US20190289882A1 - Glucose beverage comprising exogenous flavor source and color - Google Patents

Glucose beverage comprising exogenous flavor source and color Download PDF

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US20190289882A1
US20190289882A1 US16/339,835 US201716339835A US2019289882A1 US 20190289882 A1 US20190289882 A1 US 20190289882A1 US 201716339835 A US201716339835 A US 201716339835A US 2019289882 A1 US2019289882 A1 US 2019289882A1
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beverage
fructose
glucose
sucrose
colorant
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Paul BRESLIN
Richard H Selinfreund
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/60—Sweeteners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/54—Mixing with gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/56—Flavouring or bittering agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/58—Colouring agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A23L2/68—Acidifying substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
    • A23L27/36—Terpene glycosides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to beverages that closely match the sweetness, caloric and satiety sensations of sucrose-containing or high fructose corn syrup-containing beverages currently available to consumers but assist to ameliorate various disease conditions such as fatty liver disease and metabolic disease associated with those beverages.
  • sucrose or “soft drinks”
  • HFCS high fructose corn syrup
  • Sucrose which is used for sweetening multiple commercial beverages, is a disaccharide comprising the compositionally isomeric monosaccharides glucose and fructose when in their monomeric forms.
  • sucrose Upon ingestion by humans and other mammals, sucrose is hydrolyzed into these component monosaccharides by hydrolases situated in the membrane of the microvilli of the duodenum. The resulting glucose and fructose molecules are rapidly absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream.
  • Glucose can be utilized in any cell of the body. Fructose, however, can only be metabolized in the liver. As noted above, however, fructose is a major component of most soft drinks consumed in the United States
  • fatty liver syndrome has been considered as a co-morbidity with liver cirrhosis in patients who over consume alcohol.
  • cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver syndrome are now seen in patients. That is, fatty liver presentations on liver biopsy are seen that are not based on alcohol use. This presentation has been termed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).
  • NAFLD Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  • NAFLD is strongly associated with both middle age and being overweight or obese. Its increase almost parallels increased cases of pre-diabetes and diabetes. This wave of health issues is related to poor diet, lack of exercise, and increased consumption of sugar-sweetened foods. Sugared beverages contribute to the onset of diseases such as diabetes (metabolic disease) and fatty liver disease.
  • Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors that collectively are associated with increased risk for life-threatening diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and stroke [1]. These risk factors include abdominal adiposity, high levels of blood triglycerides, low levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. As noted above, the contribution of dietary fructose to metabolic disorders has come under close scrutiny in recent years.
  • Fructose may be associated with these metabolic problems because it is principally metabolized in the liver [9, 10].
  • Glucose metabolism is regulated at several points in the glycolytic pathway, bypassing regulation in the liver [11].
  • fructose consumption is high, its metabolism is unchecked and can contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [11-13].
  • the inventors herein suggest the replacement of fructose with glucose to curb the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
  • Modern soft drinks, or so called sodas are a major source of dietary fructose.
  • Caloric soft drinks are typically sweetened with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the US.
  • HFCS high fructose corn syrup
  • the average American consumes 41.4 gallons of caloric soft drinks per year, which equates to 14.5 ounces per day [14].
  • a typical 12 ounce soda contains 39 grams of HFCS in the form of HFCS 55 (55% fructose), the most commonly used sweetening system. Therefore, Americans consume on average roughly 26 grams of fructose from soft drinks per day [14].
  • Sucrose metabolism also leads to fructose.
  • fructose is found in other food sources such as fruit, fruit intake does not contribute a similar amount of fructose to the typical diet. For instance, Americans consume roughly 17.7 pounds of apples per capita per year (roughly 44 apples, assuming an average weight of 182 grams) [14]. One medium sized apple contains roughly 10 grams of fructose. To match the 26 grams of fructose from each soft drink, one needs to consume nearly 2.5 pounds of apples. This equates to over 1,100 apples per person per year, which clearly exceeds average consumption in America by almost 25 fold.
  • glucose as one component of its exogenous flavoring source in the beverage.
  • fructose or sweeteners containing fructose
  • sucrose which is 50% fructose on a molar basis
  • glucose is roughly three times sweeter than glucose on a molar basis.
