US20190178339A1 - Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric - Google Patents

Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20190178339A1
US20190178339A1 US15/841,186 US201715841186A US2019178339A1 US 20190178339 A1 US20190178339 A1 US 20190178339A1 US 201715841186 A US201715841186 A US 201715841186A US 2019178339 A1 US2019178339 A1 US 2019178339A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
belt
fabric
fabric tube
rubber
yarn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/841,186
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Min Gao
Nigel Peter Blunsden
Guogong Chen
Shawn Xiang Wu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gates Corp
Original Assignee
Gates Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gates Corp filed Critical Gates Corp
Priority to US15/841,186 priority Critical patent/US20190178339A1/en
Assigned to GATES CORPORATION reassignment GATES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BLUNSDEN, NIGEL PETER, CHEN, GUOGONG, GAO, MIN, WU, SHAWN XIANG
Assigned to GATES CORPORATION reassignment GATES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHEN, GUOGONG
Priority to KR1020207019912A priority patent/KR102429353B1/ko
Priority to MX2020007415A priority patent/MX2020007415A/es
Priority to EP18804855.7A priority patent/EP3724535B1/en
Priority to JP2020532736A priority patent/JP7197239B2/ja
Priority to PCT/US2018/058905 priority patent/WO2019118078A1/en
Priority to CN201880080454.0A priority patent/CN111465781A/zh
Publication of US20190178339A1 publication Critical patent/US20190178339A1/en
Priority to US17/197,876 priority patent/US20210222756A1/en
Priority to US18/408,302 priority patent/US20240151293A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G1/00—Driving-belts
    • F16G1/28—Driving-belts with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D29/00—Producing belts or bands
    • B29D29/08—Toothed driving belts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G1/00—Driving-belts
    • F16G1/06—Driving-belts made of rubber
    • F16G1/08—Driving-belts made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber
    • F16G1/10—Driving-belts made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber with textile reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G5/00—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
    • F16G5/04—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber
    • F16G5/06—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber
    • F16G5/08—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber with textile reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G5/00—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
    • F16G5/20—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2007/00—Use of natural rubber as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2675/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2677/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2713/00—Use of textile products or fabrics for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0058—Inert to chemical degradation

