US20190120530A1 - Transport refrigeration unit with battery boost - Google Patents

Transport refrigeration unit with battery boost Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190120530A1
US20190120530A1 US16/091,812 US201716091812A US2019120530A1 US 20190120530 A1 US20190120530 A1 US 20190120530A1 US 201716091812 A US201716091812 A US 201716091812A US 2019120530 A1 US2019120530 A1 US 2019120530A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
compressor
refrigeration unit
set forth
transport refrigeration
electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/091,812
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert A. Chopko
Yu H. Chen
Greg Deldicque
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Priority to US16/091,812 priority Critical patent/US20190120530A1/en
Assigned to CARRIER CORPORATION reassignment CARRIER CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DELDICQUE, GREG, CHEN, YU H., CHOPKO, ROBERT A.
Publication of US20190120530A1 publication Critical patent/US20190120530A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to transport refrigeration units and, more particularly, to all-electric transport refrigeration units.
  • a transport refrigeration unit includes a compressor constructed and arranged to compress a refrigerant; an electric compressor motor configured to drive the compressor; a generator configured to provide electric power to the compressor motor during standard set point conditions; and an energy storage device configured to supplement the electric power to the compressor motor during temperature pulldown conditions.
  • the transport refrigeration unit includes at least one heat exchanger operatively coupled to the compressor; at least one fan configured to provide air flow over the at least one heat exchanger; and at least one electric fan motor configured to drive the at least one fan, and wherein the generator is configured to provide electric power to the at least one fan motor during standard set point conditions.
  • the transport refrigeration unit includes at least one heat exchanger operatively coupled to the compressor; at least one fan configured to provide air flow over the at least one heat exchanger; and at least one electric fan motor configured to drive the at least one fan, and wherein the energy storage device is configured to provide electric power to the at least one fan motor during standard set point conditions.
  • the energy storage device is configured to supplement the electric power to the at least one fan motor during temperature pulldown conditions.
  • the at least one heat exchanger includes an evaporator heat exchanger
  • the at least one fan includes an evaporator fan
  • the at least one electric fan motor includes an evaporator fan motor
  • the at least one heat exchanger includes a condenser heat exchanger
  • the at least one fan includes a condenser fan
  • the at least one electric fan motor includes a condenser fan motor
  • the refrigerant is a natural refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is a natural refrigerant.
  • the energy storage device is a battery.
  • the battery has a voltage potential with a range of about 48V to 250V.
  • a method of operating a transport refrigeration unit includes utilizing one of an electric generator and an energy storage device to provide electric power generally during steady state conditions; and providing supplemental power from the other of the electric generator and the energy storage device during a temperature pull down state.
  • the energy storage device is a battery.
  • the supplemental power is provided to a compressor motor.
  • the compressor motor is an alternating current motor and the supplemental power is delivered through an inverter.
  • the method includes charging the energy storage device by the electric generator during part load operating conditions.
  • the method includes driving the electric generator by a combustion engine.
  • an evaporator fan motor and a condenser fan motor of the transport refrigeration unit are direct current motors.
  • the electric generator provides the power to a compressor motor, an evaporator fan motor and a condenser fan motor during steady state conditions.
  • the energy storage device provides the power to a compressor motor, an evaporator fan motor and a condenser fan motor during steady state conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tractor trailer system having a transport refrigeration unit as one, non-limiting, embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic of the transport refrigeration unit
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic of the transport refrigeration unit illustrating power loads
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of operating the transport refrigeration unit.
  • the tractor trailer system 20 may include a tractor or truck 22 , a trailer 24 and a transport refrigeration unit 26 .
  • the tractor 22 may include an operator's compartment or cab 28 and a combustion engine 42 which is part of the powertrain or drive system of the tractor 22 .
  • the trailer 24 may be coupled to the tractor 22 and is thus pulled or propelled to desired destinations.
  • the trailer may include a top wall 30 , a bottom wall 32 opposed to and space from the top wall 30 , two side walls 34 space from and opposed to one-another, and opposing front and rear walls 36 , 38 with the front wall 36 being closest to the tractor 22 .
