US20190211817A1 - High-pressure positive displacement plunger pump - Google Patents
High-pressure positive displacement plunger pump Download PDFInfo
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- US20190211817A1 US20190211817A1 US16/242,497 US201916242497A US2019211817A1 US 20190211817 A1 US20190211817 A1 US 20190211817A1 US 201916242497 A US201916242497 A US 201916242497A US 2019211817 A1 US2019211817 A1 US 2019211817A1
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- pump
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- fluid displacement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B43/06—Pumps having fluid drive
- F04B43/073—Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve
- F04B43/0736—Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve with two or more pumping chambers in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B45/04—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B45/047—Pumps having electric drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/02—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having two cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/14—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
- F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/005—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders with two cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/02—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/01—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being mechanical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B45/04—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B45/041—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms double acting plate-like flexible pumping member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
- F04B9/12—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
- F04B9/129—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers
- F04B9/131—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
- F04B9/12—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
- F04B9/129—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers
- F04B9/131—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members
- F04B9/135—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by two single-acting elastic-fluid motors, each acting in one direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
- F04B2203/04—Motor parameters of linear electric motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2210/00—Working fluid
- F05B2210/10—Kind or type
- F05B2210/12—Kind or type gaseous, i.e. compressible
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to positive displacement pumps and more particularly to an internal drive system and displacement mechanism for positive displacement pumps.
- Positive displacement pumps discharge a process fluid at a selected flow rate.
- a fluid displacement member usually a piston or diaphragm, drives the process fluid through the pump.
- a suction condition is created in the fluid flow path, which draws process fluid into a fluid cavity from the inlet manifold.
- the fluid displacement member then reverses direction and forces the process fluid out of the fluid cavity through the outlet manifold.
- Air operated double displacement pumps typically employ diaphragms as the fluid displacement members.
- the two diaphragms are joined by a shaft, and compressed air is the working fluid in the pump. Compressed air is supplied to one of two diaphragm chambers, associated with the respective diaphragms.
- compressed air is supplied to the first diaphragm chamber, the first diaphragm is deflected into the first fluid cavity, which discharges the process fluid from that fluid cavity.
- the first diaphragm pulls the shaft, which is connected to the second diaphragm, drawing the second diaphragm in and pulling process fluid into the second fluid cavity.
- the compressed air that had previously driven the second diaphragm is typically exhausted to the atmosphere.
- the delivery of compressed air is controlled by an air valve, and the air valve is usually mechanically actuated by the diaphragms.
- the air valve is usually mechanically actuated by the diaphragms.
- one diaphragm is pulled in until it causes the actuator to toggle the air valve.
- Toggling the air valve exhausts the compressed air from the first diaphragm chamber to the atmosphere and introduces fresh compressed air to the second diaphragm chamber, thus causing a reciprocating movement of the respective diaphragms.
- the first and second fluid displacement members could be pistons instead of diaphragms, and the pump would operate in the same manner.
- Hydraulically driven double displacement pumps utilize hydraulic fluid as the working fluid, which allows the pump to operate at much higher pressures than an air driven pump.
- hydraulic fluid drives one fluid displacement member into a pumping stroke. That fluid displacement member is mechanically attached to the second fluid displacement member and thereby pulls the second fluid displacement member into a suction stroke.
- the hydraulic fluid is typically exhausted back to the hydraulic circuit as the fluid displacement members are pulled through the suction stroke.
- the use of hydraulic fluid and pistons enables the pump to operate at higher pressures than those achievable by an air driven diaphragm pump.
- double diaphragm displacement pumps may be mechanically operated, without the use of air or hydraulic fluid.
- the operation of the pump is essentially similar to an air operated double displacement pump, except compressed air is not used to drive the system.
- a reciprocating drive is mechanically connected to both the first fluid displacement member and the second fluid displacement member, and the reciprocating drive drives the two fluid displacement members into suction and pumping strokes.
- a pump for pumping a process fluid includes a housing defining an internal pressure chamber, the internal pressure chamber configured to contain a working fluid; a reciprocating member disposed within the internal pressure chamber; a fluid displacement component having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface configured to contact the working fluid and the second surface configured to contact the process fluid, wherein the fluid displacement component is configured such that pressure exerted on the first surface by the working fluid moves the second surface in a first direction towards the process fluid to expel the process fluid downstream, and wherein the area of the first surface is greater than the area of the second surface; and a pull extending between the reciprocating member and the fluid displacement component, the pull mechanically transferring a pulling force from the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component to move the fluid displacement component in a second direction that is the opposite of the first direction, wherein the pull does not mechanically transfer a pushing force from the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component when the reciprocating member moves in the first direction.
- a pump for pumping a process fluid includes a housing defining an internal pressure chamber, the internal pressure chamber configured to contain a working fluid; a reciprocating member; a fluid displacement component having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface configured to contact the working fluid and the second surface configured to contact the process fluid, wherein the fluid displacement component is configured such that pressure exerted on the first surface by the working fluid moves the second surface in a first direction to expel the process fluid, and wherein the area of the first surface is greater than the area of the second surface; and a pull that links the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component, the pull mechanically transferring a pulling force from the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component to move the fluid displacement component in a second direction.
- FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a pump, drive system, and motor.
- FIG. 2A is an exploded perspective view of the pump, drive system, and drive of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a second pump.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a third pump.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a piston and pulls.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth pump.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth pump.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of pump 10 , electric drive 12 , and drive system 14 .
- Pump 10 includes inlet manifold 16 ; outlet manifold 18 ; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b; inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b; and outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b.
- Drive system 14 includes housing 28 and piston guide 30 . Housing 28 includes working fluid inlet 32 .
- Electric drive 12 includes motor 34 , gear reduction 36 , and drive 38 .
- Outlet manifold 18 includes elbows 19 a, 19 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 includes elbows 19 c, 19 d.
- Housing 28 defines an internal drive chamber that at least partially accommodates drive 38 of electric drive 12 .
- Fluid covers 20 a and 20 b are attached to housing 28 by fasteners 40 a.
- End covers 22 a, 22 b are attached, respectively, to fluid covers 20 a, 20 b by fasteners 40 b extending through end covers 22 a, 22 b into fluid covers 20 a, 20 b.
- Fasteners 40 a and fasteners 40 b can be any desired fastener suitable for connecting various components together for operation.
- fasteners 40 a and fasteners 40 b can each be threaded bolts, but it is understood that any other desired type of fastener can be utilized.
- Elbows 19 a, 19 b provide a flowpath between outlet manifold 18 and end covers 22 a, 22 b, respectively.
- Elbows 19 c, 19 d, respectively, provide flowpaths between inlet manifold 16 and end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- outlet manifold 18 is described as including elbows 19 a, 19 b and inlet manifold 16 is described as including elbows 19 c, 19 d, it is understood that outlet manifold 18 and inlet manifold 16 can include any suitable structure for providing flowpaths into and out of end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- elbows 19 a, 19 b and elbows 19 c, 19 d can be separate from or integrated into outlet manifold 18 and inlet manifold 16 , respectively.
- Inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b (shown in FIG. 2 ) are disposed between inlet manifold 16 and end covers 22 a, 22 b, respectively.
- Outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b are disposed between outlet manifold 18 and end covers 22 a, 22 b, respectively.
- Inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b, and outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b are oriented to manage the flow of process fluid from inlet manifold 16 to outlet manifold 18 .
- Inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b, and outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b prevent retrograde flow of process fluid from outlet manifold 18 to inlet manifold 16 .
- Gear reduction drive 38 includes internal gearing (not shown) configured to reduce the output speed of motor 34 to a desired driving speed for drive 38 .
- Gear reduction drive 38 powers drive 38 to cause the pumping of pump 10 .
- Drive 38 is secured to housing 28 and extends at least partially into a drive chamber defined by housing 28 .
- Housing 26 is filled with a working fluid, either a gas, such as compressed air, or a non-compressible hydraulic fluid, through working fluid inlet 30 .
- a working fluid either a gas, such as compressed air, or a non-compressible hydraulic fluid
- housing 26 may further include an accumulator (not shown) for storing a portion of the non-compressible hydraulic fluid during an overpressurization event.
- drive 38 causes drive system 14 to draw process fluid from inlet manifold 16 into either of the two flowpaths through end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- the working fluid in housing 26 causes a fluid displacement member internal to pump 10 to discharge the process fluid from either flowpath though end covers 22 a, 22 b to outlet manifold 18 .
- Inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b prevent the process fluid from backflowing into inlet manifold 16 while the process fluid is being discharged to outlet manifold 18 .
- outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b prevent the process fluid from backflowing into either flowpath from outlet manifold 18 as the process fluid is drawn into the flowpaths from inlet manifold 16 .
- FIG. 2A is an exploded, perspective view of pump 10 .
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of pump 10 taken along line 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 .
- Pump 10 includes inlet manifold 16 ; outlet manifold 18 ; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b; inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b; outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b; bushings 42 a, 42 b; fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b; outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b; collars 48 a, 48 b; and sealing rings 50 a, 50 b.
- Drive system 14 includes housing 28 ; piston guide 30 ; piston 52 ; pulls 54 a, 54 b; and face plates 56 a, 56 b.
- Housing 28 includes working fluid inlet 32 and guide opening 58 .
- Housing 28 defines internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Piston guide 30 includes barrel nut 62 and guide pin 64 .
- Piston 52 includes pull chambers 66 a, 66 b; central slot 68 ; and axial slot 70 .
- Fluid covers 20 a, 20 b include, respectively, ports 72 a, 72 b.
- Fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b include, respectively, diaphragms 74 a, 74 b; inner plates 76 a, 76 b; outer plates 78 a, 78 b; plungers 80 a, 80 b; attachment members 82 a, 82 b.
- Outlet manifold 18 includes elbows 19 a, 19 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 includes elbows 19 c, 19 d.
- Drive 38 of electric drive 12 ( FIG. 1 ) is shown. As shown in FIG. 2B , drive 38 includes drive shaft 84 and cam follower 86 .
- FIG. 2B A left-right directional convention is indicated on FIG. 2B . “Inner” as used herein refers to being closer to the axis of drive shaft 84 and/or cam follower 86 while “outer” as used herein refers to being further away from the axis of drive shaft 84 and/or the follower 86 along pump axis A-A in either the left or right direction.
- Housing 28 is disposed between fluid cover 20 a and fluid cover 20 b.
- Outer cylinder 46 a extends between and is retained between fluid cover 20 a and end cover 22 a.
- Outer cylinder 46 b extends between and is retained between fluid cover 20 b and end cover 22 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 is configured to provide process fluid to pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b ( FIG. 2B ) within end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- Elbow 19 c extends to end cover 22 a, and elbow 19 d extends to end cover 22 b.
- Inlet check valve 24 a is disposed between end cover 22 a and elbow 19 c.
- Inlet check valve 24 b is disposed between end cover 22 b and elbow 19 d.
- Inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b allow the process fluid to flow into end covers 22 a, 22 b, while preventing the process fluid from backflowing out of end covers 22 a, 22 b to inlet manifold 16 . While inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b are shown as ball and seat-type check valves, it is understood that any suitable valve for preventing backflow of the process fluid can be utilized.
- Outlet manifold 18 is configured to receive process fluid from pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b.
- Elbow 19 a extends from end cover 22 a
- elbow 19 b extends from end cover 22 b.
- Outlet check valve 26 a is disposed between end cover 22 a and elbow 19 a.
- Outlet check valve 26 b is disposed between end cover 22 b and elbow 19 b.
- Outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b allow the process fluid to flow out of end covers 22 a, 22 b, while preventing the process fluid from backflowing into end covers 22 a, 22 b from outlet manifold 18 . While outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b are shown as ball and seat-type check valves, it is understood that any suitable valve for preventing backflow of the process fluid can be utilized.
- Piston 52 is disposed within housing 28 and is configured to be driven in a reciprocating manner along pump axis A-A by drive 38 .
- Drive shaft 84 is powered by electric drive 12 ( FIG. 1 ).
- Cam follower 86 extends from drive shaft 84 into central slot 68 of piston 52 to drive the reciprocation of piston 52 .
- Cam follower 86 engages the walls defining central slot 68 of piston 52 .
- Bushings 42 a, 42 b are disposed within and supported by housing 28 .
- Piston 52 is disposed within, and rides on, bushings 42 a, 42 b, which restrict piston 52 to lateral (left and right) motion.
- cam follower 86 is offset from the axial center of the drive shaft 84 such that cam follower 86 orbits the axis of drive shaft 84 , instead of merely rotating about its own axis. Due to cam follower 86 being located within vertically orientated central slot 68 of piston 52 , cam follower 86 does not push piston 52 up or down. Instead, cam follower 86 forces piston 52 to reciprocate laterally left and right along pump axis A-A. While pump 10 is described as including piston 52 , it is understood that any desired type of reciprocating member can be utilized, which may include, but is not limited to, a scotch yoke or other reciprocating drive.
- Piston guide 30 extends through housing 28 and is configured to prevent piston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A.
- Barrel nut 62 extends through guide opening 58 , and guide pin 64 is connected to barrel nut 62 .
- guide pin 64 rides within axial slot 70 of piston 52 to prevent piston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A.
- Piston guide 28 thereby ensures that the motion of piston 52 is limited to reciprocation along piston axis A-A.
- Piston 52 includes pull chamber 66 a disposed within a first end of piston 52 and pull chamber 66 b disposed within a second, opposite end of piston 52 .
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b are disposed at opposite ends of piston 52 and cap pull chambers 66 a, 66 b.
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b are configured to retain pulls 54 a, 54 b, within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b of piston 52 .
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b include fastener openings to facilitate connection with piston 52 . Any desired fastener, such as a bolt, can extend through the fastener openings into piston 52 to secure face plates 56 a, 56 b to piston 52 .