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to toothed power transmission belts with fabric on the smooth, back side; more particularly with a closed-mesh, tubular, back fabric, circular-knitted with polyurethane and nylon yarns, heat set, and having an epoxy-based treatment, and particularly suitable for use in an oil-wet environment.
  • Toothed power transmission belts are used to transmit mechanical power and motion between two or more shafts.
  • the teeth mesh with corresponding grooves on sprockets or pulleys, resulting in synchronized motion and torque transfer.
  • the typical timing belt construction includes a high-modulus tensile cord embedded in a rubber belt body, with regular, transverse teeth on one side, the toothed side, of the belt and a smooth surface on the back side of the belt.
  • Representative of the art is U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,171 B1 to Whitfield.
  • the tooth covering fabric is typically rubberized or treated with an adhesion promoter such as an RFL. Whitfield also addresses the need for low temperature performance. Further improvements in low-temperature performance of automotive timing belts would be beneficial.
  • Toothed power transmission belts are typically used in a dry environment, without lubrication.
  • Use in an oil-wet environment such as within the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, presents significant challenges in heat resistance, oil resistance, wear resistance, durability, and load capacity.
  • Representative of the art is U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014/0080647 A1 to Sakamoto et al., which discloses epoxy and epoxy-latex treatments for a woven tooth covering fabric for use in an oil or water environment. Further improvements in oil-wet performance would be beneficial.
  • the present invention is directed to systems and methods which provide toothed power transmission belts with fabric on the smooth, back side, more particularly with a closed-mesh, knit, back fabric, circular knitted with polyurethane and nylon yarns, heat-set and preferably with a treatment such as an epoxy or RFL treatment.
  • the resulting belt is particularly intended for use in an oil-wet environment or for good low-temperature durability, e.g., in an automotive engine timing drive.
  • the invention releates to a toothed power transmission belt with a rubber belt body with a toothed surface on one side thereof and a smooth back side surface opposite the toothed side; a tooth jacket covering the toothed surface; a tensile cord embedded in the belt body; and a back jacket on the back side surface; wherein the back jacket includes a closed-mesh, knit fabric tube.
  • the fabric tube may be knitted with an elastic yarn and an inelastic yarn, which may both be fed separately into a circular, weft-knitting machine.
  • the elastic yarn may include polyurethane and the inelastic yarn may include nylon.
  • the back jacket may have a fabric coating that may be RFL-type or an epoxy-based coating. The coating may include an epoxy and a latex rubber.
  • the invention is also directed to a method of making the toothed power transmission belt described above, including the steps of providing the closed-mesh, knit fabric tube, treating the knit fabric tube with a coating to make the back jacket, applying the back jacket to a belt slab on a belt-building mandrel, curing the belt slab and cutting to a desired width, resulting in a toothed power transmission belt.
  • the treating may include drying the coated fabric in a stress-free process, such as drying the coated fabric on a carrier fabric.
  • the method may include heat setting the knit fabric tube.
  • the invention also relates to a method of using the toothed power transmission belt including installation of the belt on a belt drive, which may be in an oil-wet environment.
  • the drive may be an automotive timing drive and it may use the belt in an oil-wet environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially fragmented view of a toothed belt according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a step of a method embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic of the Hot/Cold Test method
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic of the Cold Test method.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially fragmented side view of a toothed belt according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the belt 10 of the invention has a body 12 which may be of a rubber belt material with belt teeth 14 formed of the body and spaced apart at a pitch P and located on one side of the belt.
  • the teeth are covered with a wear-resistant fabric 16 disposed along peripheral surfaces of the belt teeth.
  • a tensile member 18 of helically spiraled cord is embedded in the belt body.
  • the back of the belt is smooth and located opposite the toothed side and covered with a special back jacket 20 .
  • the back jacket 20 preferably includes a seamless, tubular, knit back fabric made from an elastic yarn and an inelastic yarn fed into a circular knitting machine at the same time but from separate yarn supplies.
  • the back fabric is preferably heat set after knitting.
  • the fabric is preferably treated with a suitable coating after knitting and heat setting.
  • “fabric” refers to the knit material before adhesives or other suitable coatings are applied, and the treated fabric, ready for use in building a belt or in place on a belt is called “jacket.”
  • the seamless, tubular, knit fabric for the back of the belt can be made from yarns such as cellulosed-based yarns or non-cellulose-based yarns.
