US20200351461A1 - Shutterless calibration - Google Patents

Shutterless calibration Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200351461A1
US20200351461A1 US16/916,637 US202016916637A US2020351461A1 US 20200351461 A1 US20200351461 A1 US 20200351461A1 US 202016916637 A US202016916637 A US 202016916637A US 2020351461 A1 US2020351461 A1 US 2020351461A1
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Prior art keywords
array
pixels
focal plane
uniformity
diaphragm
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US16/916,637
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Martin Vaklev
Francis M. Vu
Scott Richman
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N2 Imaging Systems LLC
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N2 Imaging Systems LLC
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Priority to US16/916,637 priority Critical patent/US20200351461A1/en
Publication of US20200351461A1 publication Critical patent/US20200351461A1/en
Assigned to Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear, LLP reassignment Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear, LLP SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: N2 Imaging Systems, LLC
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    • H04N5/3651—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/33—Transforming infrared radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
    • H04N25/671—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H04N25/63—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to dark current
    • H04N25/633—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to dark current by using optical black pixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to imaging systems, and more particularly to calibration of sensors for imaging systems.
  • NUC non-uniformity correction
  • An imaging system includes a focal plane array including an array of pixels.
  • An isothermal diaphragm covers a first portion of the pixels along a periphery of the array and exposing an imaging portion of the pixels.
  • a controller is operatively connected to the focal plane array to read sensor data from the focal plane array, wherein the sensor data includes image data from the imaging portion of the pixels and non-uniformity data from the first portion of the pixels.
  • the controller is operatively connected to the focal plane array to enhance the image data based on the non-uniformity data.
  • the array of pixels can be rectangular, wherein the isothermal diaphragm covers a portion of the pixels along at least two perpendicular edges of the periphery of the array.
  • the array of pixels can be rectangular, wherein the isothermal diaphragm covers a portion of the pixels along four edges of the periphery of the array.
  • the isothermal diaphragm can permanently covers the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array.
  • the focal plane array can be uncooled.
  • the focal plane array can be sensitive to wavelengths in a long wave infrared (LWIR) band.
  • the focal plane array can be a first focal plane array that is sensitive to wavelengths in a first band and at least one additional focal plane array can be operatively connected to the first focal plane array for multi-band imagery, wherein the imaging portion of the pixels define an imaging array with an aspect ratio matched to that of the at least one additional focal plane array.
  • a method of correcting non-uniformity includes collecting sensor data from a focal plane array that includes an array of pixels, wherein an isothermal diaphragm covers a portion of the pixels along a periphery of the array and exposes an imaging portion of the pixels, wherein the sensor data includes an image portion of the sensor data from the imaging portion of the pixels and non-uniformity data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm.
  • the method includes using the non-uniformity data to perform a non-uniformity correction on the image portion of the sensor data.
  • Performing the non-uniformity correction can include correcting for non-uniformity that is at least one of column correlated and row correlated.
  • Performing the non-uniformity correction can include using a spatial estimation technique.
  • Collecting sensor data can include acquiring an image in the LWIR band. Acquiring the image, collecting the sensor data, and performing the non-uniformity correction can be performed without actively cooling the focal plane array.
  • the method can include obtaining images while the isothermal diaphragm covers the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array.
  • Collecting sensor data can include acquiring a stream of video data from the imaging portion of the pixels and periodically collecting the correction portion of the sensor data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm while acquiring the stream of video data without interrupting the acquisition of the stream of video data.
  • Acquiring the stream of video data can include acquiring the stream of video data without interruption from a mechanical shutter covering the focal plane array.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a system constructed in accordance with the present disclosure, showing the focal plane array (FPA) and isothermal diaphragm;
  • FPA focal plane array
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the FPA and isothermal diaphragm of FIG. 1 , showing the imaging portion of the pixels and the pixels along the periphery of the array of pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevation view of the FPA and isothermal diaphragm, showing the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm.
  • FIG. 1 a partial view of an exemplary embodiment of a system in accordance with the disclosure is shown in FIG. 1 and is designated generally by reference character 100 .