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b extend out of pull chambers 66 a, 66 b through the openings in face plates 56 a, 56 b.
- Pump 10 includes fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b are shown to include diaphragms 74 a, 74 b, respectively. It is understood, however, that fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b can omit diaphragms or other illustrated components. Fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b can be or contain pistons or any other suitable component for displacing process fluid.
- pump 10 is described as a double displacement pump, utilizing dual fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b, it is understood that a single fluid displacement component may be used in a pump (e.g., with only one diaphragm or piston). As such, various examples of pump 10 can be single-displacement or double-displacement pumps.
- Fluid covers 20 a, 20 b are secured to opposite ends of housing 28 by fasteners 40 a extending through fluid covers 20 a, 20 b into housing 28 .
- Ports 72 a, 72 b extend through fluid covers and fluidly connect outer chambers 88 a, 88 b, which are defined by diaphragms 74 a, 74 b and fluid covers 20 a, 20 b, with the atmosphere.
- Diaphragm 74 a is secured between housing 28 and fluid cover 20 a to define and seal, in part, internal pressure chamber 60 .
- diaphragm 74 b is secured between housing 28 and end cover fluid cover 20 b to define and seal, in part, internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Diaphragms 74 a, 74 b are configured to flex and spring back to a nominal shape.
- diaphragms 74 a, 74 b can be elastic disks.
- Diaphragms 74 a, 74 b are sandwiched between inner plates 76 a, 76 b and outer plates 78 a, 78 b.
- Inner plates 76 a, 76 b are disposed on a side of diaphragms 74 a, 74 b facing internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Outer plates 78 a, 78 b are disposed on a side of diaphragms 74 a, 74 b facing outer chambers 88 a, 88 b.
- Diaphragm 74 a defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber 60 and outer chamber 88 a.
- Diaphragm 74 b also defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber 60 a and outer chamber 88 b.
- Internal pressure chamber 60 is defined by housing 28 and diaphragms 74 a, 74 b.
- Outer chambers 88 a, 88 b are further defined in part by fluid covers 20 a, 20 b.
- the volume of outer chambers 88 a, 88 b changes inversely with a change in the volume of internal pressure chamber 60 due to the movement of the diaphragms 74 a, 74 b.
- outer chambers 88 a, 88 b can be sealed to prevent fluid from escaping outer chambers 88 a, 88 b.
- outer chambers 88 a, 88 b can be charged with a fluid (gas or liquid), the presence of which may prevent process fluid or working fluid from escaping into and through the outer chambers 88 a, 88 b.
- the charge fluid in outer chambers 88 a, 88 b can thereby prevents contamination of the process fluid or working fluid in the event of seal failure.
- Plungers 80 a, 80 b extend from outer plates 78 a, 78 b, through outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b, and into pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b.
- Diaphragms 74 a, 74 b are attached to plungers 80 a, 80 b by attachment members 82 a, 82 b. Attachment members 82 a, 82 b can connect diaphragms 74 a, 74 b and plungers 80 a, 80 b in any desired manner.
- attachment members 82 a, 82 b can threadedly engage the central holes in plungers 80 a, 80 b and pulls 54 a, 54 b, sandwiching and securing inner plates 76 a, 76 b; the central portions of diaphragms 74 a, 74 b; and outer plates 78 a, 78 b therebetween.
- pull 54 a, attachment member 82 a, diaphragm 74 a, inner plate 76 a, outer plate 78 a, and plunger 80 a are attached as an assembly and move together.
- attachment member 82 b is attached as an assembly and move together. While attachment members 82 a, 82 b are used to connect the central portions of diaphragms 74 a, 74 b with plungers 80 a, 80 b, it is understood that plungers 80 a, 80 b can be connected to diaphragms 74 a, 74 b in any desired manner.
- outer plates 78 a, 78 b can be partially or wholly embedded in the material that forms diaphragms 74 a, 74 b, and plungers 80 a, 80 b can be connected (e.g., adhered, welded, bolted, or threadedly attached) to outer plates 78 a, 78 b.
- plungers 80 a, 80 b are at least partially embedded in the material that forms diaphragms 74 a, 74 b, thereby omitting outer plates 78 a, 78 b.
- plungers 80 a, 80 b and outer plates 78 a, 78 b are integrally formed as a single part.
- Fasteners 40 b extend through end covers 22 a, 22 b and into fluid covers 20 a, 20 b, clamping outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b therebetween.
- Plungers 80 a, 80 b extend into pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b through outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b.
- Pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b are formed between end covers 22 a, 22 b and plungers 80 a, 80 b.
- Plungers 80 a, 80 b are configured to slide within outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b and into and out of pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b.
- the diameter of the outer circumference of plungers 80 a, 80 b is slightly less than the diameter of the inner circumference of outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b.
- the outer circumferential surface of plungers 80 a, 80 b interfaces with the inner circumferential surface of outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b. These surfaces can be dimensioned to move relative to each other but also seal between themselves.
- the inner surfaces of the inside entrances to end covers 22 a, 22 b are cylindrical and interface with the outer circumferential surface of plungers 80 a, 80 b to limit or prevent leakage of process fluid past the interface of plungers 80 a, 80 b and end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- Collars 48 a, 48 b are disposed adjacent the inner sides of end covers 22 a, 22 b. Collars 48 a, 48 b receive an outer end of outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b. Sealing rings 50 a, 50 b are disposed between collars 48 a, 48 b and end covers 22 a, 22 b. Sealing rings 50 a, 50 b extend around and interface with an outer edge of plungers 80 a, 80 b.
- Sealing rings 50 a, 50 b seal circumferentially about plungers 80 a, 80 b to prevent process fluid within pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b from escaping along the periphery of the plungers 80 a, 80 b Likewise, sealing rings 50 a, 50 b can prevent working fluid that has escaped from internal pressure chamber 60 (or from another source) from entering pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b and contaminating the process fluid. While pump 10 is described as including outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b and collars 48 a, 48 b, it is understood that end covers 22 a, 22 b can directly abut fluid covers 20 a, 20 b. In such an example, sealing rings 50 a, 50 b can be retained between fluid covers 20 a, 20 b and end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- Internal pressure chamber 60 is configured to be charged with a working fluid during operation of pump 10 .
- the working fluid is either a gas, such as compressed air, or a non-compressible hydraulic fluid.
- the output pressure from pump 10 is set by charging the working fluid in internal pressure chamber 60 to a desired operational pressure.
- the working fluid is configured to drive each fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b through a pumping stroke, where plungers 80 a, 80 b are driven into pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b to reduce the volume of pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b and drive the process fluid downstream out of pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b to outlet manifold 18 .
- Piston 52 is configured to draw each fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b through a suction stroke, where plungers 80 a, 80 b are pulled out of pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b to increase the volume of pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b and draw the process fluid upstream into pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b from inlet manifold 16 .
- drive shaft 84 rotates about its axis and causes orbital movement of cam follower 86 about driveshaft axis D-D (shown in FIG. 1 ).
- Cam follower 86 drives the oscillation of piston 52 along piston axis A-A.
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b facilitate mechanical pulling of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b during suction strokes, but not pushing on fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b during pumping strokes.
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b and piston 52 are configured such that pulls 54 a, 54 b are unable to exert sufficient pressure on fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b to cause fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b to proceed through a pumping stroke.
- pump 10 is shown as including pulls 54 a, 54 b, it is understood that any desired intermediate component capable of pulling in tension but not pushing in compression can connect piston 52 to fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b are slidably disposed within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b.
- Each pull 54 a, 54 b has a main body that extends through the pull opening in face plate 56 a, 56 b.
- the respective ends of pulls 54 a, 54 b disposed within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b are flanged, such that the flanged end of each pull 54 a, 54 b has a wider diameter than the main body portion of each pull 54 a, 54 b.
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b are configured to engage the flanged ends of pulls 54 a, 54 b to facilitate the suction stoke of each fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- Piston 52 is thereby capable of pulling pulls 54 a, 54 b, and thus fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b, inward through a suction stroke, but is incapable of pushing fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b outward through a pumping stroke.
- Pull chambers 66 a, 66 b are dimensioned such that pulls 54 a, 54 b simply slide further into pull chambers 66 a, 66 b as piston 52 moves toward fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- Piston 52 is driven leftward and rightward along piston axis A-A by cam follower 86 .
- piston 52 moves leftward, piston 52 pulls, by way of face plate 56 a, pull 54 a to the left.
- Piston 52 thereby pulls fluid displacement component 44 a to the left due to the connection of pull 54 a and fluid displacement component 44 a.
- the flanged end of pull 54 a can move within pull chamber 66 a, so when piston 52 reaches the end of the leftward travel and reverses to rightward travel, the flanged end of pull 54 a can slide relative to piston 52 within pull chamber 66 a. As such, piston 52 is prevented from pushing on pull 54 a as piston 52 moves rightward.
- Piston 52 thereby does not drive fluid displacement component 44 a rightward through a pumping stroke. Instead, what moves fluid displacement component 44 a rightward is the charge pressure of the working fluid within internal pressure chamber 60 pushing on the inner side of the fluid displacement component 44 a, and specifically on inner plate 76 a and the diaphragm 74 a.
- outlet check valve 26 b causes outlet check valve 26 b to open and drives the process fluid downstream out of pumping chamber 90 b through outlet check valve 26 b.
- the process fluid flows out of pumping chamber 90 b into outlet manifold 18 .
- the increased pressure in pumping chamber 90 b due to the advancement of plunger 80 b also causes inlet check valve 24 b to close, thereby preventing retrograde flow of process fluid from pumping chamber 90 b upstream past inlet check valve 24 b.
- piston 52 After piston 52 reaches the furthest extent of its leftward movement, piston 52 reverses course and is driven rightward by cam follower 86 . As discussed above, the charge pressure of the working fluid drives fluid displacement component 44 a through a pumping stroke as piston 52 moves rightward, and piston 52 pulls fluid displacement component 44 b through a suction stroke as piston 52 moves rightward.
- piston 52 moves rightward, piston 52 pulls pull 54 b, by way of face plate 56 b, to the right. Piston 52 thereby pulls fluid displacement component 44 b to the right, causing fluid displacement component 44 b to proceed through a suction stroke.
- the flanged end of pull 54 b can move within pull chamber 66 b.
- piston 52 reaches the end of its rightward travel and reverses to leftward travel, the flanged end of pull 54 b can slide relative to piston 52 within pull chamber 66 b, and piston 52 is prevented from pushing on pull 54 b as piston 52 moves leftward. Piston 52 thereby does not drive fluid displacement component 44 b leftward through a pumping stroke. Instead, the charge pressure within internal pressure chamber 60 pushing on the inner side of the fluid displacement component 44 b, and specifically on inner plate 76 b and the diaphragm 74 b, moves fluid displacement component 44 b leftward through a pumping stroke.
- Piston 52 As piston 52 travels rightward the charge pressure of the working fluid within internal pressure chamber 60 drives fluid displacement component 44 a rightward through a pumping stroke. Piston 52 does not mechanically force fluid displacement component 44 a to move rightward (outward) because the inner flange end of pull 84 a slides within pull chamber 66 a. Instead, it is the charge pressure of the working fluid in internal pressure chamber 60 that pushes fluid displacement component 44 a, and specifically diaphragm 74 a and inner plate 76 a, forcing plunger 80 a further into pumping chamber 90 a.
- Forcing plunger 80 a into pumping chamber 90 a reduces the available volume within pumping chamber 90 a, increasing the pressure within pumping chamber 90 a, thereby causing outlet check valve 26 a to open and driving the process fluid downstream out of pumping chamber 90 a through outlet check valve 26 .
- the process fluid flows out of pumping chamber 90 a into outlet manifold 18 .
- the increased pressure in pumping chamber 90 a due to the advancement of plunger 80 a causes inlet check valve 24 a to close, thereby preventing retrograde flow of process fluid from pumping chamber 90 a upstream past inlet check valve 24 a.
- Fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b are thereby mechanically pulled through their respective suction strokes, but are not mechanically pushed during their respective pumping strokes. Instead, the charge pressure of the working fluid within internal pressure chamber pushes, either pneumatically or hydraulically, on the inner side of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b to drive fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b through their respective pumping strokes.
- Piston 52 is prevented from exerting an uncompromising mechanical pushing force on either fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b, which would otherwise risk dramatically spiking the pressure within the process fluid, particularly when an outlet for the process fluid is suddenly shutoff or otherwise blocked (known as a deadhead condition).
- all of the pressure placed on the process fluid by pump 10 is generated by the charge of the pressurized working fluid within internal pressure chamber 60 .
- fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b will not be pushed through a pumping stroke, thus avoiding a spike in process fluid pressure.
- drive 38 will continue to drive the oscillation of piston 52 , but pulls 54 a, 54 b and fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b will remain in a retracted (suction stroke) position over one or multiple reciprocation cycles of piston 52 .
- Fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b remain in the retracted position because the working fluid pressure is insufficient to push fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b, through a pumping stroke.
- fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b will be remain in the retracted position until the downstream pressure of the process fluid decreases to a level below the working fluid pressure, such that the working fluid pressure can cause fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b to enter their respective pumping strokes. Allowing piston 52 to continue to oscillate without pushing either fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b into a pumping stroke allows pump 10 to continue to run during the deadhead condition without causing any harm to the motor or pump. As piston 54 continues to oscillate, pulls 54 a, 54 b will simply slide within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b without imparting the pushing force to fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b necessary to initiate the pumping stroke.
- Allowing pump 10 to continue to run prevents undesired wear to components of pump 10 that can occur due to repeated start up and shut down.
- Allowing pump 10 to continue to run increases the efficiency of the pumping operation, as the user is not required to stop and start pump 10 whenever the user desired to close the outlet.