  • the cellulose-based yarn or fiber includes natural fiber including cotton, linen, jute, hemp, abaca, and bamboo; man-made fiber including rayon and acetate; and combinations thereof.
  • Non-cellulose-based yarn or fiber includes nylon (polyamide), polyester (PET), polyethylene naphthalate, acrylic, aramid (aromatic polyamide), polyolefin, polyvinyl alcohol, liquid crystal polyester, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyimides, polyketone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), e-PTFE, polyphenylenesulfide (PPS), polybenzobisoxazole (PBO), wool, silk and combinations thereof.
  • Some preferred yarns or fiber types for the back fabric include nylon, cotton, polyester, aramid, polyurethane (PU), and blends of such materials.
  • Nylon includes nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 11, and the like.
  • the yarns preferably provide a fabric of good flexibility, good resistance to heat aging, and good resistance to oil, water or other environmental exposure or contamination.
  • the yarns may be staple or filament yarns, including monofilament or multi-filament yarns.
  • the yarns may be of any desired twist or blend or wrapped construction.
  • a preferred fabric may be a two-yarn construction including an elastic yarn, such as polyurethane or rubber yarn, with very high elongation or extensibility, combined with another non-elastic yarn, such as a synthetic or natural fiber yarn such as nylon, PET, aramid or cotton or a blended yarn.
  • the elastic and inelastic yarn may be fed separately, i.e., from separate yarn supplies, spools, or let-offs, into the knitting machine to then be combined and knit at the time of making the fabric.
  • the feeding speed and tension for the individual elastic and inelastic yarns can be then separately controlled to achieve a desired level of stretch in the knit tube.
  • a preferred knit fabric is made of nylon yarn and PU yarn fed separately into the knitting machine.
  • the nylon yarn may be nylon 66 or other suitable nylon type.
  • the nylon yarn can be staple yarn or monofilaments or multiple filament yarn.
  • a three or more yarn construction including an elastic yarn or fiber, a cellulose yarn or fiber, and other yarns, may be used.
  • a third yarn may be selected according to the desired wear resistance.
  • the first yarn is an elastic yarn such as polyurethane, which provides the fabric with a high level of stretchability.
  • the second and third yarn or fibers could consist of a blend of two different types of yarn or fibers, which may be combinations of cellulose yarn or fiber and non-cellulose yarn or fiber, blended in different ratios.
  • the fiber types and ratios may be chosen to provide a desired combination of properties, such as good adhesion and good wear resistance.
  • the ratio of the elastic yarn or fiber to the non-elastic yarn or fiber may be, for example, from 2% to 40% by weight.
  • the knitting pattern of the tubular back fabric may be any suitable knitting pattern.
  • a seamless knit tube pattern may be made by weft knitting, preferably by circular knitting where the threads run continuously around the fabric.
  • the knit may be a plain knit or a rib knit.
  • the knit is a close or tight knit with minimal porosity.
  • the knit back fabric has a rib structure on the inside surface.
  • a 1 ⁇ 1 weft knit tube is one preferred construction.
  • the tightly knit back fabric thus may prevent rubber flow from the belt body through to the outside back surface of the belt.
  • the rib structure on the inside surface of the knit back fabric may allow good mechanical interaction between the body rubber and the fabric resulting in good adhesion between fabric and rubber.
  • the back fabric itself may be more oil resistant than the belt body rubber compound, and preventing oil ingress at the fabric-rubber interface can enhance belt durability in the oil environment.
  • This knit tube for the back fabric may advantageously be put through a heat set process to make the knit tube shrinkage and/or shape more uniform.
  • the knit tube will be applied over a cylindrical mandrel wrapped with belt-building materials for the tooth jacket, belt body and tensile cord. This build-up of belt materials is called the belt slab.
  • the back fabric should fit the slab surface tightly after installation, i.e., with some degree of stretch, and the heat setting may make the fabric stretch more uniform which helps to prevent any abnormal rubber strike-through during molding, thus helping to achieve a more uniform belt back surface appearance, more consistent coefficient of friction (COF), and the like.
  • COF coefficient of friction
  • heat setting has been found to improve oil resistance by preventing oil from passing through the belt back surface.
  • Heat setting conditions may be suitably chosen given the thermal properties of the yarns or fibers used to make the fabric.
  • the heat setting may be carried out on heated rollers, or heating may be by infrared or steam heat. If the fabric is washed or dyed, the washing or dyeing is preferably done before heat setting.
  • the heat setting may include pressing or compacting of the fabric. Compacting or pressing alone can be carried out, but it is more preferable to include heat setting, with or without pressing. Compacting may increase the width of the tube, for example, by controlling the speed of the rolls.
  • the seamless tube for the back fabric may be advantageously used greige (as made, preferably after the heat set) or the greige fabric tube can be coated with a coating or treatment.
  • the knit tube tends to be very stretchable and flexible, making treatment more difficult than conventional woven belt fabrics.
