US20200248095A1 - Composition for cooling and lubricating a drive system of a vehicle - Google Patents

Composition for cooling and lubricating a drive system of a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200248095A1
US20200248095A1 US16/757,064 US201816757064A US2020248095A1 US 20200248095 A1 US20200248095 A1 US 20200248095A1 US 201816757064 A US201816757064 A US 201816757064A US 2020248095 A1 US2020248095 A1 US 2020248095A1
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composition
accordance
cooling
electric
lubricating
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Julien Guerin
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TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
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Total Marketing Services SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M119/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M119/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M119/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M119/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/003—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/006—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/022—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C10M2205/046—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • C10M2205/066—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/006—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/069—Linear chain compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/073—Star shaped polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/02—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of compositions for lubricating and cooling a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • it aims at proposing a composition endowed with both lubricating properties and with cooling properties for a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for cooling and lubricating an electric motor.
  • electric vehicle in the context of the present invention means a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, in contrast to a hybrid vehicle that comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined propulsion means.
  • drive system in the context of the present invention means a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle.
  • the drive system thus more particularly encompasses an electric motor, a battery and possibly a transmission.
  • compositions which satisfy the dual constraints of cooling or lubricating the various parts of the drive system. These demands are typically satisfied by employing two distinct means, on the one hand lubricating compositions and cooling fluids on the other hand.
  • lubricating compositions also known as “lubricants”
  • lubricants are routinely used in engines for the principal purposes of reducing frictional forces between the various metal parts that move in the engines. They are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surfaces.
  • a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oils that are generally associated with several additives intended to stimulate the lubricating performance of the base oils; friction modifiers are an example of such additives.
  • WO 2011/113851 describes the use of a lubricating composition comprising a base oil, preferably a polyalphaolefin (PAO) or GTL, for cooling an electric motor of a hybrid vehicle or of a vehicle equipped with a kinetic energy recovery system (KERS).
  • a base oil preferably a polyalphaolefin (PAO) or GTL
  • KERS kinetic energy recovery system
  • the document EP 2 520 637 describes a lubricating composition comprising at least one ester or an ether for cooling an electric motor and for lubricating gears.
  • esters are known to be unstable as regards oxidation.
  • esters could give rise to problems with compatibility with the varnishes and seals routinely used in electric motors, which causes deterioration thereof.
  • the winding of an electric motor is generally coated with a varnish. Because a lubricating composition is in direct contact with the winding, it is vital that the latter is inert as regards this varnish.
  • the document JP 2012/184360 may also be cited; it describes a lubricating composition comprising a synthetic base oil and a fluorinated compound for cooling an electric motor.
  • the hydrochlorofluorocarbons present in those compositions are organic gases which have a large negative impact on the ozone layer and are powerful greenhouse gases. Fluorinated gases are also the subject of many regulations aimed at severely limiting their use.
  • the drive systems of electric vehicles proposed by the manufacturers are currently essentially cooled using air, water or compositions comprising water and a glycol.
  • the present invention aims to propose a novel composition that can simultaneously satisfy both of these functions, lubrication and cooling, while overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the inventors have discovered that it is possible to provide the dual function of lubrication and cooling by employing a mixture of a base formed by one or more oils selected from polyalphaolefins, which is far more fluid than known lubricating compositions, thickened by one or more specific polymers.
  • the present invention describes the use, for cooling and lubricating a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, in the range 3 to 10 mm/s (cSt), and comprising at least:
  • the present invention concerns the use, for cooling and lubricating a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, in the range 3 to 10 mm 2 /s (cSt), and comprising at least:
  • composition in accordance with the invention employed in a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, can be used to provide access to good properties both in terms of cooling and in terms of lubrication of the parts of a drive system.
  • a composition in accordance with the invention may be used to cool and lubricate an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It is particularly effective in cooling the power electronics and/or the rotor and/or the stator of an electric motor. It can also lubricate the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition in accordance with the invention may be used to ensure lubrication of the transmission, when it is present, in particular the reduction gear, of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition in accordance with the invention may advantageously be used to efficiently cool the battery present in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the composition is injected into the zones to be cooled under fairly high pressure, the resulting shear at the level of the injector advantageously being used to reduce the viscosity of the fluid at the level of the injection zone compared with the kinematic viscosity at rest, and thus to further increase the cooling potential of the composition.