  • such a sweetness matched glucose-only beverage would contain approximately 150% more calories than a sucrose- or HFCS-sweetened beverage, an undesirable result.
  • HFCS which approximates the invert sugar of sucrose (roughly equal parts glucose and fructose), is comparable in sweetness to sucrose on a calorie for calorie basis.
  • glucose concentration must be increased significantly unless other sweetening elements are added.
  • the inventors have realized that a mixture of glucose and a non-caloric sweetener can better match the taste profile of sucrose, without the need to increase caloric content, while still providing a caloric reward and sense of satiety.
  • a palatable sweetened beverage that does not comprise or comprises a non-appreciable amount of sucrose or fructose ( ⁇ 0.002 molar) but which provides a favorable taste profile and satiety reward and little or no off-tastes and lingering aftertastes.
  • the palatable sweetened beverage disclosed comprises a sweetener system that is essentially free of fructose and/or sucrose. Further it provides a favorable taste profile and satiety reward with little or no off-tastes and lingering aftertastes.
  • the fructose-free technology presented here helps ameliorate the risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes by protecting the liver from undue metabolic stress.
  • the disclosed invention provides in embodiments compositions for a palatable sweetened beverage using exogenous flavor components with glucose and a non-fructose producing high potency sweetener that provide improved aftertaste, but will not contribute to diseases associated with fructose consumption.
  • the disclosed compositions may be used together or in any combination.
  • a beverage comprising a sweetener system or composition that is essentially free ( ⁇ 0.002 M) from fructose but possesses less off-taste and lingering aftertaste than synthetically sweetened, low-caloric beverages.
  • the composition contains sufficient glucose (e.g., 40 g/serving) to stimulate the brain reward center but holds equal or fewer calories than standard soft drinks.
  • sufficient glucose e.g., 40 g/serving
  • a coloring system for the beverage which provides supplemental health benefits.
  • an exogenously flavored beverage composition comprising stevioside and a non-fructose producing sweetener in ratio of about 0.07% stevioside/non-fructose producing sweetener to about 0.001% stevioside/non-fructose producing sweetener which when consumed will not accelerate metabolic or liver disease or provoke other diseases such as cancer associated with synthetic dyes and colorants that are known in the art.
  • compositions for a reduced calorie, colored carbonated beverage that will not increase fatty liver syndrome due to the presence of fructose.
  • a beverage comprising an exogenous sweetening system comprising (i) glucose, (ii) optionally a glucose-based sugar polymer, (iii) a non-fructose producing high potency sweetener, (iv) optionally, a non-synthetic colorant, and (v), optionally an exogenous flavorant, wherein the beverage comprises less than 1 gram per serving of HFCS, sucrose, or any form of fructose or fructose-containing saccharide.
  • an exogenous sweetening system comprising (i) glucose, (ii) optionally a glucose-based sugar polymer, (iii) a non-fructose producing high potency sweetener, (iv) optionally, a non-synthetic colorant, and (v), optionally an exogenous flavorant, wherein the beverage comprises less than 1 gram per serving of HFCS, sucrose, or any form of fructose or fructose-containing saccharide.
  • the beverage is a carbonated beverage, a still beverage, a juice, a water beverage, a tea beverage, a beverage obtained from a sachet, a beverage obtained from a syrup mix, or a beverage obtained from a concentrate or syrup.
  • the beverage comprises about 0.6 molar glucose or less, in conjunction with a high potency sweetener selected from the group consisting of stevioside, a rebaudioside or a mogroside or combinations thereof.
  • the beverage the molar ratio of glucose to non-fructose producing high potency sweetener in the beverage is within the range of about 600/0.007 to about 100/0.07 glucose/non-fructose producing high potency sweetener
  • the beverage the optional glucose-based sugar polymer is selected from the group consisting of maltose, trehalose, the malto-oligosaccharides or the isomalto-oligosaccharides or combinations thereof.
  • fructose or a fructose producing sweetener is also added to the beverage but in an amount per dose below that associated with liver damage over repeated consumption (less than about 1 gram/dose)
  • the beverage is essentially free of fructose.