  • FIGS. 2-3 Other embodiments of systems in accordance with the disclosure, or aspects thereof, are provided in FIGS. 2-3 , as will be described.
  • the systems and methods described herein can be used to provide non-uniformity correction (NUC) in uncooled imaging sensor systems, e.g., uncooled long wave infrared (LWIR) imaging systems.
  • NUC non-uniformity correction
  • the imaging system 100 includes a focal plane array 102 including an array 104 of pixels (labeled in FIG. 3 ).
  • An isothermal diaphragm 106 covers a portion 108 of the pixels along a periphery of the array 104 .
  • the opening 109 through the isothermal diaphragm 106 exposes an imaging portion 110 of the pixels (labeled in FIG. 3 ).
  • Front end optics 112 optically coupled within a housing 114 with the focal plane array 102 focus images onto the pixels of the focal plane array 102 .
  • a controller 116 is operatively connected to the focal plane array 102 to read sensor data from the focal plane array 102 and to enhance, e.g., improve or correct, an image portion of the sensor data.
  • the image portion of the sensor data is from the imaging portion 110 of the pixels.
  • the controller enhances the image portion of the sensor data for non-uniformity based on non-uniformity data that is part of the sensor data, wherein the non-uniformity data is from the portion 108 of the pixels covered by the isothermal diaphragm 106 .
  • the focal plane array 102 can be sensitive to wavelengths in a long wave infrared (LWIR) band.
  • the focal plane array 102 can be optically aligned on a common platform 118 with one or more additional focal plane arrays 120 , e.g., each with respective front end optics 122 and controllers 124 , for multi-band imagery, e.g. where the one or more additional focal plane arrays 102 are sensitive to different bands than that of the focal plane array 102 .
  • the imaging portion 110 (labeled in FIG. 2 ) of the pixels define an imaging array with an aspect ratio matched to that of the at least one additional focal plane array 120 , e.g., for registration of images from each respective band.
  • the array 104 of pixels is rectangular. Since the isothermal diaphragm 106 covers the portion 108 of the pixels along at least two perpendicular edges of the periphery of the array 104 , the non-uniformity correction can include correcting for nonuniformity that is at least one of column correlated and row correlated. Given that the isothermal diaphragm covers the portion 108 of the pixels along four edges of the periphery of the array 104 , pixels from all for edges can be used in performing the non-uniformity correction, which include using a spatial estimation technique. The non-uniformity data from the portion 108 of the pixels is known to be isothermal because the diaphragm 106 is isothermal.
  • Variations in the nonuniformity data reveal the non-uniformity resulting, e.g., from temperature variance across the focal plane array 102 , random row and column flicker noise (1/f noise) introduced by the pixel readout circuit, and the like. Knowing this non-uniformity can allow the controller 116 to correct the image data from the imaging portion 110 of the pixels.
  • the isothermal diaphragm 106 permanently covers the portion 108 of the pixels along the periphery of the array 104 , and the focal plane array 102 can be uncooled and does not require mechanical movement of a calibration shutter for non-uniformity correction.
  • a method of correcting non-uniformity includes collecting sensor data from a focal plane array, e.g., focal plane array 102 , that includes an array of pixels, wherein an isothermal diaphragm, e.g., isothermal diaphragm 106 , covers a portion, e.g., portion 108 , of the pixels along a periphery of the array and exposes an imaging portion, e.g., imaging portion 110 , of the pixels.
  • the sensor data includes an image portion of the sensor data from the imaging portion of the pixels and non-uniformity data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm.
  • the method includes using the no-uniformity data to perform a nonuniformity enhancement on the image portion of the sensor data.
  • Collecting sensor data can include acquiring an image in the LWIR band. Acquiring the image, collecting the sensor data, and performing the non-uniformity correction can all be performed without actively cooling the focal plane array.
  • the method can include obtaining images while the isothermal diaphragm covers the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array.
  • Collecting sensor data can include acquiring a stream of video data from the imaging portion of the pixels.
  • the method can include periodically collecting the correction portion of the sensor data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm while acquiring the stream of video data without interrupting the acquisition of the stream of video data.
  • the only need to limit how often the non-uniformity data is acquired is the computational resources of the controller 116 .
