Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for controlling harmful organisms in crops, in other words, harmful arthropods, nematodes, plant pathogens, and/or weeds and a herbicidal composition.
• Various compounds are known as active ingredients of an insecticide, a nematicide, or a fungicide. Further, ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate is known as an active component of a herbicide (see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
• An object of the present invention is to provide an excellently effective method for controlling harmful organisms in a cultivation area of crops.
• the present invention relates to a method for controlling weeds by treating a cultivation area of crops with ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing crop seeds; and a method for controlling harmful organisms generated in a cultivation area by treating a cultivation area of crops with ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing the crop seeds treated with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an insecticidal compound, a nematicidal compound, and
• the present invention includes the followings.
• a method for controlling weeds comprising a step of treating a cultivation area of crops with ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing crop seeds.
• a method for controlling harmful organisms in a cultivation area of crops comprising the steps of: (1) treating crop seeds with one or more compounds selected from compound group A; (2) treating a cultivation area of crops with ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing the crop seeds obtained by the above step; and (3) performing a foliage treatment on crops with one or more compounds selected from compound group B during a growing period of the crops,
• Compound group A the group consisting of a neonicotinoid compound, a diamide compound, a carbamate compound, an organic phosphorus compound, a biological nematicidal compound, other insecticidal compounds and nematicidal compounds, an azole compound, a strobilurin compound, a metalaxyl compound, an SDHI compound, and other fungicidal compounds and plant growth regulators,
• Compound group B the group consisting of a strobilurin compound, an azole compound, an SDHI compound, other fungicidal compounds, a pyrethroid compound, a benzoylphenylurea compound, an organic phosphorus insecticidal compound, a neonicotinoid compound, and a diamide compound.
• Neonicotinoid compounds clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, tri flumezopyrim, dicloromezotiaz, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid;
• Diamide compounds flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, broflanilide, cyhalodiamide, and tetraniliprole;
• Carbamate compounds aldicarb, oxamyl, thiodicarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, and dimethoate;
• Organic phosphorus compounds fenamiphos, imicyafos, fensulfothion, terbufos, fosthiazate, phosphocarb, dichlofenthion, isamidofos, isazophos, ethoprophos, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, heterofos, mecarphon, phorate, thionazin, triazophos, diamidafos, fosthietan, and phosphamidon;
• Biological nematicidal compounds Harpin Protein, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria usage, Myrothecium verrucaria, Burkholderia cepacia, Bacillus chitonosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumulus, Trichoderma harzianum, Hirsutella rhossiliensis, Hirsutella minnesotensis, Verticillium chlamydosporum , and Arthrobotrys dactyloides;
• Azole compounds azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxyconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol, triticonazole, fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, imazalil, oxpoconazole fumarate, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, ipfentrifluconazole, and mefentrifluconazole;
• Strobilurin compounds kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, dimoxystrobin, pyribencarb, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, and mandestrobin;
• Metalaxyl compounds metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M;
• SDHI compounds sedaxane, penflufen, carboxin, boscalid, furametpyr, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, fluopyram, tifluzamide, isofetamid, pyraziflumid, pydiflumetofen, N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide (including a racemate or an enantiomer and a mixture of an R enantiomer and an S enantiomer at any mixing ratio), and N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide (including a racemate or an enantiomer and a mixture of an R enantiomer and an S enantiomer at any mixing ratio);
• fungicidal compounds tolclofos-methyl, thiram, captan, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, thiabendazole, isotianil, ethaboxam, picarbutrazox, oxathiapiprolin, and triazoxide;
• Plant growth regulators ethephon, chlormequat-chloride, mepiquat-chloride, and 4-oxo-4-(2-phenylethyl)aminobutyric acid.
• Strobilurin compounds pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, mandestrobin, trifloxystrobin, and picoxystrobin;
• Azole compounds prothioconazole, epoxyconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, propiconazole, metconazole, bromuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, ipfentrifluconazole, and mefentrifluconazole;
• SDHI compounds benzobindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide (including a racemate or an enantiomer and a mixture of an R enantiomer and an S enantiomer at any mixing ratio), and N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide (including a racemate or an enantiomer and a mixture of an R enantiomer and an S enantiomer at any mixing ratio);
• Pyrethroid compounds bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, etofenprox, silafluofen, and esfenvalerate;
• Benzoylphenylurea compound teflubenzuron and triflumuron;
• Organic phosphorus insecticidal compounds acephate and methomyl
• Neonicotinoid compounds imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, and dicloromezotiaz;
• Diamide compounds flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and cyhalodiamide.
• Harmful organisms in a cultivation area of crops can be controlled by performing the method for controlling harmful organisms of the present invention.
• the method for controlling weeds of the present invention comprises a step of treating a cultivation area of crops with ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate (hereinafter, referred to as a compound X) before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing crop seeds.
• a compound X ethyl [3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate
• the method for controlling harmful organisms of the present invention comprises the steps (1) treating crop seeds with one or more compounds selected from the compound group A (hereinafter, also referred to as a step (1)); (2) treating a cultivation area of crops with the compound X before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing the crop seeds obtained by the above-described step (hereinafter, referred to as a step (2)); and (3) performing a foliage treatment on crops with one or more compounds selected from the compound group B during a growing period of the crops (hereinafter, referred to as a step (3)).
• the compound X is a known compound and is represented by Formula (I).
• the compound X can be produced using known methods such as a method described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,948.
• the crops are not limited as long as the crops are a type which can usually be cultivated as crops, and examples thereof include corn, cotton, rapeseed, rice, wheat, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, and sunflower.
• plants include plants to which tolerance to a PPO inhibitor such as flumioxazine; a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor such as isoxaflutole; an acetolactate synthase (hereinafter, abbreviated as ALS) inhibitor such as imizethapyr and thifensulfuron-methyl; a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (hereinafter, abbreviated as EPSP) inhibitor such as glyphosate; a glutamine synthase inhibitor such as glufosinate; an auxin type herbicide; an acetyl CoA carboxylase (hereinafter, abbreviated as ACCase) inhibitor such as sethoxydim; or a PSII inhibitor such as bromoxynil, is imparted by a traditional breeding method, genome editing, or a genetic engineering technique.