  • the beverage comprises the sugar alcohols maltose, trehalose, the malto-oligosaccharides or the isomalto-oligosaccharides or combinations thereof.
  • the high potency sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sucralose, acesulfame-K, cyclamate, aspartame, or combinations thereof.
  • a non-synthetic exogenous colorant is included such as the blue colorant derived from the Ternatea Processes.
  • a non-synthetic exogenous colorant is a purple colorant derived from the Ternatea Process wherein the pH is adjusted to greater than about 5.4 using a citrate buffer, or buffers comprising salts of malic, tartaric, phosphoric and ascorbic acids.
  • the non-synthetic exogenous colorant is also a flavoring agent.
  • the non-synthetic exogenous colorant is a red flavoring agent obtained from water soluble paprika.
  • the non-synthetic exogenous colorant is a green flavoring agent obtained from spinach, Swiss chard, collard greens, mustard greens, turnip greens, escarole or combinations thereof.
  • the non-synthetic exogenous colorant is the orange flavoring agent obtained from yams.
  • the optional exogenous flavorant is a water soluble capsicum or a capsaicinoid.
  • the optional exogenous flavorant comes from cold water extracted chili varieties.
  • the optional exogenous flavorant additionally comprises the cactus flavors of blue agave.
  • the optional exogenous flavorant is obtained from lime, lemon, orange, tangerine, raspberry, apple, pear, peach, blackberry, or strawberry fruits or combinations thereof.
  • the optional flavorant is oleocanthal or oleacin obtained from olives.
  • a carbonated beverage comprising about 0.6 molar glucose and about 0.75 mill molar stevioside, wherein the beverage comprises less than 1 gram per serving of HFCS, sucrose, or any form of fructose or fructose-containing saccharide, further comprising a colorant obtained from C. ternatea , wherein the carbonated beverage is adjusted to a pH of about 2.7 to 4.3.
  • a still (non-carbonated) beverage comprising about 0.6 molar glucose and about 0.25 mill molar stevioside, wherein the beverage comprises less than 1 gram per serving of HFCS, sucrose, or any form of fructose or fructose-containing saccharide, further comprising a colorant obtained from C. ternatea , wherein the carbonated beverage is adjusted to a pH of about 2.7 to 4.3.
  • an “exogenous flavor source” is a flavoring agent detectable by human taste buds obtained from a source outside of that from which glucose and/or a high potency sweetener is obtained.
  • non-fructose producing high potency sweetener is a non-nutritive or low calorie agent which provides a greatly enhanced sweet sensation to an animal compared to the sweet sensation of an equal concentration of sucrose, but does not produce fructose upon it metabolism.
  • the sweetener is considered to be non-nutritive because of amount used to obtain its sweetening effect is small compared to the calorie load provided otherwise by the beverage.
  • non-fructose producing high potency sweeteners obtained from plant sources are stevioside, the rabaudiosides and the mogrosides.
  • Other examples of such sweeteners are aspartame, neotame, sucralose, acesulfame-K, saccharin, advantame and sucralose.
  • Other non-fructose producing high potency sweeteners are protein based. Examples of such protein based sweeteners include miraculin, monellin, brazzein, and thaumatin.
  • steviol glycosides refers to the family of chemical compounds responsible for the sweet taste of the leaves of the South American plant Stevia rebaudiana . Such compounds have been identified specifically, for example, as stevioside, rebaudiosides A-E, and dulcoside A, all of which are identified as glycosides of steviol.
  • stevioside is a steviol glycoside sweetener identified by the chemical name: 13-[(2-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]kaur-16-en-18-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester.
  • Stevioside is contained, for example, in the commercial products Stevia and Truvia® along with other sweeteners and flavors.
  • the sweetening power of stevioside is estimated to be roughly 250-300 times that of sucrose.
  • rebaudioside refers to any and all of the family of steviol glycosides isolated from the plant Stevia Rebaudiana used as sweeteners, identified, for instance, by the chemical names rebaudoside A, rebaudoside B, rebaudoside C, rebaudoside D, rebaudoside E and rebaudoside M.
  • mogroside refers to compounds from the family of curcurbitane glycosides, used as sweeteners, found in plants such as the gourd vine Siraitia grosvenori .
