US20190055473A1 - Fast pyrolysis reactor - Google Patents

Fast pyrolysis reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190055473A1
US20190055473A1 US15/753,624 US201615753624A US2019055473A1 US 20190055473 A1 US20190055473 A1 US 20190055473A1 US 201615753624 A US201615753624 A US 201615753624A US 2019055473 A1 US2019055473 A1 US 2019055473A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
housing
cylinder
reactor
axles
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US15/753,624
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English (en)
Inventor
Pavel Feliksovich DZHULAI
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International Research Center "martinex"
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International Research Center "martinex"
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Research Center "martinex" filed Critical International Research Center "martinex"
Publication of US20190055473A1 publication Critical patent/US20190055473A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B31/00—Charging devices
    • C10B31/02—Charging devices for charging vertically
    • C10B31/04—Charging devices for charging vertically coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B33/00—Discharging devices; Coke guides
    • C10B33/14—Coke guides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2200/00—Waste incineration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the claimed invention relates to a device for thermal processing of raw materials, e.g., peat, sawdust, agricultural waste, and more specifically relates to the design of a fast pyrolysis reactor for producing different kinds of end products, namely, liquid oil products, heavy and light gases, coke, activated carbon, etc.
  • An analog, SOLID FUEL GASIFIER which comprises a vertical shaft furnace, inside which there are successively downwards located drying, pyrolysis and solid fuel combustion zones.
  • a charging device and a branch pipe for feeding the gasifying agent and a device for accumulation and discharge of solid processing products, i.e., ash.
  • a device for accumulation and discharge of solid processing products i.e., ash.
  • sections being the gasifier components having internal through cavities in the center, located in the direction of the vertical axis of the gasifier and communicating with internal cavities of other components of the gasifier.
  • the sections have a jacket with lining inside, in which the ends of thermal storage elements arranged in the internal cavity of the section are fixed.
  • one or more sections of the furnace are configured to enable rotation relative to the upper and the lower parts of the gasifier around its vertical axis.
  • the technical result lies in: simplification, increased reliability and productivity (Russian Federation invention patent No. 2232347, date of publication: Jul. 10, 2004, patentee: Meshchankin Andrey Ivanovich (RU)).
  • Decomposition of organic feedstock in this reactor is performed by gases forming from combustion of a fuel.
  • the effect is exercised by means of blowing the feedstock with hot flue gases.
  • the gases newly generated due to decomposition of the feedstock are diluted with combustion products and become extremely lean.
  • a considerable part of the carbon contained in the feedstock is oxidized to CO2 and becomes a ballast.
  • the calorific value of hydrocarbons obtained is less than 3,000 kcal/kg.
  • the efficiency factor of the feedstock processing plant would not exceed 20% due to the above reasons.
  • the product obtained may only be used as a low grade fuel in heating systems, which are objective and primary shortcomings of the presented analog.
  • a prototype, PEAT FAST PYROLYSIS REACTOR comprises three-section working chamber 1 with outlets for delivery of dry peat, coke discharge 4 and diversion 3 of the gas released as a result of peat pyrolysis.
  • Inside chamber 1 there are horizontally installed two cylinder-shaped gas burners 5 . Each of them is mechanically coupled with one inclined metal plate 6 .
  • Annular chambers 7 are filled with a cooling fluid and comprise inlet 8 and outlet 9 pipes, one arranged in each of three sections of chamber 1 .
  • Dry peat delivery outlet 2 and outlet 3 for diversion of the gas released as a result of peat pyrolysis are made in the upper part of the upper section of chamber 1 , whereas coke outlet 4 is located in the lower part of the lower section.
  • One of burners 5 and plate 6 coupled therewith is located in the upper section, the second one, in the medium section. Plates 6 of the reactor are arranged one below the other and inclined in the opposite directions.
  • the invention excludes release of substances poorly suitable for further use ( Russian Federation invention patent No. 2293104, date of publication: Feb. 10, 2007, patentees: Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich (RU), Kotelnikov Andrey Vladimirovich (RU), Zamurayev Dmitriy Vladimirovich (RU), Podzorov Aleksandr Ivanovich (RU)).
  • the height of the reactor must be at least 7.6 m (or the height of a two-storeyed building).
  • the duration of stay of delivered organic matter in the reactor the efficiency of utilization of feedstock will decrease sharply.
  • the second objective shortcoming of this reactor is a low combustible agent (gas) utilization factor for warming and keeping it operable. Its efficiency factor is as low as 30%. Such a low efficiency is determined by the fact that the gas combustion products are blown through the gas ducts passing through the reactor at a high speed, and a considerable part of heat leaves the reactor without being utilized.
  • the technical result of the claimed invention lies in elimination of the aforesaid shortcomings: high combustible agent (gas) utilization factor (up to 95%) for warming and keeping it operable.
  • a fast pyrolysis reactor installed on a steel framework, which is a steel housing accommodating a hollow steel cylinder comprising a charging hopper, a branch pipe for evacuation of organic destruction products and an outlet branch pipe for diversion of the product released in the course of pyrolysis, a heating element.