  • the trailer 24 may further include doors (not shown) at the rear wall 38 , or any other wall.
  • the walls 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 together define the boundaries of a cargo compartment 40 . It is contemplated and understood that the cargo compartment may also be divided into two or more smaller compartments for different temperature cargo requirements.
  • the trailer 24 is generally constructed to store a cargo (not shown) in the compartment 40 .
  • the transport refrigeration unit 26 is generally integrated into the trailer 24 and may be mounted to the front wall 36 .
  • the cargo is maintained at a desired temperature by cooling of the compartment 40 via the transport refrigeration unit 26 that circulates air into and through the cargo compartment 40 of the trailer 24 .
  • the transport refrigeration unit 26 may be applied to any transport container and not necessarily those used in tractor trailer systems.
  • the transport container may be a part of the trailer 24 and constructed to be removed from a framework and wheels (not shown) of the trailer 24 for alternative shipping means (e.g., marine, rail, flight, and others).
  • the transport refrigeration unit 26 may be an all-electric transport refrigeration unit 26 , and may include a compressor 58 , an electric compressor motor 60 , a condenser heat exchanger 64 that may be air cooled, a condenser fan assembly 66 , a receiver 68 , a filter dryer 70 , a heat exchanger 72 , a thermostatic expansion valve 74 , an evaporator heat exchanger 76 , an evaporator fan assembly 78 , a suction modulation valve 80 , and a controller 82 that may include a computer-based processor (e.g., microprocessor).
  • a computer-based processor e.g., microprocessor
  • Operation of the transport refrigeration unit 26 may best be understood by starting at the compressor 58 , where the suction gas (i.e., natural refrigerant) enters the compressor at a suction port 84 and is compressed to a higher temperature and pressure.
  • the refrigerant gas is emitted from the compressor 58 at an outlet port 85 and may then flow into tube(s) 86 of the condenser heat exchanger 64 .
  • the air flow across the condenser heat exchanger 64 may be facilitated by one or more fans 88 of the condenser fan assembly 66 .
  • the condenser fans 88 may be driven by respective condenser fan motors 90 of the fan assembly 66 that may be electric.
  • the gas within the tubes 86 condenses to a high pressure and high temperature liquid and flows to the receiver 68 that provides storage for excess liquid refrigerant during low temperature operation.
  • the liquid refrigerant may pass through a subcooler heat exchanger 92 of the condenser heat exchanger 64 , through the filter-dryer 70 that keeps the refrigerant clean and dry, then to the heat exchanger 72 that increases the refrigerant subcooling, and finally to the thermostatic expansion valve 74 .
  • the evaporator fan assembly 78 includes one or more evaporator fans 96 that may be driven by respective fan motors 98 that may be electric.
  • the air flow across the evaporator heat exchanger 76 is facilitated by the evaporator fans 96 .
  • the refrigerant, in vapor form may then flow through the suction modulation valve 80 , and back to the compressor 58 .
  • a thermostatic expansion valve bulb sensor 100 may be located proximate to an outlet of the evaporator tube 94 .
  • the bulb sensor 100 is intended to control the thermostatic expansion valve 74 , thereby controlling refrigerant superheat at an outlet of the evaporator tube 94 .
  • a bypass valve may facilitate the flash gas of the refrigerant to bypass the evaporator heat exchanger 76 . This will allow the evaporator coil to be filled with liquid and completely ‘wetted’ to improve heat transfer efficiency. With CO2 refrigerant, this bypass flash gas may be re-introduced into a mid-stage of a two-stage compressor.
  • the compressor 58 and the compressor motor 60 may be linked via an interconnecting drive shaft 102 .
  • the compressor 58 , the compressor motor 60 and the drive shaft 102 may all be sealed within a common housing 104 .
  • the compressor motor 60 may be positioned outside of the compressor housing 104 , and therefore the interconnecting drive shaft 102 may pass through a shaft seal located in the compressor housing.
  • the compressor 58 may be a single compressor.
  • the single compressor may be a two-stage compressor, a scroll-type compressor or other compressors adapted to compress natural refrigerants.
  • the natural refrigerant may be CO2, propane, ammonia, or any other natural refrigerant that may include a global-warming potential (GWP) of about one (1).
  • GWP global-warming potential
  • the transport refrigeration unit 26 further includes a multiple energy source 50 configured to selectively power the compressor motor 60 , the condenser fan motors 90 , the evaporator fan motors 98 , the controller 82 , and other components 99 (see FIG. 3 ), which may include various solenoids and/or sensors.
  • the power may be transferred over various buses and/or electrical conductors 106 .
  • the multiple energy source 50 may include an energy storage device 52 , and a generator 54 mechanically driven by a combustion engine 56 that may be part of, and dedicated to, the transport refrigeration unit 26 .