- damage to various components of pump 10 is avoided, as electric drive 12 ( FIG. 1 ) and drive 14 will not experience unexpected resistance during the deadhead, as pulls 54 a, 54 b simply slide within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b instead of transmitting forces to piston 52 from fluid displacement members 44 a, 44 b.
- a constant downstream pressure can be produced by pump 10 to eliminate pulsation by sequencing the speed of piston 52 with the pumping stroke caused by the working fluid. Sequencing the suction and pumping strokes can prevent drive system 14 from entering a state of rest where one fluid displacement member 44 a, 44 b completes a pumping stroke prior to piston 52 reversing course along pump axis A-A.
- Piston 52 is sequenced by setting the speed of oscillation and/or the pressure of the working fluid such that when piston 52 begins to pull one fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b into a suction stroke prior to that fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b completing a pumping stroke. This is possible because piston 52 can pull one fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b through a suction stroke faster than the working fluid charge pressure can drive the other fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b through an entire pumping stroke. The difference in speed can be achieved due to the different causes of pulling (mechanical) and pushing (fluid). Therefore, at least one fluid displacement component 44 a, 44 b is always moving in a pumping stroke, which eliminates pulsation because process fluid is constantly discharged to outlet manifold 18 at a constant rate.
- pump 10 can generate higher output pressures in the process fluid than the charge pressure of the working fluid.
- the respective surface areas of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b on which the working fluid directly contacts and pushes are larger than the respective surface areas of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b that directly contact and push on the process fluid.
- the diameter of the inner parts of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b that contact and are pushed upon by the working fluid is larger than the diameter of the outer end faces of plungers 80 a, 80 b that contact and push upon the process fluid. Therefore, while the lateral travel of the working fluid-contacting surface and the process fluid-contacting surface of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b are the same, the displacements of the working fluid and the process fluid will be different for every stroke due to the difference in diameters and overall fluid-contacting surface areas.
- the displacement of process fluid by the outer ends of plungers 80 a, 80 b is smaller for each stroke as compared to the displacement of working fluid, but the pressure generated in the process fluid is greater than the pressure of the working fluid acting on fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- This generates higher process fluid pressure within pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b.
- the process fluid pressure is higher even than the working fluid pressure in internal pressure chamber 60 . Therefore, the pumping pressure developed in pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b and further downstream due to the pumping strokes of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b can be higher than the working fluid pressure that acts upon and pushes fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- the pressure multiplication provides a more compact pump 10 , as pump 10 can provide higher pumping pressures in a more compact arrangement due to the variations in surface area.
- pump 10 has increased efficiency, as less energy is required to charge the working fluid to achieve the desired output pressure.
- High pressure output of process fluid is beneficial in various applications of fluid handling, such as for dispensing or spraying viscous fluid.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure extend the output pressure from pump 10 above the supply pressure while still allowing the downstream outlet of pump 10 to be shutoff or otherwise deadheaded without concern of spiking pressure or damaging pump 10 .
- the user may only have a 100 PSI compressor available for generating the initial charge of working fluid within internal pressure chamber 60 .
- the mechanical advantage gained by fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b having different sized working/process fluid contacting surfaces, and therefore different working/process fluid displacements, allows the output pressure of process fluid to be significantly higher than 100 PSI.
- the user's application may further require frequent starting and stopping of process fluid dispenses, which results in frequent deadheading of the fluid.
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b avoid pressure spikes and prevent pump 10 from suffering damage that can otherwise result from frequent starting and stopping of process fluid dispenses.
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b house within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b and prevent piston 52 from pushing on fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b, while facilitating piston 52 pulling fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- drive system 14 When compressed air is used as the working fluid, drive system 14 eliminates the possibility of exhaust icing, as can be found in air-driven pumps, because the compressed air in drive system 14 is not exhausted after each stroke. Other exhaust problems are also eliminated, such as safety hazards that arise from exhaust becoming contaminated with process fluids. Additionally, higher energy efficiency can be achieved with drive system 14 because internal pressure chamber 60 eliminates the need to provide a fresh dose of compressed air during each stroke, as is found in typical air operated pumps. When a non-compressible hydraulic fluid is used as the working fluid, drive system 14 eliminates the need for complex hydraulic circuits with multiple compartments, as can be found in typical hydraulically driven pumps. Additionally, drive system 14 eliminates the contamination risk between the process fluid and the working fluid due to the balanced forces on either side of fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of pump 100 .
- Pump 100 includes end covers 22 a, 22 b; inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b; outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b; bushings 42 a, 42 b; outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b; collars 48 a, 48 b; sealing rings 50 a, 50 b; drive cylinders 92 a, 92 b; fluid covers 120 a, 120 b; and fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b.
- Drive system 14 includes housing 28 ; piston guide 30 ; piston 52 ; pulls 54 a, 54 b; and face plates 56 a, 56 b.
- Housing 28 includes guide opening 58 and defines internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Piston guide 30 includes barrel nut 62 and guide pin 64 .
- Piston 52 includes pull chambers 66 a, 66 b; central slot 68 ; and axial slot 70 .
- Fluid covers 120 a, 120 b include, respectively, ports 72 a, 72 b.
- Fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b include, respectively, plungers 80 a, 80 b; attachment members 82 a, 82 b; and drive pistons 94 a, 94 b.
- Drive pistons 94 a, 94 b include piston grooves 96 a, 96 b and piston rings 98 a, 98 b.
- Outlet manifold 18 includes elbows 19 a, 19 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 includes elbows 19 c, 19 d.
- Drive shaft 84 and cam follower 86 of drive 38 are shown.
- Housing 28 defines internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Bushings 42 a, 42 b are disposed within housing.
- Piston 52 is disposed within housing 28 and supported by bushings 42 a, 42 b.
- Cam follower 86 extends into central slot 68 of piston 52 and is configured to drive oscillation of piston 52 along piston axis A-A.
- Piston guide 30 extends through housing 28 and engages axial slot 70 of piston 52 to prevent piston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A.
- Barrel nut 68 extends through guide opening 60 , and guide pin 70 is connected to barrel nut 68 . As shown, guide pin 70 rides within axial slot 76 of piston 52 to prevent piston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A.
- Piston 52 includes pull chamber 72 a disposed within a first end of piston 52 and pull chamber 72 b disposed within a second, opposite end of piston 52 .
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b are disposed at opposite ends of piston 52 and cap pull chambers 66 a, 66 b.
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b are configured to retain pulls 54 a, 54 b, within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b of piston 52 .
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b include fastener openings to facilitate connection with piston 52 . Any desired fastener, such as a bolt, can extend through the fastener openings into piston 52 to secure face plates 56 a, 56 b to piston 52 .
- Pulls 86 a, 86 b extend out of pull chambers 72 a, 72 b through openings in face plates 56 a, 56 b.
- Drive cylinders 92 a, 92 b are disposed between housing 28 and fluid covers 120 a, 120 b.
- Fluid covers 120 a, 120 b are attached to housing 28 by fasteners (not shown) extending through fluid covers 120 a, 120 b into housing 28 .
- Outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b are disposed between fluid covers 120 a, 120 b and end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- End covers 22 a, 22 b are attached to fluid covers 120 a, 120 b by fasteners (not shown) extending through end covers 22 a, 22 b into fluid covers 120 a, 120 b.
- Collars 48 a, 48 b are disposed adjacent the inner sides of end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- Collars 48 a, 48 b receive an outer end of outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b.
- Sealing rings 50 a, 50 b are disposed between collars 48 a, 48 b and end covers 22 a, 22 b. Sealing rings 50 a, 50 b extend around and interface with an outer edge of plungers 80 a, 80 b.
- Fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b are configured to draw process fluid into pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b during suction strokes and to drive process fluid downstream out of pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b during pumping strokes.
- Drive pistons 94 a, 94 b are disposed within drive cylinders 92 a, 92 b.
- Drive piston 94 a defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber 60 and outer chamber 88 a.
- Drive piston 94 b similarly defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber and outer chamber 88 b.
- Internal pressure chamber 60 is defined by housing 28 and drive pistons 94 a, 94 b.
- Outer chambers 88 a, 88 b are further defined in part by fluid covers 120 a, 120 b.
- the volume of outer chambers 88 a, 88 b changes inversely with a change in the volume of internal pressure chamber 60 due to the movement of the drive pistons 94 a, 94 b.
- Ports 72 a, 72 b extend through fluid covers 120 a, 120 b, respectively, to connect outer chambers 88 a, 88 b to the atmosphere and prevent overpressurization and/or vacuum conditions from forming in outer chambers 88 a, 88 b.
- Piston grooves 96 a, 96 b extend circumferentially about drive pistons 94 a, 94 b.
- Piston rings 98 a, 98 b are disposed in piston grooves 96 a, 96 b and are configured to interface with and seal against an inner circumferential surface of drive cylinders 92 a, 92 b.
- Piston rings 98 a, 98 b fluidly isolate internal pressure chamber 60 from outer chambers 88 a, 88 b.
- Piston rings 98 a, 98 b form a dynamic seal with the inner surface of drive cylinders 92 a, 92 b as drive pistons 94 a, 94 b oscillate within drive cylinders 92 a, 92 b during operation.
- Plungers 80 a, 80 b extend from drive pistons 94 a, 94 b and into pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b.
- Plungers 80 a, 80 b extend through outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b.
- Pull 54 a, drive piston 94 a, and plunger 80 a are connected to move as an assembly.
- pull 54 b, drive piston 94 b, and plunger 80 b are connected to move as an assembly.
- Attachment members 82 a, 82 b extend through drive pistons 94 a, 94 b and into pulls 54 a, 54 b and plungers 80 a, 80 b.
- the openings in each of pulls 54 a, 54 b; drive pistons 94 a, 94 b; and plungers 80 a, 80 b are threaded to engage with threaded attachment members 82 a, 82 b. It is understood, however, that pulls 54 a, 54 b; drive pistons 94 a, 94 b; and plungers 80 a, 80 b can be interconnected in any desired manner.
- drive pistons 94 a, 94 b and plungers 80 a, 80 b are integrally formed as a single component.
- fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b can be single-piece, dual-diameter pistons.
- pump 100 ′ is similar to the operation of pump 100 ( FIGS. 2A-2B ), except the working fluid acts on drive pistons 94 a, 94 b instead of diaphragms 74 a, 74 b ( FIGS. 2A-2B ).
- piston 52 is driven rightward by cam follower 86 , piston 52 pulls fluid displacement component 144 b to the right due to the connection of pull 54 b and fluid displacement component 144 b.
- Pulling fluid displacement component 144 b to the right retracts plunger 80 b from fluid cavity 90 b creating suction and drawing the process fluid into fluid cavity 90 b through inlet valve 24 b.
- fluid displacement component 144 a As piston 52 moves rightward, the charge pressure of the working fluid in internal pressure chamber 60 drives fluid displacement component 144 a rightward. The rightward movement of fluid displacement component 144 a causes plunger 80 a to proceed into fluid cavity 90 a, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid cavity 90 a and driving the process fluid out of fluid cavity 90 a through outlet check valve 26 a.
- the charge pressure acts on the inner faces of drive piston 94 a to cause the rightward movement of fluid displacement component 144 a.
- the diameter D 1 of drive piston 94 a is larger than the diameter D 2 of plunger 80 a.
- the area of drive piston 94 a acted on by the working fluid is larger than the area of plunger 80 a acting on the process fluid.
- the force exerted on drive piston 94 a by the working fluid is the same as the force exerted on the process fluid by plunger 80 a, due to the rigid connection between drive piston 94 a and plunger 80 a.
- the working fluid has a charge pressure of about 100 psi
- that driving piston 94 a has a diameter of about 2 in
- that plunger 80 a has a diameter of about 1 in.
- the output pressure of the process fluid generated by fluid displacement component 144 a is thus about 400 psi.
- the diameters D 1 and D 2 can be dimensioned according to any desired ratio to provide the desired output pressure based on the set charge pressure.
- cam follower 86 causes piston 52 to reverse direction and move leftward. Face plate 56 a engages the flanged end of pull 54 a, and piston 52 begins to pull fluid displacement component 144 a through a suction stroke. Plunger 80 a is withdrawn from pumping chamber 90 a, creating suction in pumping chamber 90 a and drawing the process fluid into pumping chamber 90 a through inlet valve 24 a.
- Fluid displacement component 144 b provides a force multiplication similar to fluid displacement component 144 a.
- the working fluid in internal pressure chamber 60 acts on the inner faces of drive pistons 94 a, 94 b to drive fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b through respective pumping strokes.
- Drive pistons 94 a, 94 b reciprocate within drive cylinders 92 a, 92 b and remain rigid during pumping. Because drive pistons 94 a, 94 b are rigid, the full area of drive pistons 94 a, 94 b are able to transmit the full force from the working fluid to plungers 80 a, 80 b across the full displacement distance of fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b.
- Drive pistons 94 a, 94 b thereby provide consistent force multiplication to plungers 80 a, 80 b throughout the displacement of fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b.
- the force multiplication provided by fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b provides for a greater pressure output from a more compact pump 100 .
- the more compact pump arrangement is less costly to manufacture, easier for the end user to use and store, and more energy efficient.
- piston 52 can be sequenced to provide pulseless downstream flow.
- the speed of piston 52 is set such that piston 52 begins to pull fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b into suction strokes prior to that fluid displacement component 144 a, 144 b completing its pumping stroke.
- at least one fluid displacement component 144 a, 144 b is always proceeding through a pumping stroke and providing the process fluid downstream.
- the process fluid is pumped out of each pumping chamber 90 a, 90 b and provided to outlet manifold 18 at the same pressure because each fluid displacement component 144 a, 144 b is driven by the same charge pressure of the working fluid.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of pump 200 .