  • One suitable method is to apply a liquid treatment solution directly to the back fabric by dipping, roll-coating, or spraying.
  • the wet fabric may then be dried by placing the fabric on a liner fabric capable of being run thru a conventional continuous fabric drying oven.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates such a drying process. In FIG. 2 , a cut length of treated tubular fabric 20 is laid on the support fabric 24 which carries it through continuous oven 22 .
  • long or continuous lengths of treated tubular fabric can be dried on the support fabric, followed by cutting to a desired length.
  • the back fabric treatment can thus be dried without any stresses on the fabric. Minimizing stresses is important in order to maintain the fabric elongation, the uniformity of shape and knit structure, and the desired width or circumference.
  • a suitable fabric treatment may provide improved adhesion of the fabric to the belt body rubber, reduced strike-through of body rubber, and/or increase the resistance to oil.
  • Another treatment option is to treat the yarns before knitting in order to avoid the problems of treating a very stretchy knit fabric.
  • the post-knitting treatment is preferred here because it is thought to provide better fabric integrity and better resistance to rubber strike-through or oil penetration.
  • the seamless knit tube can be treated with a resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex (RFL) type coating, an epoxy-based or epoxy+rubber-latex type coating, a rubber cement, or a nano-material-based coating, or combinations of multiple coatings.
  • RTL resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex
  • Exemplary epoxy and epoxy-latex type treatments are described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014/0080647 A1, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • One or more sequential coatings or treatments may be applied.
  • the epoxy resin may be applied to the facing fabric after it is first subjected to RFL treatment.
  • the epoxy treatment may be applied to one or both sides of the fabric.
  • the epoxy resin included in the epoxy or epoxy-rubber treatment composition may be bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, novolak-type epoxy resin, biphenyl-type epoxy resin, phenoxy-type epoxy resin, aliphatic epoxy resin, and the like.
  • One of these epoxy resins alone or a combination of two or more may be used.
  • Bisphenol A epoxy resin or novolak-type epoxy resin is preferred.
  • the epoxy resin preferably has a number average molecular weight of 300 or higher.
  • the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is preferably 150 to 1500 g/eq.
  • the number average molecular weight is a value measured with a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) and converted into that of polystyrene.
  • the solvent for diluting the epoxy-rubber treatment agent composition may be water, and the epoxy resin may be water-soluble. Organic solvents may be used instead.
  • the hardener included in the epoxy-rubber treatment composition may be any, as long as the epoxy resin can be hardened thereby.
  • the hardener include amine-based hardener, acid anhydride-based hardener, phenol novolak-based hardener, imidazole-based hardener, dicyandiamide-based hardener, and the like.
  • One of these hardeners alone or a combination of two or more may be used.
  • an imidazole-based hardener which is a catalytic hardener, may be preferably used.
  • a catalytic hardener polymerizes the epoxy resin by catalytic direct reaction of epoxy rings.
  • the hardener may be soluble in water, and dissolved in the treatment liquid as in the case of the epoxy resin.
  • the epoxy resin preferably has three or more functional groups (epoxy groups), so that a network structure may be formed during the hardening or curing process with the hardener.
  • the rubber component included in an epoxy-rubber treatment composition is not particularly limited, but the rubber component is preferably nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), or hydrogenated carboxylic nitrile rubber (HXNBR), especially when the rubber body component is also NBR-based, in order to improve the adhesion with the belt body back surface rubber.
  • the rubber may be rubber latex. In other words, NBR latex, HNBR latex, or HXNBR latex is preferably used in the epoxy-rubber treatment.
  • the tooth covering jacket 16 may be any known construction suitable for the purpose.
  • the fabric of the tooth jacket may include a nylon, polyester, PTFE, PEEK, PPS or aramid yarn or combinations thereof, as well as any of the materials mentioned above for the back fabric.
  • the tooth fabric may be woven or knit or nonwoven.
  • the yarns may be textured for stretch.
  • Useful weaves include plain weaves, twills, satins, and the like.
  • the fabric may be oriented with a stretchy direction in the belt longitudinal direction to facilitate tooth formation.
  • the fabric may be oriented on a bias.
  • Some preferred fabrics include a 2 ⁇ 2 twill woven nylon 66 stretch fabric, or an aramid-nylon blend fabric.
  • the tooth fabric may be treated with any suitable treatment known in the art, including any of the treatments mentioned above for the back fabric.
  • a preferred fabric treatment includes the epoxy or epoxy-rubber treatment, with optional RFL treatment, described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014/0080647A1 to Yamada et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Such a treatment is intended to improve the wear resistance and oil- and water-resistance of a tooth facing jacket, and to provide a toothed belt that has satisfactory durability even when used under high-temperature and high-load conditions or within an oil or water environment.