  • a composition in accordance with the invention has the advantage of being easy to formulate. In addition to the combined properties of cooling and lubricating, it has good stability, in particular as regards oxidation, as well as good deaeration properties. Thus, the composition advantageously maintains its good cooling properties over time.
  • it also has good anticorrosion properties and can be used to limit the risks of deterioration of the seals or the varnish present in the drive system.
  • the present invention also concerns a method for cooling and lubrication of a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step for bringing at least one mechanical part of said system into contact with a composition in accordance with the invention as described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph representing the thermal properties of compositions in accordance with the invention, CL 1 and CL 2 (respectively • and +) and not in accordance with the invention, CC ( ⁇ ), tested in accordance with Examples 1 and 2 below.
  • composition employed in accordance with the invention comprises at least:
  • fluid base will be used to designate the oil or the mixture of base oils having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, of 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s.
  • the combination of fluid base/thickening polymer(s) in accordance with the invention can be used to obtain a composition having good cooling properties, which are further enhanced by the effect of the shear applied at the injection level, while being consistent with a rheological behavior, in particular in terms of viscosity, which can procure good lubrication properties.
  • a composition in accordance with the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, in the range 3 to 10 mm 2 /s, preferably in the range 3 to 9 mm 2 /s.
  • composition employed is a non-Newtonian fluid.
  • Newtonian fluid means a fluid for which there exists a linear relationship between the applied mechanical load (force exerted on the fluid per unit surface area) and the shear of the fluid (i.e. the speed gradient of the fluid).
  • a “non-Newtonian fluid” is thus a fluid which is not a Newtonian fluid.
  • a composition in accordance with the invention employs a fluid base formed by one or more base oils, selected from polyalphaolefins and having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, of 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s, in particular 1.5 to 6.1 mm 2 /s, more particularly 1.5 to 4.1 mm 2 /s, yet more particularly 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 /s.
  • base oils selected from polyalphaolefins and having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, of 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s, in particular 1.5 to 6.1 mm 2 /s, more particularly 1.5 to 4.1 mm 2 /s, yet more particularly 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 /s.
  • base oils may be selected from oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V of the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents in accordance with the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table A below, or mixtures thereof.
  • the mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, deasphalting, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing.
  • the lubricating bases employed to produce the compositions in accordance with the invention must also satisfy the viscosity criterion cited above, must have properties, in particular the viscosity index, sulfur content or resistance to oxidation, which are adapted to use for the drive systems of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the base oils may also be selected from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • the oil or the base oils of a composition employed in accordance with the invention are selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • PAOs used as base oils are, for example, obtained from monomers containing 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
  • the mass average molecular mass of the PAO can vary relatively widely. Preferably, the mass average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da.
  • the mass average molecular mass of the PAO may also be from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or in fact from 200 to 600 Da.
  • the PAOs employed in the context of the invention having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, of 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s, are commercially available from Ineos under the trade names Durasyn® 162, Durasyn® 164, Durasyn® 166 and Durasyn® 168.
  • a composition employed in accordance with the invention is free from polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • PAG polyalkylene glycol
  • the fluid base of a composition employed in accordance with the invention comprises a content that is strictly less than 30% by weight of ester and ether type base oils, in particular less than 25% by weight of ester and ether type base oils, in particular less than 10% by weight.
  • the fluid base of a composition employed in accordance with the invention is free from ester type oils.
  • a composition employed in accordance with the invention comprises a fluid base formed by one or more base oils having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, in the range 1.5 and 8 mm 2 /s.
  • a composition of the invention may, for example, be free from base oil or a mixture of base oils not satisfying the criterion regarding the kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, in particular free from an oil or mixture of base oils having a viscosity of more than 9 mm 2 /s.
  • the fluid base provides the cooling potential of the composition employed in accordance with the invention.