  • Acquiring the stream of video data can include acquiring the stream of video data without interruption from a mechanical shutter covering the focal plane array.

Abstract

An imaging system includes a focal plane array including an array of pixels. An isothermal diaphragm covers a first portion of the pixels along a periphery of the array and exposing an imaging portion of the pixels. A controller is operatively connected to the focal plane array to read sensor data from the focal plane array, wherein the sensor data includes image data from the imaging portion of the pixels and non-uniformity data from the first portion of the pixels. The controller is operatively connected to the focal plane array to enhance the image data based on the non-uniformity data.

Description

    INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
  • Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57.
    • BACKGROUND Field of the Invention
  • The present disclosure relates to imaging systems, and more particularly to calibration of sensors for imaging systems.
    • Description of the Related Art
  • Traditional uncooled Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs) produce highly non-uniform image data. The use of a non-uniformity correction (NUC) algorithm is traditionally required to improve image quality. Most traditional NUC algorithms use a thermally uniform shutter that is periodically placed in front of the FPA to correct for 1/f type drift which cannot be calibrated out of the image data. This method interrupts live video every time the shutter is closed, adds mechanical complexity, adds cost, and causes an audible sound.
  • The conventional techniques have been considered satisfactory for their intended purpose. However, there is an ever present need for improved calibration for imaging systems. This disclosure provides a solution for this need.
    • SUMMARY
  • An imaging system includes a focal plane array including an array of pixels. An isothermal diaphragm covers a first portion of the pixels along a periphery of the array and exposing an imaging portion of the pixels. A controller is operatively connected to the focal plane array to read sensor data from the focal plane array, wherein the sensor data includes image data from the imaging portion of the pixels and non-uniformity data from the first portion of the pixels. The controller is operatively connected to the focal plane array to enhance the image data based on the non-uniformity data.
  • The array of pixels can be rectangular, wherein the isothermal diaphragm covers a portion of the pixels along at least two perpendicular edges of the periphery of the array. The array of pixels can be rectangular, wherein the isothermal diaphragm covers a portion of the pixels along four edges of the periphery of the array. The isothermal diaphragm can permanently covers the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array. The focal plane array can be uncooled.
  • The focal plane array can be sensitive to wavelengths in a long wave infrared (LWIR) band. The focal plane array can be a first focal plane array that is sensitive to wavelengths in a first band and at least one additional focal plane array can be operatively connected to the first focal plane array for multi-band imagery, wherein the imaging portion of the pixels define an imaging array with an aspect ratio matched to that of the at least one additional focal plane array.
  • A method of correcting non-uniformity includes collecting sensor data from a focal plane array that includes an array of pixels, wherein an isothermal diaphragm covers a portion of the pixels along a periphery of the array and exposes an imaging portion of the pixels, wherein the sensor data includes an image portion of the sensor data from the imaging portion of the pixels and non-uniformity data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm. The method includes using the non-uniformity data to perform a non-uniformity correction on the image portion of the sensor data.
  • Performing the non-uniformity correction can include correcting for non-uniformity that is at least one of column correlated and row correlated. Performing the non-uniformity correction can include using a spatial estimation technique. Collecting sensor data can include acquiring an image in the LWIR band. Acquiring the image, collecting the sensor data, and performing the non-uniformity correction can be performed without actively cooling the focal plane array. The method can include obtaining images while the isothermal diaphragm covers the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array.
  • Collecting sensor data can include acquiring a stream of video data from the imaging portion of the pixels and periodically collecting the correction portion of the sensor data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm while acquiring the stream of video data without interrupting the acquisition of the stream of video data. Acquiring the stream of video data can include acquiring the stream of video data without interruption from a mechanical shutter covering the focal plane array.