  • the energy storage device 52 may be at least one battery or battery bank. In one embodiment, the energy storage device 52 may be secured to the underside of the bottom wall 32 of the trailer 24 (see FIG. 1 ). It is further contemplated and understood that other examples of the energy storage device 52 may include fuel cells, and other devices capable of storing and outputting electric power.
  • power management relative to the multiple energy source 50 and controlled power distribution relative to the various power loads may be configured/arranged to minimize the size of the combustion engine 56 and minimize fossil fuel consumption while still providing enough electric power to meet temperature pulldown demands of the operating transport refrigeration unit 26 .
  • the controller 82 through a series of data and command signals over various pathways 110 may, for example, control the electric motors 60 , 90 , 98 as dictated by the cooling needs of the refrigeration unit 26 .
  • the controller 82 may further control the electric power output of the generator 54 and the batteries 52 in order to meet the varying load demands of transport refrigeration unit 26 .
  • the generator 54 and the battery or battery bank 52 may be electrically arranged in series.
  • the electric power may be generally distributed through the bus 106 , and may be direct current (DC).
  • a converter (not shown) may be arranged at the outlet of the generator 54 .
  • the fan motors 90 , 98 may be DC motors, and the compressor motor 60 may be an alternating current (AC) motor with an inverter (not shown) at the power input to the motor 60 .
  • the generator 54 may have a maximum power output of about 15 kW
  • the battery bank 52 may output electric power at about 10 kW
  • the steady state compressor motor 60 load may be about 10 kW
  • the evaporator fan motor 98 and condenser fan motor 90 load may be about 2 kW.
  • various power conditioning devices may be configured throughout the transport refrigeration unit 26 depending upon the current type and voltage demands of any particular component.
  • the generator 54 may be configured or downsized to provide substantially all of the electric power demands of the transport refrigeration unit 26 including the motors 60 , 90 , 98 during standard set point conditions (i.e., steady state conditions). However, when the transport refrigeration unit 26 is operating in a temperature pulldown state, the batteries 52 are available as a ‘battery boost’ to increase or supplement the DC power through the bus 106 thereby satisfying the temporary increase in power demand of, for example, the compressor motor 60 . In this embodiment, the voltage potential of the batteries 52 may be about 5 kW to 7 kW.
  • the batteries 52 may be configured to provide substantially all of the electric power demands of the transport refrigeration unit 26 including the motors 60 , 90 , 98 during standard set point conditions (i.e., steady state conditions). However, when the transport refrigeration unit 26 is operating in a temperature pulldown state, the generator 54 is available as a ‘battery boost’ to increase or supplement the DC power through the bus 106 thereby satisfying the temporary increase or surge in power demand of, for example, the compressor motor 60 . In this embodiment, the voltage potential of the batteries 52 may be about 15 kW.
  • the transport refrigeration unit 26 may further include a battery charger 108 that may be powered by the generator 54 during part-load operating conditions of the transport refrigeration unit 26 (i.e., partial compressor load conditions), and controlled by the controller 82 .
  • the battery charger 108 may be controlled by the controller 82 and is configured to charge the batteries 52 when needed and during ideal operating conditions. By charging the batteries 52 during reduced compressor load conditions, the size and weight of the generator 54 and driving engine 56 may be minimized.
  • a method of operating the transport refrigeration unit 26 may include a first block 200 of driving the electric generator 54 by the combustion engine 56 .
  • the transport refrigeration unit 26 may utilize one of the electric generator 54 and the energy storage device 52 to provide power to the compressor motor 60 , the evaporator fan motor 98 , and the condenser fan motor 90 during steady state conditions.
  • supplemental power may be provided by the other of the electric generator 54 and the energy storage device 52 during a temperature pull down state which may typically require more power than steady state conditions.
  • the energy storage device 52 may be recharged by the generator 54 during part load operating conditions of the transport refrigeration unit 26 .
  • Benefits of the present disclosure when compared to more traditional transport refrigeration units include lower fuel consumption, and a refrigeration unit that may emit less noise and may be lighter in weight. Yet further, the present disclosure includes an energy storage device that is conveniently and efficiently recharged to meet the power demands of the refrigeration unit while meeting combustion engine power and emission requirements that may be enforced by regulatory/government agencies.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
US16/091,812 2016-04-05 2017-04-04 Transport refrigeration unit with battery boost Abandoned US20190120530A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/091,812 US20190120530A1 (en) 2016-04-05 2017-04-04 Transport refrigeration unit with battery boost