  • pure mogroside-5 is considered to be as much as 400 times as sweet as sucrose.
  • non-fructose producing high potency sweeteners include the plant protein sweeteners such as miraculin, monellin, brazzein, and thaumatin. According to the invention, such sweeteners will be useful for the invention at ranges from 20 nanomolar to 500 nanomolar.
  • a carbonated beverage is a beverage which contains carbon dioxide and or carbonic acid, produced, for example, by bubbling carbon dioxide gas through an aqueous beverage solution.
  • a “still beverage” is a non-carbonated beverage, typically an aqueous beverage.
  • the carbonated or still beverages may comprise alcohol (ethanol).
  • tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over the leaves of the Camellia sinensis and then steeping of which there are many types.
  • a tea more generally, is any infusion of leaves, fruit or herbs parts made by extracting such with water.
  • a sachet is a porous bag filled with flavoring components such as sweeteners, herbs or aromatic ingredients that may be extracted to create a flavored and/or sweetened beverage.
  • the term “essentially free of fructose” means as including unavoidable levels of fructose as an impurity, but no more than that level.
  • the term “about” is taken to include an approximate value within normal operating ranges, that is, unless otherwise indicated, a range of ⁇ 10% around a stated value. For instance, “about 0.6 molar” would generally mean “in the range of 0.54 molar to 0.66 molar.”
  • glucose refers to the aldohexose D-glucose, the form occurring widely in nature, in either its more stable glucopyranose forms or its acyclic form obtained in mixture, for instance, by hydrolyzing sucrose to obtain glucose and fructose.
  • fructose (fruit sugar) refers to a-D-fructopyranose and its structural isomer ⁇ -D-fructofuranose, as well as its acyclic forms, obtained in mixture, for instance, by hydrolyzing sucrose to obtain glucose and fructose.
  • “High fructose corn syrup” (HFCS) is a sweetener which may be made from corn starch that has been processed by glucose isomerase to convert some of its glucose into fructose. For example, HFCS 55 (containing 55% fructose) is predominantly used for sodas in the United States.
  • oligosaccharide refers to a carbohydrate comprising two to ten monosaccharide residues with a defined structure.
  • malto-oligosaccharide or “MOS” refers to glucose oligomers with ⁇ -D-(1,4)-linkages and mixtures thereof.
  • isomalto-oligosaccharide or “IMO” refers to glucose oligomers with ⁇ -D-(1,6)-linkages and mixtures thereof.
  • glucose-based sugar polymer refers, by example, to oligomeric glucose containing molecules such as maltose and trehalose and the like, and more complex molecules such as the malto-oligosaccharides and the isomalto-oligosaccharides, that is molecules comprising predominantly subunits of glucose linked via different configurations.
  • Stevioside concentrations ranging from 0.1 millimolar to 1.0 millimolar, used in combination with glucose concentrations ranging from 0.06 molar to 0.7 molar, are of utility for the invention. Such concentration ranges for stevioside and glucose span the compositions envisioned for full calorie sodas and reduced calorie sodas of the invention.
  • Rebaudioside concentrations including rebaudoside A, rebaudoside B, rebaudoside C, rebaudoside D, rebaudoside E and rebaudoside M. ranging from 0.1 millimolar to 1.0 millimolar (and a Monk fruit glycoside, such as mogroside), used in combination with glucose concentrations ranging from 0.1 molar to 0.7 molar, are of utility for the invention.
  • concentration ranges for rebaudiosides and glucose span the compositions envisioned for full calorie sodas and reduced calorie sodas of the invention.
  • suitable colorants and flavorants preferably obtained from edible plant or vegetable sources. In many cases, the colorants also function as flavorants.
  • suitable colorants and flavorants are those obtained from dried blossoms of C. ternatea (Stock Colorant Solution), the red flavorant which comes from water soluble paprika (which is a rich source of the carotenoid lycopene, associated with multiple health benefits, and is low in fructose).
  • Other flavorants/colorants come from spinach, Swiss chard, collard greens, mustard greens, turnip greens and escarole (vegetables which provide green and red colors and are all low in fructose and also provide the carotenoid lutein associated with brain and cognitive health and improved vision).
  • flavorants/colorants suitable for the invention are those obtained from lime, lemon, orange, tangerine, raspberry, apple, pear, peach, blackberry, and strawberry fruits.
  • the colorant caramel (containing 4-methylimidazole), which has been associated with cancer in humans, is an excluded embodiment of the invention.
  • flavorants/colorants suitable for the invention are the orange colorant obtained from yams (which are low in fructose and high in the carotenoid ⁇ -carotene, a physiologically regulated source of vitamin A), the hot/spicy flavor which comes from a water-soluble capsicum (for instance, that sold by Kalsec Inc., 3713 West Main, P.O. Box 511, Kalamazoo, Mich.
  • oleoresin capsicum water soluble
  • other capsaicinoids that are naturally water soluble
  • flavorants that come from cold-water extracted chili varieties such as NuMex Big Jims, NuMex Joe E Parker, NuMex Heritage 6-4, sandias, poblanos and jalapenos
  • Other desirable flavorants include extractants from olives including the antioxidants and anti-inflammatories oleocanthal and oleacin.
  • Additional flavorants are cactus flavors obtained from the blue agave, for example, Repasado and Anejo flavors (such cactus flavors resonate with the chili and pepper flavors regionally).
  • Glucose, sucrose and stevia were ACS reagent-grade compounds. These sweeteners were dissolved in water (Millipore) and maintained at 20 degrees Celsius. All solutions were prepared at least 24 hours prior to use to allow for complete mutarotation of tautomers.
  • test solution was prepared containing 0.6 M glucose and 0.24 mM stevioside in water.
  • a reference solution containing 0.32 M sucrose in water was also prepared.
  • the concentration of sucrose reflects the concentration of sugar in popular sodas.
  • the concentration of glucose was chosen to match the concentration of sucrose in grams per liter.
  • test solution was prepared as in Example 1 but containing 0.6 M glucose and 0.75 mM stevioside. Solutions were carbonated with a commercial carbonation device (SodaStreamTM) which was used according to the product instructions. Carbonation was found to exacerbate the difference in sweetness between the solutions, so the concentration of stevioside was increased to 0.75 millimolar.
  • the reference solution contained 0.32 M sucrose.
  • the reference solution contained 0.32 M sucrose.
  • the test solution of Example 1 contained 0.6 M glucose and 0.24 mM stevioside.
  • the concentration of sucrose in the reference solution reflects the concentration of sugar in popular sodas.
  • the concentration of glucose was chosen to match the grams of sucrose used per liter.
  • samples were carbonated using a commercial carbonation product. Carbonation exacerbated the difference in sweetness between the solutions, so the concentration of stevioside was increased to 0.75 millimolar.
  • the reference solution contained 0.32 M sucrose.
  • the test solution (Example 2) contained 0.608 M glucose and 0.75 mM stevioside.
  • a “Duo-Trio Taste Discrimination Protocol” was practiced. Subjects participated in two test sessions per day with 6 sessions per week for a total of 12 sessions. Each session comprised 5 discrimination trials. In total, each subject performed 60 trials. Subjects rinsed the whole mouth thoroughly with water prior to testing. 10 mL samples were presented in I ounce (30 ml) medicine cups.
  • sucrose a disaccharide of glucose and fructose
  • sucrose a disaccharide of glucose and fructose
  • diet sodas were developed to satisfy the need for sweet but reduce energy density. Though non-nutritive sweeteners can match the sweetness intensity of sugars, diet soda is not as popular as caloric soda [14].
  • theories as to why diet sodas are not as preferred as much as sugar sodas include: a) the fear that artificial sweetener systems are less healthy than sugar and may cause diseases, b) the dislike of high potency sweetener system taste profiles [16], c) fear of eating foods that are deemed unnatural, and d) the lack of caloric reward or reinforcement to drive future consumption [19].
  • diet sodas do little to reduce appetite and may in fact promote it [20, 21]. Conversely, other evidence shows that diet soda is more effective than water in promoting weight loss.
  • diet sodas comprise only 10-30% of the soda market.
  • diet sodas comprise only 10-30% of the soda market. Because diet sodas have failed to replace HFCS sweetened sodas in the United States, they have done little to curb rates of obesity or metabolic syndrome.