  • These and other features of the systems and methods of the subject disclosure will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • So that those skilled in the art to which the subject disclosure appertains will readily understand how to make and use the devices and methods of the subject disclosure without undue experimentation, preferred embodiments thereof will be described in detail herein below with reference to certain figures, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a system constructed in accordance with the present disclosure, showing the focal plane array (FPA) and isothermal diaphragm;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the FPA and isothermal diaphragm of FIG. 1, showing the imaging portion of the pixels and the pixels along the periphery of the array of pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm; and
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevation view of the FPA and isothermal diaphragm, showing the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like reference numerals identify similar structural features or aspects of the subject disclosure. For purposes of explanation and illustration, and not limitation, a partial view of an exemplary embodiment of a system in accordance with the disclosure is shown in FIG. 1 and is designated generally by reference character 100. Other embodiments of systems in accordance with the disclosure, or aspects thereof, are provided in FIGS. 2-3, as will be described. The systems and methods described herein can be used to provide non-uniformity correction (NUC) in uncooled imaging sensor systems, e.g., uncooled long wave infrared (LWIR) imaging systems.
  • The imaging system 100 includes a focal plane array 102 including an array 104 of pixels (labeled in FIG. 3). An isothermal diaphragm 106 covers a portion 108 of the pixels along a periphery of the array 104. The opening 109 through the isothermal diaphragm 106 exposes an imaging portion 110 of the pixels (labeled in FIG. 3). Front end optics 112 optically coupled within a housing 114 with the focal plane array 102 focus images onto the pixels of the focal plane array 102. A controller 116 is operatively connected to the focal plane array 102 to read sensor data from the focal plane array 102 and to enhance, e.g., improve or correct, an image portion of the sensor data. The image portion of the sensor data is from the imaging portion 110 of the pixels. The controller enhances the image portion of the sensor data for non-uniformity based on non-uniformity data that is part of the sensor data, wherein the non-uniformity data is from the portion 108 of the pixels covered by the isothermal diaphragm 106.
  • With continued reference to FIG. 1, the focal plane array 102 can be sensitive to wavelengths in a long wave infrared (LWIR) band. The focal plane array 102 can be optically aligned on a common platform 118 with one or more additional focal plane arrays 120, e.g., each with respective front end optics 122 and controllers 124, for multi-band imagery, e.g. where the one or more additional focal plane arrays 102 are sensitive to different bands than that of the focal plane array 102. The imaging portion 110 (labeled in FIG. 2) of the pixels define an imaging array with an aspect ratio matched to that of the at least one additional focal plane array 120, e.g., for registration of images from each respective band.
  • With reference now to FIG. 2, the array 104 of pixels is rectangular. Since the isothermal diaphragm 106 covers the portion 108 of the pixels along at least two perpendicular edges of the periphery of the array 104, the non-uniformity correction can include correcting for nonuniformity that is at least one of column correlated and row correlated. Given that the isothermal diaphragm covers the portion 108 of the pixels along four edges of the periphery of the array 104, pixels from all for edges can be used in performing the non-uniformity correction, which include using a spatial estimation technique. The non-uniformity data from the portion 108 of the pixels is known to be isothermal because the diaphragm 106 is isothermal. Variations in the nonuniformity data reveal the non-uniformity resulting, e.g., from temperature variance across the focal plane array 102, random row and column flicker noise (1/f noise) introduced by the pixel readout circuit, and the like. Knowing this non-uniformity can allow the controller 116 to correct the image data from the imaging portion 110 of the pixels. The isothermal diaphragm 106 permanently covers the portion 108 of the pixels along the periphery of the array 104, and the focal plane array 102 can be uncooled and does not require mechanical movement of a calibration shutter for non-uniformity correction.
  • A method of correcting non-uniformity includes collecting sensor data from a focal plane array, e.g., focal plane array 102, that includes an array of pixels, wherein an isothermal diaphragm, e.g., isothermal diaphragm 106, covers a portion, e.g., portion 108, of the pixels along a periphery of the array and exposes an imaging portion, e.g., imaging portion 110, of the pixels. The sensor data includes an image portion of the sensor data from the imaging portion of the pixels and non-uniformity data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm. The method includes using the no-uniformity data to perform a nonuniformity enhancement on the image portion of the sensor data.
  • Collecting sensor data can include acquiring an image in the LWIR band. Acquiring the image, collecting the sensor data, and performing the non-uniformity correction can all be performed without actively cooling the focal plane array.