- Pump 200 includes inlet manifold 16 ; outlet manifold 18 ; end covers 22 a, 22 b; inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b; outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b; outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b; collars 48 a, 48 b; sealing rings 50 a, 50 b; fluid covers 220 a, 220 b; and fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b.
- Drive system 114 includes housing 128 , solenoid 202 , armature 204 , and pulls 154 a, 154 b. Housing 128 defines internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Fluid covers 220 a, 220 b include, respectively, ports 72 a, 72 b.
- Fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b include inner portion 206 a, 206 b and outer portion 208 a, 208 b.
- Outlet manifold 18 includes elbows 19 a, 19 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 includes elbows 19 c, 19 d.
- Pump 200 is similar to pump 10 ( FIGS. 2A-2B ) and pump 100 ( FIG. 3 ), except pump 200 is electrically driven.
- pulls 154 a, 154 b are bands instead of shafts having flanged and attachment ends.
- Housing 28 defines internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Solenoid 202 is supported by housing 28 and is electrically connected to a power source.
- the power source can be external to pump 10 , such motor 34 ( FIG. 1 ) or an electric cord configured to connect to the electric grid, or internal to pump 10 , such as a battery mounted in housing 28 .
- drive system 14 can be considered as having the power source of drive system 14 integrated into housing 28 and internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Armature 204 is disposed within and configured to be driven by solenoid 202 .
- Armature 204 is connected to fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b by pulls 154 a, 154 b.
- Pulls 154 a, 154 b are attached to armature 204 and to inner portions 206 a, 206 b of fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b.
- pulls 154 a, 154 b include flexible members, such as plastic, rubber, or elastic bands that pull in tension but do not meaningfully push in compression. Instead, in compression, pulls 154 a, 154 b are configured to bend so as to not transfer a compressive or pushing force to fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b.
- Pulls 154 a, 154 b can be secured to armature 204 and fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b in any desired manner.
- inner portion 206 a, 206 b can include a groove and a cross-bore, with the end of the band forming pull 154 a, 154 b inserted into the groove and a set pin or cotter pin inserted into the cross-bore to retain the end of the band.
- pulls 154 a, 154 b can be integrally molded to one of fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b or armature 204 .
- Pulls 154 a, 154 b can also be attached to armature 204 in any desired manner, such as by pins.
- armature 204 and fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b can be connected in any desired manner.
- armature 204 can include pull chambers, similar to pull chambers 66 a, 66 b ( FIGS. 2B-3 ), extending into opposite ends of armature 204 .
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b can then extend from the pull chambers and be connected to fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b in any desired manner, such as by attachment members 82 a, 82 b ( FIGS. 2B-3 ).
- Solenoid 202 and armature 204 are of any suitable configuration for causing armature 204 to reciprocate along pump axis A-A.
- Solenoid 202 can be either a single-acting solenoid, such that solenoid 202 drives armature 204 in a single direction and a spring drives armature 204 in the other direction, or a double-acting solenoid, such that solenoid 202 drives armature 204 in both the left and right directions.
- armature 204 can be a permanent magnet such that reversing the polarity through solenoid 202 drives the reciprocation of armature 204 .
- solenoid 202 can be configured to drive armature 204 in a first direction and a spring (not shown) can be configured to drive armature 204 in a second, opposite direction.
- solenoid 202 can be configured to pull armature 204 leftward, causing armature 204 to pull fluid displacement component 44 a through a suction stroke.
- the spring can be configured to push armature 204 rightward, causing armature 204 to pull fluid displacement component 44 b through a suction stroke. It is understood that solenoid 202 can pull armature 204 rightward and the spring can push armature leftward.
- Outer portions 208 a, 208 b and inner portions 206 a, 206 b of fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b are integrally formed. Outer portions 208 a, 208 b extends from inner portions 206 a, 206 b through outer cylinder 46 a, 46 b and into fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b. Inner portion 206 a, 206 b is surrounded by a bore within fluid cover 220 a, 220 b. Is some examples, fluid covers 220 a, 220 b are formed from multiple components, such as inner cover portions 221 a, 221 b and outer cover portions 223 a, 223 b.
- fluid covers 220 a, 220 b can be formed from a single part.
- each fluid cover 220 a, 220 b can include outer cover portion 223 a, 223 b that is bolted to the central portion of housing 128 , and inner cover portions 221 a, 221 b that define the bore within which inner portions 206 a, 206 b of fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b reciprocate.
- Outer cover portions 223 a, 223 b and inner cover portions 221 a, 221 b can be formed of different materials.
- outer cover portions 223 a, 223 b can be metallic, and inner cover portions 221 a, 221 b can be formed from a material suitable for sealing directly or indirectly with inner portions 206 a, 206 b.
- inner cover portions 221 a, 221 b of each fluid cover 220 a, 220 b can be formed from an elastomer.
- inner portions 206 a, 206 b can each include a circumferential groove and a seal (similar to grooves 96 a, 96 b and rings 98 a, 98 b shown in FIG. 3 ), and the seal can seal against inner cover portions 221 a, 221 b of each fluid cover 220 a, 220 b.
- Inner portion 206 a defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber 60 and outer chamber 88 a.
- Inner portion 206 b defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber 60 and outer chamber 88 b.
- Internal pressure chamber 60 is defined by housing 28 and inner portions 206 a, 206 b.
- Outer chambers 88 a, 88 b are further defined in part by fluid covers 220 a, 220 b.
- Inner portions 206 a, 206 b seal against the bores in fluid covers 220 a, 220 b to prevent the working fluid from leaking out of internal pressure chamber 60 into outer chambers 88 a, 88 b.
- Ports 72 a, 72 b provide vent path between outer chambers 88 a, 88 b and the atmosphere.
- pump 200 The operation of pump 200 is similar to the operation of pump 10 ( FIGS. 2A-2B ) and pump 100 ( FIG. 3 ), except the working fluid acts on fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b and reciprocation is caused by solenoid 202 and armature 204 .
- a charge is provided to solenoid 202 to cause displacement of armature 204 along pump axis A-A.
- armature 204 moves rightward, armature 204 pulls fluid displacement component 244 b to the right due to pull 154 b connecting armature 204 and fluid displacement component 244 b.
- Pulling fluid displacement component 44 b retracts outer portion 208 b from pumping cavity 90 b, creating suction and drawing the process fluid into pumping cavity 90 b through inlet valve 24 b.
- fluid displacement component 244 a As armature 204 moves rightward, the charge pressure of the working fluid in internal pressure chamber 60 drives fluid displacement component 244 a rightward.
- the rightward movement of fluid displacement component 244 a causes outer portion 208 a to move into pumping cavity 90 a, thereby decreasing the volume of pumping cavity 90 a and driving the process fluid out of pumping cavity 90 a through outlet check valve 26 a.
- the working fluid acts on inner portion 206 a to drive fluid displacement component 244 a.
- inner portion 206 a has a larger diameter than outer portion 208 a, and as such fluid displacement component 244 a provides a force multiplication between the charge pressure of the working fluid and the output pressure of the process fluid.
- armature 204 After armature 204 has shifted rightward, armature 204 reverses direction and moves leftward. As discussed above, the leftward movement can be caused by a spring when the charge is removed from solenoid 202 , by a reversal of the polarity of the charge to solenoid 202 , or by any other suitable mechanism or method.
- Pull 154 a connects armature 204 and fluid displacement component 44 a, and pull 154 a pulls fluid displacement component 44 a through a suction stroke.
- Outer portion 208 a is withdrawn from pumping chamber 90 a, creating suction in pumping chamber 90 a and drawing the process fluid into pumping chamber 90 a through inlet valve 24 a.
- Fluid displacement component 244 b provides a force multiplication similar to fluid displacement component 244 a.
- Pump 200 provides significant advantages.
- the electric driving components, solenoid 202 and armature 204 are disposed within housing 28 and internal pressure chamber 60 , which provides for a compact, self-contained pump.
- Fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b provide force multiplication between the charge pressure within internal pressure chamber 60 and the output pressure of the process fluid due to the differing diameters of inner portions 206 a, 206 b and outer portions 208 a, 208 b.
- Armature 204 pulls fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b through suction strokes but is prevented from pushing fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b through pumping strokes by pulls 154 a, 154 b.
- the working fluid pushes fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b through the pumping strokes.
- the strokes of fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b can be sequenced to eliminate downstream pulsation.
- pump 10 can be deadheaded without damaging any components, as pulls 154 a, 154 b do not transfer compressive, pumping forces to fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of piston 52 and pulls 254 a, 254 b.
- Piston 52 includes face plates 56 a, 56 b; pull chambers 66 a, 66 b; central slot 68 ; and axial slot 70 .
- Pulls 254 a, 254 b include inner sections 256 a, 256 b and outer sections 258 a, 258 b.
- Inner sections 256 a, 256 b include first outer flanges 260 a, 260 b; first shafts 262 a, 262 b; and first inner flanges 264 a, 264 b.
- Outer sections 258 a, 258 b include second outer flanges 266 a, 266 b; second shafts 268 a, 268 b; and attachment bores 270 a, 270 b.
- Piston 52 is configured to reciprocate within a housing, such as housing 28 ( FIGS. 1-3 ), to pull fluid displacement components, such as fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b ( FIGS. 2A-2B ), fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b ( FIG. 3 ), and fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b ( FIG. 4 ), through suction strokes.
- Face plates 56 a, 56 b are attached to opposite ends of piston 52 and enclose pull chambers 66 a, 66 b.
- Pulls 54 a, 54 b are configured to transmit tensile forces but not compressive forces, such that piston 52 can pull the fluid displacement components via pulls 254 a, 254 b, but cannot push the fluid displacement components via pulls 254 a, 254 b.
- Inner sections 256 a, 256 b are at least partially retained within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b by face plates 56 a, 56 b.
- First outer flanges 260 a, 260 b project from first shafts 262 a, 262 b and are disposed within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b.
- First shafts 262 a, 262 b extend through openings in face plates 56 a, 56 b and are configured to slide within the openings in face plates 56 a, 56 b.
- First outer flanges 260 a, 260 b are wider than the openings through face plates 56 a, 56 b such that first outer flanges 260 a, 260 b cannot pass through the openings. Instead, first outer flanges 260 a, 260 b engage the inner sides of face plates 56 a, 56 b.
- First inner flanges 264 a, 264 b of inner sections 256 a, 256 b project into a bore through the end of inner sections 256 a, 256 b disposed opposite first outer flanges 260 a, 260 b.
- Outer sections 258 a, 258 b are configured to slide within inner sections 256 a, 256 b.
- Second shafts 268 a, 268 b extend through the bore defined by first inner flanges 264 a, 264 b.
- Second outer flanges 266 a, 266 b are configured to engage first inner flanges 264 a, 264 b to prevent outer sections 258 a, 258 b from sliding out of inner sections 256 a, 256 b.
- Attachment bores 270 a, 270 b are configured to receive attachment members 82 ( FIGS. 2A-3 ) to connect pulls 54 a, 54 b to the fluid displacement members.
- outer members 258 a, 258 b are configured to house within inner members 256 a, 256 b, and inner members 256 a, 256 b are configured to house within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b to prevent piston 52 from pushing the fluid displacement members.
- pulls 54 a, 54 b are configured to telescope during operation. While pulls 54 a, 54 b are each shown as including two members that are slidable, it is understood that pulls 54 a, 54 b can include as many or as few slidable members as desired. Pulls 54 a, 54 b including multiple slidable members configured to telescope reduces the depth required for pull chambers 66 a, 66 b to house pulls 54 a, 54 b. The more compact pull chambers 66 a, 66 b reduces the footprint of the pump and provides for a more compact pump.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of pump 10 .
- Pump 10 includes inlet manifold 16 ; outlet manifold 18 ; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b; inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b; outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b; bushings 42 a, 42 b; fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b; outer cylinders 46 a, 36 b; collars 48 a, 48 b; and sealing rings 50 a, 50 b.
- Drive system 14 includes housing 28 ; piston guide 30 ; piston 52 ; pulls 54 a, 54 b; face plates 56 a, 56 b, and plugs 99 a, 99 b.
- Housing 28 includes working fluid inlet 32 and guide opening 58 .
- Housing 28 defines internal pressure chamber 60 .
- Piston guide 30 includes barrel nut 62 and guide pin 64 .
- Piston 52 includes pull chambers 66 a, 66 b; central slot 68 ; and axial slot 70 .
- Fluid covers 20 a, 20 b include, respectively, ports 72 a, 72 b.
- Fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b include, respectively, diaphragms 74 a, 74 b; plungers 80 a, 80 b; attachment members 82 a, 82 b.
- Outlet manifold 18 includes elbows 19 a, 19 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 includes elbows 19 c, 19 d.
- Drive shaft 84 and cam follower 86 of drive 38 are shown.
- Pump 10 shown in FIG. 6 is the same as pump 10 shown in FIG. 2B , except pump 10 shown in FIG. 6 includes plugs 99 a, 99 b.
- Plugs 99 a, 99 b are disposed in pull chambers 66 a, 66 b and are configured to prevent pulls 54 a, 54 b from sliding within pull chambers 66 a, 66 b.
- plugs 99 a, 99 b allow piston 52 to transmit compressive, pushing forces to fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b such that piston 52 can drive fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b through pumping strokes in addition to suction strokes.
- plugs 99 a, 99 b enable pump 10 to be easily converted between mechanical/fluid operating mode and a mechanical/mechanical operating mode.
- fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b are mechanically pulled through their respective suction strokes and are driven through respective pumping strokes by the charge pressure of the working fluid disposed in internal pressure chamber 60 .
- fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b are mechanically pulled through their respective suction strokes and are also mechanically driven through their respective pumping strokes.
- internal pressure chamber 60 does not require a charge of working fluid, as piston 52 drives fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b through the pumping strokes.
