 61 detects the fault or other subsequent IEDs detect the fault (block 258). If theIED 60 receives a blocking signal, that indicates that the fault can be isolated byIED 61 or anothersubsequent IED IED 60 does not receive a blocking signal, theIED 60 may determine whether the loop is healthy (block 260). That is, each of the IEDs 60-67 may communicate status with each other to ensure that each IED 60-67 is healthy and communicating. If the loop is not healthy, theIED 60 may disable the alarm (block 262). If the loop is healthy, theIED 60 may receive a trip permissive signal from the connected IED 61 (block 264). For example, ifIED 61 does not detect a fault, theIED 61 may send a trip permissive signal toIED 60 indicating thatIED 60 may proceeding with tripping. BecauseIED 60 detected a fault while the connectedIED 61 did not detect a fault, it may be determined that the fault is located betweenIED 60 andIED 61. TheIED 60 may trip the associatedCB 30 and theIED 61 may trip the associated CB A 31 (block 266), thereby isolating the fault. -
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of aprocess 300 that may be performed by an intermediate device between the two end devices, such as IEDs 61-66. In some embodiments, the same or substantiallysimilar process 300 may be performed by each of the IEDs 61-66 to allow for connecting/disconnecting IEDs 61-66 without reconfiguration. That is, in certain embodiments, the IEDs 61-66 may perform the same routines independent of the location connected onto thepower system 20. For example, IEDs 61-66 may be swapped, disconnected, or reconnected in any order or to monitor any of the loads. Additional devices may be added by adjusting the connections as described with respect toFIG. 3 . Further, the IEDs 61-66 may be bidirectionally configured such that faults detected upstream or downstream operate in the same manner. For example, if a fault is detected onCT 33, theIED 62 may operate with respect toIED 61 using the same process as a fault detected onCT 34. In other embodiments, the devices may be configured individually depending on the application. - The
process 300 may begin by commissioning theIED 62 onto the power system 20 (block 302). TheIED 62 may proceed with monitoring the electrical characteristics, such as current and/or voltage, of thepower line 20. TheIED 61 andother IEDs 60 and 62-67 may continue to loop healthy in which each of the devices communicate status (e.g., a status bit) within the network to ensure that the network is operating(block 304). TheIED 61 may then detect that a fault is present via theCTs CTs IED 61, theIED 62 may perform different processes. If a fault is received on communication port A and no fault is detected (blocks 308 and 310), theIED 62 may send a trip permissive signal via communication port A to cause theIED 61 connected to port A to trip a CB (block 312). Further, theIED 62 may trip the CB A (e.g., CB 33) to isolate the fault from a subsequent restoration of power toloads 51 and 52 from closing CB 37 (block 314). - Similarly, if a signal indicating a fault is received on port B and no fault is detected at
IED 62, it may be determined that the fault is located betweenCB 34 andCB 35 of IED 63 (blocks 316 and 318). TheIED 62 may send a trip permissive signal to the connectedIED 63 on port B indicating thatIED 63 may trip the CB 35 (block 320). Further, theIED 62 may tripCB 34 to isolate the fault (block 322). - When a fault is detected on
CT 33 but not onCT 34, theIED 62 may determine that the fault is located between theCTs IED 62 may trip bothCBs power source 22 and to allow for restoration ofload 52 from subsequently opening CB 37 (block 326). Similarly, when a fault is detected onCB 34 but not onCB 33, theIED 62 may determine that the fault is located betweenCTs 33 and 34 (block 328). For example, this may occur when power is being provided to load 51 frompower source 24 following opening ofCB 37. TheIED 62 may then trip bothCBs - When a faulted is detected on
CT IED 62 may determine that a through fault is present and may transmit a blocking signal to neighboring IEDs indicating that a fault has been detected (blocks 330 and 332). TheIED 62 may then wait to receive a trip permissive signal from the neighboringIEDs IED 61, theIED 62 may trip the associatedCB 33, and when a trip permissive signal is received from neighboringIED 63, theIED 62 may trip the associatedCB 34. If no trip permissive signal is received, theIED 62 may not trip a CB as the fault may be isolated by one or more IEDs closer to the fault. -
FIG. 6 is a set of load restoration processes 400 and 402 that may be performed by theIEDs IED 62 may begin by confirming that theCB 33 is open and that no voltage is present on the power line (e.g., at load 51). TheIED 62 may then transmit a close permissive signal via communication port B to attempt to restore power to load 51. - In
process 402, port A ofIED 63, which is connected to communication port B ofIED 62 may receive a close permissive signal indicating thatIED 63 may close any open CBs to restore power (block 410). TheIED 63 may then determine whetherCBs CBs IED 63 may closeCB 36 to restore power to load 51 (blocks 414 and 416). If theCBs IED 63 may stop the alarm (blocks 418 and 420). If theCBs IED 63 may transmit a close permissive signal, via communication port B, to thesubsequent IED 64. - The
process 402 may then be repeated atIED 64. In the illustrated embodiment ofFIG. 1 , theIED 64 may determine thatCB 37 is open and that the bus is energized (blocks 412 and 414). TheIED 64 may then closeCB 37 to restore power to the disconnected loads 51 and 52. Note thatprocess 402 may be repeated to several IEDs depending upon the implementation. - By communicating blocking signals indicating faults and communicating trip or close permissive signals between IEDs 60-67, the
power system 20 may quickly isolate faults and restore power to available loads. Further, because each device may communicate bidirectionally according to the same or similar processes described inFIGS. 4-6 , IEDs for additional loads may be added or removed from reconnecting communication without reconfiguring the IEDs to communicate. - The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
- The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).