  • the fluidity of the base ensures the good cooling properties when the composition is employed for a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the cooling properties of the composition employed are more advantageously increased by the shear applied to the composition at the level of injection, which brings the fluid to a level of viscosity which is lower than when at rest.
  • the impact of employing thickening polymers in accordance with the invention on the cooling capacity of the composition is under control.
  • a lubricating composition may comprise 60% to 90% by weight of base oil or a mixture of base oils having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, of 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • a composition employed in accordance with the invention comprises 70% to 90% by weight, preferably 80% to 90% by weight, of base oil or a mixture of base oils having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, of 1.5 to 8 mm 2 /s with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention furthermore comprises one or more polymers, known as thickening polymers.
  • the polymer or polymers are selected for their capacity to thicken the fluid base in accordance with the invention in order to provide the desired lubrication properties for the composition.
  • the thickening polymers in accordance with the invention may in particular be selected from polymers known as “viscosity index improvers” (VI).
  • Viscosity improving polymers of this type have been described, for example, in the documents WO 9418288, EP 2 363 454, EP 2 164 885, EP 0 699 694, WO 2007/003238 and WO 2007/025837.
  • thickening polymer or polymers are distinct from the oil or said base oils as described above.
  • they may be polymers selected from ester polymers; linear or star, hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene; polyacrylates; linear or comb polymethacrylates, and olefin copolymers, in particular ethylene/propylene copolymers.
  • the thickening polymer may more particularly be selected from linear or comb polymethacrylates, linear or hydrogenated star copolymers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene, and their mixtures.
  • the thickening polymer may more particularly be selected from comb polymethacrylates, hydrogenated star copolymers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene, and their mixtures.
  • polymethacrylate comb polymers within the meaning of the invention are described in the patent applications EP 2 164 885, EP 0 699 694, WO 2007/003238 and WO 2007/025837; and the structures and definitions of these polymers as described in those documents are hereby incorporated into the description of the present application.
  • polymethacrylate comb polymers within the meaning of the invention are commercially available from Evonik under the trade name Viscoplex® 3-200.
  • thickening polymer(s) ensures that the composition will thicken sufficiently to ensure, when it is employed for a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, an anti-wear level of protection, i.e. of lubrification, which is satisfactory, without in any way affecting the cooling potential of the composition.
  • the thickening polymer(s) content in a composition in accordance with the invention is 0.5% to 10% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the composition, preferably 1% to 8% by weight, more preferably 1.5% to 5% by weight.
  • This quantity means the quantity of active material of the polymer.
  • the polymer used in the context of the present invention may be in the form of a dispersion in one or more mineral or synthetic oil(s).
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention may comprise 1% to 25% by weight, preferably 2% to 20% by weight, more preferably 4% to 20% by weight of thickening polymer(s) diluted in one or more base oil(s), with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention comprises at least one base oil selected from PAOs and at least one polymer selected from comb polymethacrylates, hydrogenated star copolymers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene, and their mixtures.
  • the base oil when selected from PAOs, in a composition used in accordance with the present invention, it is associated with at least one polymer selected from comb polymethacrylates.
  • the base oil is selected from PAOs
  • the base oil in a composition used in accordance with the present invention, it is associated with at least one polymer selected from hydrogenated star copolymers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene.
  • composition employed in accordance with the invention is formed, in other words consists of, a mixture:
  • composition employed in accordance with the invention is formed:
  • composition that is employed may furthermore comprise one or more additives as defined more precisely in the text below.
  • the additives that may be incorporated into a composition in accordance with the invention may be selected from friction modifiers, detergents, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point improvers, anti-foaming agents and their mixtures.
  • additives may be introduced in isolation and/or in the form of a mixture reflecting those already on sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines with a performance level as defined by the ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Eurofugs d′Automobiles) [European Automobile Manufacturers Association] and/or the API (American Petroleum Institute), which are well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • ACEA Association des Constructeurs Eurofugs d′Automobiles
  • API American Petroleum Institute
  • the anti-wear additives and the extreme pressure additives protect the frictional surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed onto those surfaces.
  • the anti-wear additives are selected from phospho-sulfur additives such as metallic alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, or ZnDTP.
