US20190011147A1 - Modular assembly for a storage device or battery - Google Patents
Modular assembly for a storage device or battery Download PDFInfo
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- US20190011147A1 US20190011147A1 US15/753,861 US201615753861A US2019011147A1 US 20190011147 A1 US20190011147 A1 US 20190011147A1 US 201615753861 A US201615753861 A US 201615753861A US 2019011147 A1 US2019011147 A1 US 2019011147A1
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- modules
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/181—Construction of the tank
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/026—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat with different heat storage materials not coming into direct contact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- This invention relates to a modular assembly comprising a plurality of modules that are functionally interconnected by means for circulating a flow (electrical, fluid, etc.). An individual module is also concerned.
- Such an assembly can more particularly define or contain a storage battery or a thermal energy storage and release unit supplied by a fluid, such as oil from an engine, in particular.
- a thermal flow management problem arises both module by module and on such assemblies, when it is expected that they each contain at least one volume wherein is contained at least one of what follows:
- an element to be maintained at a certain temperature and/or a heat-emitting element may consist of an electrolyte, an anode and/or a cathode of an electric power accumulator for a vehicle battery pack.
- the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid as well as for thermal energy storage and release elements, they can in particular be contained in a storage and release unit as mentioned above, the latter as thermal regulation elements of the former.
- GB 2519742 proposes a modular assembly comprising several adjacent modules:
- an assembly as aforesaid is hereby proposed, thus comprising several adjacent modules that have a peripheral wall through which the adjacent modules can be in thermal exchange, the said adjacent modules being interconnected by flow circulation means and each containing at least one volume wherein is present at least one of the following:
- the local complex MCP/thermal insulation makes it possible to associate thermal insulation between modules and a capacity:
- phase change material refers to a material that is capable of changing its physical state within a restricted temperature range.
- Thermal storage can be achieved by using its Latent Heat (LH): the material can then store or transfer energy by simple change of state, while maintaining a substantially constant temperature and pressure, which of the state change.
- LH Latent Heat
- “tight” has the sense of being “in physical contact” with at least one of the two adjacent modules facing each other. There is no need for pressure, but for keeping in place and in contact for good thermal exchange.
- a set of three layers 15 - 23 - 15 is kept “tight” in FIG. 5
- FIG. 6 there is kept “tight” together with each of these two modules 52 a set two layers 15 - 23 or 23 - 15 , with a space 42 for circulating a thermal management fluid F established between the two respective layers 23 .
- the thermally insulating material chosen which will therefore not be a PCM material, will be an insulator such as glass wool, a porous insulator, a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, or better still a porous thermally insulating material arranged in a vacuum chamber, to define at least one Vacuum Insulating Panel, VIP.
- an insulator such as glass wool, a porous insulator, a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, or better still a porous thermally insulating material arranged in a vacuum chamber, to define at least one Vacuum Insulating Panel, VIP.
- the thermally insulating material of the second layer comprise a porous thermal insulating material arranged in a vacuum chamber, to define at least one vacuum insulating panel, VIP.
- Porous will mean a material that has interstices allowing the passage of air. Open cell porous materials therefore include foams but also fibrous materials (such as glass wool or rock wool).
- the passage interstices that may be described as pores have sizes of less than 1 or 2 mm so as to guarantee good thermal insulation, and preferably less than 1 micron, and preferentially still less than 10 ⁇ 9 m (nanoporous structure), particularly for questions of ageing stability and therefore possible lower depression rate in the VIP envelope.
- VIP is understood to mean a structure under a partial air vacuum structure (internal pressure that can be between 10 and 10 4 Pa) containing at least one a priori porous thermal insulating material (pore sizes of less than 10 microns) It should be noted, however, that the expression “air vacuum” includes the case wherein this partial vacuum would be replaced with a “controlled atmosphere”: the insulating pouches would be filled with a gas that has a lower thermal conductivity than ambient air (26 mW/m ⁇ K)
- the VIP panels are thermal insulators wherein cores made of porous material, for example silica gel or silicic acid powder (SiO2), are pressed into a plate and each surrounded, partial air vacuum, a gas-tight wrapping foil, for example plastic and/or roll-formed aluminium.
- the resulting vacuum with a residual pressure typically less than 1 hPa (1010 2 Pa), typically lowers the thermal conductivity to less than about 0.01/0.020 W/m•K under the conditions of use.
- thermal insulation efficiency via said “second layer” in particular significantly higher than that of more conventional insulating materials, such as certain technical polymers like RYNITE® PET polyester resin or HYTREL® thermoplastic polyester elastomer from Dupont de Nemours®.
- a thermal conductivity ⁇ less than 0.008/0.01 W/m•K is preferably expected here.
- part of the periphery of at least some of the modules is devoid of at least the second layer where a module is in physical contact with a convective and/or conductive thermal energy transfer means.
- heat transfer may pass through the PCM layer(s) or through the single non-insulating outer wall (typically made of polymer or metal) of the module peripherally limiting said volume at this location.
- a given module defines an electric accumulator of a vehicle battery unit, wherein at least one electrolyte, an anode and a cathode arranged in said volume define all or part of said element to be maintained at a certain temperature and/or said heat-emitting element, the envelope being traversed by electrical connection means connected to the anode and cathode.