  • the outer surface of the tooth-facing fabric may be further coated with an oil-resistant or friction-modifying coating, which may contain, for example, one or more of fluoro-resin, binder, epoxy, curative, latex, and other coating ingredients.
  • an oil-resistant or friction-modifying coating may contain, for example, one or more of fluoro-resin, binder, epoxy, curative, latex, and other coating ingredients.
  • Such a coating may be applied to the sides and/or back of the belt as well. Examples of such coatings include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,775 B1 to Gibson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,388,477 B2 to Baldovino et al., the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • any suitable rubber composition(s) may be used for the tooth or belt body rubber 12 .
  • the same or different compounds may be used in the tooth, in the tensile cord layer, and on the back side, as desired.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,171 B1 to Whitfield which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, describes exemplary rubber compounds for the tooth rubber or belt body rubber.
  • the belt body rubber composition may include a nitrile-group containing copolymer rubber such as HNBR and the rubber may include a third monomer which lowers the glass transition of the rubber.
  • the rubber composition may also include from about 0.5 to about 50 parts by weight of rubber (PHR) of a fiber reinforcement.
  • PHR rubber
  • the belt body rubber composition may include HNBR or HXNBR rubber, resorcinol, and a melamine compound.
  • the rubber composition(s) of the belt body may furthermore include additional ingredients known in the art, such as fillers, plasticizers, anti-degradants, processing aids, curatives, coagents, compatibilizers, and the like.
  • the tensile cord 18 for the belt may be any known in the art, but preferably comprises fiber glass, PBO, aramid, carbon fiber or a hybrid of two or more.
  • the tensile cord preferably includes an adhesive treatment that is highly resistant to oil for use in oil-wet environments.
  • the adhesive treatment may be based on nitrile-containing latex or rubber, or other oil-resistant materials.
  • the toothed belts of the invention may be manufactured according to known methods of making belts.
  • the most common approach is to apply the various materials to a grooved mandrel, beginning with the tooth cover jacket, then the tensile cord and body rubber, and ending with the back jacket.
  • the mandrel with the belt slab is then inserted in to a pressurizable shell which can be heated and pressurized to squeeze the materials together, causing the rubber to flow into the teeth grooves pushing the tooth jacket into the shape of the grooves (the “flow-through” method).
  • the teeth can be preformed into the approximate groove shape, optionally with rubber filling the teeth, before placing the tooth jacket on the mandrel (the “preform method”).
  • Other variations on these methods are also possible.
  • the primary additional feature for making a fabric-backed belt is that the rubber layers must be carefully measured to obtain the desired final belt thickness, since the back of the belt cannot be ground to size as is done for rubber-backed belts.
  • a knit tube according to the invention was prepared using nylon 66 yarn and polyurethane elastic yarn fed into a circular, weft knitting machine.
  • the knitting parameters are indicated in Table 1.
  • the tube was washed and heat set with the parameters as indicated in Table 1.
  • the heat setting was done on a two-roll mill with steam heat. Thus, the fabric was also pressed during heat setting.
  • Knit style Tubular Weft knitting 1 ⁇ 1 Feeding speed 13 RPM Yarn feed ratio 22 (Nylon66):8.5 (PU) Yarn content (weight %) 90% Nylon66 + 10% PU Nylon tension 5-7 g Post Processing Parameters Water temperature 60° C. Wash time 20 min. Drying temperature 110-120° C. Drying speed 7 m/min. Heat Set temperature 120-130° C. Heat Set speed 12-13 m/min.
  • the knit tube was then cut to length and treated with various adhesive treatments as indicated in Table 2.
  • As a control variable conventional woven nylon 66 stretch fabric was used.
  • the EP-1 treatment in Table 2 was an epoxy+NBR latex+hardener treatment, applied by dipping and dried on a carrier fabric in a conventional oven at 1.5 m/min and 145-165° C.
  • the EP-2 treatment in Table 2 was the same as EP-1 but with 2-passes through the dipping process, followed by the same drying process.
  • the NBR RFL-1 and -2 treatment was a conventional RFL treatment with NBR latex, also carried out as both a 1-pass treatment and a 2-pass treatment, with a oven speed of 2.5 m/min and at 160-170° C.
  • the VP RFL treatment was a 2-pass treatment using a typical vinylpyridine (VP) latex, dried at 1.7 m/min at 190° C.
  • VP vinylpyridine
  • Table 2 the treatment process was able to preserve the tube dimensions in spite of its high stretchability. It can be seen from Table 2 that the warp and weft elongation at specified load of 0.372 Kg on a 25-mm wide fabric sample does decrease with treatment. The treatment thus increases the dimensional stability of the knit tube.
  • the treated fabric in the final form as used in the belt may be referred to as a jacket.
  • the control fabric, untreated fabric and treated fabrics of Table 2 were used as the back jacket for the toothed belt examples shown in Table 3.