Claims (20)
1. A first power device, comprising:
a first communication port associated with a first current sensor and a first current interruption device;
a second communication port associated with a second current sensor and a second current interruption device;
a memory; and
a processor operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions on the memory to cause operations comprising:
receiving, via the first communication port, a blocking signal indicating a fault is detected on a power line;
obtaining one or more current measurements of the power line;
determining that a fault is not detected on the power line at the first power device based on the one or more current measurements;
tripping the first current interruption device of the first power device; and
sending, via the second communication port, a close permissive signal to a second power device indicating that the second power device is permitted to close a third current interruption device of the second power device in an open state to restore power to one or more loads.
2. The IED of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions on the memory to cause operations comprising:
waiting to confirm that the first current interruption device in fact tripped; and
upon confirming that the first current interruption device in fact tripped, sending the close permissive signal.
3-4. (canceled)
5. The IED of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions on the memory to cause operations comprising sending a feedback signal, via the first communication port, indicating that the current interruption device has tripped.
6. The IED of claim 1 , comprising a first circuit breaker as the current interruption device and a second circuit breaker as the second current interruption device.
7. A system, comprising:
a first current interruption device configured to control current flow on a power line; and
a first intelligent electronic device (IED), comprising:
a memory; and
a processor operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions on the memory to cause operations comprising:
receive, via a first input connected to a second IED, a first close permissive signal indicating that the first IED is permitted to close the current interruption device;
determine that the first current interruption device is open and that a healthy voltage is present on the power line at the first IED; and
close the first current interruption device to restore power to one or more loads of the second IED;
wherein the process stored in the memory of the first IED is identical to the process stored in memory of the second IED to allow for easier connection or disconnection of IEDs, loads, or both from the power system.
8. The system of claim 7 , comprising a second current interruption device, wherein the first current interruption device is associated with a first communication port of the IED and a first current sensor, and wherein the second current interruption device is associated with a second communication port of the first IED and a second current sensor of the IED, wherein the first IED monitors one or more loads between the first and second current sensors.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the second current interruption device is a normally closed circuit breaker.
10. The system of claim 8 , comprising the second IED, wherein the second IED comprises a third communication port associated with a third current interruption device and a fourth communication port associated with a fourth current interruption device, wherein the second IED is configured to:
receive, via the third communication port, a second close permissive signal indicating that a third IED has isolated a fault from the power system;
determine that the third current interruption device and the fourth current interruption device are closed and that a healthy voltage is not present; and
send, via the fourth communication port, the first close permissive signal to the first IED.
11. The system of claim 10 , comprising the third IED, wherein the third IED is configured to:
detect a fault event;
open a fifth current interruption device to isolate the fault from the power system; and send the second close permissive signal to the second IED.
12. (canceled)
13. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first current interruption device is a normally open circuit breaker.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the normally open circuit breaker is between a first power source on a first side and a second power source on a second side.
15. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first IED comprises a voltage transformer configured to monitor voltage of the power line to determine whether the healthy voltage is present.
16-20. (canceled)
21. A system, comprising:
a first current interruption device configured to control current flow on a power line;
a second current interruption device configured to control current flow on the power line; and
a first intelligent electronic device (IED), comprising:
a first current sensor;
a first communication port associated with the first current sensor and the first current interruption device;
a second current sensor;
a second communication port associated with the second current sensor and the second current interruption device, wherein the first IED monitors one or more loads between the first and second current sensors;
a memory; and
a processor operatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions on the memory to cause operations comprising:
receive, via a first input connected to a second IED, a first close permissive signal indicating that the first IED is permitted to close the current interruption device;
determine that the first current interruption device is open and that a healthy voltage is present on the power line at the first IED; and
close the first current interruption device to restore power to one or more loads of the second IED;
the second IED, comprising:
a third communication port associated with a third current interruption device;
a fourth communication port associated with a fourth current interruption device, wherein the second IED is configured to:
receive, via the third communication port, a second close permissive signal indicating that a third IED has isolated a fault from the power system;
receive, via the third communication port, a second close permissive signal indicating that a third IED has isolated a fault from the power system;
determine that the third current interruption device and the fourth current interruption device are closed and that a healthy voltage is not present; and
send, via the fourth communication port, the first close permissive signal to the first IED.
22. The system of claim 21 , comprising the third IED, wherein the third IED is configured to:
detect a fault event;
open a fifth current interruption device to isolate the fault from the power system; and send the second close permissive signal to the second IED.
23. The system of claim 21 , wherein the first current interruption device is a normally open circuit breaker.
24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the normally open circuit breaker is between a first power source on a first side and a second power source on a second side.
25. The system of claim 21 , wherein the first IED comprises a voltage transformer configured to monitor voltage of the power line to determine whether the healthy voltage is present.
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