US20210069668A1 - Structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column and method of assembly - Google Patents
Structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column and method of assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210069668A1 US20210069668A1 US16/953,333 US202016953333A US2021069668A1 US 20210069668 A1 US20210069668 A1 US 20210069668A1 US 202016953333 A US202016953333 A US 202016953333A US 2021069668 A1 US2021069668 A1 US 2021069668A1
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- structured packing
- module
- sheets
- fasteners
- packing module
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- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/008—Liquid distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J19/325—Attachment devices therefor, e.g. hooks, consoles, brackets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
- B01J2219/32217—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets with sheets having corrugations which intersect at an angle of 90 degrees
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
- B01J2219/32244—Essentially circular apertures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32265—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets
- B01J2219/32272—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets relating to blocks in superimposed layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32275—Mounting or joining of the blocks or sheets within the column or vessel
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to columns in which mass transfer and heat exchange occur and, more particularly, to structured packing modules that are used in such columns and a method for assembling the structured packing modules.
- Mass transfer columns are configured to contact at least two fluid streams to provide product streams of specific composition and/or temperature.
- the term “mass transfer column,” as used herein is intended to encompass columns in which mass and/or heat transfer is the primary objective. Some mass transfer columns, such as those utilized in multicomponent distillation and absorption applications, contact a gas-phase stream with a liquid-phase stream, while others, such as extraction columns, may be designed to facilitate contact between two liquid phases of different densities. Oftentimes, mass transfer columns are configured to contact an ascending vapor or liquid stream with a descending liquid stream, usually along multiple mass transfer surfaces disposed within the column. Commonly, these transfer surfaces are defined by structures placed in the interior volume of the column that are configured to facilitate intimate contact between the two fluid phases. Because of these transfer surfaces, the rate and/or degree of mass and heat transferred between the two phases is enhanced.
- Structured packing is commonly used to provide heat and/or mass transfer surfaces within a column.
- Many different types of structured packing exist and most include a plurality of corrugated structured packing sheets that are positioned in an upright, parallel relationship and are joined together to form a structured packing brick or module with fluid passages formed along the crossing corrugations of adjacent sheets.
- Individual ones of the structured packing modules are positioned end-to-end and side-by-side to form a structured packing layer that fills the horizontal cross section of the column.
- Multiple packing layers are normally placed in contact with each other and with the orientation of the structured packing sheets in one layer rotated with respect to the structured packing sheets in adjacent layers.
- Various methods are conventionally used to join together the collection of individual structured packing sheets that form the structured packing module.
- One method involves driving nails through all of the structured packing sheets so that a head of each nail bears against the first structured packing sheet and an end portion of each nail extends beyond the last structured packing sheet. The end portion of each nail is then bent over against the last packing sheet to prevent removal of the nail and to hold the assembled structured packing sheets tightly together.
- the process of bending the end portion of each nail adds an extra step in the assembly process and may exert localized forces on the structured packing sheets that cause them to deform and disrupt the intended interaction of the vapor and liquid flowing through the structured packing module.
- Another method of joining the structured packing sheets together uses screws, which tend to be more expensive than nails and, when overtightened, may cause deformation of the structured packing sheets.
- Electric resistance welding has also been used to join the structured packing sheets together, but this process requires specialized equipment and is more time consuming than simply driving nails or turning screws.
- the present invention is directed to a structured packing module comprising a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module, and fasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module.
- the fasteners may extend at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of the structured packing module or they may extend perpendicularly to the sides of the structured packing module.
- the present invention is directed to a structured packing layer comprising a plurality of the structured packing modules described above that are positioned in end-to-end and side-to-side relationship.
- the present invention is directed to a method of forming the structured packing module comprising assembling the structured packing sheets together in a sequential arrangement in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module, and inserting fasteners into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module.
- the fasteners may be inserted at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of the structured packing module or they may be inserted perpendicularly to the sides of the structured packing module.