  • the Control fabric of Table 2 was used as the tooth covering jacket, and HNBR rubber compound was used as the belt body, and a conventional fiberglass tensile cord was used as the tensile member.
  • the belts were made in a conventional way, by first applying the tooth cover jacket to a grooved mandrel, then helically winding on the tensile cord (both S and Z twist), then applying calendered layers of belt body rubber, and finally applying the tubular back fabric.
  • the completed slab, on the grooved mandrel was then cured in a pressurized rubber sleeve using steam heat and pressure to soften the rubber, form the teeth and cure the materials.
  • the cured belt slab was removed from the mandrel and cut into belts of desired width for testing.
  • Table 3 shows belt properties and test results on the example belts.
  • the jacket adhesion was tested by peeling the jacket away from the back side of the belt, pulling at 180°. It may be noted that other belt properties, not reported, were approximately equivalent for all examples, including cord pullout adhesion, tooth jacket adhesion, tooth shear strength and tensile strength.
  • Epoxy-NBR Latex showed better oil resistance than RFL based on NBR latex as well as better cold crack resistance.
  • the Hot/Cold Test was carried out on the belts as follows.
  • the Hot/Cold Test layout 30 is illustrated in FIG. 3 , including driver pulley 33 and driven pulley 32 , each having 46 grooves at 8-mm pitch, and smooth 60-mm diameter idler 35 , and 57.2-mm diameter tensioning idler 34 , under a dead weight tension 36 of 400N.
  • Test belt 31 was 24-mm wide, 8-mm pitch, with 146 teeth.
  • the belt is first conditioned on the tester by running it for 250 hours at 110° C. and 3000 RPM. Then the belt is soaked for 15 hours at ⁇ 40° C. Then the tests cycles at ⁇ 40° C. are begun, and continued till cracks or failure are observed, each cycle consisting of running 5 seconds at 300 RPM, then 30 seconds at 2000 RPM, then stopping for 25 minutes.
  • the number of cycles for the first crack to appear is reported in Table 3.
  • the Cold Test was carried out on the belts as follows.
  • the Cold Test layout 40 is illustrated in FIG. 4 , including 19-groove driver pulley 43 and two 22-groove driven pulleys 42 , and smooth 60-mm diameter tensioner 44 , under a tension of 400N.
  • Test belt 41 was 10 mm wide, with 116 teeth and a pitch of 9.525 mm. The belt is first soaked for 15 hours at ⁇ 30° C. Then 100 test cycles at ⁇ 30° C. are begun, and continued till cracks or failure are observed, each cycle consisting of running 30 seconds at 2000 RPM, then stopping for 25 minutes. The result is reported in Table 3.
  • Nylon stretch fabric requires making a tube by sewing the edges together with thread, typically with straight sewing joints.
  • Such fabric can reduce the extent of belt backside cracking, but cannot achieve overall better performance because of the weakness of the sewing joints where cracks are most likely to start.
  • the joints may be located over a tooth to minimize severity of cracking, but the joint is still the weakest location and most likely to crack.
  • using bias thread-sewn joints (on a diagonal line) also creates a joint for crack initiate, and there is also a higher jacket scrap ratio and more difficult manufacturing process to deal with.
  • seamless tubes can be made without any thread sewing joints. Thus, all positions around the belt will have same integrity and durability, with no weak points as occurs with sewn joints. Seamless tubes made by knitting have good elongation and stretch in all directions, which may also result in better crack resistance than conventional nylon stretch fabric.
  • Toothed belts with seamless tube back surface have good wear resistance and a stable COF, with low frictional loss from belt backside. With a knit construction and suitable treatment, rubber strike through to the back belt surface can be minimized, thus preventing oil migration into the back rubber.
  • the inventive belts thus are suitable for use in oil-wet environments, such as within the crankcase of an internal combustion engine.
  • the inventive belts with suitable choice of rubber materials also exhibit good high temperature and low temperature performance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US15/841,186 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric Abandoned US20190178339A1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/841,186 US20190178339A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
CN201880080454.0A CN111465781A (zh) 2017-12-13 2018-11-02 具有背部织物的齿形传动带
PCT/US2018/058905 WO2019118078A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2018-11-02 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
EP18804855.7A EP3724535B1 (en) 2017-12-13 2018-11-02 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
MX2020007415A MX2020007415A (es) 2017-12-13 2018-11-02 Banda dentada de transmision de potencia con tela en el lado posterior.
KR1020207019912A KR102429353B1 (ko) 2017-12-13 2018-11-02 배면 직물을 지닌 치형 전동 벨트
JP2020532736A JP7197239B2 (ja) 2017-12-13 2018-11-02 背面帆布付き歯付き動力伝達ベルト
US17/197,876 US20210222756A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2021-03-10 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
US18/408,302 US20240151293A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2024-01-09 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/841,186 US20190178339A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/197,876 Continuation US20210222756A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2021-03-10 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190178339A1 true US20190178339A1 (en) 2019-06-13