- pump 10 includes a pressure switch (not shown) connected to drive system 14 .
- the pressure switch can be configured to switch off drive system 14 based on a sensed pressure reaching or exceeding a threshold.
- pressure switch can be configured to sense the pressure in pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b and/or in outlet manifold 18 . In the event pump 10 is deadheaded, the pressure will spike in either pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b and/or outlet manifold 18 as drive 38 causes reciprocation of piston 52 . The spike in pressure will trip the pressure switch, causing the pressure switch to deactivate drive 38 while pump 10 is deadheaded.
- the user can reactivate pump 10 after downstream flow is returned.
- the pressure switch can be configured to sense the drop in the process fluid pressure, indicating that downstream flow has returned, and can reactivate pump 10 based on that drop in process fluid pressure.
- Pump 10 provides significant advantages. Pump 10 is convertible between the mechanical/fluid operating mode and the mechanical/mechanical operating mode, thereby providing a wide range of pumping options to the end user.
- the end user can operate in the mechanical/mechanical mode when high downstream pressures are desired or working fluid is unavailable.
- the end user can operate in the mechanical/fluid operating mode to eliminate downstream pulsation and allow pump 10 to continue operating when deadheaded.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of pump 300 .
- Pump 300 includes inlet manifold 16 ; outlet manifold 18 ; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b; inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b; outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b; bushings 42 a, 42 b; outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b; collars 48 a, 48 b; sealing rings 50 a, 50 b; fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b.
- Drive system 314 includes housing 28 , piston guide 30 , and piston 352 .
- Housing 28 includes guide opening 58 .
- Piston guide 30 includes barrel nut 62 and guide pin 64 .
- Piston 352 includes central slot 368 and axial slot 370 .
- Outlet manifold 18 includes elbows 19 a, 19 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 includes elbows 19 c, 19 d.
- Drive shaft 84 and cam follower 86 of drive 38 are shown.
- Housing 28 is disposed between fluid covers 20 a, 20 b.
- Outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b are disposed between fluid covers 20 a, 20 b and end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 is configured to provide process fluid to pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b within end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- Inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b are disposed between inlet manifold 16 and end covers 22 a, 22 b.
- Outlet manifold 18 is configured to receive process fluid from pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b.
- Outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b are disposed between end covers 22 a, 22 b and outlet manifold 18 .
- Bushings 42 a, 42 b are disposed within housing 28 and configured to support piston 352 .
- Piston 352 is disposed within bushings 42 a, 42 b and is configured to reciprocate along pump axis A-A.
- Piston guide 30 prevent piston 352 from rotating about pump axis A-A.
- Barrel nut 62 is disposed in guide opening 58 , and guide pin 64 is connected to barrel nut 62 and extends into and engages axial slot 370 .
- Fluid displacement component 344 a extends from a first side of piston 352 , through outer cylinder 46 a, and into pumping chamber 90 a within end cover 22 a.
- Fluid displacement component 344 b extends from a second side of piston 352 , through outer cylinder 46 b, and into pumping chamber 90 b within end cover 22 b. As shown, fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b are integrally formed with piston 352 . It is understood, however, that fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b can be formed separately from piston 352 and joined with piston 352 in any desired manner, such as by a fastener similar to attachment members 82 a, 82 b ( FIGS. 2A-3 ).
- Fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b and piston 352 are configured to reciprocate as a single assembly. Piston 352 is configured to drive fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b through both their respective suctions strokes and pumping strokes. During a suction stroke, piston 352 retracts fluid displacement component 344 a, 344 b from fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b to increase a volume of fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b, creating suction in fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b and drawing process fluid into fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b through inlet valve 24 a, 24 b.
- piston 352 drives fluid displacement component 344 a, 344 b into fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b to decrease a volume of fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b and drive the process fluid out of fluid cavity 90 a, 90 b through outlet valve 26 a, 26 b.
- pump 300 can include any fluid displacement member suitable for displacing the fluid within pumping chambers 90 a, 90 b.
- pump 300 can include fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b (best seen in FIG. 2B ), with diaphragms 74 a, 74 b (best seen in FIG. 2B ) rigidly connected to piston 352 such that piston 352 drives fluid displacement components 44 a, 44 b through both suction and pumping strokes.
- pump 300 can include fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b ( FIG. 3 ) or fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b ( FIG. 4 ) rigidly connected to piston 352 such that piston 352 drives fluid displacement components 144 a, 144 b or fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b through both suction and pumping strokes.
- Pump 300 provides significant advantages.
- Drive system 314 mechanically drives fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b through both suction and pumping strokes.
- Mechanically driving fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b provides increased efficiency by eliminating working fluids.
- pump 300 can be utilized at locations where compressed air and/or hydraulic fluid is not readily available.
- fluid displacement components 344 a, 344 b being configured as pistons allows pump 300 to generate higher pumping pressures as compared to mechanically-driven diaphragms.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of pump 400 .
- Pump 400 includes inlet manifold 16 ; outlet manifold 18 ; end covers 22 a, 22 b; inlet check valves 24 a, 24 b; outlet check valves 26 a, 26 b; outer cylinders 46 a, 46 b; collars 48 a, 48 b; sealing rings 50 a, 50 b; fluid covers 220 a, 220 b; and fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b.
- Drive system 414 includes housing 128 , solenoid 202 , armature 204 , and intermediate members 446 a, 446 b.
- Outlet manifold 18 includes elbows 19 a, 19 b.
- Inlet manifold 16 includes elbows 19 c, 19 d.
- Pump 400 shown in FIG. 8 is substantially similar to pump 200 shown in FIG. 4 , except pump 400 shown in FIG. 8 includes armature 204 that is rigidly connected to fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b by intermediate members 446 a, 446 b. Fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b are substantially similar to fluid displacement components 244 a, 244 b. Armature 204 is rigidly connected to fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b such that armature 204 drives fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b through both the suction and pumping strokes. Intermediate members 446 a, 446 b can be any desired component capable of transmitting forces both in tension and in compression.
- intermediate members 446 a, 446 b can be threaded members configured to engage with threaded bores on both armature 204 and fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b.
- intermediate members 446 a, 446 b can be pinned to armature 204 and fluid dispensing components 444 a, 444 b; can be formed integrally with one or both of fluid dispensing components 444 a, 444 b and armature 204 ; or can provide a rigid connection in any other manner suitable for transmitting both compressive and tensile forces between armature 204 and fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b.
- Solenoid 202 is configured to drive armature 204 along pump axis A-A to cause armature 204 to drive fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b through the suction and pumping strokes.
- the current supplied to solenoid 202 is configured to prevent overpressurization in the event that pump 400 is deadheaded during operation. The current is sufficient to drive armature 204 .
- the process fluid pressure acts on fluid displacement components 444 a, 444 b and resists movement of armature 204 and overcomes the driving force provided by solenoid 202 .
- the output pressure capable of being produced by pump 400 is dependent on the current powering solenoid 202 and the surface area of fluid displacement component 444 a, 444 b impacting the process fluid.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/615,115 filed on Jan. 9, 2018, and entitled “HIGH PRESSURE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PLUNGER PUMP,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- This disclosure relates to positive displacement pumps and more particularly to an internal drive system and displacement mechanism for positive displacement pumps.
- Positive displacement pumps discharge a process fluid at a selected flow rate. In a typical positive displacement pump, a fluid displacement member, usually a piston or diaphragm, drives the process fluid through the pump. When the fluid displacement member is drawn in, a suction condition is created in the fluid flow path, which draws process fluid into a fluid cavity from the inlet manifold. The fluid displacement member then reverses direction and forces the process fluid out of the fluid cavity through the outlet manifold.
- Air operated double displacement pumps typically employ diaphragms as the fluid displacement members. In an air operated double displacement pump, the two diaphragms are joined by a shaft, and compressed air is the working fluid in the pump. Compressed air is supplied to one of two diaphragm chambers, associated with the respective diaphragms. When compressed air is supplied to the first diaphragm chamber, the first diaphragm is deflected into the first fluid cavity, which discharges the process fluid from that fluid cavity. Simultaneously, the first diaphragm pulls the shaft, which is connected to the second diaphragm, drawing the second diaphragm in and pulling process fluid into the second fluid cavity. The compressed air that had previously driven the second diaphragm is typically exhausted to the atmosphere.
- The delivery of compressed air is controlled by an air valve, and the air valve is usually mechanically actuated by the diaphragms. Thus, one diaphragm is pulled in until it causes the actuator to toggle the air valve. Toggling the air valve exhausts the compressed air from the first diaphragm chamber to the atmosphere and introduces fresh compressed air to the second diaphragm chamber, thus causing a reciprocating movement of the respective diaphragms. Alternatively, the first and second fluid displacement members could be pistons instead of diaphragms, and the pump would operate in the same manner.
- Hydraulically driven double displacement pumps utilize hydraulic fluid as the working fluid, which allows the pump to operate at much higher pressures than an air driven pump. In a hydraulically driven double displacement pump, hydraulic fluid drives one fluid displacement member into a pumping stroke. That fluid displacement member is mechanically attached to the second fluid displacement member and thereby pulls the second fluid displacement member into a suction stroke. The hydraulic fluid is typically exhausted back to the hydraulic circuit as the fluid displacement members are pulled through the suction stroke. The use of hydraulic fluid and pistons enables the pump to operate at higher pressures than those achievable by an air driven diaphragm pump.
- Alternatively, double diaphragm displacement pumps may be mechanically operated, without the use of air or hydraulic fluid. In these cases, the operation of the pump is essentially similar to an air operated double displacement pump, except compressed air is not used to drive the system. Instead, a reciprocating drive is mechanically connected to both the first fluid displacement member and the second fluid displacement member, and the reciprocating drive drives the two fluid displacement members into suction and pumping strokes.
- According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a pump for pumping a process fluid includes a housing defining an internal pressure chamber, the internal pressure chamber configured to contain a working fluid; a reciprocating member disposed within the internal pressure chamber; a fluid displacement component having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface configured to contact the working fluid and the second surface configured to contact the process fluid, wherein the fluid displacement component is configured such that pressure exerted on the first surface by the working fluid moves the second surface in a first direction towards the process fluid to expel the process fluid downstream, and wherein the area of the first surface is greater than the area of the second surface; and a pull extending between the reciprocating member and the fluid displacement component, the pull mechanically transferring a pulling force from the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component to move the fluid displacement component in a second direction that is the opposite of the first direction, wherein the pull does not mechanically transfer a pushing force from the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component when the reciprocating member moves in the first direction.
- According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a pump for pumping a process fluid includes a housing defining an internal pressure chamber, the internal pressure chamber configured to contain a working fluid; a reciprocating member; a fluid displacement component having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface configured to contact the working fluid and the second surface configured to contact the process fluid, wherein the fluid displacement component is configured such that pressure exerted on the first surface by the working fluid moves the second surface in a first direction to expel the process fluid, and wherein the area of the first surface is greater than the area of the second surface; and a pull that links the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component, the pull mechanically transferring a pulling force from the reciprocating member to the fluid displacement component to move the fluid displacement component in a second direction.