• a PPO inhibitor such as flumioxazine
• Examples of the plants to which tolerance is imparted by a traditional breeding method include STS soybeans having tolerance to a sulfonylurea ALS inhibiting herbicide such as thifensulfuron-methyl.
• examples of the plants to which tolerance is imparted by a traditional breeding method include rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed, and sunflower having tolerance to an imidazolinone ALS inhibitor, and these are already commercially available under the product names of Clearfield (registered trademark) and Express (registered trademark).
• examples of the plants to which tolerance is imparted by a traditional breeding method include corn and rice which are tolerant to an ACCase inhibitor, which have the product names of PoastProtected (registered trademark), Provisia (registered trademark) and the like.
• examples of the plants to which tolerance is imparted by a traditional breeding method include Triazine Tolerant rapeseed having tolerance to a PSII inhibitor.
• examples of the plants to which tolerance is imparted by a genetic engineering technique include soybeans, corn, cotton, and rapeseed having tolerance to glyphosate, and these are already commercially available under the product names of RoundupReady (registered trademark) and Gly-Tol (registered trademark).
• soybeans having tolerance to glufosinate by genetic engineering technique and these are already commercially available under the product name of LibertyLink (registered trademark), etc.
• varieties of soybeans and corn which have tolerance to both of glyphosate and an ALS inhibitor and these have the product names of Optimum GAT (registered trademark).
• Optimum GAT registered trademark
• soybeans having tolerance to an imidazolinone ALS inhibitor by genetic engineering technique and these soybeans have been developed under the product name of Cultivance.
• Crops having tolerance to an aryloxyphenoxy herbicide such as quizalofop, haloxyfop, fluazifop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, metamifop, cyhalofop, or clodinafop can be produced by tansforming a gene encoding aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase, and there are varieties of soybeans having the product name of Enlist (registered trademark).
• plants which are capable of synthesizing, for example, selective toxins that are known as genus bacillus using a genetic engineering technique.
• toxins expressed by such genetically modified plants include insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae ; ⁇ -endotoxin such as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, and Cry9C derived from Bacillus thuringiensis ; insecticidal proteins such as VIP1, VIP2, VIP3, and VIP3A; insecticidal proteins derived from nematodes; toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, spider toxins, bee toxins, and insect-specific neurotoxins; filamentous fungi toxins; plant lectin; agglutinin; a protease inhibitor such as a trypsin inhibitor, a serine protease inhibitor, patatin, cystatin, or a papain inhibitor; ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) such as ricin, corn-RIP, abrin, luffin, sap
• examples of toxins expressed by such genetically modified crops also include ⁇ -endotoxin proteins such as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, Cry9C, Cry34Ab, and Cry35Ab; hybrid toxins of insecticidal proteins such as VIP1, VIP2, VIP3, and VIP3A; partially defected toxins; and modified toxins.
• Hybrid toxins are produced by a new combination of different domains of these proteins using a recombination technology.
• Cry1Ab in which a part of the amino acid sequence is deleted is known.
• One or a plurality of amino acids of naturally occurring toxins are substituted in the modified toxins.
• these toxins and the recombinant plants which are capable of synthesizing these toxins are described in EP-A-0374753, WO93/07278, WO95/34656, EP-A-0427529, EP-A-451878, WO03/052073, and the like.
• the toxins contained in these recombinant plants impart, to the plants, resistance to Coleopteran pests, Diptera pests, and Lepidoptera insect pests.
• recombinant plants which contain one or a plurality of insecticidal genes having resistance to insect pests and express one or a plurality of toxins have already been known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of these recombinant plants include Intacta (registered trademark). Examples of plants used in the present invention also include plants imparted with resistance to aphids such as Rag1 (Resistance Aphid Gene 1) gene-transformed soybeans.
• Rag1 Resistance Aphid Gene 1
• examples of the plants used in the present invention include plants to which resistance to nematodes is imparted using a traditional breeding method or a genetic engineering technique.
• RNAi is exemplified as the genetic engineering technique used for imparting resistance to nematodes.
• Examples of the above-described plants include plants to which ability for producing anti-pathogenic substances having a selective action is imparted using a genetic engineering technique.
• anti-pathogenic substances PR proteins and the like have been known (PRPs, EP-A-0392225).
• PRPs PR proteins and the like have been known (PRPs, EP-A-0392225).
• the anti-pathogenic substances and the recombinant plants producing the anti-pathogenic substances are described in EP-A-0392225, WO95/33818, and EP-A-0353191.
• anti-pathogenic substances expressed in such recombinant plants include ion channel inhibitors such as a sodium channel inhibitor and a calcium channel inhibitor (toxins such as KP1, KP4, and KP6 produced by viruses are known); stilbene synthase; bibenzyl synthase; chitinase; glucanase; PR proteins; and anti-pathogenic substances produced by microorganisms such as peptide antibiotics, antibiotics having heterocycles, protein factors associated with plant disease resistance (referred to as plant disease resistance genes and described in WO03/000906).
• ion channel inhibitors such as a sodium channel inhibitor and a calcium channel inhibitor
• stilbene synthase such as KP1, KP4, and KP6 produced by viruses are known
• stilbene synthase bibenzyl synthase
• chitinase glucanase
• PR proteins and anti-pathogenic substances produced by microorganisms
• anti-pathogenic substances produced by microorganisms such as peptid
• Examples of the above-described plants include plants to which useful traits such as trait improving oil component or trait increasing content of amino acid are imparted using a genetic engineering technique. Examples thereof include VISTIVE (registered trademark), which is low linolenic soybeans obtained by reducing the linolen content. In addition, other examples thereof include plants to which tolerance to environmental stress is imparted using a genetic engineering technique. Examples of the crops include DroughtGard (registered trademark).
• stack varieties obtained by combining a plurality of useful traits such as the above-described conventional herbicidal trait or herbicide tolerant genes, insecticidal pest resistant gene, anti-pathogenic substance producing genes, trait improving oil component and trait increasing content of amino acid.
• useful traits such as the above-described conventional herbicidal trait or herbicide tolerant genes, insecticidal pest resistant gene, anti-pathogenic substance producing genes, trait improving oil component and trait increasing content of amino acid.
• Other examples thereof include plants generated using a genome editing technology in place of a genetic engineering technique.
• the compound group A is the group consisting of a neonicotinoid compound, a diamide compound, a carbamate compound, an organic phosphorus compound, a biological nematicidal compound, other insecticidal compounds and nematicidal compounds, an azole compound, a strobilurin compound, a metalaxyl compound, an SDHI compound, and other fungicidal compounds and plant growth regulators.
• examples of the neonicotinoid compounds used to treat crop seeds include clothianidin, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, flupyradifurone, sulfoxaflor, triflumezopyrim, dicloromezotiaz, thiacloprid, and dinotefuran.
• examples of the diamide compounds used to treat crop seeds include flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and cyhalodiamide.
• examples of the carbamate compounds include aldicarb, oxamyl, thiodicarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, and dimethoate.
• examples of the organic phosphorus compounds used to treat crop seeds include fenamiphos, imicyafos, fensulfothion, terbufos, fosthiazate, phosphocarb, dichlofenthion, isamidofos, isazophos, ethoprophos, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, heterofos, mecarphon, phorate, thionazin, triazophos, diamidafos, fosthietan, and phosphamidon.
• examples of the biological nematicidal compounds used to treat crop seeds include Harpin Protein, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria usage, Myrothecium verrucaria, Burholderia cepacia, Bacillus chitonosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumulus, Trichoderma harzianum, Hirsutella rhossiliensis, Hirsutella minnesotensis, Verticillium chlamydosporum , and Arthrobotrys dactyloides.
• examples of other insecticidal compounds and nematicidal compounds used to treat crop seeds include fipronil, ethiprole, beta-cyfluthrin, tefluthrin, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, spirotetramat, tioxazafen, fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, and fluxametamide.
• examples of the azole compounds used to treat crop seeds include azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxyconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol, triticonazole, fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, imazalil, oxpoconazole fumarate, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, ipfentrifluconazole, and mefentrifluconazole.
• examples of the strobilurin compound used to treat crop seeds include kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, dimoxystrobin, pyribencarb, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, and mandestrobin.
• examples of the metalaxyl compound used to treat crop seeds include metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
• examples of the SDHI compound used to treat crop seeds include sedaxane, penflufen, carboxin, boscalid, furametpyr, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, fluopyram, isofetamid, pyraziflumid, pydiflumetofen, N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide (including a racemate or an enantiomer and a mixture of an R enantiomer and an S enantiomer at any mixing ratio, and a compound, rich in R enantiomer, in which the ratio of the R enantiomer to the S enantiomer is 80:20 or greater is also referred to as F9990 below), N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethylpyrazole-4
• examples of the plant growth regulators used to treat crop seeds include ethephon, chlormequat-chloride, mepiquat-chloride, and 4-oxo-4-(2-phenylethyl)aminobutyric acid (hereinafter, also referred to as a compound 2).
• examples of other fungicidal compounds used to treat crop seeds include tolclofos-methyl, thiram, captan, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, thiabendazole, isotianil, triazoxide, picarbutrazox, and oxathiapiprolin.
• the compounds constituting the above-described compound group A are all known compounds and can be synthesized based on known technical literatures. Further, commercially available formulations or standard products can be purchased and then used.
• the compound group B is the group consisting of a strobilurin compound, an azole compound, an SDHI compound, other fungicidal compounds, a pyrethroid compound, a benzoylphenylurea compound, an organic phosphorus insecticide compound, a neonicotinoid compound, and a diamide compound.
• examples of the strobilurin compound used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, mandestrobin, trifloxystrobin, and picoxystrobin.
• examples of the azole compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include prothioconazole, epoxyconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, propiconazole, metconazole, bromuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, ipfentrifluconazole, and mefentrifluconazole.
• examples of the SDHI compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include benzobindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, F9990, and the compound 1.
• examples of other fungicidal compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include tolclofos-methyl and ethaboxam.
• examples of the pyrethroid compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, etofenprox, silafluofen, and esfenvalerate.
• examples of the benzoylphenylurea compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
• examples of the organic phosphorus insecticidal compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include acephate and methomyl.
• examples of the neonicotinoid compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, and dicloromezotiaz.
• examples of the diamide compounds used to perform a foliage treatment on crops include flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, broflanilide, tetraniliprole, and cyhalodiamide.
• the compounds constituting the above-described compound group B are all known compounds and can be synthesized based on known technical literatures. Further, commercially available formulations or standard products can be purchased and then used.
• the compounds A are usually mixed with carriers such as solid carriers or liquid carriers, an auxiliary agents for formulation such as a surfactant is added thereto as necessary, and the mixture is formulated and then used.
• carriers such as solid carriers or liquid carriers
• an auxiliary agents for formulation such as a surfactant is added thereto as necessary, and the mixture is formulated and then used.
• a preferable formulation type is an aqueous liquid suspension formulation.
• a formulation consisting of single ingredient may be used solely, two or more formulations consisting of single ingredient may be used in combination, or a formulation consisting of two or more ingredients may be used.
• the application rate of the compounds A is usually in a range of 0.2 to 5,000 g and preferably in a range of 0.5 to 1,000 g per 100 kg of crop seeds.
• Examples of the method for treating the crop seeds with the compounds A include a method for powder-coating crop seeds with a formulation that contains the compounds A, a method for immersing crop seeds in a formulation that contains the compounds A, a method for spraying a formulation that contains the compounds A to crop seeds, and a method for coating crop seeds with a mixture of the compounds A and carriers.
• a cultivation area of crop seeds is treated with a compound X before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing the crop seeds.
• the cultivation area of crops in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the cultivation area is a place where crops are cultivated, and examples thereof include a farmland, a field, a non-agricultural area, a park, a bank, a seedling tray, a seedling box, and a nursery field.
• the compound X is usually mixed with carriers such as solid carriers or liquid carriers, an auxiliary agents for formulation such as a surfactant is added thereto as necessary, and the mixture is formulated and then used.
• carriers such as solid carriers or liquid carriers
• an auxiliary agents for formulation such as a surfactant is added thereto as necessary, and the mixture is formulated and then used.
• Preferable formulation types are an aqueous liquid suspension formulation, a wettable powder, a water dispersible granule, a granular formulation, and an emulsifiable concentrate, and a more preferable formulation type is an emulsifiable concentrate.
• a formulation containing the compound X as a single ingredient may be used alone or may be used mixing with formulations containing other herbicides as active ingredients.
• a formulation containing the compound X and other herbicides as active ingredients may be used by itself, or may be used mixing with formulations containing yet another herbicides as active ingredients.
• Examples of the method for treating a cultivation area of crops with the compound X include a method for spraying the compound X to the soil of the cultivation area of crops and a method for spraying the compound X to weeds after the weeds are emerged.
• the application rate of the compound X is usually in a range of 1 to 1,000 g, preferably in a range of 2 to 500 g, more preferably in a range of 5 to 200 g, and still more preferably in a range of 10 to 100 g per 10,000 m 2 of a cultivation area of crops. Further, in the step of treating the cultivation area of crops with the compound X, the cultivation area may be treated with the compound X mixing an adjuvant.
• the type of adjuvant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oils such as Agri-Dex and MSO; nonions (ester or ether of polyoxyethylene) such as Induce; anions (substituted sulfonate) such as Gramin S, cations (polyoxyethylene amine) such as Genamin T 200 BM; and organic silicon-based adjuvants such as Silwett L77.
• the pH or the hardness of the spray liquid at the time of treating the cultivation area of crops with the compound X is not particularly limited, but the pH thereof is usually in a range of 5 to 9 and the hardness thereof is usually in a range of 0 to 500.
• the period of time for treating the cultivation area of crops with the compound X is not particularly limited, but is usually between 5 am and 9 pm and the photon flux density is usually in a range of 10 to 2,500 ⁇ mol/m 2 /sec.
• crop seeds are sowed in a cultivation area using a typical method.
• the cultivation area of crops may be treated with the compound X before, simultaneously with, and/or after sowing the crop seeds.
• the compound X is applied once before, simultaneously with, or after sowing the crop seeds; twice except before the sowing, twice except simultaneously with the sowing, or twice except after the sowing; or three times before, simultaneously with, and after the sowing.
• the cultivation area is treated with the compound X before sowing the crop seeds
• the cultivation area is treated with the compound X usually during a period of 50 days before the sowing to immediately before the sowing, preferably during a period of 30 days before the sowing to immediately before the sowing, more preferably during a period of 20 days before the sowing to immediately before the sowing, and still more preferably during a period of 10 days before the sowing to immediately before the sowing.
• the cultivation area is treated with the compound X after sowing crop seeds
• the cultivation area is treated with the compound X usually during a period of immediately after the sowing to before blooming and more preferably during a period of immediately after the sowing to before sprouting and a period of the 1 to 6 leaf stage of crops.
• the step (3) may be performed concurrently by mixing the compound X with one or more compounds (hereinafter, referred to as compounds B) selected from the above-described compound group B or may be performed sequentially. In a case where the steps are performed sequentially, the order thereof is not particularly limited.
• the case where the cultivation area is treated with the compound X simultaneously with sowing the crop seeds is a case where a sowing machine and a spraying machine are integrated with each other.
• the compounds B are usually mixed with carriers such as solid carriers or liquid carriers, an auxiliary agents for formulation such as a surfactant is added thereto as necessary, and the mixture is formulated and then used.
• carriers such as solid carriers or liquid carriers
• an auxiliary agents for formulation such as a surfactant is added thereto as necessary, and the mixture is formulated and then used.
• the formulation types include an emulsifiable concentrate, an aqueous suspension, and a soluble liquid.
• the period of when the step (3) is performed is preferably a period of 10 days to 120 days after the sowing and more preferably a period of 21 days to 90 days after the sowing.
• a plurality of formulations containing each of compounds B as an active ingredient may be used. During this time, the formulations may be treated mixing with each other or may be sequentially treated. Further, a mixed formulation containing a plurality of compounds as active ingredients may be used.
• the application rate of the compounds B is usually in a range of 5 to 5,000 g, preferably in a range of 20 to 2,000 g, and more preferably in a range of 50 to 1,500 g per 10,000 m 2 of the cultivation area of crop seeds. Further, during the step (3), the compounds B are mixed with an adjuvant and then used for the treatment.
• weeds can be controlled.
• harmful organisms such as harmful arthropods, harmful nematodes, and/or plant pathogens, and weeds can be controlled.
• Examples of the harmful arthropods include the followings:
• Delphacidae Planthoppers
• Deltocephalidae Leafhoppers
• Aphididae Aphids
• Aphids such as Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aulacorthum solani, Rhopalosiphum padi , and Toxoptera citricidus
• Pentatomidae Stink bugs
• Nezara antennata Riptortus clavetus
• Leptocorisa chinensis Leptocorisa chinensis
• Eysarcoris parvus Halyomorpha mista
• Lygus lineolaris Aleyrodidae (Whiteflies)
• Lepidoptera insect pests for example,
• Pyralidae such as Chilo suppressalis, Tryporyza incertulas, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Notarcha derogata, Plodia interpunctella, Ostrinia furnacalis, Ostrinia nubilaris, Hellula undalis , and Pediasia teterrellus; Noctuidae such as Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Pseudaletia separata, Mamestra brassicae, Agrotis ipsilon, Plusia nigrisigna, Trichoplusia spp., Heliothis spp., and Helicoverpa spp.; and Pieridae such as Pieris rapae; Tortricidae (Budworms) such as Grapholita molesta, Leguminivora glycinivorella, Matsumuraeses azukivora, Adoxophyes orana fasciata,
• Thysanoptera pests for example,
• Thysanoptera such as Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips peri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella intonsa , and Frankliniella fusca;
• Diptera pests for example,
• Agromyzidae such as Musca domestica, Culex pipiens pallens, Tabanus trigonus, Hylemya antiqua, Hylemya platura, Anopheles sinensis, Agromyza oryzae, Hydrellia griseola, Chlorops oryzae , and Liriomyza trifolii; Dacus cucurbitae; Ceratitis capitata;
• Coleopteran pests for example,
• Orthoptera pests for example,
• Hymenoptera pests for example, Athalia rosae, Acromyrmex spp., and Solenopsis spp.;
• Blattaria pests for example, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea , and Blatta orientalis;
• Acarina pests for example,
• Tetranychidae such as Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri, Oligonychus spp.; Eriophyidae (Gall mites) such as Aculops pelekassi; Tarsonemidae (White mites) such as Polyphagotarsonemus latus;
• Acaridae such as Tyrophagus putrescentiae
• Pyroglyphidae such as Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides ptrenyssnus
• Cheyletidae such as Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus malaccensis , and Cheyletus moorei.
• plant pathogens examples include the followings:
• weeds examples include the followings.
• Urticaceae weeds himeirakusa (small nettle; Urtica urens )
• Polygonaceae weeds sobakazura (black bindweed; Polygonum convolvulus ), sanaetade (pale persicaria; Polygonum lapathifolium ), percussionsanaetade (Pennsylvania smartweed; Polygonum pensylvanicum ), harutade (redshank; Polygonum persicaria ), inutade (bristly lady's-thumb; Polygonum longisetum ), michiyanagi (knotgrass; Polygonum aviculare ), haimichiyanagi (equal-leaved knotgrass; Polygonum arenastrum ), itadori (Japanese knotweed; Polygonum cuspidatum ), gishigishi (Japanese dock; Rumex japonicus ), nagabagishigishi (curly dock; Rumex crispus ), ezonogishigishi (blunt-leaved dock; Rum
• Portulacaceae weeds suberihiyu (common purslane; Portulaca oleracea )
• Caryophyllaceae weeds hakobe (common chickweed; Stellaria media ), miminagusa (common mouse-ear; Cerastium holosteoides ), orandamiminagusa (sticky mouse-ear; Cerastium glomeratum ), otsumekusa (corn spurrey; Spergula arvensis ), mantema (five-wound catchfly; Silene gallica )
• Molluginaceae weeds kurumabazakuroso (carpetweed; Mollugo verticillata )
• Chenopodiaceae weeds shiroza (common lambsquarters; Chenopodium album ), kearitaso (Indian goosefoot; Chenopodium ambrosioides ), hokigi (kochia; Kochia scoparia ), noharahijiki (spiny saltwort; Salsola kali ), Orach ( Atriplex spp.)
• Amaranthaceae weeds aogeito (redroot pigweed; Amaranthus retroflexus ), aobiyu (slender amaranth; Amaranthus viridis ), inubiyu (livid amaranth; Amaranthus lividus ), haribiyu (spiny amaranth; Amaranthus spinosus ), honagaaogeito (smooth pigweed; Amaranthus hybridus ), ohonagaaogeito (Palmer amaranth; Amaranthus palmeri ), hosobainubiyu (common waterhemp; Amaranthus rudis ), hosoaogeito (green pigweed; Amaranthus patulus), hiyumodoki (tall waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatus ), stairbiyu (prostrate pigweed; Amaranthus blitoides ), haibiyu (large
• Papaveraceae weeds hinageshi (common poppy; Papaver rhoeas ), azamigeshi (Mexican prickle poppy; Argemone mexicana )
• Brassicaceae weeds seiyonodaikon (wild radish; Raphanus raphanistrum ), Radish ( Raphanus sativus ), noharagarashi (wild mustard; Sinapis arvensis ), convouna (shepherd's purse; Capsella bursa - pastoris ), seiyokarashina (white mustard; Brassica juncea ), seiyoaburana (field mustard, Brassica campestris ), himekujiragusa (pinnate tansy mustard; Descurainia pinnata ), sukashitagobo (marsh yellowcress; Rorippa islandica ), kirehainugarashi (yellow fieldcress; Rorippa sylvestris ), gumbainazuna (field pennycress; Thlaspi arvense ), miyagarashi (turnip weed; Myagrum rugosum ), mamegumbainazuna
• Capparaceae weeds African cabbage (Cleome affinis )
• Fabaceae weeds kusanemu (Indian joint vetch; Aeschynomene indica ), zigzag joint vetch ( Aeschynomene rudis ), 255tsunokusanemu (hemp sesbania; Sesbania exaltata ), ebisugusa (sickle pod; Cassia obtusifolia ), habuso (coffee senna; Cassia occidentalis ), juzuhagi (Florida beggar weed; Desmodium tortuosum ), noharahagi (wild groundnut; Desmodium adscendens ), shirotsumekusa (white clover; Trifolium repens ), kuzu (kudzu; Pueraria lobata ), karasunoendo (narrowleaf vetch; Vicia angustifolia ), tanukikomatsunagi (hairy indigo; Indigofera hirsuta
• Oxalidaceae katabami (creeping wood sorrel; Oxalis corniculata ), ottachikatabami (European wood sorrel; Oxalis strica ), purple shamrock ( Oxalis oxyptera )
• Geraniaceae weeds chloro (Carolina geranium; Geranium carolinense ), orandafuro (common storksbill; Erodium cicutarium )
• Euphorbiaceae weeds todaigusa (sun spurge; Euphorbia helioscopia ), onishikiso (annual spurge; Euphorbia maculata ), konishikiso (prostrate spurge; Euphorbia humistrata ), hagikuso (Hungarian spurge; Euphorbia esula ), shojoso (wild poinsettia; Euphorbia heterophylla ), hyssop-leaf sandmat ( Euphorbia brasiliensis ), enokigusa (asian copperleaf; Acalypha australis ), tropic croton ( Croton glandulosus ), lobed croton ( Croton lobatus ), burajirukomikanso (long-stalked phyllanthus; Phyllanthus corcovadensis ), togoma (castor bean; Ricinus communis )
• Malvaceae weeds ichibi (velvetleaf; Abutilon theophrasti ), kingojika (arrow-leaf sida; Sida rhombiforia ), marubakingojika (heart-leaf sida; Sida cordifolia ), pulmonarykingojika (prickly sida ; Sida spinosa ), Sida glaziovii, Sida santaremnensis , ginsenka (bladder weed; Hibiscus trionum ), nishikiaoi (spurred anoda; Anoda cristata ), enokiaoi (spine-seeded false-mallow; Malvastrum coromandelianum )
• Sterculiaceae weeds kobambanoki (Florida waltheria; Waltheria indica )
• Violaceae weeds makibasumire (field violet; Viola arvensis ), wairudopanji (wild violet; Viola tricolor )
• Cucurbitaceae weeds arechiuri (bur cucumber; Sicyos angulatus ), wild cucumber ( Echinocystis lobata ), yaseinigauri (bitter balsam apple; Momordica charantia )
• Lythraceae weeds ezomisohagi (purple loosestrife; Lythrum salicaria )
• Apiaceae weeds chidomegusa (lawn pennywort; Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides )
• Sapindaceae weeds fusenkazura (heartseed; Cardiospermum halicacabum )
• Asclepiadaceae weeds otowata (common milkweed; Asclepias syriaca ), honeyvine milkweed ( Ampelamus albidus )
• Rubiaceae weeds catchweed bedstraw ( Galium aparine ), yaemugura ( Galium spurium var. echinospermon ), hirohafutabamugura (broadleaf buttonweed; Spermacoce latifolia ), burajiruhashikagusamodoki (Brazil calla lily; Richardia brasiliensis ), uingudofuarusubotanuido (broadleaf buttonweed; Borreria alata )
• Convolvulaceae weeds asagao (Japanese morning glory; Ipomoea nil ), stonasagao (ivy-leaf morning glory; Ipomoea hederacea ), marubaasagao (tall morning glory; Ipomoea purpurea ), maruba pasasagao (entire-leaf morning glory; Ipomoea hederacea var.
• Boraginaceae weeds wasurenagusa (field forget-me-not; Myosotis arvensis )
• Lamiaceae weeds himeodorikoso (purple deadnettle; Lamium purpureum ), hotokenoza (common henbit; Lamium amplexicaule ), tamazakimehajiki (lion's ear; Leonotis nepetaefolia ), nioinigakusa (wild spikenard; Hyptis suaveolens ), Hyptis lophanta, mehajiki (Siberian motherwort; Leonurus sibiricus ), yabuchorogi (field-nettle betony; Stachys arvensis )
• Solanaceae weeds yoshuchosenasagao (jimsonweed; Datura stramonium ), inuhozuki (black nightshade; Solanum nigrum ), teriminoinuhozuki (American black nightshade; Solanum americanum ), storyinuhozuki (eastern black nightshade; Solanum ptycanthum ), mecanicuhozuki (hairy nightshade; Solanum sarrachoides ), tomatodamashi (buffalo bur; Solanum rostratum ), kinginnasubi (soda-apple nightshade; Solanum aculeatissimum ), wairudotomato (sticky nightshade; Solanum sisymbriifolium ), warunasubi (horse nettle; Solanum carolinense ), sennarihozuki (cutleaf groundcherry; Physalis angulat
• Scrophulariaceae weeds furasabaso (ivyleaf speedwell; Veronica hederaefolia ), oinunofuguri (common speedwell; Veronica persica ), tachiinunofuguri (corn speedwell; Veronica arvensis )
• Plantaginaceae obako (Asiatic plantain; Plantago asiatica )
• Asteraceae weeds onamomi (common cocklebur; Xanthium pensylvanicum ), oonamomi (large cocklebur; Xanthium occidentale ), yaseihimawari (common sunflower; Helianthus annuus ), kamitsure (wild chamomile; Matricaria chamomilla ), inukamitsure (scentless chamomile; Matricaria perforata ), corn marigold ( Chrysanthemum segetum ), oroshagiku (rayless mayweed; Matricaria matricarioides ), yomogi (Japanese mugwort; Artemisia princeps ), oshuyomogi (common mugwort; Artemisia vulgaris ), Chinese mugwort ( Artemisia verlotorum ), instantakaawadachiso (tall goldenrod; Solidago altissima ), seiyotampopo (common d
• tsuyukusa common dayflower; Commelina communis
• marubatsuyukusa tropical spiderwort; Commelina bengharensis
• erect dayflower Commelina erecta
• Poaceae weeds inubie (common barnyardgrass; Echinochloa crus - galli ), enokorogusa (green foxtail; Setaria viridis ), akinoenokorogusa (giant foxtail; Setaria faberi ), kinenokoro (yellow foxtail; Setaria glauca ), stairenokorogusa (knotroot foxtail; Setaria geniculata ), mehishiba (southern crabgrass; Digitaria ciliaris ), large crabgrass ( Digitaria sanguinalis ), Jamaican crabgrass ( Digitaria horizontalis ), susukimehishiba (sourgrass; Digitaria insularis ), ohishiba (goosegrass; Eleusine indica ), suzumenokatabira (annual bluegrass; Poa annua ), suzumenoteppo (short-awn foxtail; Alospecurus ae
• Cyperaceae weeds kayatsurigusa (Asian flatsedge; Cyperus microiria ), kogomegayatsuri (rice flatsedge; Cyperus iria ), kingayatsuri (fragrant flatsedge; Cyperus odoratus ), hamasuge (purple nutsedge; Cyperus rotundas ), kihamasuge (yellow nutsedge; Cyperus esculentus ), himekugu (pasture spike sedge; Kyllinga gracillima )
• Equisetaceae weeds sugina (field horsetail; Equisetum arvense ), inusugina (marsh horsetail; Equisetum palustre ), etc.
• Examples of the harmful nematodes include Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne arenari, Meloidogyne acronea, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus cffeae, Pratylenchus loosi, Pratylenchus vulnus, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera shachtoii, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, Aphelenchoides fragarieae, Aphelenchus avenae, Radopholus similis, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Bursaphele
• the weeds also include any of weeds that have a reduced sensitivity to a specific insecticide, fungicide or herbicide.
• the reduced sensitivity may be attributed to a mutation at a target site (target site mutations), or may be attributed to any factors other than target site mutation (non-target site mutations).
• the factors reducing sensitivity by non-target site mutations include metabolic enhancement, defective absorption, defective transition, and efflux out of the system, etc.
• a cause of the metabolic enhancement includes an enhanced activity of metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, aryl acylamidases, esterases and glutathione S-transferase.
• the efflux out of the system includes the transfer to a vacuole by an ABC transporter.
• Examples of the reduced sensitivity in weeds caused by the target site mutations include, for example, weeds having one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in ALS gene.
• examples of the reduced sensitivity in weeds caused by the target site mutations include one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in ACCase gene.
• examples of the reduced sensitivity in weeds caused by the target site mutations include ⁇ Gly210 in PPX2L gene and Arg98Leu mutation in PPX1 gene.
• the present invention can efficiently control hiyumodoki (tall waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatos ) and ohonagaaogeito (Palmer amaranth; Amaranthus palmeri ) which have ⁇ Gly210 mutation in PPX2L gene and butakusa (common ragweed; Ambrosia artemisiaefolia ) which has Arg98Leu in PPX1.
• examples of the reduced sensitivity in weeds caused by the target site mutations include amino acid substitutions such as Thr102Ile, Pro106Ser, Pro106Ala and Pro106Leu in EPSP gene.
• the present invention can efficiently control glyphosate-resistant ohishiba (goosegrass; Eleusine indica ), glyphosate-resistant nezumimugi (Italian ryegrass; Lolium multiflorum ), glyphosate-resistant bomugi (rigid ryegrass; Lolium rigidum ), glyphosate-resistant susukimehishiba (sourgrass; Digitaria insularis ), glyphosate-resistant hiyumodoki (tall waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatos ), and glyphosate-resistant kohimebie (jungle rice; Echinochloa colonum ) which have one or both of the amino acid substitutions.
• examples of the reduced sensitivity in weeds caused by the target site include weeds having the increased copy numbers of EPSP gene, and in particular, the present invention can efficiently control glyphosate-resistant ohonagaaogeito (Palmer amaranth; Amaranthus palmeri ), glyphosate-resistant hiyumodoki (tall waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatos ) and glyphosate-resistant hokigi (kochia; Kochia scoparia ) which have the mutation.
• the present invention can also efficiently control himemukashiyomogi (marestail; Conyza canadensis ), mecanichinogiku (Guernsey fleabane; Conyza sumatrensis ) and arechinogiku (fleabane; Conyza bonariensis ) having the resistance to glyphosate related to ABC transporters.
• one or more other herbicides, plant growth regulators, and safeners can be used in combination for the treatment with the compound X.
• the combination here may be blending, mixing, or performing sequential treatments. In a case of the sequential treatments, the order thereof is not particularly limited.
• herbicides examples include the followings:
• Herbicides such as glyphosate and a salt thereof (isopropylammonium salt, ammonium salt, potassium salt, guanidine salt, dimethylamine salt, or monoethanolamine salt), MCPA and a salt or an ester thereof (dimethylammonium salt, 2-ethylhexyl ester, isoctyl ester (i.e., isooctyl ester), or sodium salt), MCPB, mecoprop and a salt or an ester thereof (dimethylammonium salt, diolamine salt, ethadyl ester (i.e., 1,2-ethanediyl ester), 2-ethylhexyl ester, isoctyl ester (i.e., isooctyl ester), methyl ester, potassium salt, sodium salt, or trolamine salt), mecoprop-P and a salt or an ester thereof (dimethylammonium salt, 2-ethylhex
• Plant growth regulators such as hymexazol, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, inabenfide, prohexadione-calcium, 1-methylcyclopropene, and trinexapac; and
• Safeners such as benoxacor, cloquintocet, cloquintocet-mexyl, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, and oxabetrinil.
• herbicides which can be used simultaneously in combination with the compound X include glyphosate potassium salt, glyphosate guanidine salt, glyphosate dimethylamine salt, glyphosate monoethanolamine salt, glyphosinate ammonium salt, glyphosate isopropylammonium salt, flumioxazin, flumiclorac-pentyl, clethodim, lactofen, S-metolachlor, metribuzin, fulfenacet, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, acetochlor, mesotrione, isoxaflutole, chlorimuron-ethyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr ammonium salt, and metribuzin.
• preferred examples of the safeners which can be used simultaneously in combination with the compound X include cyprosulfamide, benoxacor, dichlormid, and furilazole.
• the ratio of the compound to be combined with the compound X is usually in a range of 0.01 to 1,000 times, preferably in a range of 0.1 to 100 times, and more preferably in a range of 1 to times on a part by weight basis, as opposed to the amount of the compound X.
• examples of the compound B used to perform a foliage treatment on crops are described below, but the examples are not limited thereto.
• the fertilization system may be a system based on Precision Agriculture or a uniform system which has been practically used. Further, nitrogen-fixing bacteria or mycorrhizal fungi may be inoculated to crops together with the seed treatment applied to the crops with the compound group A.
• Controlling rate (%) 100 ⁇ (1 ⁇ T/C )
• T number of insects in a treated area at the time of observation
• phytotoxicity on crops a case where phytotoxicity is not confirmed is evaluated as “harmless”, a case where mild phytotoxicity is confirmed is evaluated as “small”, a case where moderate phytotoxicity is confirmed is evaluated as “medium”, and a case where strong phytotoxicity is confirmed is evaluated as “large”.
• Soybean seeds (product, Genuity RoundupReady2Yield soybeans) are treated with Nipslt (600 g/L of clothianidin, manufactured by Valent) such that the application rate of NipSIt is set to 206 mL/kg seeds (1.28 fluidounce/100 poundseeds).
• a formulation containing the compound X (an emulsion (hereinafter, referred to as a formulation X) obtained by sufficiently mixing 5 parts by weight of the compound X, 2 parts by weight of Geronol FF/4-E (manufactured by Rhodia Inc.), 8 parts by weight of Geronol FF/6-E (manufactured by Rhodia Inc.), and 85 parts by weight of Solvesso 200 (manufactured by Exxon Mobile Corporation)) is diluted with water and a field before sowing the soybeans is treated such that the application rate of the compound X is set to 5, 20, or 80 g/ha.
• a formulation X an emulsion obtained by sufficiently mixing 5 parts by weight of the compound X, 2 parts by weight of Geronol FF/4-E (manufactured by Rhodia Inc.), 8 parts by weight of Geronol FF/6-E (manufactured by Rhodia Inc.), and 85 parts by weight of Solvesso 200 (manufactured
• the soybeans are sowed in the field after 7 days from the treatment with the compound X and then the fields are treated such that the application rate of RoundupWeatherMax (660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company) is set to 2.338 L/ha (32 fluidounce/acre) at the 3-leaf stage of soybean leaves.
• RoundupWeatherMax 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company
• Soybean seeds are treated with Nipslt in the same manner as in Example 1.
• a field before sowing the soybeans is treated with the formulation X and RoundupWeatherMax (660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company) such that the application rate of the compound X is set to 5, 20, or 80 g/ha and the application rate of RoundupWeatherMax is set to 2.338 L/ha (32 fluidounce/acre), and the soybeans are sowed in the field after 7 days from the treatment.
• RoundupWeatherMax 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company
• the fields are treated such that the application rate of RoundupWeatherMax (660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company) is set to 2.338 L/ha (32 fluidounce/acre) at the 3-leaf stage of soybean leaves.
• RoundupWeatherMax 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company
• Soybean seeds are treated with Nipslt in the same manner as in Example 1 and then sowed in a field.
• the field is treated with the formulation X such that the application rate of the compound X is set to 5, 20, or 80 g/ha.
• the fields are treated such that the application rate of RoundupWeatherMax (660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company) is set to 2.338 L/ha (32 fluidounce/acre) at the 3-leaf stage of soybean leaves.
• RoundupWeatherMax 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company
• Soybean seeds are treated with Nipslt in the same manner as in Example 1 and then sowed in a field.
• the field is treated with the formulation X and RoundupWeatherMax (660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company) such that the application rate of the compound X is set to 5, 20, or 80 g/ha and the application rate of RoundupWeatherMax is set to 2.338 L/ha (32 fluidounce/acre).
• RoundupWeatherMax 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company
• the fields are treated such that the application rate of RoundupWeatherMax (660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company) is set to 2.338 L/ha (32 fluidounce/acre) at the 3-leaf stage of soybean leaves.
• RoundupWeatherMax 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company
• the fields are treated with the formulation X and ValorSX, instead of treating the fields with the formuation X in each of Examples 1 to 4, such that the application rate of the compound X is set to 5, 20, or 80 g/ha and the application rate of ValorSX (51% of flumioxazin, manufactured by Valent) is set to 210 g/ha.
• ValorXLT (30% of flumioxazin+10.3% of chlorimuron-ethyl, manufactured by Valent), instead of ValorSX, in each of Examples 5 to 8, such that the application rate of ValorXLT is set to 315 g/ha.
• the seeds are treated with INOVATE (160 g/L of clothianidin+13 g/L of metalaxyl+8 g/L of ipconazole, manufactured by Valent), instead of NipsIt in each of Examples 1 to 12, such that the application rate of INOVATE is set to 309 mL/100 kg seeds (4.74 fluid ounce/100 pound seeds).
• INOVATE 160 g/L of clothianidin+13 g/L of metalaxyl+8 g/L of ipconazole, manufactured by Valent
• the seeds are treated with CruiserMAXX Vibrance (240 g/L of thiamethoxam+36 g/L of metalaxyl M+12 g/L of fludioxonil+12 g/L of sedaxane, manufactured by Syngenta Corporation), instead of NipsIt in each of Examples 1 to 12, such that the application rate of CruiserMAXX Vibrance is set to 235 mL/100 kg seeds (3.22 fluid ounce/100 pound seeds).
• CruiserMAXX Vibrance 240 g/L of thiamethoxam+36 g/L of metalaxyl M+12 g/L of fludioxonil+12 g/L of sedaxane, manufactured by Syngenta Corporation
• the seeds are treated with Acceleron system (31 mL/100 kg seeds of DX-612 (326 g/L of fluxapyroxad, manufactured by Monsanto Company), 242 mL/100 kg seeds (1.5 fluid ounce/100 pound seeds) of DX-309 (313 g/L of metalaxyl, manufactured by Monsanto Company), 242 mL/100 kg seeds (1.5 fluid ounce/100 pound seeds) of DX-109 (200 g/L of pyraclostrobin, manufactured by Monsanto Company), and 515 mL/100 kg seeds (3.2 fluid ounce/100 pound seeds) of IX-104 (600 g/L of imidacloprid, manufactured by Monsanto Company)) instead of treating the soybean seeds with Nipslt in each of Examples 1 to 12.
• Acceleron system 31 mL/100 kg seeds of DX-612 (326 g/L of fluxapyroxad, manufactured by Monsanto Company)
• DX-309
• the seeds are subjected to a foliage treatment with the compound 1 in a blooming period of soybeans such that the application rate of the compound 1 is set to 30 g/ha in each of Examples 1 to 48.
• the seeds are subjected to a foliage treatment with the compound 1 and tebuconazole in a blooming period of soybeans such that the application rate of the compound 1 is set to 30 g/ha and the application rate of tebuconazole is set to 150/ha in each of Examples 1 to 48.
• the fields are treated with the formulation X and RoundupWeatherMax (660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company), instead of treating the fields with RoundupWeatherMax at the 3-leaf stage of soybean leaves in each of Examples 1 to 144, such that the application rate of the compound X is set to 5, 20, or 80 g/ha and the application rate of RoundupWeatherMax is set to 2.338 L/ha (32 fluid ounce/acre).
• RoundupWeatherMax 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt, manufactured by Monsanto Company
• the fields are treated at the 6-leaf stage of soybean leaves instead of the 3-leaf stage of soybean leaves in each of Examples 1 to 288.

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