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662318602P 2016-04-05 2016-04-05
PCT/US2017/025911 WO2017176729A1 (fr) 2016-04-05 2017-04-04 Unité frigorifique de transport dotée de renforcement de batterie
US16/091,812 US20190120530A1 (en) 2016-04-05 2017-04-04 Transport refrigeration unit with battery boost

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US20190120530A1 true US20190120530A1 (en) 2019-04-25

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US16/091,812 Abandoned US20190120530A1 (en) 2016-04-05 2017-04-04 Transport refrigeration unit with battery boost

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US (1) US20190120530A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3440416A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017176729A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10596878B2 (en) * 2018-03-30 2020-03-24 Thermo King Corporation Systems and methods for management of eTRU
US10723202B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2020-07-28 Thermo King Corporation Systems and methods for coordinated control of multiple transport refrigeration systems
US20230117165A1 (en) * 2017-06-06 2023-04-20 Carrier Corporation Transport refrigeration system
US20240209766A1 (en) * 2022-12-21 2024-06-27 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Waste heat recovery system

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EP3626490A1 (fr) 2018-09-19 2020-03-25 Thermo King Corporation Procédés et systèmes de gestion d'alimentation et de charge d'un système de régulation climatique dans le transport
EP3626489A1 (fr) 2018-09-19 2020-03-25 Thermo King Corporation Procédés et systèmes de gestion d'énergie d'un système de régulation climatique dans un véhicule de transport
US11034213B2 (en) 2018-09-29 2021-06-15 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for monitoring and displaying energy use and energy cost of a transport vehicle climate control system or a fleet of transport vehicle climate control systems
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US11059352B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2021-07-13 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for augmenting a vehicle powered transport climate control system
US10875497B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2020-12-29 Thermo King Corporation Drive off protection system and method for preventing drive off
US10870333B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2020-12-22 Thermo King Corporation Reconfigurable utility power input with passive voltage booster
US10926610B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2021-02-23 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for controlling a mild hybrid system that powers a transport climate control system
US11022451B2 (en) 2018-11-01 2021-06-01 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for generation and utilization of supplemental stored energy for use in transport climate control
US11554638B2 (en) 2018-12-28 2023-01-17 Thermo King Llc Methods and systems for preserving autonomous operation of a transport climate control system
EP3906173B1 (fr) 2018-12-31 2024-05-22 Thermo King LLC Methodes et systemes pour générer un retour de prédiction de consommation d' énergie pour un système de climatisation de moyen de transport
US11072321B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2021-07-27 Thermo King Corporation Systems and methods for smart load shedding of a transport vehicle while in transit
US12017505B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2024-06-25 Thermo King Llc Methods and systems for providing predictive energy consumption feedback for powering a transport climate control system using external data
WO2020142061A1 (fr) 2018-12-31 2020-07-09 Thermo King Corporation Procédés et systèmes de notification et d'atténuation d'un événement sous-optimal se produisant dans un système de commande de climat de transport
US11993131B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2024-05-28 Thermo King Llc Methods and systems for providing feedback for a transport climate control system
EP3789221B1 (fr) 2019-09-09 2024-06-26 Thermo King LLC Distribution de puissance prioritaire pour faciliter la régulation climatique de transport
US11458802B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-10-04 Thermo King Corporation Optimized power management for a transport climate control energy source
US11135894B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-10-05 Thermo King Corporation System and method for managing power and efficiently sourcing a variable voltage for a transport climate control system
CN112467720A (zh) 2019-09-09 2021-03-09 冷王公司 在一个或多个供电设备站之间对运输气候控制系统的优化配电
US10985511B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-04-20 Thermo King Corporation Optimized power cord for transferring power to a transport climate control system
US11420495B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-08-23 Thermo King Corporation Interface system for connecting a vehicle and a transport climate control system
US11203262B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-12-21 Thermo King Corporation Transport climate control system with an accessory power distribution unit for managing transport climate control loads
US11214118B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-01-04 Thermo King Corporation Demand-side power distribution management for a plurality of transport climate control systems
US11376922B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-07-05 Thermo King Corporation Transport climate control system with a self-configuring matrix power converter
US11489431B2 (en) 2019-12-30 2022-11-01 Thermo King Corporation Transport climate control system power architecture
EP4197834B1 (fr) * 2021-12-20 2024-05-08 Schmitz Cargobull AG Machine à réfrigérer de transport, coffre et procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine à réfrigérer de transport

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US10596878B2 (en) * 2018-03-30 2020-03-24 Thermo King Corporation Systems and methods for management of eTRU
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WO2017176729A1 (fr) 2017-10-12
EP3440416A1 (fr) 2019-02-13

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