Family

ID=64362731

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/841,186 Abandoned US20190178339A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
US17/197,876 Abandoned US20210222756A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2021-03-10 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
US18/408,302 Pending US20240151293A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2024-01-09 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/197,876 Abandoned US20210222756A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2021-03-10 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
US18/408,302 Pending US20240151293A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2024-01-09 Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (3) US20190178339A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP3724535B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP7197239B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR102429353B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN111465781A (ko)
MX (1) MX2020007415A (ko)
WO (1) WO2019118078A1 (ko)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190376579A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2019-12-12 Gates Corporation Fabric for Toothed Power Transmission Belt and Belt
US20210222756A1 (en) * 2017-12-13 2021-07-22 Gates Corporation Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
US20220316554A1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. V-ribbed belt
US20230076730A1 (en) * 2021-08-18 2023-03-09 Gates Corporation Toothed power transmission belt for use in oil
US20240003405A1 (en) * 2022-06-29 2024-01-04 The Gates Corporation Belts with increased flexibility for personal mobility, automotive and industrial applications

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117980625A (zh) * 2021-08-18 2024-05-03 盖茨公司 同步带织物处理剂和带

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030073533A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-04-17 Knutson Paul S. Power transmission belt with tubular knit overcord
US20030078125A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-04-24 Knutson Paul S. Power transmission belt using stabilized open mesh textile material in overcord for enhanced rubber peneration
US20040217519A1 (en) * 2002-12-26 2004-11-04 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Method of manufacturing a rubber sheet for a power transmission belt and a power transmission belt incorporating the rubber sheet
US20070249451A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-25 Wu Shawn X Power transmission belt
US20100167860A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2010-07-01 The Gates Corporation V-Ribbed Belt and Method for Manufacturing Same
US8932165B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2015-01-13 The Gates Corporation Toothed power transmission belt
US20170284504A1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2017-10-05 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Power-Transmitting Friction Belt and Method for Manufacturing Same
US20170312939A1 (en) * 2016-04-30 2017-11-02 Contitech Antriebssysteme Gmbh Water based urethane as predip for carbon fiber cord
US20180036975A1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2018-02-08 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Transmission Belt, Method for Manufacturing Transmission Belt, Reinforcing Fabric, and Method for Manufacturing Reinforcing Fabric
US20190030845A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2019-01-31 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for producing v-ribbed belt
US20190030844A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2019-01-31 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for producing v-ribbed belt
US20190085938A1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2019-03-21 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Helical Belt and Belt Transmission Gear

Family Cites Families (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853017A (en) * 1973-11-06 1974-12-10 Dayco Corp Endless power transmission belt
US4302197A (en) * 1978-09-13 1981-11-24 Tsubakimoto Chain Co. Toothed belt
JPH074359Y2 (ja) * 1990-07-10 1995-02-01 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 歯付ベルト
WO1996022479A1 (fr) * 1995-01-20 1996-07-25 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Courroie de transmission et son procede de fabrication
US5645504A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-07-08 The Gates Corporation Power transmission belt with teeth reinforced with a fabric material
CA2349707C (en) 1998-11-19 2005-03-29 The Gates Corporation Power transmission belt
GB2349113B (en) 1999-04-21 2003-07-02 Gates Corp Wear resistant belts and a process for their manufacture
EP1630451A3 (en) * 1999-11-12 2008-06-25 The Gates Corporation Power transmission belt using stabilized open mesh textile material in overcord for enhanced rubber penetration
KR100382748B1 (ko) * 2000-05-20 2003-05-09 더 게이츠 코포레이션 고무의 침투를 강화하기 위해 오버코드에 안정화된 망포재료를 사용한 동력 전달 벨트
US6595883B1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2003-07-22 The Gates Corporation V-belt for clutching drive applications
US6612955B2 (en) * 2000-12-08 2003-09-02 The Gates Corporation Power transmission belt
US6945891B2 (en) * 2001-01-12 2005-09-20 The Gates Corporation Power transmission belt and method
US7011880B2 (en) * 2002-07-03 2006-03-14 The Gates Corporation Belt and method of marking
JP4133595B2 (ja) * 2002-08-08 2008-08-13 ゲイツ・ユニッタ・アジア株式会社 伝動ベルト
US7781528B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2010-08-24 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Power transmission belt
BRPI0418562B1 (pt) 2004-02-23 2017-10-24 Dayco Europe S.R.L. Toothed belt
US8357065B2 (en) * 2006-06-01 2013-01-22 The Gates Corporation Power transmission belt and a process for its manufacture
US7749120B2 (en) * 2006-11-03 2010-07-06 Dayco Products, Llc Power transmission belt
JP5058886B2 (ja) * 2007-12-18 2012-10-24 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 摩擦伝動ベルト
US8192316B2 (en) * 2009-02-03 2012-06-05 The Gates Corporation Belt with wear-resistant anti-static fabric
DE102010016393A1 (de) * 2010-04-12 2011-10-13 Contitech Antriebssysteme Gmbh PAK-freier Antriebsriemen, insbesondere Zahnriemen
US9752648B2 (en) 2011-02-24 2017-09-05 Gates Corporation Toothed belt
JP5367006B2 (ja) * 2011-03-31 2013-12-11 ゲイツ・ユニッタ・アジア株式会社 摩擦伝動ベルト
JP5885240B2 (ja) 2011-11-21 2016-03-15 ゲイツ・ユニッタ・アジア株式会社 伝動ベルト
CN104619907B (zh) * 2012-06-24 2017-08-11 盖茨公司 用于经增强的橡胶产品的碳帘线和产品
EP2902344B1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2018-10-10 Susumu Shoji Conveyor belt and drive belt comprising knitted belt, and conveyor device using conveyor belt
JP6023736B2 (ja) * 2013-03-29 2016-11-09 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 Ｖリブドベルト
SG11201508838TA (en) * 2013-05-15 2015-12-30 Bando Chemical Ind Toothed belt, production method therefor, and belt transmission device
JP6144234B2 (ja) * 2013-06-27 2017-06-07 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 伝動ベルトとその繊維部材並びに繊維部材の製造方法
JP6275585B2 (ja) * 2013-08-30 2018-02-07 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 歯付ベルト
WO2015045255A1 (ja) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-02 バンドー化学株式会社 Ｖベルト及びその製造方法
JP6013434B2 (ja) * 2013-11-29 2016-10-25 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 摩擦伝動ベルト及びその製造方法
JP6096239B2 (ja) * 2014-04-30 2017-03-15 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 歯付ベルト
WO2016038854A1 (ja) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-17 バンドー化学株式会社 ゴム繊維複合体
US20190178339A1 (en) * 2017-12-13 2019-06-13 Gates Corporation Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
US10704645B2 (en) * 2017-12-13 2020-07-07 Gates Corporation Bias tooth fabric and toothed power transmission belt
US20190177889A1 (en) * 2017-12-13 2019-06-13 Gates Corporation Method of weaving tubular fabric, the fabric, and a belt using the fabric
JP6676741B2 (ja) * 2018-01-10 2020-04-08 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 摩擦伝動ベルトおよびその製造方法