- the present invention is directed to a structured packing module comprising a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module, and fasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module and have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a mass transfer column in which a portion of a shell of the column is broken away to show layers of structured packing in the open internal regions within the shell;
- FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a structured packing brick that is held together by fasteners that are inserted through opposite sides of the packing brick;
- FIG. 3 is side perspective view of a portion of the structured packing brick that has been cut in a horizontal plane along one of the fasteners;
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the structured packing brick
- FIG. 5 is a side elevation view showing the fasteners and an outline of the structured packing brick
- FIG. 6 is an end elevation view showing the fasteners and an outline of the structured packing brick
- FIG. 7 is a top fragmental perspective view of the structured packing brick and one of the fasteners and shown on an enlarged scale from that used in FIGS. 2-6 ;
- FIG. 8 is a top plan view of another embodiment of a structured packing brick
- FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of one of the fasteners.
- FIG. 10 is a top fragmental perspective view of the fastener on an enlarged scale from that used in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 11 is a top fragmental perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener.
- the mass transfer column 10 includes an upright, external shell 12 that may be cylindrical in configuration, although other configurations, including polygonal, are possible and are within the scope of the present invention.
- the shell 12 may be of any suitable diameter and height and may be constructed from one or more rigid materials that are desirably inert to, or are otherwise compatible with, the fluids and conditions present during operation of the mass transfer column 10 .
- the mass transfer column 10 may be of a type used for processing fluid streams, typically liquid or vapor streams, to obtain fractionation products or to otherwise cause mass transfer or heat exchange between the fluid streams.
- the mass transfer column 10 may be one in which crude atmospheric, lube vacuum, crude vacuum, fluid or thermal cracking fractionating, coker or visbreaker fractionating, coke scrubbing, reactor off-gas scrubbing, gas quenching, edible oil deodorization, pollution control scrubbing, or other processes occur.
- the shell 12 of the mass transfer column 10 defines an open internal region 14 in which the desired mass transfer or heat exchange between the fluid streams occurs.
- the fluid streams may comprise one or more ascending vapor streams and one or more descending liquid streams.
- the fluid streams may comprise substantially any combination of ascending or descending liquid streams or ascending or descending vapor streams.
- One or more fluid streams may be directed into the mass transfer column 10 through any number of feed lines (not shown) positioned at appropriate locations along the height of the mass transfer column 10 .
- vapor streams may be generated within the mass transfer column 10 rather than being introduced into the mass transfer column 10 through the feed lines.
- One or more fluid streams may be directed out of the mass transfer column 10 through any number of takeoff lines.
- liquid may be introduced through an upper feed line, descend through the mass transfer column 10 , and be removed through a takeoff line, while vapor may be introduced through a lower feed line, ascend through the mass transfer column 10 , and be removed through an upper takeoff line.
- mass transfer column components that would typically be present, such as reflux stream lines, reboilers, condensers, vapor horns, liquid distributors, and the like, are not illustrated in the figures because they are conventional in nature and an illustration of these components is not believed to be necessary for an understanding of the present invention.
- One or more structured packing layers 16 are positioned within the open internal region 14 of the column 10 .
- four packing layers 16 are provided in a stacked relationship, but it is to be understood that more of fewer packing layers 16 may be provided.
- Each of the structured packing layers 16 extends completely across the horizontal, internal cross section of the column 10 and is suitably supported, such as on a support ring (not shown) fixed to the column shell 12 , on an underlying packing layer 17 , or by a grid or other suitable support structure (not shown).
- each packing layer 16 is formed by a plurality of structured packing modules 18 that are, in turn, formed from a plurality of individual structured packing sheets 20 .
- the structured packing sheets 20 in each structured packing module 18 are positioned in an upright, parallel relationship to each other.
- Each of the structured packing sheets 20 is constructed from a suitably rigid material, such as any of various metals, plastics, or ceramics, having sufficient strength and thickness to withstand the processing conditions experienced within the column 10 .
- Each of the structured packing sheets 20 presents a front face and a back face, of which all, or a portion, may be generally smooth and free of surface texturing, or which may include various types of texturing, embossing, grooves, or dimples.
- the structured packing sheets 20 are shown perforated with optional apertures 22 that allow fluid to pass through the individual structured packing sheets 20 .
- the apertures 22 are shown only in some portions of the structured packing sheets 20 for illustration purposes, but it is to be understood that the apertures 22 may normally be placed in all regions of the structured packing sheets 20 .
- the configuration of the surfaces of packing layers 18 and the optional use of the apertures 22 depends on the particular application in which the packing elements 16 are used and may be selected to maximize contact between the ascending and descending fluid streams.
- Each structured packing sheet 20 is also shown as being corrugated with a plurality of parallel corrugations 24 that extend along a portion, or all, of the associated packing layer 18 .
- the corrugations 24 are generally of a triangular or sinusoidal cross section and are formed of alternating peaks and valleys and corrugation sidewalls that extend between adjacent peaks and valleys.
- a valley formed on a front face of the corrugated packing sheet 20 appears as a peak on the opposite or rear face.
- Adjacent ones of the structured packing sheets 20 are arranged with the corrugations 24 in a crisscrossing or cross-corrugated fashion so that the corrugations 24 of each structured packing sheet 20 extend at an oblique angle to the corrugations 24 of each adjacent structured packing sheet 20 .
- each of the corrugations in relation to the vertical axis of the column 10 can be selected for the requirements of particular application for which the structured packing module 18 is intended to be used. Inclination angles of at least 30°, at least 45°, and at least 60°, may be used, as well as other angles suitable to a particular end use for column 10 . Adjacent ones of the structured packing sheets 20 are shown with their corrugations 24 in contact with each other. In other embodiments, some or all of the corrugations 24 in one of the structured packing sheet 20 are spaced from the corrugations 24 in the adjacent structured packing sheets 20 , such as by the use of spacers.
- Each structured packing layer 16 formed by the structured packing modules 18 may normally be stacked directly on the adjacent underlying structured packing layer 16 and may typically be rotated relative to the adjacent packing layer(s) 16 so that the individual structured packing sheets 20 in one of the packing layers 16 are positioned in vertical planes that are rotated to form an angle with respect to the vertical planes defined by the individual packing sheets 20 in the adjacent structured packing layer(s) 16 .
- This angle of rotation is typically 45 or 90 degrees, but can be other angles if desired.
- the overall height of each packing layer 16 can range from about 2 to about 12 inches in one embodiment, but may be varied from that range, depending on the particular application in which the structured packing module 18 is intended to be used.
- the structured packing modules 18 are shown in FIGS. 2-4 as having a six-sided polyhedron shape, i.e., a hexahedron, in the form of a rectangular cuboid. In other embodiments, the structured packing modules 18 may be in other shapes, including cubes and parallelepipeds. Those structured packing modules 18 positioned at an outer perimeter of each structured packing layer 16 may have a curved side so that the outer perimeter of the structured packing layer 16 forms a circle that conforms to the cylindrical shape of the shell 12 of the mass transfer column 10 .
- the structured packing sheets 20 are arranged sequentially with the front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets 20 forming one side of the structured packing module 18 and the rear face of a last one of the assembled structured packing sheets 20 forming the opposite side of the structured packing module 18 .
- the ends of the structured packing sheets 20 form the ends of structured packing module 18 and the top and bottom edges of the structured packing sheets 20 form the top and bottom surfaces of the structured packing module 18 .
- the individual structured packing sheets 20 that are assembled in each of the structured packing modules 18 are held together by fasteners 26 that extend into the structured packing sheets 20 from the opposite sides of the structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 extend at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of the structured packing module 18 .
- the angle of inclination may in one embodiment be in the range of between 30 and 80 degrees. In another embodiment, the angle of inclination may be in the range of between 40 and 70 degrees. Other angles of inclination are possible.
- the fasteners 26 that extend from one side of the structured packing module 18 do not extend to or penetrate the other side of the structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 that extend from the other side of the structured packing module 18 do not extend through the one side of the structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 may each extend through at least 60 percent, at least 75 percent, or at least 95 percent of the number of structured packing sheets 20 in each structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 may extend through the opposite side of the structured packing module 18 , but should not extend through the opposite side to an extent that would interfere with the side-by-side placement of the structured packing modules 18 .