  • phospho-sulfur additives such as metallic alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, or ZnDTP.
  • the preferred compounds have the formula Zn((SP(S)(OR 2 )OR 3 )) 2 , in which R 2 and R 3 , which may be identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Amine phosphates are also anti-wear additives that can be employed in a composition in accordance with the invention.
  • the phosphorus supplied by these additives may act as a poison for the catalytic systems of automobiles, because these additives are ash generators.
  • These effects can be minimized by partially substituting the amine phosphates by additives which do not supply phosphorus such as, for example, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention may comprise 0.01% to 6% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 4% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 2% of anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives, by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention is free from anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention is advantageously free from phosphorus-containing additives.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention may comprise at least one friction-modifying additive.
  • the friction-modifying additive may be selected from a compound supplying metallic elements and a compound that is free from ash.
  • Examples of compounds supplying metallic elements that may be cited are complexes of transition metals such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn; the ligands of these may be hydrocarbon compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atoms.
  • the anti-wear additives that are free from ash are generally of organic origin and may be selected from monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxy compounds, fatty epoxy compounds of borate, fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
  • the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group containing 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • composition in accordance with the invention is free from anti-wear additives.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention may comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
  • the antioxidant additive can in general retard the degradation of the composition when in service. This degradation may in particular be manifested by the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge or an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
  • antioxidant additives act as radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide destroyers.
  • antioxidant additives in routine use that may be cited are antioxidant additives of the phenol type, antioxidant additives of the amine type, and phosphosulfur antioxidant additives.
  • Certain of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant additives may be generators of ash.
  • Phenolic antioxidant additives may be free from ash or in fact be in the form of neutral or basic metallic salts.
  • the antioxidant additives may in particular be selected from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, N,N′-dialkylaryldiamines and their mixtures.
  • the sterically hindered phenols are selected from compounds comprising a phenol group wherein at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted with at least one C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, preferably a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a C 4 alkyl group preferably by the tert-butyl group.
  • Amine compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that may be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
  • amine compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines with formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 , in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, which may be substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, which may be substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group with formula R 7 S(O) z R 8 , in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group, and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
  • Sulfur-containing alkyl phenols or their salts of alkali and alkaline-earth metals may also be used as antioxidant additives.
  • antioxidant additives are that of copper-containing compounds, for example copper thiophosphates or dithiophosphates, salts of copper and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulfonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts and salts of succinic acid or anhydride may also be used.
  • copper-containing compounds for example copper thiophosphates or dithiophosphates, salts of copper and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulfonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates.
  • Copper I and II salts and salts of succinic acid or anhydride may also be used.
  • composition used in accordance with the invention may contain any type of antioxidant additive known to the person skilled in the art.
  • composition used in accordance with the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive that is free from ash.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention may comprise 0.5% to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • the detergent additives that may be used in a composition used in accordance with the invention are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the detergent additives may be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
  • the associated cation may be a metallic cation of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal.
  • the detergent additives are preferably selected from the alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as the salts of phenates.
  • the alkali and alkaline-earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
  • These metallic salts generally comprise the metal in a stoichiometric quantity or in fact in excess, i.e. in a quantity that is greater than stoichiometric quantities.
  • they are overbased detergent additives; the metal in excess providing the overbased nature of the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metallic salt that is insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, or a glutamate, preferably a carbonate.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention may, for example, comprise 2% to 4% by weight of detergent additive with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • the pour point-reducing additives By slowing down the formation of crystals of paraffin, the pour point-reducing additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
  • additives that reduce the pour point that may be cited are alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, and alkyl polystyrenes.
  • composition used in accordance with the invention may comprise at least one dispersing agent.
  • the dispersing agent may be selected from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives.
  • a composition used in accordance with the invention may, for example, comprise 0.2% to 10% by weight of dispersing agent with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • composition as described above may be employed both as a lubricant and as a cooling fluid for a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the invention concerns the use of a composition as defined above for cooling and lubricating an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and its various parts, in particular moving parts.
  • the invention is also applicable to the battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle in particular comprises the electric motor portion ( 1 ).