  • The method can include obtaining images while the isothermal diaphragm covers the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array. Collecting sensor data can include acquiring a stream of video data from the imaging portion of the pixels. The method can include periodically collecting the correction portion of the sensor data from the portion of the pixels that are covered by the isothermal diaphragm while acquiring the stream of video data without interrupting the acquisition of the stream of video data. The only need to limit how often the non-uniformity data is acquired is the computational resources of the controller 116. Acquiring the stream of video data can include acquiring the stream of video data without interruption from a mechanical shutter covering the focal plane array.
  • The methods and systems of the present disclosure, as described above and shown in the drawings, provide for non-uniformity correction, e.g., in uncooled LWIR imaging systems, with superior properties relative to traditional systems including elimination of interruption of live video for shutter-based calibration, reduced mechanical complexity, lower cost, and elimination of audible shutter noises. While the apparatus and methods of the subject disclosure have been shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that changes and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the subject disclosure.

Claims (21)

1. (canceled)
2. An imaging system comprising:
a focal plane array comprising an array of pixels configured to detect long wavelength infrared radiation;
a diaphragm covering a first portion of the pixels along at least two edges of a periphery of the array and exposing an imaging portion of the pixels, the diaphragm configured to have a uniform temperature across a surface of the diaphragm, and
a controller operatively connected to the focal plane array and configured to correct for at least one of column-correlated or row-correlated non-uniformity.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the diaphragm covers a portion of the pixels along at least two perpendicular edges of the array.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the array of pixels forms a rectangle, and wherein the diaphragm covers the portion of the pixels along at least a portion of four edges of the periphery of the array.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the focal plane array is a first focal plane array that is sensitive to wavelengths in a first band and wherein the system further comprises a second focal plane array operatively connected to the first focal plane array for multi-band imagery, wherein the imaging portion of the pixels define an imaging array with an aspect ratio matched to that of the at least one additional focal plane array.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the focal plane array is uncooled.
7. The system of claim 2, wherein the diaphragm permanently covers the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array.
8. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to perform a non-uniformity correction on the imaging portion of the pixels based at least in part on the row-correlated non-uniformity, the column-correlated non-uniformity, or both.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the non-uniformity correction on the imaging portion of the pixels comprises compensating for a non-uniformity comprising a 1/f type drift.
10. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to correct for the at least one of column-correlated or row-correlated non-uniformity using a spatial estimation technique.
11. The system of claim 2, wherein the diaphragm is configured to permanently cover the first portion of the pixels.
12. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to correct for the at least one of column-correlated or row-correlated non-uniformity without interrupting an acquisition of a stream of video data.
13. A method for correcting for non-uniformities in an image sensor, the method comprising:
detecting long wavelength infrared radiation at a focal plane array comprising an array of pixels;
covering a first portion of the pixels along at least two edges of a periphery of the array using a diaphragm, the diaphragm configured to have a uniform temperature across a surface of the diaphragm; and
correcting for column-correlated and row-correlated non-uniformity in the focal plane array.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein covering the first portion of the pixels along the at least two edges of a periphery of the array comprises covering the first portion of the pixels along at least two perpendicular edges of the array.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein covering the first portion of the pixels along the at least two edges of a periphery of the array comprises covering the portion of the pixels along at least a portion of four edges of the periphery of the array.
16. The method of claim 13, further comprising operatively coupling a second focal plane array to the focal plane array, wherein the imaging portion of the second focal plane array defines an imaging array with an aspect ratio corresponding to that of the focal plane array.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the focal plane array is uncooled.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein covering the first portion of the pixels along the at least two edges of a periphery of the array using a diaphragm comprises permanently covering the portion of the pixels along the periphery of the array.
19. The method of claim 13, further comprising performing a non-uniformity correction on the imaging portion of the pixels based at least in part on the row-correlated non-uniformity, the column-correlated non-uniformity, or both.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein performing a non-uniformity correction on the imaging portion of the pixels comprises compensating for a non-uniformity of a 1/f type drift.
21. The method of claim 13, wherein performing a non-uniformity correction on the imaging portion of the pixels comprises estimating a spatial relationship.
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