- each of the fasteners 26 that extends from one of the sides of the structured packing module 18 is paired with another one of the fasteners 26 that extends from the opposite side of the structured packing module 18 , with the crossing angle between the fasteners 26 resisting separation of the structured packing sheets 20 within the structured packing module 18 .
- at least two of the pairs of fasteners 26 are positioned at spaced-apart locations in the structured packing module 18 .
- each fastener 26 may comprise various forms.
- each fastener 26 comprises a shank 28 having a head 30 at one end and a pointed opposite end.
- the head 30 may be flattened to provide a broader surface to bear against the structured packing sheet 20 that it contacts.
- the shank 28 may have an outer surface that is smooth or it may include protrusions or raised structures 32 that resist removal of the fastener 26 from the structured packing sheets 20 .
- the raised structures 32 may be of various forms, including the reverse-facing teeth illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 , ring-like structures or helical structures.
- the outer surface of the shank 28 may include grooves 34 as shown in FIG. 11 or other indentations that serve to resist removal of the fasteners 26 from the structured packing sheets 20 .
- the fasteners 26 may extend perpendicularly with respect to the opposite sides of the structured packing module 18 as shown in FIG. 8 , with the raised structures 32 and/or grooves 34 resisting separation of the structured packing sheets 20 within the structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 having the raised structures 32 and/or grooves 34 extend at an angle of inclination from the opposite sides of the structured packing module 18 , in which case both the crossing angle between the pairs of fasteners 26 and the raised structures 32 and/or grooves 34 resist separation of the structured packing sheets 20 in the structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 without the raised structures 32 and/or grooves 34 extend at an angle of inclination from the opposite sides of the structured packing module 18 , and the crossing angle between the pairs of fasteners 26 resists separation of the structured packing sheets 20 in the structured packing module 18 .
- the individual structured packing sheets 20 are assembled together in a sequential arrangement in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, with a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets 20 forming one side of the structured packing module 18 and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets 20 forming the opposite side of the structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 are then inserted into the assembled structured packing sheets 20 from the opposite sides of the structured packing module 18 at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of the structured packing module 18 .
- the fasteners 26 are inserted in one embodiment by exerting a driving force against the head 30 of the fastener 26 .
- the driving force is calibrated to cause the fastener 26 to penetrate through the structured packing sheets 20 to bring the head 30 of the fastener 26 into engagement with the front face of the first one of the structured packing sheets 20 without causing deformation thereof.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates generally to columns in which mass transfer and heat exchange occur and, more particularly, to structured packing modules that are used in such columns and a method for assembling the structured packing modules.
- Mass transfer columns are configured to contact at least two fluid streams to provide product streams of specific composition and/or temperature. The term “mass transfer column,” as used herein is intended to encompass columns in which mass and/or heat transfer is the primary objective. Some mass transfer columns, such as those utilized in multicomponent distillation and absorption applications, contact a gas-phase stream with a liquid-phase stream, while others, such as extraction columns, may be designed to facilitate contact between two liquid phases of different densities. Oftentimes, mass transfer columns are configured to contact an ascending vapor or liquid stream with a descending liquid stream, usually along multiple mass transfer surfaces disposed within the column. Commonly, these transfer surfaces are defined by structures placed in the interior volume of the column that are configured to facilitate intimate contact between the two fluid phases. Because of these transfer surfaces, the rate and/or degree of mass and heat transferred between the two phases is enhanced.
- Structured packing is commonly used to provide heat and/or mass transfer surfaces within a column. Many different types of structured packing exist, and most include a plurality of corrugated structured packing sheets that are positioned in an upright, parallel relationship and are joined together to form a structured packing brick or module with fluid passages formed along the crossing corrugations of adjacent sheets. Individual ones of the structured packing modules are positioned end-to-end and side-by-side to form a structured packing layer that fills the horizontal cross section of the column. Multiple packing layers are normally placed in contact with each other and with the orientation of the structured packing sheets in one layer rotated with respect to the structured packing sheets in adjacent layers.