  • This typically comprises power electronics ( 11 ) connected to a stator ( 13 ) and a rotor ( 14 ).
  • the stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are supplied with alternating electric current. This can generate a rotating magnetic field.
  • the rotor per se comprises coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is caused to rotate by the rotating magnetic field.
  • the power electronics ( 11 ), the stator ( 13 ) and the rotor ( 14 ) of an electric motor ( 1 ) are parts with complicated structures and generate a large quantity of heat during operation of the motor. Thus, it is vital to provide cooling for the electric motor, in particular of the power electronics.
  • the bearing ( 12 ) generally integrated between the stator ( 13 ) and the rotor ( 14 ), is subjected to high mechanical loads and problems arise with wear by fatigue. Thus, it is necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to increase its service life.
  • composition employed in accordance with the invention as described above can be used to provide, inside an electric or hybrid vehicle, both the function of lubrication and of protection of the members in contact against wear, and the function of cooling.
  • the invention in particular concerns the use of a composition as described above to cool and lubricate an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • it can be used to cool the power electronics and/or the rotor and/or the stator of the electric motor. It can also carry out lubrication of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle may also comprise a transmission, and in particular a speed reduction gear ( 3 ) that can be used to reduce the rate of rotation at the output of the electric motor and adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, thus allowing the speed of the vehicle to be controlled at the same time.
  • a transmission and in particular a speed reduction gear ( 3 ) that can be used to reduce the rate of rotation at the output of the electric motor and adapt the speed transmitted to the wheels, thus allowing the speed of the vehicle to be controlled at the same time.
  • This reduction gear is subjected to high frictional loads, and thus has to be lubricated in an appropriate manner in order to prevent it from being damaged too quickly.
  • the invention also concerns the use of a composition as described above for lubrication of the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition in accordance with the invention may thus be used to lubricate and cool both the electric motor and the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the electric motor is typically powered by an electric battery ( 2 ).
  • Lithium ion batteries are the most widespread in the field of electric vehicles. The development of ever more powerful batteries and with a size that is ever more reduced implies that problems will arise with cooling this battery. In fact, as soon as the battery exceeds temperatures of the order of 50° C. to 60° C., there is a high risk of ignition, or even of explosion, of the battery. There is also a need to maintain the battery at a temperature of more than approximately 20° C. to 25° C. in order to prevent the battery from discharging too rapidly and in order to prolong its service life.
  • composition of the invention may be employed in order to cool the battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • composition as described above may be used both as a lubricant and as a cooling fluid for the engine, the battery and the transmission of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the invention has the advantage of enabling a single composition that associates the properties of lubrication and of cooling to be employed as a lubricant and as a cooling fluid in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
  • the invention also concerns a method for cooling and for lubricating a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step for bringing at least one mechanical part of an electric motor and/or battery and/or transmission into contact with a composition as defined hereinabove.
  • Cooling with a composition used in accordance with the invention may be carried out using any method that is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Examples of direct use that may be cited are jet cooling, spray cooling or in fact by forming a mist from the composition in accordance with the invention under pressure and under gravity, in particular on the winding of the rotor and/or the stator.
  • the composition is injected, using a jet under a fairly high pressure, into the zones of the drive system to be cooled as described, for example, in the publications by Liu et al. and Bennion et al. cited above.
  • the shear resulting from this injection can be used to reduce the viscosity of the fluid at the level of the injection zone, compared with the kinematic viscosity at rest, and thus of further increasing the potential cooling of the composition.
  • oil circulation systems in current use in electric motors may be employed as described, for example, in the document WO 2015/116496.
  • composition in accordance with the invention can be used to define the uses in accordance with the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
  • compositions were mixed as a function of the nature and the quantities of the products (expressed as a percentage by weight) as shown in Table 1 below.
  • Polymethacrylate comb polymer (1) 16.0 0 0 Hydrogenated star copolymer of butadiene- 0 13.0 0 styrene-isoprene (2) (1) Polymethacrylate comb polymer commercially available from Evonik under the trade name Viscoplex ® 3-200; (2) Star hydrogenated copolymer of styrene, butadiene and isoprene sold by Infineum under the trade name SV ® 261.
  • One way in which to measure the thermal properties of a fluid consists of measuring the heat exchange coefficient of the fluid (thermal transfer per unit of surface area and temperature). A fluid with a higher thermal exchange coefficient has better cooling properties.
  • the principle of the test consisted of projecting a jet of oil with the aid of a spray nozzle perpendicular to a metal plate heated by induction.
  • a thermal camera placed above the plate records the temperature profile during projection of the oil. From the values for the variation of the temperature over the plate, it is then possible to calculate the mean thermal exchange coefficient of the composition.
  • the various temperatures (in degrees Celsius) detected on the heated plate are shown along the ordinate; and the radii corresponding to the various distances (in meters) from the point of impact of the jet on the metal plate are shown along the abscissa.
  • compositions in accordance with the invention can cool the heated plate better and maintain a stable temperature compared with the comparative compositions not comprising a thickening polymer.
  • compositions in accordance with the invention can not only be used to lubricate, but also to cool a drive system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US16/757,064 2017-10-20 2018-10-19 Composition for cooling and lubricating a drive system of a vehicle Abandoned US20200248095A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1759909A FR3072685B1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2017-10-20 Composition pour refroidir et lubrifier un systeme de motorisation d'un vehicule
FR1759909 2017-10-20
PCT/EP2018/078706 WO2019077105A1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2018-10-19 Composition pour refroidir et lubrifier un système de motorisation d'un véhicule

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US11085006B2 (en) * 2019-07-12 2021-08-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants for electric and hybrid vehicle applications
US11326123B1 (en) 2020-12-01 2022-05-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Durable lubricating fluids for electric vehicles
WO2022112899A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-06-02 Chevron Japan Ltd. Lubricating oil compositions
US11390789B2 (en) * 2018-07-13 2022-07-19 Total Marketing Services Cooling and flame-retardant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle
US20230039111A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2023-02-09 Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd. Lubricant composition
EP3984092B1 (en) 2019-06-12 2023-03-29 The Lubrizol Corporation Organic heat transfer system, method and fluid
US11634655B2 (en) 2021-03-30 2023-04-25 Afton Chemical Corporation Engine oils with improved viscometric performance
US11814599B2 (en) 2022-03-31 2023-11-14 Afton Chemical Corporation Durable magnet wires and lubricating fluids for electric and hybrid vehicle applications
US11912955B1 (en) 2022-10-28 2024-02-27 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating compositions for reduced low temperature valve train wear
US11939551B1 (en) 2023-06-27 2024-03-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating fluid for an electric motor system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US11390789B2 (en) * 2018-07-13 2022-07-19 Total Marketing Services Cooling and flame-retardant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle
EP3984092B1 (en) 2019-06-12 2023-03-29 The Lubrizol Corporation Organic heat transfer system, method and fluid
US11085006B2 (en) * 2019-07-12 2021-08-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants for electric and hybrid vehicle applications
US11512263B2 (en) 2019-07-12 2022-11-29 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants for electric and hybrid vehicle applications
US20230039111A1 (en) * 2020-01-15 2023-02-09 Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd. Lubricant composition
US11946013B2 (en) * 2020-01-15 2024-04-02 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricant composition
WO2022112899A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-06-02 Chevron Japan Ltd. Lubricating oil compositions
US11326123B1 (en) 2020-12-01 2022-05-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Durable lubricating fluids for electric vehicles
US11634655B2 (en) 2021-03-30 2023-04-25 Afton Chemical Corporation Engine oils with improved viscometric performance
US11814599B2 (en) 2022-03-31 2023-11-14 Afton Chemical Corporation Durable magnet wires and lubricating fluids for electric and hybrid vehicle applications
US11912955B1 (en) 2022-10-28 2024-02-27 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating compositions for reduced low temperature valve train wear
US11939551B1 (en) 2023-06-27 2024-03-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating fluid for an electric motor system

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KR20200073240A (ko) 2020-06-23
CN111373021A (zh) 2020-07-03
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FR3072685A1 (fr) 2019-04-26
JP7260555B2 (ja) 2023-04-18

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