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030073533A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-04-17 Knutson Paul S. Power transmission belt with tubular knit overcord
US20030078125A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-04-24 Knutson Paul S. Power transmission belt using stabilized open mesh textile material in overcord for enhanced rubber peneration
US20040217519A1 (en) * 2002-12-26 2004-11-04 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Method of manufacturing a rubber sheet for a power transmission belt and a power transmission belt incorporating the rubber sheet
US8932165B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2015-01-13 The Gates Corporation Toothed power transmission belt
US20070249451A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-25 Wu Shawn X Power transmission belt
US20100167860A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2010-07-01 The Gates Corporation V-Ribbed Belt and Method for Manufacturing Same
US20170284504A1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2017-10-05 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Power-Transmitting Friction Belt and Method for Manufacturing Same
US20180036975A1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2018-02-08 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Transmission Belt, Method for Manufacturing Transmission Belt, Reinforcing Fabric, and Method for Manufacturing Reinforcing Fabric
US20190085938A1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2019-03-21 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. Helical Belt and Belt Transmission Gear
US20190030845A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2019-01-31 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for producing v-ribbed belt
US20190030844A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2019-01-31 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for producing v-ribbed belt
US20170312939A1 (en) * 2016-04-30 2017-11-02 Contitech Antriebssysteme Gmbh Water based urethane as predip for carbon fiber cord

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190376579A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2019-12-12 Gates Corporation Fabric for Toothed Power Transmission Belt and Belt
US11168759B2 (en) * 2009-07-02 2021-11-09 Gates Corporation Fabric for toothed power transmission belt and belt
US20210222756A1 (en) * 2017-12-13 2021-07-22 Gates Corporation Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
US20220316554A1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. V-ribbed belt
US20230076730A1 (en) * 2021-08-18 2023-03-09 Gates Corporation Toothed power transmission belt for use in oil
US20240003405A1 (en) * 2022-06-29 2024-01-04 The Gates Corporation Belts with increased flexibility for personal mobility, automotive and industrial applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3724535A1 (en) 2020-10-21
EP3724535B1 (en) 2022-07-20
WO2019118078A1 (en) 2019-06-20
KR102429353B1 (ko) 2022-08-03
KR20200091923A (ko) 2020-07-31
CN111465781A (zh) 2020-07-28
US20210222756A1 (en) 2021-07-22
JP2021507188A (ja) 2021-02-22
JP7197239B2 (ja) 2022-12-27
US20240151293A1 (en) 2024-05-09
MX2020007415A (es) 2020-09-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20240151293A1 (en) Toothed power transmission belt with back fabric
KR101342993B1 (ko) Ｖ-리브드 벨트 및 그 제조 방법
US9188257B2 (en) Flame resistant hose reinforced with fiberglass cord fabric
US10220545B2 (en) Water based urethane as predip for carbon fiber cord
US9052248B2 (en) Method for measuring stable-state tension of power transmission belt
JP2003014052A (ja) 動力伝動用ベルト
CN103511555A (zh) 用于动力传递皮带的覆盖织物和带齿皮带
CA3067179C (en) V-ribbed belt and method for manufacturing same
WO2020075566A1 (ja) 摩擦伝動ベルトおよびその製造方法
JP2004034352A (ja) 動力伝動ベルトの製造方法
JP2001140988A (ja) 動力伝動用ベルト
CN113840952A (zh) 传动带的芯线用加捻绳及其制造方法和用途、以及传动带
JP2002039278A (ja) 動力伝動ベルト

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: GATES CORPORATION, COLORADO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GAO, MIN;BLUNSDEN, NIGEL PETER;CHEN, GUOGONG;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20171109 TO 20171212;REEL/FRAME:045002/0753

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

AS Assignment

Owner name: GATES CORPORATION, COLORADO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CHEN, GUOGONG;REEL/FRAME:045634/0952

Effective date: 20180410

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION