US20200375957A1 - Compositions and method for treating depression - Google Patents

Compositions and method for treating depression Download PDF

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US20200375957A1
US20200375957A1 US16/607,252 US201816607252A US2020375957A1 US 20200375957 A1 US20200375957 A1 US 20200375957A1 US 201816607252 A US201816607252 A US 201816607252A US 2020375957 A1 US2020375957 A1 US 2020375957A1
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pramipexole
pharmaceutically acceptable
antagonist
acceptable salt
unit form
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Thomas N. Chase
Kathleen E. Clarence-Smith
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Chase Therapeutics Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/46—8-Azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane; Derivatives thereof, e.g. atropine, cocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/473—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. acridines, phenanthridines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/538—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the field of the treatment of depression.
  • the present invention concerns pharmaceutical combinations, including fixed-dose combinations, comprising a 5HT3-antagonist and an effective pramipexole dose, for the treatment of major depressive disorders.
  • MDD Major depressive disorder
  • depression also referred to as depression or clinical depression
  • depression is a common but serious mood disorder associated with a significant burden, affecting around 16% of the population in the US in their lifetime (reviewed in de Sousa et al, 2015).
  • Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the U.S. Current research suggests that depression is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors.
  • the estimated costs of MDD are around 83 billion US Dollars annually, due to many psychosocial factors including loss of workdays (reviewed in de Sousa et al, 2015). Estimates are that on average a depressed person loses 27.2 workdays per year (reviewed in de Sousa et al, 2015). A significant part of the burden corresponds to unsuccessful treatments. Remission of depressive symptoms is achieved in only one-third of the MDD patients after the first antidepressant trial (reviewed in de Sousa et al, 2015), and unsuccessful treatments contribute substantially to the observed suffering and social costs of MDD.
  • Signs and symptoms of depression typically consist of the following: persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood; feelings of hopelessness or pessimism; irritability; feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness; loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities; decreased energy or fatigue; moving or talking more slowly; feeling restless or having trouble sitting still; difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions; difficulty sleeping, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping; appetite and/or weight changes; thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts; aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems without a clear physical cause and/or that do not ease even with treatment (NIMH, Health and Education, Mental Health Information as posted on the NIMH Web Site). Not everyone who is depressed experiences every symptom. Some people experience only a few symptoms while others may experience many. For a diagnosis of depression, signs and symptoms have to be present most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks (DSM-5).
  • Depression can happen at any age (NIMH, Health and Education, Mental Health Information as posted on the NIMH Web Sit), but often begins in adulthood. Depression is now recognized as occurring in children and adolescents, although it sometimes presents with more prominent irritability than low mood. Depression, especially in midlife or older adults, can co-occur with other serious medical illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and Parkinson's disease. Risk factors include: personal or family history of depression; major life changes, trauma, or stress; certain physical illnesses and medications.
  • NIMH NIMH, Health and Education, Mental Health Information as posted on the NIMH Web Sit
  • Persistent depressive disorder also called dysthymia
  • dysthymia is a depressed mood that lasts for at least two years.
  • a person diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder may have episodes of major depression along with periods of less severe symptoms, but symptoms must last for two years to be considered persistent depressive disorder.
  • Perinatal depression is much more serious than the “baby blues” (relatively mild depressive and anxiety symptoms that typically clear within two weeks after delivery) that many women experience after giving birth. Women with perinatal depression experience full-blown major depression during pregnancy or after delivery (postpartum depression). The feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion that accompany perinatal depression may make it difficult for these new mothers to complete daily care activities for themselves and/or for their babies.
  • Psychotic depression occurs when a person has severe depression plus some form of psychosis, such as having disturbing false fixed beliefs (delusions) or hearing or seeing upsetting things that others cannot hear or see (hallucinations).
  • the psychotic symptoms typically have a depressive “theme,” such as delusions of guilt, poverty, or illness.
  • Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by the onset of depression during the winter months, when there is less natural sunlight. This depression generally lifts during spring and summer. Winter depression, typically accompanied by social withdrawal, increased sleep, and weight gain, predictably returns every year in seasonal affective disorder.
  • Mood dysregulation disorder (diagnosed in children and adolescents; DSM-5).
  • PMDD Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
  • Bipolar Disorder is different from depression, but it is included in this list since patients with bipolar disorder experience episodes of extremely low moods that meet the criteria for major depression (called “bipolar depression”). Bipolar disorder is a persistent, episodic and debilitating condition with an estimated lifetime prevalence of over 2.0%, including both types I (with mania) and II (with hypomania) (reviewed in Poon et al, 2015).
  • Bipolar disorder is associated with recurring episodes of mania, hypomania, mixed manic depressive states, or psychosis, as well as prominent major depression and dysthymia, as well as prevalent anxiety symptoms all leading to high risks of potentially severe functional impairment, substance abuse, and high rates of suicide, accidents, and increased mortality from co-occurring medical illnesses—all despite use of available pharmacological and psychosocial treatments (Poon et al, 2015).
  • the depressive components of the disorder have been especially difficult to treat successfully and they account for three-quarters of the nearly 50% of weeks of follow-up with treatment that include clinically significant residual morbidity (reviewed in Poon et al, 2015).
  • mood disorders encompassed within the term “depression” include Alzheimer's disease with depressed mood, depressed mood in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body disease, and other dementias, post-stroke depression, schizoaffective disorders, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and drug- and alcohol-induced depressed mood.
  • Depression is usually initially treated with medications and psychotherapy. If the treatments do not reduce symptoms, electroconvulsive therapy and other brain stimulation therapies may help. Medications include the following (Mayo Clinic):
  • SSRIs serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • SSRIs serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • SNRIs Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
  • SNRIs Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
  • duloxetine Cymbalta
  • venlafaxine Effexor XR
  • desvenlafaxine Pristiq, Khedezla
  • levomilnacipran Fetzima
  • Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors such as bupropion (Wellbutrin, Aplenzin, Forfivo XL).
  • Atypical antidepressants such as trazodone and mirtazapine (Remeron), vortioxetine (Brintellix), and vilazodone (Viibryd).
  • Tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), amitriptyline, doxepin, trimipramine (Surmontil), desipramine (Norpramin) and protriptyline (Vivactil).
  • MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  • tranylcypromine Parnate
  • phenelzine Nardil
  • isocarboxazid Marplan
  • MAOIs are usually not first line antidepressant therapy, because they can have serious interactions with certain foods and some medications including birth control pills, decongestants and certain herbal supplements. Selegiline TTS (Emsam), a newer MAOI, may cause fewer side effects than other MAOIs.
  • (S)-6-propyl amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2-amine is a synthetic aminothiazole derivative, described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,812, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. It is a dopamine autoreceptor agonist (Schneider and Mierau 1987) that is approved for the “treatment of signs and symptoms of early Parkinson's disease” (herein below referred to as “symptomatic treatment of PD”), in doses ranging from 0.375 mg/day to 4.5 mg/day, given in 3 equally divided doses (Mirapex® Prescribing Information, July 2016).
  • Pramipexole is supplied in tablets for immediate release containing 0.125 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 1.5 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate; and in tablets for extended release containing 0.375 mg, 0.75 mg, 1.5 mg, 3 mg and 4.5 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate. It is structurally distinct from the ergot-derived drugs (ergoline class, e.g., bromocriptine and pergolide). Pramipexole is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist that is also pharmacologically unique in that it is a full agonist and has receptor selectivity for the dopamine D3 receptor subtype of the D2 subfamily of receptors. These properties may confer advantages in terms of both efficacy (full agonist with potential for greater therapeutic effects) and safety (receptor selectivity may reduce unwanted side effects) compared to currently available dopamine agonists [Piercey, 1998].
  • Pramipexole was also found to be effective in the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with PD, albeit with a small effect size.
  • a 12-week, double-blind, placebo controlled trial in 296 PD patients was conducted with pramipexole (0.125 to 1.0 mg/kg).
  • the primary endpoint was the Beck Depression Inventory scale (BDI).
  • Results showed that BDI scores decreased by an adjusted 5.9 (SE 0.5) in the pramipexole group, and 4.0 (SE 0.5) in the placebo group.
  • SE 0.5 Beck Depression Inventory scale
  • a total of 174 eligible patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of major depression were assigned to one of five treatment groups: placebo group, fluoxetine group (20 mg/day), or one of three pramipexole groups (0.375 mg/day; 1 mg/day; 5 mg/day).
  • Efficacy was measured primarily by the change from baseline in the HAM-D (17-item version) total score, MADRS total score, and the CGI-Severity of Illness (SI) score.
  • results showed that the majority of patients in each treatment group completed the study (66-86%), with the exception of the pramipexole 5.0 mg group (45.4%).
  • the pramipexole 5.0 mg group 57.6% of patients discontinued treatment prematurely, mainly because of adverse events (AEs), 76% of patients reported nausea, and 39% reported vomiting.
  • the pramipexole 5.0 mg group had the best improvement at week 8 ( ⁇ 15.00), but p values were not available for this test against placebo because of the high drop-out rate.
  • the present inventors in a different therapeutic context, disclosed the ability to increase the doses of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor by combining said acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with an antiemetic agent, including 5HT3-antagonists, in US 2011/0071135.
  • This document enumerates a series of disorders that may be treated with a 5HT3-antagonist: emesis, migraine, substance abuse and addiction, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders (including depression), gastrointestinal disorders, immunological disorders, atherosclerosis and inflammation.
  • the document also discloses the possible combination of said 5HT3-antagonists with six classes of neuroleptic agents and with a great number of active agents including pramipexole. This document neither mentions nor suggests any possible combination with pramipexole for the treatment of a MDD.
  • pramipexole remains practically inactive in the treatment of depression.
  • the present invention relates to increasing the therapeutic window for pramipexole, for the treatment of depressive disorders such as MDD to safely enable its full antidepressant efficacy.
  • the present invention relates to a combination of pramipexole with a 5HT3-antagonist to increase the therapeutic window for pramipexole.
  • pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate its combination with said 5HT3-antagonist allows the administration of a therapeutically effective dose of said pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate that, in many patients, significantly exceeds the aforementioned maximum recommended dose (4.5 mg/day) of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate for the treatment of the symptoms of PD, thus increasing its efficacy in the treatment of a patient suffering from a MDD.
  • pramipexole daily doses equivalent to from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from more than 6 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate provide safe treatment for patients suffering from MDD.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical combination comprising
  • the present invention provides the use of (or a method using) a 5HT3-antagonist for enabling the full antidepressant efficacy of pramipexole in the treatment of MDD.
  • the invention provides a 5HT3-antagonist, for use in the treatment of a MDD, in combination with an effective daily dose of pramipexole.
  • Said effective pramipexole daily dose may be higher, and even much higher than the maximum daily dose recommended in the treatment of PD.
  • the invention also provides a method for treating a patient suffering from a major depressive disorder, which comprises treating said patient with a 5HT3-antagonist, in combination with an effective daily dose of pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • Said effective daily dose in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate
  • the method provides the safe administration of a 5HT3-antagonist in combination with pramipexole daily doses (in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate) of from 0.375 mg to 45 mg.
  • said daily dose is gradually increased to a dose regiment of from 3 mg to 45 mg, preferably from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from more than 4.5 mg to 20 mg, from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg, or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg.
  • the invention provides a method (or the use of said 5HT3-antagonist) for treating a patient suffering from a major depressive disorder, which comprises treating said patient with said 5HT3-antagonist, in combination with a pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof at a daily dose equivalent to from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • said pramipexole daily dose depending on the degree of gravity of the illness and the age and condition of the patient, will be equivalent to from 5 mg to 20 mg from more than 6 mg to 20 mg, or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • the invention provides the use of said 5HT3-antagonist for the preparation of a medicament consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, for preventing or curing the AEs of pramipexole or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof in the treatment of MDD, and also, principally, for administering said pramipexole to a patient suffering from MDD at doses higher, and even much higher than the maximum recommended doses approved for the treatment of PD, thus increasing the pramipexole efficacy in combating MDD.
  • the invention provides the use of a 5HT3-antagonist for the preparation of a medicament consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, for the treatment of a MDD in combination with an effective daily dose of pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the invention provides the use of a 5HT3-antagonist for the manufacture of a medicament for the safe treatment of a MDD, in combination with pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof at a daily dose (in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate) that can significantly and safely exceed the maximum dose of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate recommended for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.
  • said daily dose in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate is from 0.375 mg to 45 mg, in particular from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist and said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof are each formulated in a pharmaceutical composition in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle and separately administered, concurrently or sequentially, to the patient in need of treatment with said combination, in particular to a patient suffering from a MDD.
  • said compositions are in dosage unit form.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist and said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof are mixed together and formulated in a pharmaceutical composition (fixed-dose combination), in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, to be administered to the patient suffering from a MDD, in need of said treatment.
  • a pharmaceutical composition fixed-dose combination
  • a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle to be administered to the patient suffering from a MDD, in need of said treatment.
  • said compositions are in dosage unit form.
  • a 5HT3-antagonist indicated for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting or of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may preferably be used in combination with a dose of pramipexole that is generally currently used for treating PD, or with a higher, and even much higher dose.
  • the use of this combination significantly improves the conditions of patients suffering from a MDD by concurrently mitigating or even eliminating the pramipexole adverse effects, otherwise intolerable when using said pramipexole alone.
  • said 5HT3-antagonists used are those shown to be effective in or approved for the prevention or treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting or for the prevention of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
  • 5HT3 receptor inhibitors known to block nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, have been shown, in particular when administered at high doses, to also block the gastro-intestinal side effects of pramipexole without affecting its efficacy in treating said MDD.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical fixed-dose combination consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dose/unit form of a 5HT3-antagonist, as Component (a) and an effective dose/unit form of pramipexole, as Component (b), in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • Component (a) is present in said composition in an amount per unit form of from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg; and Component (b) is present in said composition in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 0.125 mg to 45 mg, normally from 0.125 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • the dose per unit form of pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate will normally be in a range selected from the group consisting of from 1.5 mg to 20 mg, from 1.625 mg to 20 mg, from 3 mg to 20 mg, from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg and from 6.5 mg to 20 mg.
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical combination comprising a 5HT3-antagonist, preferably shown effective or indicated for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting or of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, for use for the treatment of MDD in combination with pramipexole; and to the use of a pharmaceutical combination comprising said 5HT3-antagonist and pramipexole, for the preparation of a medicament for treatment of MDD comprising an effective dose per unit form of pramipexole.
  • Said effective dose may be higher, and even much higher than the pramipexole maximum daily dose recommended in the treatment of PD.
  • the invention concerns, according to its aspects,
  • the invention also provides the use of said 5HT3-antagonist for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of MDD in a fixed-dose combination consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising said 5HT3-antagonist and said pramipexole.
  • any of the 5HT3-antagonists especially those shown effective or indicated for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting or of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may be used in combination with a dose of pramipexole that is generally currently used for treating PD, or with a higher and even much higher dose.
  • said 5HT3-antagonists used are those approved for preventing nausea and vomiting following cancer chemotherapy.
  • a useful 5HT3-antagonist is selected from the group consisting of 5-methyl-2-[(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3]indol-1-one (alosetron) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, especially its hydrochloride, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,800; ( ⁇ )-6-chloro,3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-oxo-N-(quinuclidinyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxamide (azasetron) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, especially its hydrochloride, disclosed in U.S. Pat.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist is selected from the group consisting of azasetron and pharmaceutically salts and solvates thereof, dolasetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, granisetron and pharmaceutically salts and solvates thereof, ondansetron and pharmaceutically salts and solvates thereof, palonosetron and pharmaceutically salts and solvates thereof, ramosetron, and pharmaceutically salts and solvates thereof and tropisetron and pharmaceutically salts and solvates thereof.
  • Illustrative examples of salts of said 5HT3-antagonists and of said pramipexole include acid addition salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like or with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, carbonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like.
  • the solvation agent is generally water.
  • Antagonists of the 5HT3 receptor available for the prevention or treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting or for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are particularly useful according to the present invention.
  • azasetron hydrochloride commercially available in 10 mg tablet, and in mg vials for intravenous injection
  • dolasetron monomethanesulfonate monohydrate also referred to as dolasetron mesylate
  • granisetron hydrochloride commercially available in 2.24 mg maximal dose tablet
  • ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate commercially available in 10 mg maximal dose tablet and in a 2 mg/ml (in ondansetron base) solution available as a 20 ml multidose vial
  • palonosetron hydrochloride commercially available in 0.28 mg/5 mL injection and 0.56 mg capsule and in 0.075 mg/1.5 ml or 0.25 mg/5 ml (in palonosetron base) vial
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is used in a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 5HT3-antagonist in an amount per unit form of from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, and is administered, in combination with a pramipexole daily dose equivalent to from 0.375 mg to 45 mg, normally from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, to a patient suffering from a MDD.
  • an oral pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention to be chronically administered in combination with pramipexole may comprise a 5HT3-antagonist selected from the group consisting of azasetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 5 mg to 10 mg of azasetron hydrochloride, to be administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 15 mg to 40 mg of azasetron hydrochloride; dolasetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 25 mg to 200 mg of dolasetron mesylate, to be administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 75 mg to 200 mg of dolasetron mesylate; granisetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 0.5 mg to 2 mg granisetron base, to be administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 1.5 mg to 8 mg of granisetron base; ondansetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates
  • said 5HT3-antagonist is selected from the group consisting of azasetron hydrochloride, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 5 mg to 10 mg to be administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 15 mg to 40 mg of azasetron hydrochloride; dolasetron mesylate, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 25 mg to 200 mg of dolasetron mesylate, to be administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 75 mg to 200 mg; granisetron hydrochloride, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 0.5 mg to 2 mg granisetron base, to be administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 1.5 mg to 16 mg, normally of from 2 mg to 8 mg; ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate, in an amount equivalent to from 0.5 mg to 32 mg, normally from 2 mg to 32 mg, from 2 mg to 16 mg or from 2 mg to 8 mg ondansetron base, to be administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 6 mg to 64 mg, normally from 6 to 32 mg of ondan
  • This composition is destined to be administered to a patient suffering from a MDD, in combination with a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in an amount per unit form in a range equivalent to from 0.125 to 45 mg, preferably from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from 3 mg to 20 mg, preferably from more than 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • the pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising said 5HT3-antagonist as described above may contain another active ingredient, in particular pramipexole, co-formulated with said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle in a fixed-dose combination.
  • the beneficial action of the 5HT3-antagonist counteracting the adverse effects of pramipexole in patients suffering from a MDD, allows for the safe administration of pramipexole daily doses otherwise not tolerable in most of said patients even within the currently approved dose-range (from 0.375 mg to 4.5 mg per day) of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • a 5HT3-antagonist especially selected among those shown effective or approved for the prevention or treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting or for the prevention of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, renders it possible to safely treat said patients with daily doses of pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof equivalent to from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride dihydrate.
  • salts of pramipexole are those with inorganic or organic acids such as, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, phenylacetic acid, glutamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic (isethionic) acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-amino-benzenesulfonic (sulfanilic) acid, 2,6-naphthalenedisul, 2,
  • pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is formulated in a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising an effective dose per unit form of said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • Said active ingredient is formulated according to known technologies for any administration route.
  • pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate commercially available, stable pharmaceutical compositions comprising pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, disclosed in WO 2012/0140604 and in WO 2008/122638; and sustained release compositions comprising pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,399,016; may be useful for the use in combination with a 5HT3-antagonist for the treatment of a MDD.
  • the contents of these documents are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
  • the dose per unit form of pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is equivalent to a range selected from the group consisting of from 0.125 mg to 45 mg, from 3 mg to 45 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg and from 6.5 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • said dose per unit form is equivalent to a range selected from the group consisting of from 0.125 mg to 20 mg, from 1.6 mg to 20 mg, from 3 mg to 20 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 20 mg, from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg and from 6.5 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • the dose of pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof per IR-unit form will preferably be equivalent to a range selected from the group consisting of from 0.125 mg to 22.5 mg, from 3 mg to 22.5 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 22.5 mg, from more than 6 mg to 22.5 mg and from 6.5 mg to 22.5 mg, normally in a range selected from the group consisting of from 0.125 mg to 10 mg, from 1.5 mg to 10 mg, from 1.625 mg to 10 mg, from 3 mg to 10 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 10 mg, from 5 mg to 10 mg, from more than 6 mg to 10 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 10 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, depending on safety and tolerability (in combination with the 5HT3-antagonist).
  • the dose per unit form of pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in an ER formulation will range from an amount per unit form that is equivalent to a range selected from the group consisting of from 0.375 mg to 45 mg, from 1.5 mg to 45 mg, from 3 mg to 45 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg and from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, normally equivalent to a range selected from the group consisting of from 0.375 mg to 45 mg, from 1.5 to 20 mg, from 3 mg to 20 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 20 mg, from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, depending on the tolerability (in combination with said 5HT3-antagonist).
  • the above pramipexole doses per unit form include low doses that can be used especially in the case of the initial titration of the pramipexole daily dose or in the less frequent case of the use in the treatment of pediatric depressed patients.
  • the dose per unit form in ondansetron base
  • the dose per unit form will range from 8 mg to 32 mg.
  • the dose per unit form (in dolasetron mesylate) in combination with pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, at the above doses/unit form will range from 1.5 mg to 200 mg.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical combination comprising
  • the embodiments of the present invention include
  • a 5HT3-antagonist for use for the treatment of a MDD in a patient in need of said treatment in combination with an effective daily dose of pramipexole or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
  • a method for treating a patient suffering from a MDD which comprises administering to a patient in need of said treatment a 5HT3-antagonist in combination with an effective daily dose of pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating a patient suffering from a major depressive disorder, which comprises treating said patient with an effective dose of a 5HT3-antagonist in combination with an effective daily dose of pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist is administered at a daily dose of from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg, in combination with a pramipexole effective daily dose, including a daily dose for use during the titration period, equivalent to from 0.375 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • pramipexole may be used at the lowest doses (daily from 0.375 mg to less than 3 mg or to less than 4.5 mg), in combination with a 5HT3-antagonist, but another advantage provided by the present invention is an increase in the safe titration threshold dose, due to the concomitant presence of said 5HT3-antagonist.
  • the concomitant administration of a 5HT3-antagonist allows for the administration of pramipexole daily doses much higher than the pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate maximum daily dose recommended in the treatment of PD.
  • a 5HT3-antagonist indicated for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting or of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may be successfully used in combination with pramipexole according to the present invention.
  • the daily dose of these 5HT3-antagonists is at least as high as that preventing or treating nausea and vomiting in pediatric or adult patients undergoing a surgical operation or cancer chemotherapy according to the current protocols for said treatment or prevention.
  • pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is administered to a patient in need of said treatment at a daily dose that is equivalent to from 0.375 mg to 45 mg, from 1.5 mg to 45 mg, from 3 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg and from 6.5 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, in some cases from 1.5 mg to 20 mg, advantageously from 3 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • pramipexole is administered to said patient in combination with a 5HT3-antagonist.
  • said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, that is orally administered to said patient at a daily dose of from 1.5 mg to 20 mg, advantageously from 3 mg to 20 mg, normally from 5 mg to 20 mg.
  • said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to said patient in combination with said 5HT3-antagonist, administered by any administration route.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist in said combination, is selected from the group consisting of ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 2 mg to 32 mg of ondansetron base, and dolasetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 75 mg to 200 mg of dolasetron mesylate; and
  • said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered at a daily dose equivalent to from 0.375 mg to 45 mg, in particular from 1.5 mg to 45 mg, from 3 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg and from 6.5 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist is ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, at an effective daily dose (in ondansetron) of from 4 mg to 32 mg, administered in combination with said pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, at an effective daily dose (in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate) of from 1.5 mg to 20 mg, advantageously from 3 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg.
  • said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and said 5HT3-antagonist are each formulated in a pharmaceutical composition in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist is formulated in a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising, as an active ingredient, an effective amount per unit form of said 5HT3-antagonist in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle; and, respectively, said pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is also formulated in a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising, as an active ingredient, an effective amount of said pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist is formulated in a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising said 5HT3-antagonist in an amount per unit form of from 0.1 mg to 300 mg, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle;
  • said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is formulated in a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 0.125 mg to 45 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist in said composition is selected from the group consisting of ondansetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 2 mg to 32 mg of ondansetron base, and dolasetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from from 25 mg to 200 mg of dolasetron mesylate.
  • Pramipexole is preferably present, in said composition, in an amount per unit form equivalent to from 5 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from 5 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate.
  • compositions thus obtained are concurrently or sequentially administered to a patient suffering from a MDD.
  • Said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and said 5HT3-antagonist may also be formulated together in a fixed-dose combination consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising said pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • said combination is a fixed-dose combination consisting of a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising an effective amount per unit form of said 5HT3-antagonist, and an effective amount per unit form of said pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • the fixed-dose combinations assure the safe, concurrent administration of pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof and of the 5HT3-antagonist.
  • the amount per unit form of said 5HT3-antagonist is at least as high as the pediatric or adult dose approved for this indication. However, it may be up to 6 times said dose.
  • the pramipexole dose/unit form, in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate is in a range selected from the group consisting of from 0.125 mg to 45 mg, from 3 mg to 45 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg and from 6.5 mg to 45 mg.
  • Normally said range is selected from the group consisting of from 0.125 mg to 20 mg, from 3 mg to 20 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 20 mg, from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 20 mg; and the dose/unit form of the 5HT3-antagonist ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof
  • its dose/unit form is from 2 mg to 32 mg, normally from 4 mg to 32 mg.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is dolasetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof
  • its dose/unit form in dolasetron mesylate is from 1.5 mg to 200 mg.
  • the dose-range per oral IR-unit form is selected from the group consisting 0.125 mg to 22.5 mg, from 1.5 mg to 22.5 mg, from 3 mg to 22.5 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 22.5 mg, from 5 mg to 22.5 mg, from more than 6 mg to 22.5 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 22.5 mg, normally from 1.5 mg to 10 mg, from 3 mg to 10 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 10 mg, from 5 mg to 10 mg, from more than 6 mg to 10 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 10 mg.
  • the ondansetron dose per oral IR unit form in combination with pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, will be equivalent to from 2 mg to 16 mg, normally from 4 mg to 16 mg of ondansetron base.
  • the dose/unit form of pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, in an ER formulation, including slow-release compositions and transdermal therapeutic systems such as transdermal patches, will be in a range selected from the group consisting of from 1.5 mg to 45 mg, from 3 mg to 45 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from 1.5 mg to 20 mg, from 3 mg to 20 mg, from more than 4.5 mg to 20 mg, from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 20 mg, depending on the tolerability (in combination with the 5HT3-antagonist).
  • the dose/ER-unit form in ondansetron will range from 8 mg to 32 mg.
  • the dose/unit form (in dolasetron mesylate) in combination with pramipexole, at the above doses/unit form will range from 1.5 mg to 200 mg.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides the use of said 5HT3-antagonist for the preparation of a medicament consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, for the treatment of a MDD in combination with an effective daily dose of pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • a first embodiment of this second aspect of the invention provides the use of said 5HT3-antagonist for the preparation of a medicament consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, for the treatment of a MDD in combination with pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, also in a pharmaceutical composition in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • Said pramipexole daily doses may be much higher than the pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate maximum daily dose recommended for the treatment of symptoms of PD.
  • a second embodiment of this second aspect provides the use of said 5HT3-antagonist for the preparation of a medicament consisting of a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising an effective dose per unit form of said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier, for the treatment of a MDD in combination with pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in doses, in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, at least as high as a dose approved for the symptomatic treatment of PD.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is formulated in a pharmaceutical composition comprising said 5HT3-antagonist in an amount per unit form of from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg, from 0.1 mg to 300 mg or from 1 mg to 300 mg, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • a preferred 5HT3-antagonist in said pharmaceutical composition for its indication for the treatment of a MDD in combination with said pramipexole, is selected from the group consisting of azasetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, in particular its hydrochloride, in an amount/unit form equivalent to from 5 mg to 10 mg of azasetron hydrochloride; dolasetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, in particular its mesylate monohydrate, in an amount/unit form equivalent to from 20 mg to 200 mg of dolasetron mesylate; granisetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, in particular its hydrochloride, in an amount/unit form equivalent to from 0.5 mg to 2 mg granisetron base; ondansetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, in particular its hydrochloride dihydrate, in an amount/unit form equivalent to from 2 mg to 32 mg, normally from 2 mg to 16 mg of ondansetron base; palonosetron and pharmaceutically acceptable salts
  • Said 5HT3-antagonist in said pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 5HT3-antagonist in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, is administered, concurrently or sequentially, in combination with pramipexole, also in a pharmaceutical composition, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, for the treatment of a MDD in a patient in need of said treatment.
  • Said pharmaceutical compositions and the daily doses are illustrated above, in “The pramipexole” section.
  • a pharmaceutical composition as described according to this second aspect of the invention allows for the safe treatment of a patient suffering from a MDD, in combination with a pramipexole daily dose of from 0.375 mg to 45 mg, especially from more than 4.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, thus alleviating and even resolving the depressive state of said patients.
  • said pramipexole daily dose is from more than 4.5 mg to 20 mg, from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist and pramipexole are used in combination and the two active components may be co-administered simultaneously or sequentially, or in a fixed dose combination including a pharmaceutical composition comprising the 5HT3-antagonist and 6-propylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2-amine, together in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist and pramipexole can be administered separately or together in any conventional oral or parenteral dosage unit form such as capsule, tablet, powder, cachet, suspension, solution, or transdermal device.
  • each of them can be packaged in a kit comprising said 5HT3-antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, in a container; and said pramipexole, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle, in another, separate container.
  • said 5HT3-antagonist and said pramipexole may be formulated together in a fixed-dose combination consisting of a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising an effective amount per unit form of said 5HT3-antagonist and an effective amount per unit form of said pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • a third embodiment of this second aspect of the invention provides the use of said 5HT3-antagonist for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a MDD, said medicament being a fixed-dose combination consisting of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, said 5HT3-antagonist and, as a second active ingredient, pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • said fixed-dose combination consists of a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising
  • said fixed-dose combination consists of a pharmaceutical composition in dosage unit form comprising
  • said 5HT3-antagonist is present in an amount of from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg and said pramipexole is present in an amount of from 0.125 mg to 45 mg.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is selected from among those indicated for the prevention or treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting or for the prevention of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, said 5HT3-antagonist is present in said composition in an amount/unit form at least at least as high as an amount/unit form shown to be effective in or approved for the prevention or treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting or for the prevention of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and up to 6 times said dose.
  • Said 5HT3-antagonists and their amounts per unit form in pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of MDD are illustrated in the “The 5HT3-antagonist” section.
  • the pramipexole dose/unit form, in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate normally ranges from 0.125 mg to 20 mg, advantageously from 3 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg; and the dose/unit form of the 5HT3-antagonist ranges from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof
  • its dose/unit form is from 2 mg to 32 mg, normally from 4 mg to 32 mg.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is dolasetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof
  • its dose/unit form in dolasetron mesylate is from 1.5 mg to 200 mg.
  • said advantageous composition comprises, as active ingredients,
  • Said advantageous composition preferably comprises, as Component (b) pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in an amount (in pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate) selected from the group consisting of from 3 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg to 45 mg, and from 6.5 mg to 45 mg.
  • a 5HT3-antagonist/pramipexole fixed-dose combination normally for use in the treatment of MDD, consists of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a 5HT3-antagonist selected from the group consisting of ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in an amount corresponding to from 2 mg to 32 mg of ondansetron base, as Component (a); and pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in an amount that is equivalent to from 0.125 mg to 20 mg, advantageously from 3 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg, from more than 6 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg, of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, as Component (b), in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • a 5HT3-antagonist selected from the group consisting of ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, in an amount corresponding to from 2 mg to 32 mg of ondansetron
  • the pramipexole doses/unit forms include low doses that can be used especially in the case of the titration of the pramipexole daily dose or in the less frequent case of use in the treatment of pediatric depressed patients.
  • compositions of the present invention for oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, transdermal or topical administration are preferably administered in the form of dosage units, in admixture with the classic pharmaceutical carriers or vehicles.
  • compositions may be formulated in oral forms such as tablets or gelatin capsules wherein the 5HT3-antagonist or pramipexole or both the active ingredients are in admixture with a carrier or vehicle that may include a diluent, such as cellulose, dextrose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol or sucrose; a lubricant, such as, acid, calcium or magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, silica, or talc; and if needed, a binder such as magnesium aluminum silicate, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • a carrier or vehicle may include a diluent, such as cellulose, dextrose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol or sucrose; a lubricant, such as, acid, calcium or magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, silica, or talc; and if needed, a bin
  • Said oral forms may be tablets coated with sucrose or with various polymers; or, alternatively, the tablets can be manufactured by using carriers such as acrylic and methacrylic acid polymers and copolymers; cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylethylcellulose; or other appropriate materials, to have a prolonged or delayed activity by progressively releasing a predetermined quantity of 5HT3-antagonist or of pramipexole (or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof), or of both the active ingredients.
  • the oral formulations can also be in form of capsules allowing the extended release the pramipexole (or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof), or of 5HT3-antagonist, or of both the active ingredients.