- Various methods are conventionally used to join together the collection of individual structured packing sheets that form the structured packing module. One method involves driving nails through all of the structured packing sheets so that a head of each nail bears against the first structured packing sheet and an end portion of each nail extends beyond the last structured packing sheet. The end portion of each nail is then bent over against the last packing sheet to prevent removal of the nail and to hold the assembled structured packing sheets tightly together. The process of bending the end portion of each nail adds an extra step in the assembly process and may exert localized forces on the structured packing sheets that cause them to deform and disrupt the intended interaction of the vapor and liquid flowing through the structured packing module. Another method of joining the structured packing sheets together uses screws, which tend to be more expensive than nails and, when overtightened, may cause deformation of the structured packing sheets. Electric resistance welding has also been used to join the structured packing sheets together, but this process requires specialized equipment and is more time consuming than simply driving nails or turning screws.
- A need has thus developed for an improved method of joining together structured packing sheets to form a structured packing module.
- In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a structured packing module comprising a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module, and fasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may extend at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of the structured packing module or they may extend perpendicularly to the sides of the structured packing module.
- In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a structured packing layer comprising a plurality of the structured packing modules described above that are positioned in end-to-end and side-to-side relationship.
- In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of forming the structured packing module comprising assembling the structured packing sheets together in a sequential arrangement in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module, and inserting fasteners into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may be inserted at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of the structured packing module or they may be inserted perpendicularly to the sides of the structured packing module.
- In a still further aspect, the present invention is directed to a structured packing module comprising a plurality of individual structured packing sheets that are arranged sequentially in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, wherein a front face of a first one of the structured packing sheets forms one side of the structured packing module and a rear face of a last one of the structured packing sheets forms the opposite side of the structured packing module, and fasteners that extend into the structured packing sheets from the opposite sides of the structured packing module and have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets.
- In the accompany drawings that form part of the specification and in which like reference numerals are used to indicate like components in the various views:
-
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a mass transfer column in which a portion of a shell of the column is broken away to show layers of structured packing in the open internal regions within the shell; -
FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a structured packing brick that is held together by fasteners that are inserted through opposite sides of the packing brick; -
FIG. 3 is side perspective view of a portion of the structured packing brick that has been cut in a horizontal plane along one of the fasteners; -
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the structured packing brick; -
FIG. 5 is a side elevation view showing the fasteners and an outline of the structured packing brick; -
FIG. 6 is an end elevation view showing the fasteners and an outline of the structured packing brick; -
FIG. 7 is a top fragmental perspective view of the structured packing brick and one of the fasteners and shown on an enlarged scale from that used inFIGS. 2-6 ; -
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of another embodiment of a structured packing brick; -
FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of one of the fasteners; -
FIG. 10 is a top fragmental perspective view of the fastener on an enlarged scale from that used inFIG. 9 ; and -
FIG. 11 is a top fragmental perspective view of another embodiment of a fastener. - Turning now to the drawings in greater detail and initially to
FIG. 1 , a mass transfer column suitable for use in mass transfer or heat exchange processes is represented generally by thenumeral 10. Themass transfer column 10 includes an upright,external shell 12 that may be cylindrical in configuration, although other configurations, including polygonal, are possible and are within the scope of the present invention. Theshell 12 may be of any suitable diameter and height and may be constructed from one or more rigid materials that are desirably inert to, or are otherwise compatible with, the fluids and conditions present during operation of themass transfer column 10. - The