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FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a pump, drive system, and motor. -
FIG. 2A is an exploded perspective view of the pump, drive system, and drive ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 2-2 inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a second pump. -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a third pump. -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a piston and pulls. -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth pump. -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth pump. -
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view ofpump 10,electric drive 12, anddrive system 14.Pump 10 includesinlet manifold 16;outlet manifold 18; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b;inlet check valves outlet check valves Drive system 14 includeshousing 28 andpiston guide 30.Housing 28 includes workingfluid inlet 32.Electric drive 12 includesmotor 34,gear reduction 36, anddrive 38.Outlet manifold 18 includeselbows Inlet manifold 16 includeselbows -
Housing 28 defines an internal drive chamber that at least partially accommodatesdrive 38 ofelectric drive 12. Fluid covers 20 a and 20 b are attached tohousing 28 byfasteners 40 a. End covers 22 a, 22 b are attached, respectively, to fluid covers 20 a, 20 b byfasteners 40 b extending through end covers 22 a, 22 b into fluid covers 20 a, 20 b.Fasteners 40 a andfasteners 40 b can be any desired fastener suitable for connecting various components together for operation. For example,fasteners 40 a andfasteners 40 b can each be threaded bolts, but it is understood that any other desired type of fastener can be utilized.Elbows outlet manifold 18 and end covers 22 a, 22 b, respectively.Elbows inlet manifold 16 and end covers 22 a, 22 b. Whileoutlet manifold 18 is described as includingelbows inlet manifold 16 is described as includingelbows outlet manifold 18 andinlet manifold 16 can include any suitable structure for providing flowpaths into and out of end covers 22 a, 22 b. It is further understood, thatelbows elbows outlet manifold 18 andinlet manifold 16, respectively. -
Inlet check valves FIG. 2 ) are disposed betweeninlet manifold 16 and end covers 22 a, 22 b, respectively.Outlet check valves outlet manifold 18 and end covers 22 a, 22 b, respectively.Inlet check valves outlet check valves inlet manifold 16 tooutlet manifold 18.Inlet check valves outlet check valves outlet manifold 18 toinlet manifold 16. -
Motor 34 is attached to and drivesgear reduction drive 38.Gear reduction drive 38 includes internal gearing (not shown) configured to reduce the output speed ofmotor 34 to a desired driving speed fordrive 38.Gear reduction drive 38 powers drive 38 to cause the pumping ofpump 10.Drive 38 is secured tohousing 28 and extends at least partially into a drive chamber defined byhousing 28. - Housing 26 is filled with a working fluid, either a gas, such as compressed air, or a non-compressible hydraulic fluid, through working
fluid inlet 30. When the working fluid is a non-compressible hydraulic fluid, housing 26 may further include an accumulator (not shown) for storing a portion of the non-compressible hydraulic fluid during an overpressurization event. - As explained in more detail below, drive 38 causes drive
system 14 to draw process fluid frominlet manifold 16 into either of the two flowpaths through end covers 22 a, 22 b. The working fluid in housing 26 causes a fluid displacement member internal to pump 10 to discharge the process fluid from either flowpath though end covers 22 a, 22 b tooutlet manifold 18.Inlet check valves inlet manifold 16 while the process fluid is being discharged tooutlet manifold 18. Similarly,outlet check valves outlet manifold 18 as the process fluid is drawn into the flowpaths frominlet manifold 16. -
FIG. 2A is an exploded, perspective view ofpump 10.FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view ofpump 10 taken along line 2-2 inFIG. 1 .FIGS. 2A and 2B will be discussed together.Pump 10 includesinlet manifold 16;outlet manifold 18; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b;inlet check valves outlet check valves bushings fluid displacement components outer cylinders collars Drive system 14 includeshousing 28;piston guide 30;piston 52; pulls 54 a, 54 b; andface plates Housing 28 includes workingfluid inlet 32 and guideopening 58.Housing 28 definesinternal pressure chamber 60.Piston guide 30 includesbarrel nut 62 andguide pin 64.Piston 52 includes pullchambers central slot 68; andaxial slot 70. Fluid covers 20 a, 20 b include, respectively,ports Fluid displacement components diaphragms inner plates outer plates plungers attachment members Outlet manifold 18 includeselbows Inlet manifold 16 includeselbows Drive 38 of electric drive 12 (FIG. 1 ) is shown. As shown inFIG. 2B , drive 38 includesdrive shaft 84 andcam follower 86. - A left-right directional convention is indicated on
FIG. 2B . “Inner” as used herein refers to being closer to the axis ofdrive shaft 84 and/orcam follower 86 while “outer” as used herein refers to being further away from the axis ofdrive shaft 84 and/or thefollower 86 along pump axis A-A in either the left or right direction. -
Housing 28 is disposed between fluid cover 20 a and fluid cover 20 b.Outer cylinder 46 a extends between and is retained between fluid cover 20 a and end cover 22 a.Outer cylinder 46 b extends between and is retained betweenfluid cover 20 b and end cover 22 b.Inlet manifold 16 is configured to provide process fluid to pumpingchambers FIG. 2B ) within end covers 22 a, 22 b.Elbow 19 c extends to endcover 22 a, andelbow 19 d extends to endcover 22 b.Inlet check valve 24 a is disposed between end cover 22 a andelbow 19 c.Inlet check valve 24 b is disposed between end cover 22 b andelbow 19 d.Inlet check valves inlet manifold 16. Whileinlet check valves -
Outlet manifold 18 is configured to receive process fluid from pumpingchambers Elbow 19 a extends from end cover 22 a, andelbow 19 b extends from end cover 22 b.Outlet check valve 26 a is disposed between end cover 22 a andelbow 19 a.Outlet check valve 26 b is disposed between end cover 22 b andelbow 19 b.Outlet check valves outlet manifold 18. Whileoutlet check valves -
Piston 52 is disposed withinhousing 28 and is configured to be driven in a reciprocating manner along pump axis A-A bydrive 38. Driveshaft 84 is powered by electric drive 12 (FIG. 1 ).Cam follower 86 extends fromdrive shaft 84 intocentral slot 68 ofpiston 52 to drive the reciprocation ofpiston 52.Cam follower 86 engages the walls definingcentral slot 68 ofpiston 52.Bushings housing 28.Piston 52 is disposed within, and rides on,bushings piston 52 to lateral (left and right) motion. As shown,cam follower 86 is offset from the axial center of thedrive shaft 84 such thatcam follower 86 orbits the axis ofdrive shaft 84, instead of merely rotating about its own axis. Due tocam follower 86 being located within vertically orientatedcentral slot 68 ofpiston 52,cam follower 86 does not pushpiston 52 up or down. Instead,cam follower 86forces piston 52 to reciprocate laterally left and right along pump axis A-A. Whilepump 10 is described as includingpiston 52, it is understood that any desired type of reciprocating member can be utilized, which may include, but is not limited to, a scotch yoke or other reciprocating drive. -
Piston guide 30 extends throughhousing 28 and is configured to preventpiston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A.Barrel nut 62 extends through guide opening 58, and guidepin 64 is connected tobarrel nut 62. As shown,guide pin 64 rides withinaxial slot 70 ofpiston 52 to preventpiston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A.Piston guide 28 thereby ensures that the motion ofpiston 52 is limited to reciprocation along piston axis A-A. -
Piston 52 includespull chamber 66 a disposed within a first end ofpiston 52 and pullchamber 66 b disposed within a second, opposite end ofpiston 52.Face plates piston 52 and cap pullchambers Face plates pull chambers piston 52.Face plates piston 52. Any desired fastener, such as a bolt, can extend through the fastener openings intopiston 52 to secureface plates piston 52. Pulls 54 a, 54 b extend out ofpull chambers face plates -
Pump 10 includesfluid displacement components fluid displacement components diaphragms fluid displacement components Fluid displacement components pump 10 is described as a double displacement pump, utilizing dualfluid displacement components pump 10 can be single-displacement or double-displacement pumps. - Fluid covers 20 a, 20 b are secured to opposite ends of
housing 28 byfasteners 40 a extending through fluid covers 20 a, 20 b intohousing 28.Ports outer chambers diaphragms Diaphragm 74 a is secured betweenhousing 28 and fluid cover 20 a to define and seal, in part,internal pressure chamber 60. Similarly,diaphragm 74 b is secured betweenhousing 28 and end coverfluid cover 20 b to define and seal, in part,internal pressure chamber 60. Diaphragms 74 a, 74 b are configured to flex and spring back to a nominal shape. For example,diaphragms inner plates outer plates Inner plates diaphragms internal pressure chamber 60.Outer plates diaphragms outer chambers -
Diaphragm 74 a defines, in part, two chambers:internal pressure chamber 60 andouter chamber 88 a.Diaphragm 74 b also defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber 60 a andouter chamber 88 b.Internal pressure chamber 60 is defined byhousing 28 anddiaphragms Outer chambers outer chambers internal pressure chamber 60 due to the movement of thediaphragms outer chamber 88 a becomes smaller. Such change in volume inouter chamber 88 a could increase the pressure within theouter chamber 88 a, thereby increasing a countervailingforce pushing diaphragm 74 a leftward against the force generated by the fluid charge ininternal pressure chamber 60. Likewise, leftward movement ofdiaphragm 74 a could create a suction or vacuum condition inouter chamber 88 a. However,ports outer chambers outer chambers - In some examples,
outer chambers outer chambers outer chambers outer chambers outer chambers -
Plungers outer plates outer cylinders chambers plungers attachment members Attachment members diaphragms plungers attachment members plungers inner plates diaphragms outer plates attachment member 82 a,diaphragm 74 a,inner plate 76 a,outer plate 78 a, andplunger 80 a are attached as an assembly and move together. Similarly, pull 54 b,attachment member 82 b,diaphragm 74 b,inner plate 76 b,outer plate 78 b, andplunger 80 b are attached as an assembly and move together. Whileattachment members diaphragms plungers plungers outer plates diaphragms plungers outer plates plungers diaphragms outer plates plungers outer plates -
Fasteners 40 b extend through end covers 22 a, 22 b and into fluid covers 20 a, 20 b, clampingouter cylinders Plungers chambers outer cylinders chambers plungers Plungers outer cylinders chambers plungers outer cylinders plungers outer cylinders covers plungers plungers -
Collars Collars outer cylinders collars plungers plungers chambers plungers pumping chambers pump 10 is described as includingouter cylinders collars -
Internal pressure chamber 60 is configured to be charged with a working fluid during operation ofpump 10. The working fluid is either a gas, such as compressed air, or a non-compressible hydraulic fluid. The output pressure frompump 10 is set by charging the working fluid ininternal pressure chamber 60 to a desired operational pressure. The working fluid is configured to drive eachfluid displacement component plungers chambers chambers chambers outlet manifold 18.Piston 52 is configured to draw eachfluid displacement component plungers chambers chambers chambers inlet manifold 16. - During operation, drive
shaft 84 rotates about its axis and causes orbital movement ofcam follower 86 about driveshaft axis D-D (shown inFIG. 1 ).Cam follower 86 drives the oscillation ofpiston 52 along piston axis A-A. Pulls 54 a, 54 b facilitate mechanical pulling offluid displacement components fluid displacement components piston 52 are configured such that pulls 54 a, 54 b are unable to exert sufficient pressure onfluid displacement components fluid displacement components pump 10 is shown as including pulls 54 a, 54 b, it is understood that any desired intermediate component capable of pulling in tension but not pushing in compression can connectpiston 52 tofluid displacement components - Pulls 54 a, 54 b are slidably disposed within
pull chambers face plate pull chambers face plates face plates -
Face plates fluid displacement components Piston 52 is thereby capable of pulling pulls 54 a, 54 b, and thusfluid displacement components fluid displacement components chambers pull chambers piston 52 moves towardfluid displacement components -
Piston 52 is driven leftward and rightward along piston axis A-A bycam follower 86. Aspiston 52 moves leftward,piston 52 pulls, by way offace plate 56 a, pull 54 a to the left.Piston 52 thereby pullsfluid displacement component 44 a to the left due to the connection of pull 54 a andfluid displacement component 44 a. However, the flanged end of pull 54 a can move withinpull chamber 66 a, so whenpiston 52 reaches the end of the leftward travel and reverses to rightward travel, the flanged end of pull 54 a can slide relative topiston 52 withinpull chamber 66 a. As such,piston 52 is prevented from pushing on pull 54 a aspiston 52 moves rightward.Piston 52 thereby does not drivefluid displacement component 44 a rightward through a pumping stroke. Instead, what movesfluid displacement component 44 a rightward is the charge pressure of the working fluid withininternal pressure chamber 60 pushing on the inner side of thefluid displacement component 44 a, and specifically oninner plate 76 a and thediaphragm 74 a. - Inward movement, to the left, of
fluid displacement component 44 a, due to the connection offluid displacement component 44 a withpiston 52 viapull 54 a andface plate 56 a, partially withdraws the outer end ofplunger 80 a from pumpingchamber 90 a within end cover 22 a. Such movement increases the available volume within the pumpingchamber 90 a, creating a suction condition that opensinlet check valve 24 a and draws the process fluid frominlet manifold 16 into pumpingchamber 90 a pastinlet check valve 24 a. The suction condition also causesoutlet check valve 26 a to close, thereby preventing retrograde flow of process fluid fromoutlet manifold 18 into pumpingchamber 90 a. - As
piston 52 travels leftward the charge pressure of the working fluid withininternal pressure chamber 60 drivesfluid displacement component 44 b leftward through a pumping stroke.Piston 52 does not mechanically forcefluid displacement component 44 b to move leftward (outward) because the inner flanged end ofpull 54 b slides withinpull chamber 66 b, preventingpiston 52 from pushing on pull 54 b. Instead, the charge pressure of the working fluid ininternal pressure chamber 60 pushesfluid displacement component 44 b, and specifically diaphragm 74 b andinner plate 76 b, thereby forcingplunger 80 b further into pumpingchamber 90 b. Forcingplunger 80 b into pumpingchamber 90 b reduces the available volume within pumpingchamber 90 b, increasing the pressure within pumpingchamber 90 b. The increased pressure causesoutlet check valve 26 b to open and drives the process fluid downstream out of pumpingchamber 90 b throughoutlet check valve 26 b. The process fluid flows out of pumpingchamber 90 b intooutlet manifold 18. The increased pressure in pumpingchamber 90 b due to the advancement ofplunger 80 b also causesinlet check valve 24 b to close, thereby preventing retrograde flow of process fluid from pumpingchamber 90 b upstream pastinlet check valve 24 b. - After
piston 52 reaches the furthest extent of its leftward movement,piston 52 reverses course and is driven rightward bycam follower 86. As discussed above, the charge pressure of the working fluid drivesfluid displacement component 44 a through a pumping stroke aspiston 52 moves rightward, andpiston 52 pullsfluid displacement component 44 b through a suction stroke aspiston 52 moves rightward. - As
piston 52 moves rightward,piston 52 pulls pull 54 b, by way offace plate 56 b, to the right.Piston 52 thereby pullsfluid displacement component 44 b to the right, causingfluid displacement component 44 b to proceed through a suction stroke. However, the flanged end ofpull 54 b can move withinpull chamber 66 b. As such, whenpiston 52 reaches the end of its rightward travel and reverses to leftward travel, the flanged end ofpull 54 b can slide relative topiston 52 withinpull chamber 66 b, andpiston 52 is prevented from pushing on pull 54 b aspiston 52 moves leftward.Piston 52 thereby does not drivefluid displacement component 44 b leftward through a pumping stroke. Instead, the charge pressure withininternal pressure chamber 60 pushing on the inner side of thefluid displacement component 44 b, and specifically oninner plate 76 b and thediaphragm 74 b, movesfluid displacement component 44 b leftward through a pumping stroke. - Inward movement, to the right, of
fluid displacement component 44 b, due to the connection offluid displacement component 44 b andpiston 52 viapull 54 b andface plate 56 b, partially withdraws the outer end ofplunger 80 b from pumpingchamber 90 b withinend cover 22 b. Such movement increases the available volume within the pumpingchamber 90 b, creating a suction condition that opensinlet check valve 24 b and draws the process fluid frominlet manifold 16 into pumpingchamber 90 b pastinlet check valve 24 b. The suction condition also causesoutlet check valve 26 b to close, thereby preventing retrograde flow of process fluid fromoutlet manifold 18 into pumpingchamber 90 b. - As
piston 52 travels rightward the charge pressure of the working fluid withininternal pressure chamber 60 drivesfluid displacement component 44 a rightward through a pumping stroke.Piston 52 does not mechanically forcefluid displacement component 44 a to move rightward (outward) because the inner flange end of pull 84 a slides withinpull chamber 66 a. Instead, it is the charge pressure of the working fluid ininternal pressure chamber 60 that pushesfluid displacement component 44 a, and specifically diaphragm 74 a andinner plate 76 a, forcingplunger 80 a further into pumpingchamber 90 a. Forcingplunger 80 a into pumpingchamber 90 a reduces the available volume within pumpingchamber 90 a, increasing the pressure within pumpingchamber 90 a, thereby causingoutlet check valve 26 a to open and driving the process fluid downstream out of pumpingchamber 90 a through outlet check valve 26. The process fluid flows out of pumpingchamber 90 a intooutlet manifold 18. The increased pressure in pumpingchamber 90 a due to the advancement ofplunger 80 a causesinlet check valve 24 a to close, thereby preventing retrograde flow of process fluid from pumpingchamber 90 a upstream pastinlet check valve 24 a. -
Fluid displacement components fluid displacement components fluid displacement components -
Pump 10 and the alternating use ofpiston 52 to mechanically pull, but not mechanically push, thefluid displacement components internal pressure chamber 60 to pneumatically or hydraulically push, but not pull,fluid displacement components Piston 52 is prevented from exerting an uncompromising mechanical pushing force on eitherfluid displacement component pump 10 is generated by the charge of the pressurized working fluid withininternal pressure chamber 60. - If the pressure in the process fluid exceeds the pressure in the working fluid, then
fluid displacement components piston 52, but pulls 54 a, 54 b andfluid displacement components piston 52.Fluid displacement components fluid displacement components fluid displacement components fluid displacement components piston 52 to continue to oscillate without pushing eitherfluid displacement component pump 10 to continue to run during the deadhead condition without causing any harm to the motor or pump. As piston 54 continues to oscillate, pulls 54 a, 54 b will simply slide withinpull chambers fluid displacement components pump 10 to continue to run prevents undesired wear to components ofpump 10 that can occur due to repeated start up and shut down. In addition, allowingpump 10 to continue to run increases the efficiency of the pumping operation, as the user is not required to stop and startpump 10 whenever the user desired to close the outlet. Moreover, damage to various components ofpump 10 is avoided, as electric drive 12 (FIG. 1 ) and drive 14 will not experience unexpected resistance during the deadhead, as pulls 54 a, 54 b simply slide withinpull chambers piston 52 fromfluid displacement members - Another benefit, in some embodiments, is a reduction or elimination of downstream pulsation of the process fluid. A constant downstream pressure can be produced by
pump 10 to eliminate pulsation by sequencing the speed ofpiston 52 with the pumping stroke caused by the working fluid. Sequencing the suction and pumping strokes can preventdrive system 14 from entering a state of rest where onefluid displacement member piston 52 reversing course along pump axis A-A. -
Piston 52 is sequenced by setting the speed of oscillation and/or the pressure of the working fluid such that whenpiston 52 begins to pull onefluid displacement component fluid displacement component piston 52 can pull onefluid displacement component fluid displacement component fluid displacement component outlet manifold 18 at a constant rate. - Moreover, pump 10 can generate higher output pressures in the process fluid than the charge pressure of the working fluid. The respective surface areas of
fluid displacement components fluid displacement components - More specific to the illustrated embodiment, the diameter of the inner parts of
fluid displacement components diaphragms inner plates plungers fluid displacement components plungers fluid displacement components chambers internal pressure chamber 60. Therefore, the pumping pressure developed in pumpingchambers fluid displacement components fluid displacement components compact pump 10, aspump 10 can provide higher pumping pressures in a more compact arrangement due to the variations in surface area. Moreover, pump 10 has increased efficiency, as less energy is required to charge the working fluid to achieve the desired output pressure. - High pressure output of process fluid is beneficial in various applications of fluid handling, such as for dispensing or spraying viscous fluid. Embodiments of the present disclosure extend the output pressure from
pump 10 above the supply pressure while still allowing the downstream outlet ofpump 10 to be shutoff or otherwise deadheaded without concern of spiking pressure ordamaging pump 10. For example, the user may only have a 100 PSI compressor available for generating the initial charge of working fluid withininternal pressure chamber 60. The mechanical advantage gained byfluid displacement components pump 10 from suffering damage that can otherwise result from frequent starting and stopping of process fluid dispenses. Pulls 54 a, 54 b house withinpull chambers piston 52 from pushing onfluid displacement components piston 52 pullingfluid displacement components - When compressed air is used as the working fluid,
drive system 14 eliminates the possibility of exhaust icing, as can be found in air-driven pumps, because the compressed air indrive system 14 is not exhausted after each stroke. Other exhaust problems are also eliminated, such as safety hazards that arise from exhaust becoming contaminated with process fluids. Additionally, higher energy efficiency can be achieved withdrive system 14 becauseinternal pressure chamber 60 eliminates the need to provide a fresh dose of compressed air during each stroke, as is found in typical air operated pumps. When a non-compressible hydraulic fluid is used as the working fluid,drive system 14 eliminates the need for complex hydraulic circuits with multiple compartments, as can be found in typical hydraulically driven pumps. Additionally,drive system 14 eliminates the contamination risk between the process fluid and the working fluid due to the balanced forces on either side offluid displacement components -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view ofpump 100.Pump 100 includes end covers 22 a, 22 b;inlet check valves outlet check valves bushings outer cylinders collars cylinders fluid displacement components Drive system 14 includeshousing 28;piston guide 30;piston 52; pulls 54 a, 54 b; andface plates Housing 28 includesguide opening 58 and definesinternal pressure chamber 60.Piston guide 30 includesbarrel nut 62 andguide pin 64.Piston 52 includes pullchambers central slot 68; andaxial slot 70. Fluid covers 120 a, 120 b include, respectively,ports Fluid displacement components plungers attachment members pistons pistons piston grooves piston rings Outlet manifold 18 includeselbows Inlet manifold 16 includeselbows shaft 84 andcam follower 86 ofdrive 38 are shown. -
Housing 28 definesinternal pressure chamber 60.Bushings Piston 52 is disposed withinhousing 28 and supported bybushings Cam follower 86 extends intocentral slot 68 ofpiston 52 and is configured to drive oscillation ofpiston 52 along piston axis A-A.Piston guide 30 extends throughhousing 28 and engagesaxial slot 70 ofpiston 52 to preventpiston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A.Barrel nut 68 extends through guide opening 60, and guidepin 70 is connected tobarrel nut 68. As shown,guide pin 70 rides within axial slot 76 ofpiston 52 to preventpiston 52 from rotating about piston axis A-A. -
Piston 52 includespull chamber 72 a disposed within a first end ofpiston 52 and pullchamber 72 b disposed within a second, opposite end ofpiston 52.Face plates piston 52 and cap pullchambers Face plates pull chambers piston 52.Face plates piston 52. Any desired fastener, such as a bolt, can extend through the fastener openings intopiston 52 to secureface plates piston 52. Pulls 86 a, 86 b extend out ofpull chambers face plates - Drive
cylinders housing 28 and fluid covers 120 a, 120 b. Fluid covers 120 a, 120 b are attached tohousing 28 by fasteners (not shown) extending through fluid covers 120 a, 120 b intohousing 28.Outer cylinders Collars Collars outer cylinders collars plungers -
Fluid displacement components chambers chambers pistons drive cylinders piston 94 a defines, in part, two chambers:internal pressure chamber 60 andouter chamber 88 a. Drivepiston 94 b similarly defines, in part, two chambers: internal pressure chamber andouter chamber 88 b.Internal pressure chamber 60 is defined byhousing 28 and drivepistons Outer chambers outer chambers internal pressure chamber 60 due to the movement of thedrive pistons Ports outer chambers outer chambers -
Piston grooves drive pistons piston grooves drive cylinders internal pressure chamber 60 fromouter chambers drive cylinders drive pistons drive cylinders -
Plungers drive pistons chambers Plungers outer cylinders drive piston 94 a, andplunger 80 a are connected to move as an assembly. Similarly, pull 54 b,drive piston 94 b, andplunger 80 b are connected to move as an assembly.Attachment members drive pistons plungers pistons plungers attachment members pistons plungers pistons plungers fluid displacement components - The operation of
pump 100′ is similar to the operation of pump 100 (FIGS. 2A-2B ), except the working fluid acts ondrive pistons diaphragms FIGS. 2A-2B ). Aspiston 52 is driven rightward bycam follower 86,piston 52 pullsfluid displacement component 144 b to the right due to the connection ofpull 54 b andfluid displacement component 144 b. Pullingfluid displacement component 144 b to the right retractsplunger 80 b fromfluid cavity 90 b creating suction and drawing the process fluid intofluid cavity 90 b throughinlet valve 24 b. - As
piston 52 moves rightward, the charge pressure of the working fluid ininternal pressure chamber 60 drivesfluid displacement component 144 a rightward. The rightward movement offluid displacement component 144 a causes plunger 80 a to proceed intofluid cavity 90 a, thereby decreasing the volume offluid cavity 90 a and driving the process fluid out offluid cavity 90 a throughoutlet check valve 26 a. - The charge pressure acts on the inner faces of
drive piston 94 a to cause the rightward movement offluid displacement component 144 a. The diameter D1 ofdrive piston 94 a is larger than the diameter D2 ofplunger 80 a. As such, the area ofdrive piston 94 a acted on by the working fluid is larger than the area ofplunger 80 a acting on the process fluid. The force exerted ondrive piston 94 a by the working fluid is the same as the force exerted on the process fluid byplunger 80 a, due to the rigid connection betweendrive piston 94 a andplunger 80 a. Because the forces are the same, the pressure differential between the working fluid and the process fluid is the inverse of the area differential between the inner face ofdrive piston 94 a and the outer face ofplunger 80 a. Force (F) is related to surface area (A) and pressure (P) according to the following equation: -
F=PA - As such, assuming that the working fluid has a charge pressure of about 100 psi, that driving
piston 94 a has a diameter of about 2 in, and thatplunger 80 a has a diameter of about 1 in. The output pressure of the process fluid generated byfluid displacement component 144 a is thus about 400 psi. The diameters D1 and D2 can be dimensioned according to any desired ratio to provide the desired output pressure based on the set charge pressure. - After
piston 52 has shifted rightward,cam follower 86causes piston 52 to reverse direction and move leftward.Face plate 56 a engages the flanged end of pull 54 a, andpiston 52 begins to pullfluid displacement component 144 a through a suction stroke.Plunger 80 a is withdrawn from pumpingchamber 90 a, creating suction in pumpingchamber 90 a and drawing the process fluid into pumpingchamber 90 a throughinlet valve 24 a. - As
piston 94 a pullsfluid displacement component 144 a through a suction stroke, the charge pressure of the working fluid pushesfluid displacement component 144 a through a pumping stroke. The charge pressure acts on the inner face ofdrive piston 94 b to pushfluid displacement component 144 b through the pumping stroke.Plunger 80 b is driven into pumpingchamber 90 b bydrive piston 94 b, thereby decreasing the volume in pumpingchamber 90 b and driving the process fluid downstream from pumpingchamber 90 b throughoutlet valve 26 b.Fluid displacement component 144 b provides a force multiplication similar tofluid displacement component 144 a. -
Pump 100 provides significant advantages. The working fluid ininternal pressure chamber 60 acts on the inner faces ofdrive pistons fluid displacement components pistons drive cylinders drive pistons drive pistons plungers fluid displacement components pistons plungers fluid displacement components fluid displacement components compact pump 100. The more compact pump arrangement is less costly to manufacture, easier for the end user to use and store, and more energy efficient. - In addition, the reciprocation of
piston 52 can be sequenced to provide pulseless downstream flow. To achieve the pulseless flow, the speed ofpiston 52 is set such thatpiston 52 begins to pullfluid displacement components fluid displacement component fluid displacement component chamber outlet manifold 18 at the same pressure because eachfluid displacement component -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view ofpump 200.Pump 200 includesinlet manifold 16;outlet manifold 18; end covers 22 a, 22 b;inlet check valves outlet check valves outer cylinders collars fluid displacement components Drive system 114 includeshousing 128,solenoid 202,armature 204, and pulls 154 a, 154 b.Housing 128 definesinternal pressure chamber 60. Fluid covers 220 a, 220 b include, respectively,ports Fluid displacement components inner portion outer portion Outlet manifold 18 includeselbows Inlet manifold 16 includeselbows -
Pump 200 is similar to pump 10 (FIGS. 2A-2B ) and pump 100 (FIG. 3 ), exceptpump 200 is electrically driven. In addition, pulls 154 a, 154 b are bands instead of shafts having flanged and attachment ends.Housing 28 definesinternal pressure chamber 60.Solenoid 202 is supported byhousing 28 and is electrically connected to a power source. The power source can be external to pump 10, such motor 34 (FIG. 1 ) or an electric cord configured to connect to the electric grid, or internal to pump 10, such as a battery mounted inhousing 28. However, withsolenoid 202 supported byhousing 28,drive system 14 can be considered as having the power source ofdrive system 14 integrated intohousing 28 andinternal pressure chamber 60. -
Armature 204 is disposed within and configured to be driven bysolenoid 202.Armature 204 is connected tofluid displacement components armature 204 and toinner portions fluid displacement components fluid displacement components armature 204 andfluid displacement components inner portion fluid displacement components armature 204. Pulls 154 a, 154 b can also be attached toarmature 204 in any desired manner, such as by pins. - While
pump 10 is described as including pulls 154 a, 154 b, it is understood thatarmature 204 andfluid displacement components armature 204 can include pull chambers, similar to pullchambers FIGS. 2B-3 ), extending into opposite ends ofarmature 204. Pulls 54 a, 54 b (FIGS. 2B-3 ) can then extend from the pull chambers and be connected tofluid displacement components attachment members FIGS. 2B-3 ). -
Solenoid 202 andarmature 204 are of any suitable configuration for causingarmature 204 to reciprocate along pump axis A-A.Solenoid 202 can be either a single-acting solenoid, such thatsolenoid 202 drives armature 204 in a single direction and a spring drivesarmature 204 in the other direction, or a double-acting solenoid, such thatsolenoid 202 drives armature 204 in both the left and right directions. In examples wheresolenoid 202 is double-acting,armature 204 can be a permanent magnet such that reversing the polarity throughsolenoid 202 drives the reciprocation ofarmature 204. In examples wheresolenoid 202 is single-acting,solenoid 202 can be configured to drivearmature 204 in a first direction and a spring (not shown) can be configured to drivearmature 204 in a second, opposite direction. For example,solenoid 202 can be configured to pullarmature 204 leftward, causingarmature 204 to pullfluid displacement component 44 a through a suction stroke. The spring can be configured to pusharmature 204 rightward, causingarmature 204 to pullfluid displacement component 44 b through a suction stroke. It is understood thatsolenoid 202 can pullarmature 204 rightward and the spring can push armature leftward. -
Outer portions inner portions fluid displacement components Outer portions inner portions outer cylinder fluid cavity Inner portion fluid cover inner cover portions outer cover portions 223 a, 223 b. In other examples, fluid covers 220 a, 220 b can be formed from a single part. For example, eachfluid cover outer cover portion 223 a, 223 b that is bolted to the central portion ofhousing 128, andinner cover portions inner portions fluid displacement components Outer cover portions 223 a, 223 b andinner cover portions outer cover portions 223 a, 223 b can be metallic, andinner cover portions inner portions inner cover portions fluid cover inner portions grooves FIG. 3 ), and the seal can seal againstinner cover portions fluid cover -
Inner portion 206 a defines, in part, two chambers:internal pressure chamber 60 andouter chamber 88 a.Inner portion 206 b defines, in part, two chambers:internal pressure chamber 60 andouter chamber 88 b.Internal pressure chamber 60 is defined byhousing 28 andinner portions Outer chambers Inner portions internal pressure chamber 60 intoouter chambers Ports outer chambers - The operation of
pump 200 is similar to the operation of pump 10 (FIGS. 2A-2B ) and pump 100 (FIG. 3 ), except the working fluid acts onfluid displacement components solenoid 202 andarmature 204. A charge is provided to solenoid 202 to cause displacement ofarmature 204 along pump axis A-A. Asarmature 204 moves rightward,armature 204 pullsfluid displacement component 244 b to the right due to pull 154b connecting armature 204 andfluid displacement component 244 b. Pullingfluid displacement component 44 b retractsouter portion 208 b from pumpingcavity 90 b, creating suction and drawing the process fluid into pumpingcavity 90 b throughinlet valve 24 b. - As
armature 204 moves rightward, the charge pressure of the working fluid ininternal pressure chamber 60 drivesfluid displacement component 244 a rightward. The rightward movement offluid displacement component 244 a causesouter portion 208 a to move into pumpingcavity 90 a, thereby decreasing the volume of pumpingcavity 90 a and driving the process fluid out of pumpingcavity 90 a throughoutlet check valve 26 a. The working fluid acts oninner portion 206 a to drivefluid displacement component 244 a. In the example shown,inner portion 206 a has a larger diameter thanouter portion 208 a, and as suchfluid displacement component 244 a provides a force multiplication between the charge pressure of the working fluid and the output pressure of the process fluid. - After
armature 204 has shifted rightward,armature 204 reverses direction and moves leftward. As discussed above, the leftward movement can be caused by a spring when the charge is removed fromsolenoid 202, by a reversal of the polarity of the charge to solenoid 202, or by any other suitable mechanism or method. Pull 154 a connectsarmature 204 andfluid displacement component 44 a, and pull 154 a pullsfluid displacement component 44 a through a suction stroke.Outer portion 208 a is withdrawn from pumpingchamber 90 a, creating suction in pumpingchamber 90 a and drawing the process fluid into pumpingchamber 90 a throughinlet valve 24 a. - As armature 204 a pulls
fluid displacement component 44 a through a suction stroke, the charge pressure of the working fluid pushesfluid displacement component 44 b through a pumping stroke. The charge pressure acts oninner portion 206 b to pushfluid displacement component 44 b through the pumping stroke.Outer portion 208 b is driven into pumpingchamber 90 b byinner portion 206 b, thereby decreasing the volume in pumpingchamber 90 b and driving the process fluid downstream from pumpingchamber 90 b throughoutlet valve 26 b.Fluid displacement component 244 b provides a force multiplication similar tofluid displacement component 244 a. -
Pump 200 provides significant advantages. The electric driving components,solenoid 202 andarmature 204, are disposed withinhousing 28 andinternal pressure chamber 60, which provides for a compact, self-contained pump.Fluid displacement components internal pressure chamber 60 and the output pressure of the process fluid due to the differing diameters ofinner portions outer portions Armature 204 pullsfluid displacement components fluid displacement components fluid displacement components fluid displacement components fluid displacement components - As shown, different drive mechanisms, reciprocating members, pulls, and fluid displacement components are possible, and embodiments consistent with this disclosure are not limited to the particular embodiments or options disclosed herein. While electrically driven motors and pistons have been disclosed herein, an air or hydraulically driven piston or other reciprocating member could be used instead of or in combination with any fluid displacement component of any embodiment herein.
-
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view ofpiston 52 and pulls 254 a, 254 b.Piston 52 includesface plates chambers central slot 68; andaxial slot 70. Pulls 254 a, 254 b includeinner sections outer sections Inner sections outer flanges first shafts inner flanges Outer sections outer flanges second shafts -
Piston 52 is configured to reciprocate within a housing, such as housing 28 (FIGS. 1-3 ), to pull fluid displacement components, such asfluid displacement components FIGS. 2A-2B ),fluid displacement components FIG. 3 ), andfluid displacement components FIG. 4 ), through suction strokes.Face plates piston 52 and enclosepull chambers piston 52 can pull the fluid displacement components via pulls 254 a, 254 b, but cannot push the fluid displacement components via pulls 254 a, 254 b. -
Inner sections pull chambers face plates outer flanges first shafts pull chambers First shafts face plates face plates outer flanges face plates outer flanges outer flanges face plates - First
inner flanges inner sections inner sections outer flanges Outer sections inner sections Second shafts inner flanges outer flanges inner flanges outer sections inner sections FIGS. 2A-3 ) to connect pulls 54 a, 54 b to the fluid displacement members. - During operation,
outer members inner members inner members pull chambers piston 52 from pushing the fluid displacement members. As such, pulls 54 a, 54 b are configured to telescope during operation. While pulls 54 a, 54 b are each shown as including two members that are slidable, it is understood that pulls 54 a, 54 b can include as many or as few slidable members as desired. Pulls 54 a, 54 b including multiple slidable members configured to telescope reduces the depth required forpull chambers compact pull chambers -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view ofpump 10.Pump 10 includesinlet manifold 16;outlet manifold 18; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b;inlet check valves outlet check valves bushings fluid displacement components outer cylinders 46 a, 36 b;collars Drive system 14 includeshousing 28;piston guide 30;piston 52; pulls 54 a, 54 b;face plates Housing 28 includes workingfluid inlet 32 and guideopening 58.Housing 28 definesinternal pressure chamber 60.Piston guide 30 includesbarrel nut 62 andguide pin 64.Piston 52 includes pullchambers central slot 68; andaxial slot 70. Fluid covers 20 a, 20 b include, respectively,ports Fluid displacement components diaphragms plungers attachment members Outlet manifold 18 includeselbows Inlet manifold 16 includeselbows shaft 84 andcam follower 86 ofdrive 38 are shown. -
Pump 10 shown inFIG. 6 is the same aspump 10 shown inFIG. 2B , except pump 10 shown inFIG. 6 includesplugs Plugs pull chambers pull chambers piston 52 to transmit compressive, pushing forces tofluid displacement components piston 52 can drivefluid displacement components pump 10 to be easily converted between mechanical/fluid operating mode and a mechanical/mechanical operating mode. In the mechanical/fluid operating modefluid displacement components internal pressure chamber 60. In the mechanical/mechanical operating mode,fluid displacement components internal pressure chamber 60 does not require a charge of working fluid, aspiston 52 drivesfluid displacement components - To convert
pump 10 to the mechanical/mechanical operating mode, the user removesface plates piston 52 and dropsplugs pull chambers Face plates piston 52. - In some examples, pump 10 includes a pressure switch (not shown) connected to drive
system 14. The pressure switch can be configured to switch offdrive system 14 based on a sensed pressure reaching or exceeding a threshold. For example, pressure switch can be configured to sense the pressure in pumpingchambers outlet manifold 18. In theevent pump 10 is deadheaded, the pressure will spike in either pumpingchambers outlet manifold 18 asdrive 38 causes reciprocation ofpiston 52. The spike in pressure will trip the pressure switch, causing the pressure switch to deactivatedrive 38 whilepump 10 is deadheaded. In some examples, the user can reactivate pump 10 after downstream flow is returned. In other examples, the pressure switch can be configured to sense the drop in the process fluid pressure, indicating that downstream flow has returned, and can reactivate pump 10 based on that drop in process fluid pressure. -
Pump 10 provides significant advantages.Pump 10 is convertible between the mechanical/fluid operating mode and the mechanical/mechanical operating mode, thereby providing a wide range of pumping options to the end user. The end user can operate in the mechanical/mechanical mode when high downstream pressures are desired or working fluid is unavailable. The end user can operate in the mechanical/fluid operating mode to eliminate downstream pulsation and allowpump 10 to continue operating when deadheaded. -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view ofpump 300.Pump 300 includesinlet manifold 16;outlet manifold 18; fluid covers 20 a, 20 b; end covers 22 a, 22 b;inlet check valves outlet check valves bushings outer cylinders collars fluid displacement components Drive system 314 includeshousing 28,piston guide 30, andpiston 352.Housing 28 includesguide opening 58.Piston guide 30 includesbarrel nut 62 andguide pin 64.Piston 352 includescentral slot 368 andaxial slot 370.Outlet manifold 18 includeselbows Inlet manifold 16 includeselbows shaft 84 andcam follower 86 ofdrive 38 are shown. -
Housing 28 is disposed between fluid covers 20 a, 20 b.Outer cylinders Inlet manifold 16 is configured to provide process fluid to pumpingchambers Inlet check valves inlet manifold 16 and end covers 22 a, 22 b.Outlet manifold 18 is configured to receive process fluid from pumpingchambers Outlet check valves outlet manifold 18. -
Bushings housing 28 and configured to supportpiston 352.Piston 352 is disposed withinbushings Piston guide 30 preventpiston 352 from rotating about pump axis A-A.Barrel nut 62 is disposed inguide opening 58, and guidepin 64 is connected tobarrel nut 62 and extends into and engagesaxial slot 370.Fluid displacement component 344 a extends from a first side ofpiston 352, throughouter cylinder 46 a, and into pumpingchamber 90 a within end cover 22 a.Fluid displacement component 344 b extends from a second side ofpiston 352, throughouter cylinder 46 b, and into pumpingchamber 90 b withinend cover 22 b. As shown,fluid displacement components piston 352. It is understood, however, thatfluid displacement components piston 352 and joined withpiston 352 in any desired manner, such as by a fastener similar toattachment members FIGS. 2A-3 ). -
Fluid displacement components piston 352 are configured to reciprocate as a single assembly.Piston 352 is configured to drivefluid displacement components piston 352 retractsfluid displacement component fluid cavity fluid cavity fluid cavity fluid cavity inlet valve piston 352 drivesfluid displacement component fluid cavity fluid cavity fluid cavity outlet valve - While
pump 300 is shown as includingfluid displacement components pump 300 can include any fluid displacement member suitable for displacing the fluid within pumpingchambers fluid displacement components FIG. 2B ), withdiaphragms FIG. 2B ) rigidly connected topiston 352 such thatpiston 352 drivesfluid displacement components fluid displacement components FIG. 3 ) orfluid displacement components FIG. 4 ) rigidly connected topiston 352 such thatpiston 352 drivesfluid displacement components fluid displacement components -
Pump 300 provides significant advantages.Drive system 314 mechanically drivesfluid displacement components fluid displacement components fluid displacement components -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view ofpump 400.Pump 400 includesinlet manifold 16;outlet manifold 18; end covers 22 a, 22 b;inlet check valves outlet check valves outer cylinders collars fluid displacement components Drive system 414 includeshousing 128,solenoid 202,armature 204, andintermediate members Outlet manifold 18 includeselbows Inlet manifold 16 includeselbows - Pump 400 shown in
FIG. 8 is substantially similar to pump 200 shown inFIG. 4 , exceptpump 400 shown inFIG. 8 includesarmature 204 that is rigidly connected tofluid displacement components intermediate members Fluid displacement components fluid displacement components Armature 204 is rigidly connected tofluid displacement components armature 204 drivesfluid displacement components Intermediate members intermediate members armature 204 andfluid displacement components intermediate members armature 204 andfluid dispensing components fluid dispensing components armature 204; or can provide a rigid connection in any other manner suitable for transmitting both compressive and tensile forces betweenarmature 204 andfluid displacement components -
Solenoid 202 is configured to drivearmature 204 along pump axis A-A to causearmature 204 to drivefluid displacement components armature 204. However, when pumpingchambers fluid displacement components armature 204 and overcomes the driving force provided bysolenoid 202. As such, the output pressure capable of being produced bypump 400 is dependent on the current poweringsolenoid 202 and the surface area offluid displacement component - While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment(s), it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
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