  • glucose sweetened beverage will not reduce energy intake, it will have much greater appeal than diet sodas and can feasibly replace a larger proportion of fructose in the American diet by removing HFCS and sucrose sweetened beverages.
  • an equicaloric glucose sweetened beverage will reduce plasma dyslipidemias, HDL cholesterol, insulin insensitivity, and promote weight loss.
  • Stock Colorant Solution has a very dark indigo color. When diluted 10:1 with water the stock solution gives a dark indigo solution with pH of 5.36. The diluted solution provided a purple pink color when the pH of the solution was lowered to 2.46 with the addition of L-ascorbic acid.
  • the 10:1 diluted Stock Colorant Solution was buffered to 3 different pH values using a citric acid and sodium citrate buffer system.
  • the colors at different pHs was as follows: pH 2.72, purple pink; pH 3.2, blue; pH 4.25, darker blue.
  • compositions of the invention examples include malic, tartaric, phosphoric and ascorbic acids and their salts and other organic and inorganic acids and their salts known to the artisan.
  • composition for 1 liter of the pH 3.1 Soda Syrup was as follows: 3.04 M Glucose, 0.0005 M Sucralose, 12 g Citric acid, 5 g Na Gluconate, 40 drops Vivid Wild Raspberry, 20 drops Vivid Tangerine and 10 drops Vivid Lemon Juice.
  • composition for 1 liter of the pH 5.4 Soda Syrup was as follows: 3.04 M Glucose, 0.0005 M Sucralose, 5 g Na Gluconate, 40 drops Vivid Wild Raspberry, 20 drops Vivid Tangerine and 10 drops Vivid Lemon Juice.
  • Pink/Purple Soda was prepared by combining 200 ml of pH 3.1 Soda Syrup with 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of Stock Colorant Solution in water. The mixture was diluted to 1000 mL using reverse osmosis filtered water. This solution was carbonated using a Soda Stream carbonator and then stored in capped 12 oz. sterilized bottles.
  • Pink/Purple Soda was prepared by combining 200 ml of pH 3.1 Soda Syrup with 1 tablespoon (15 grams) of Stock Colorant Solution in water. The mixture was diluted to 1000 mL using reverse osmosis filtered water. This solution was carbonated using a Soda Stream carbonator and then stored in capped 12 oz. sterilized bottles.
  • a full-caloried beverage comprises about 0.61 M Glucose and 0.75 mM stevioside for a 12 ounce (355 ml) serving.
  • This beverage is equally caloric to a soda containing 39 g of HFCS.
  • stevioside sweetener may be replaced with rebaudioside D (the least bitter natural sweetener in Stevia) and/or other related sweeteners such as the mogrosides from Luo Han Guo (Monk Fruit), or others as described previously herein as high potency sweeteners.
  • the high potency sweetener added to this glucose beverage could be of the synthetic variety such as sucralose, acesulfame-K, cyclamate, aspartame or any combination thereof.
  • lower calorie versions of this beverage can be created by lowering the level of glucose in the beverage with concomitant increases in high potency sweetener.
  • Such beverages would comprise less than about 0.6 M glucose.
  • glucose should not be lowered to less than a bout 10% of its caloric value, not less than a concentration of about 60 millimolar.
  • beverages containing glucose can be substituted up to 10% with maltose and small chain malto-oligosaccharides (MOS).
  • MOS are comprised entirely of glucose polymers, and contain no fructose, but have a different flavor/taste profile from glucose that people find reinforcing.

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US16/339,835 2016-10-18 2017-10-18 Glucose beverage comprising exogenous flavor source and color Pending US20190289882A1 (en)

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WO2018075618A1 (en) 2018-04-26
US11219229B2 (en) 2022-01-11
JP2019530465A (ja) 2019-10-24
CA3039932A1 (en) 2018-04-26
EP3528641C0 (en) 2023-07-12
US20200077681A1 (en) 2020-03-12
MX2019004567A (es) 2019-10-09
EP3528641B1 (en) 2023-07-12
EP3528641A4 (en) 2020-06-03
JP6995850B2 (ja) 2022-01-17

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