mass transfer column 10 may be of a type used for processing fluid streams, typically liquid or vapor streams, to obtain fractionation products or to otherwise cause mass transfer or heat exchange between the fluid streams. For example, themass transfer column 10 may be one in which crude atmospheric, lube vacuum, crude vacuum, fluid or thermal cracking fractionating, coker or visbreaker fractionating, coke scrubbing, reactor off-gas scrubbing, gas quenching, edible oil deodorization, pollution control scrubbing, or other processes occur. - The
shell 12 of themass transfer column 10 defines an openinternal region 14 in which the desired mass transfer or heat exchange between the fluid streams occurs. In one implementation, the fluid streams may comprise one or more ascending vapor streams and one or more descending liquid streams. In other implementations, the fluid streams may comprise substantially any combination of ascending or descending liquid streams or ascending or descending vapor streams. - One or more fluid streams may be directed into the
mass transfer column 10 through any number of feed lines (not shown) positioned at appropriate locations along the height of themass transfer column 10. In one implementation, vapor streams may be generated within themass transfer column 10 rather than being introduced into themass transfer column 10 through the feed lines. One or more fluid streams may be directed out of themass transfer column 10 through any number of takeoff lines. In one implementation, liquid may be introduced through an upper feed line, descend through themass transfer column 10, and be removed through a takeoff line, while vapor may be introduced through a lower feed line, ascend through themass transfer column 10, and be removed through an upper takeoff line. - Other mass transfer column components that would typically be present, such as reflux stream lines, reboilers, condensers, vapor horns, liquid distributors, and the like, are not illustrated in the figures because they are conventional in nature and an illustration of these components is not believed to be necessary for an understanding of the present invention.
- One or more
structured packing layers 16 are positioned within the openinternal region 14 of thecolumn 10. In the illustrated embodiment, fourpacking layers 16 are provided in a stacked relationship, but it is to be understood that more offewer packing layers 16 may be provided. Each of thestructured packing layers 16 extends completely across the horizontal, internal cross section of thecolumn 10 and is suitably supported, such as on a support ring (not shown) fixed to thecolumn shell 12, on an underlying packing layer 17, or by a grid or other suitable support structure (not shown). - Turning additionally to
FIGS. 2-4 , eachpacking layer 16 is formed by a plurality of structuredpacking modules 18 that are, in turn, formed from a plurality of individual structuredpacking sheets 20. The structuredpacking sheets 20 in each structuredpacking module 18 are positioned in an upright, parallel relationship to each other. Each of thestructured packing sheets 20 is constructed from a suitably rigid material, such as any of various metals, plastics, or ceramics, having sufficient strength and thickness to withstand the processing conditions experienced within thecolumn 10. Each of thestructured packing sheets 20 presents a front face and a back face, of which all, or a portion, may be generally smooth and free of surface texturing, or which may include various types of texturing, embossing, grooves, or dimples. In the illustrated embodiment, thestructured packing sheets 20 are shown perforated withoptional apertures 22 that allow fluid to pass through the individual structuredpacking sheets 20. In the drawings, theapertures 22 are shown only in some portions of the structuredpacking sheets 20 for illustration purposes, but it is to be understood that theapertures 22 may normally be placed in all regions of thestructured packing sheets 20. The configuration of the surfaces ofpacking layers 18 and the optional use of theapertures 22 depends on the particular application in which thepacking elements 16 are used and may be selected to maximize contact between the ascending and descending fluid streams. - Each structured