  • the housing is made up of two parts interconnected with bolts on flanges.
  • the lower part of the housing terminates with a pyramidal collector of solid pyrolysis products, through the upper plant of the housing, into which a feedstock delivery tray extends.
  • the cylinder ends are limited on two sides with rings having through apertures in the center. Blades are welded along the horizontal axis of the cylinder, throughout its length. Hollow semi-axles are welded to the end rings of the cylinder, the inner diameter of the above semi-axles matching the diameter of the apertures made in the end rings.
  • the semi-axles extend through annular apertures in the reactor side walls beyond the housing limits, rest on rotating supports.
  • a driven sprocket of chain transmission is fixed with a screw joint on one of the semi-axles.
  • the cylinder assembly has a through cavity, inside which electric heating elements are accommodated along the rotation axis.
  • a rod runs through the cavity center, on which electric heating elements are mounted on insulators with collars.
  • the reactor housing is lined inside and outside with heat insulating materials.
  • electric heating elements are constituted by silicon carbide electrodes.
  • the outer and inner lining of the housing is implemented by means of kaolin heat insulating plates.
  • FIG. 1 presents a longitudinal section of the device.
  • FIG. 2 presents a transversal section of the device, where 1 is charging hopper; 2 is tray; 3 is branch pipe; 4 is upper part of housing; 5 is flange; 6 is rod; 7 is lower part of housing; 8 is pyramidal collector; 9 is outlet branch pipe; 10 is steel cylinder; 11 is ring; 12 is blade; 13 is through aperture; 14 is electric heating element; 15 is support; 16 is steel framework; 17 is driven sprocket; 18 is hollow semi-axle; 19 is annular aperture.
  • the steel housing of the reactor is made up of two parts 4 , 7 interconnected with bolts on flanges 5 .
  • the lower part of the housing terminates with a pyramidal collector of solid pyrolysis products 8 .
  • a tray 2 along which feedstock is delivered onto the heated surface of the cylinder 10 extends through the upper plane of the housing of the fast pyrolysis reactor.
  • a branch pipe 3 for evacuation of organic destruction products (mixture of gases).
  • the cylinder ends are limited on two sides with rings 11 having through apertures in the center 13 .
  • Blades 12 are welded along the horizontal axis of the cylinder, throughout its length, which are intended for efficient mixing and increasing the reaction surface of the cylinder 10 .
  • Hollow semi-axles 18 are welded to the end rings of the cylinder, the inner diameter of the above semi-axles matching the diameter of the apertures made in the end rings.
  • the semi-axles extend through annular apertures 19 in the reactor side walls beyond the housing limits.
  • the semi-axles rest on rotating supports 15 .
  • a driven sprocket 17 of chain transmission by means of which rotation of the cylinder inside the housing is exercised, is fixed with a screw joint on one of the semi-axles, the above driven sprocket.
  • An electric motor with a drive connected to a gearbox, on the shaft of which the driven sprocket is keyed, serves as an actuator for rotation of the cylinder 10 (not shown in FIGS. 1-2 ).
  • the cylinder 10 assembly has a through cavity, inside which electric heating elements 14 are accommodated along the rotation axis.
  • a rod 6 runs through the cavity center, on which electric heating elements 14 are mounted on insulators with collars (not shown in FIGS. 1-2 ).
  • the reactor housing is lined inside and outside with heat insulating materials.
  • the reactor is installed on a steel framework 16 .
  • the electric heating elements are constituted by silicon carbide electrodes.
  • the outer and inner lining of the housing is implemented by means of kaolin heat insulating plates.
  • the device functions as follows.
  • the feedstock is delivered from charging hopper 1 by means of tray 2 on the pre-heated surface of steel cylinder 10 to point A. While rotating, the cylinder relocates the material from point A to point B, with the organic feedstock being continuously agitated (poured) along the heated surface. At point B, the solid residue of pyrolysis is dumped into the lower part of housing 7 and is evacuated out of the reactor through lower outlet pipe branch 9 . The generated gas is evacuated through branch pipe 3 .
  • the cylinder has two zones:
  • Fast pyrolysis process control Delivery of the feedstock (prepared organic mass) onto the cylinder is exercised downwards normal to the horizontal cylinder rotation axis.
  • Various organic compounds and materials are subjected to pyrolysis processes.
  • Peat, sawdust, agricultural waste may serve as feedstock.
  • specific parameters of organic thermal decomposition process are to be met.
  • the design is configured to enable regulation of material delivery volume in time by adjusting the current loads, variation of the reaction duration (the cylinder rotation period is variable within the range of 1 to 12 seconds), setting the decomposition temperature within the range of 450-1200° C. in the automatic and/or semi-automatic and/or manual modes.
  • the claimed invention has the following additional advantages relative to the analog and the prototype.
  • the calorific value of the obtained mixture of gases is 9,000 kW*hr/m 3 and may be used both as a fuel for heat generation and as a motor fuel for generation of electric energy in piston type gas generator plants.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
US15/753,624 2015-08-26 2016-06-30 Fast pyrolysis reactor Abandoned US20190055473A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2015136010 2015-08-26
RU2015136010/03A RU2596169C1 (ru) 2015-08-26 2015-08-26 Реактор быстрого пиролиза
PCT/RU2016/000401 WO2017034437A2 (ru) 2015-08-26 2016-06-30 Реактор быстрого пиролиза

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190055473A1 true US20190055473A1 (en) 2019-02-21

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ID=56892038

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/753,624 Abandoned US20190055473A1 (en) 2015-08-26 2016-06-30 Fast pyrolysis reactor

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20190055473A1 (ru)
EA (1) EA033034B1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2596169C1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2017034437A2 (ru)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2717778C1 (ru) * 2019-08-27 2020-03-25 Павел Феликсович Джулай Реактор для пиролизной переработки органосодержащего сырья

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1879979B1 (en) * 2005-05-03 2017-11-15 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Pyrolysis method and apparatus
RU2293104C1 (ru) * 2005-09-13 2007-02-10 Владимир Александрович Котельников Реактор быстрого пиролиза торфа
BY16876C1 (ru) * 2010-12-22 2013-02-28
RU128517U1 (ru) * 2012-06-20 2013-05-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное объединение РГ Инновации" (ООО "НПО РГ Инновации") Реактор быстрого пиролиза твердых материалов
RU2524110C2 (ru) * 2012-11-08 2014-07-27 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение Науки Институт Биохимической Физики Им. Н.М. Эмануэля Российской Академии Наук (Ибхф Ран) Способ быстрого пиролиза биомассы и углеводородсодержащих продуктов и устройство для его осуществления

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Publication number Publication date
EA201700371A1 (ru) 2018-03-30
RU2596169C1 (ru) 2016-08-27
EA033034B1 (ru) 2019-08-30
WO2017034437A3 (ru) 2017-04-20
WO2017034437A2 (ru) 2017-03-02

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