  • compositions may also be formulated in TTS, such as a patch formulation wherein the active ingredient or the mixture of the active ingredients may comprise adjuvants such as D-sorbitol, gelatin, kaolin, methyl paraben, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, propyl paraben, povidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, tartaric acid, titanium dioxide, and purified water.
  • a patch formulation may also contain skin permeability enhancer such as lactate esters (e.g., lauryl lactate), triacetin or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
  • the preferred pramipexole or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof active ingredient is pramipexole base or its dihydrochloride monohydrate and the preferred 5HT3-antagonist active ingredient is ondansetron base or its hydrochloride dihydrate, or dolasetron base or its mesylate monohydrate.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist is formulated in a pharmaceutical composition, wherein said 5HT3-antagonist is in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle.
  • the dosage i.e. the amount of active ingredient in a single dose to be administered to the patient
  • This dosage includes the administration of a single dose from 1 ⁇ g to 300 mg according to the potency of each 5HT3-antagonist and the age of the patient, and a single dose of pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that is equivalent to from 0.125 mg to 45 mg, normally from 0.125 mg to 20 mg, advantageously from 3 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, according to the age of the patient, from one to three times a day by intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, or transcutaneous administration, according to the strength of the doses of the each of the active ingredients.
  • said dosage (single dose) ranges from 4 mg to 16 mg (in ondansetron base): and, if the pramipexole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate, said dosage (single dose) ranges from 0.125 mg to 45 mg, from 3 mg to 45 mg, from 5 mg to 45 mg, from more than 6 mg or from 6.5 mg to 45 mg, normally from 0.125 mg to 20 mg, advantageously from 3 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg or from 6.5 mg to 20 mg.
  • Ondansetron may also be administered via a transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS).
  • Transdermal drug delivery system provides transdermal delivery using transdermal drug formulations and transdermal patches incorporating such transdermal drug formulations.
  • the transdermal drug delivery system may include a composition in form of a patch, a cream, a gel, a lotion or a paste comprising a 5HT3-antagonist (such as ondansetron).
  • Examples of transdermal formulations may include, but are not limited, to those as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,562,368, a transdermal gel formulation as described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • transdermal or transmucosal pharmaceutical formulation that can be utilized for topical or transdermal application, such that solutions, creams, lotions, sprays, ointment, gels, aerosols and patch drug deliveries as described in WO 2005/039531, US2007/022379, US 2010/0216880, US 2014/0037713 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,652,491, a transdermal absorption preparation as described in WO2013/061969 and US 2014/0271796, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • the transdermal patches may also include, but are not limited to, a patch pump having an in-dwelling rigid catheter with flexible features and/or a flexible catheter attachment as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,782,536, a selectively activatable patch pump as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,724,462, a patch pump attached to a wireless communication system as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,623,173, a conformable patch pump as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,616,171, an infusion pump as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,915,879, a portable infusion drug delivery as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,480,649, a micropump as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • transdermal patches may include, but are not limited to, a patch in which oxybutynin is incorporated in an adhesive agent layer composition comprising the acrylic-based polymer as the adhesive base agent, and the acrylic-based polymer is a copolymer of polymethyl methacrylate with a polyacrylate as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,802,134, a patch consisting of a support layer and of an adhesive agent layer arranged on the at least one surface of the support layer as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • the transdermal drug delivery system is a patch, a patch pump, an infusion pump, or a micropump.
  • compositions of the present invention are formulated with the classic excipients suitable for different ways of administration. Particularly advantageous are the formulations in the form of tablets, multi-score tablets, coated tables, orally disintegrating tablets, extended release tablets, hard or soft capsules, extended-release capsules, patches for transdermal administration, liquid oral solutions, syrups or suspensions in a predetermined unit form, and vials for the intravenous or subcutaneous administration.
  • the 5HT3-antagonist daily dose may be decided on the basis of the body weight.
  • azasetron hydrochloride may be administered at a daily dose of 0.4-0.5 mg/kg
  • dolasetron mesylate may be administered at a daily dose of 9-9.5 mg/kg
  • granisetron hydrochloride may be administered at a daily dose of 0.09-0.11 mg/kg
  • ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate may be administered at a daily dose of 0.45-0.55 mg/kg
  • palonosetron hydrochloride may be administered at a daily dose of 0.03 mg/kg
  • tropisetron hydrochloride may be administered at a daily dose of 0.5-0.6 mg/kg.
  • a Phase I study was conducted in subjects receiving a single oral dose of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate (“pramipexole”) with or without a single oral dose of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (“ondansetron”). The study was single center, single-blind study.
  • the objective of the study was to demonstrate that ondansetron could safely attenuate the gastro-intestinal side effects of pramipexole given in doses equivalent or higher than those approved in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease or shown in clinical trials to be effective in the treatment of depression.
  • Table 1 summarizes the demographic characteristics of the subjects.
  • the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) during Period 2 was higher than MTD during Period 1 in all subjects, and in 2 subjects MTD-2 was increased by more than 3-fold.

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