packing sheet 20 is also shown as being corrugated with a plurality ofparallel corrugations 24 that extend along a portion, or all, of the associatedpacking layer 18. Thecorrugations 24 are generally of a triangular or sinusoidal cross section and are formed of alternating peaks and valleys and corrugation sidewalls that extend between adjacent peaks and valleys. A valley formed on a front face of thecorrugated packing sheet 20 appears as a peak on the opposite or rear face. Adjacent ones of thestructured packing sheets 20 are arranged with thecorrugations 24 in a crisscrossing or cross-corrugated fashion so that thecorrugations 24 of eachstructured packing sheet 20 extend at an oblique angle to thecorrugations 24 of each adjacentstructured packing sheet 20. The angle of inclination of each of the corrugations in relation to the vertical axis of thecolumn 10 can be selected for the requirements of particular application for which the structuredpacking module 18 is intended to be used. Inclination angles of at least 30°, at least 45°, and at least 60°, may be used, as well as other angles suitable to a particular end use forcolumn 10. Adjacent ones of thestructured packing sheets 20 are shown with theircorrugations 24 in contact with each other. In other embodiments, some or all of thecorrugations 24 in one of thestructured packing sheet 20 are spaced from thecorrugations 24 in the adjacentstructured packing sheets 20, such as by the use of spacers. - Each
structured packing layer 16 formed by the structuredpacking modules 18 may normally be stacked directly on the adjacent underlying structuredpacking layer 16 and may typically be rotated relative to the adjacent packing layer(s) 16 so that the individualstructured packing sheets 20 in one of the packing layers 16 are positioned in vertical planes that are rotated to form an angle with respect to the vertical planes defined by theindividual packing sheets 20 in the adjacent structured packing layer(s) 16. This angle of rotation is typically 45 or 90 degrees, but can be other angles if desired. The overall height of eachpacking layer 16 can range from about 2 to about 12 inches in one embodiment, but may be varied from that range, depending on the particular application in which the structuredpacking module 18 is intended to be used. - The
structured packing modules 18 are shown inFIGS. 2-4 as having a six-sided polyhedron shape, i.e., a hexahedron, in the form of a rectangular cuboid. In other embodiments, thestructured packing modules 18 may be in other shapes, including cubes and parallelepipeds. Those structuredpacking modules 18 positioned at an outer perimeter of eachstructured packing layer 16 may have a curved side so that the outer perimeter of the structuredpacking layer 16 forms a circle that conforms to the cylindrical shape of theshell 12 of themass transfer column 10. From one perspective, thestructured packing sheets 20 are arranged sequentially with the front face of a first one of thestructured packing sheets 20 forming one side of thestructured packing module 18 and the rear face of a last one of the assembledstructured packing sheets 20 forming the opposite side of thestructured packing module 18. The ends of thestructured packing sheets 20 form the ends ofstructured packing module 18 and the top and bottom edges of thestructured packing sheets 20 form the top and bottom surfaces of thestructured packing module 18. - The individual
structured packing sheets 20 that are assembled in each of the structuredpacking modules 18 are held together byfasteners 26 that extend into thestructured packing sheets 20 from the opposite sides of thestructured packing module 18. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, thefasteners 26 extend at an angle of inclination with respect to the sides of thestructured packing module 18. The angle of inclination may in one embodiment be in the range of between 30 and 80 degrees. In another embodiment, the angle of inclination may be in the range of between 40 and 70 degrees. Other angles of inclination are possible. - In one embodiment, the
fasteners 26 that extend from one side of thestructured packing module 18 do not extend to or penetrate the other side of thestructured packing module 18. Likewise, thefasteners 26 that extend from the other side of thestructured packing module 18 do not extend through the one side of thestructured packing module 18. Thefasteners 26 may each extend through at least 60 percent, at least 75 percent, or at least 95 percent of the number ofstructured packing sheets 20 in eachstructured packing module 18. In other embodiments, thefasteners 26 may extend through the opposite side of thestructured packing module 18, but should not extend through the opposite side to an extent that would interfere with the side-by-side placement of the structuredpacking modules 18. - As can best be seen in
FIGS. 2, 5 and 6 , each of thefasteners 26 that extends from one of the sides of thestructured packing module 18 is paired with another one of thefasteners 26 that extends from the opposite side of thestructured packing module 18, with the crossing angle between thefasteners 26 resisting separation of thestructured packing sheets 20 within the structuredpacking module 18. Normally, at least two of the pairs offasteners 26 are positioned at spaced-apart locations in thestructured packing module 18. - The
fasteners 26 may comprise various forms. In the illustrated embodiment shown inFIGS. 9-11 , eachfastener 26 comprises ashank 28 having ahead 30 at one end and a pointed opposite end. Thehead 30 may be flattened to provide a broader surface to bear against thestructured packing sheet 20 that it contacts. Theshank 28 may have an outer surface that is smooth or it may include protrusions or raisedstructures 32 that resist removal of thefastener 26 from thestructured packing sheets 20. The raisedstructures 32 may be of various forms, including the reverse-facing teeth illustrated inFIGS. 9 and 10 , ring-like structures or helical structures. In another embodiment, the outer surface of theshank 28 may includegrooves 34 as shown inFIG. 11 or other indentations that serve to resist removal of thefasteners 26 from thestructured packing sheets 20. - When the
shanks 28 of thefasteners 26 include the raisedstructures 32 and/orgrooves 34, thefasteners 26 may extend perpendicularly with respect to the opposite sides of thestructured packing module 18 as shown inFIG. 8 , with the raisedstructures 32 and/orgrooves 34 resisting separation of thestructured packing sheets 20 within the structuredpacking module 18. In another embodiment as shown inFIGS. 2-7 , thefasteners 26 having the raisedstructures 32 and/orgrooves 34 extend at an angle of inclination from the opposite sides of thestructured packing module 18, in which case both the crossing angle between the pairs offasteners 26 and the raisedstructures 32 and/orgrooves 34 resist separation of thestructured packing sheets 20 in thestructured packing module 18. In a still further embodiment, thefasteners 26 without the raisedstructures 32 and/orgrooves 34 extend at an angle of inclination from the opposite sides of thestructured packing module 18, and the crossing angle between the pairs offasteners 26 resists separation of thestructured packing sheets 20 in thestructured packing module 18. - In a method of forming the
structured packing module 18, the individualstructured packing sheets 20 are assembled together in a sequential arrangement in an upright, parallel relationship to each other, with a front face of a first one of thestructured packing sheets 20 forming one side of thestructured packing module 18 and a rear face of a last one of thestructured packing sheets 20 forming the opposite side of thestructured packing module 18. Thefasteners 26 are then inserted into the assembledstructured packing sheets 20 from the opposite sides of thestructured packing module 18 at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of thestructured packing module 18. Thefasteners 26 are inserted in one embodiment by exerting a driving force against thehead 30 of thefastener 26. The driving force is calibrated to cause thefastener 26 to penetrate through thestructured packing sheets 20 to bring thehead 30 of thefastener 26 into engagement with the front face of the first one of thestructured packing sheets 20 without causing deformation thereof. - From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all the ends and objectives hereinabove set forth together with other advantages that are inherent to the structure.
- It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the invention.
- Since many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
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US16/953,333 US20210069668A1 (en) | 2018-01-08 | 2020-11-20 | Structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column and method of assembly |
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US201862614750P | 2018-01-08 | 2018-01-08 | |
US16/225,807 US11369940B2 (en) | 2018-01-08 | 2018-12-19 | Structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column and method of assembly |
US16/953,333 US20210069668A1 (en) | 2018-01-08 | 2020-11-20 | Structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column and method of assembly |
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US16/225,807 Division US11369940B2 (en) | 2018-01-08 | 2018-12-19 | Structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column and method of assembly |
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US16/953,333 Pending US20210069668A1 (en) | 2018-01-08 | 2020-11-20 | Structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column and method of assembly |
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WO2017153057A1 (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus and method for installing a packing disk of a structured packing into a vessel of a material-exchange column |
US20210381771A1 (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-12-09 | Brentwood Industries, Inc. | Drift eliminator and method of making |
CN114130053B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-11-22 | 中轻化工绍兴有限公司 | High-efficient neutralization steam stripping device of no gel zone class high concentration sulfonated product |
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CN111526930B (en) | 2023-01-31 |
KR20200102451A (en) | 2020-08-31 |
MX2020007339A (en) | 2020-09-03 |
US20190210000A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
RU2020124208A (en) | 2022-02-10 |
CA3087653A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
ES2930328T3 (en) | 2022-12-12 |
CN111526930A (en) | 2020-08-11 |
JP7317021B2 (en) | 2023-07-28 |
WO2019135139A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
JP2021509359A (en) | 2021-03-25 |
EP3737483B1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
EP3737483A1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
RU2020124208A3 (en) | 2022-04-15 |
US11369940B2 (en) | 2022-06-28 |
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