- the sheet or plastic film, or even metal or metal/plastic complex film of the pouch and/or the enclosure will foster the aforementioned thermal transfer desired, while ensuring an efficient manufacturing process. Indeed, since a VIP panel can typically be made with a heat-sealable metal layer film (for example aluminium) which is therefore a thermally good conductor, it will then be easy to use this layer for the said thermal transfer; same in the case of a metal wall that is a little thicker ( 1/10 mm for example) and therefore more rigid.
- a heat-sealable metal layer film for example aluminium
- first and second layers may be distributed in two pouches that may be conformable or deformable and sealed together around said volume, thereby creating an envelope closing the volume.
- Part of the welding periphery can then serve as a thermal transfer area.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the storage-thermal exchanger type device, in exploded view
- FIG. 2 shows a vertical section of two modules of the unit in FIG. 1 superimposed, with an integrated active barrier 15 / 23 ;
- FIGS. 3 to 7 show in vertical section embodiments of battery cells arranged in a lateral line
- FIG. 8 outlines in vertical section two pouches ready to be inter-assembled (see arrows) to constitute a pouch-type cell or battery module;
- FIGS. 9,10 outline in vertical section two results of the assembly of FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 11 shows in vertical section an alternative of FIG. 10 , with PCM only inside (INT) in a closed state of a hingeable panel with continuous insulation;
- FIGS. 12,15 show in vertical section, closed on themselves, two strips with PCM/VIP structure (the PCM layer was not shown, it doubles the inner porous layer 23 ), and
- FIGS. 13,14 outlines, in local vertical section (extensible on both sides in the case of a hingeable panel) two possible structures of insulating pouches ( 19 below),
- FIG. 16 is a diagram in vertical section of an alternative solution of FIG. 2 .
- FIGS. 17, 18 are top diagrams (horizontal section on the left) and with cutaway embodiments that can be those of FIGS. 3 to 6 .
- the invention proposes a modular embodiment that can be adjusted in terms of volume or mass, and whose thermal efficiency provided by the local association PCM/thermal insulation will achieve both a thermal insulation between modules that (via the PCM material) a smoothing ability of the temperature variations of elements present in the internal volume of the module concerned (case of a battery application) and/or an ability to delay a temperature variation of a fluid that is present in the volume (case of a storage application/exchanger) or the object to be thermally regulated (case of a battery).
- FIGS. 1, 2 storage/exchanger FIGS. 1, 2 and two solutions of storage batteries, respectively FIGS. 3-10 and 11, 12 , respectively.
- Each comprises several modules 3 each having an interior volume 7 limited externally by a peripheral wall 5 .
- the modules 3 are functionally interconnected by means 6 for circulating a flow 9 :
- FIGS. 3,4,10 diagrammatically shows at least one electrolyte 16 , and an anode 14 and a cathode 17 arranged in the volume 7 of each of the electric accumulators 3 , this defining one or more elements to be maintained at a certain temperature and/or giving off heat, when in operation all or part of the anode, cathode and the electrolyte 16 will be heated within these accumulators.
- the polarized terminals of these anode and cathode which connect to the means 6 locally through the wall 5 are also distinguished at 140 , 170 .
- the adjacent two-by-two modules 3 of the assembly 1 are those of a unit for storing and (subsequently) releasing thermal energy.
- the volumes 7 each contain elements 13 for storing and (subsequently) releasing this thermal energy transported by the flow 9 of the circulating fluid, which, refrigerant or heat transfer fluid, is a priori liquid (water, oil in particular), but could to be gaseous, like air to be conditioned.
- Some first passages 33 , 35 go through, at opposite ends of the unit 1 , covers 32 covering, by closing if necessary, the two end modules of what is here formed in a stack, to let in and out the fluid that will flow between the modules.
- This circulation can be serial or parallel.
- the cover 32 opening side 31 can be doubled by a single pouch 34 with VIP constitution.
- a mechanical protection plate 36 can close it all, along the axis 27 , as illustrated.
- each wall 29 defines in this case the bottom of the module concerned, in addition to the peripheral wall 5 .
- the modules are open, at 31 , to allow the placing in each volume 7 thus defined elements 13 for storing and releasing the thermal energy that will have been provided by the fluid 9 .
- the elements 13 will favorably be balls made partially of material (for example in addition to a polymer) or totally of PCM, for thermal efficiency and ease to be arranged in their number in host volume.
- compositions as described in EP2690137 or in EP2690141, namely in the second case a crosslinked composition based on at least one vulcanized “STR” silicone elastomer at room temperature and comprising at least one phase change material (PCM), said at least one silicone elastomer that has a viscosity measured at 23° C. according to ISO 3219 which is less than or equal to 5000 mPa ⁇ s.
- PCM phase change material
- the elastomer matrix may be predominantly constituted (i.e. based on an amount greater than 50 phr, preferably greater than 75 phr) of one or more “STR” silicone elastomers.
- this composition may have its elastomer matrix comprising one or more silicone elastomers in a total amount greater than 50 phr and optionally one or more other elastomers (i.e. other than “STR” silicones) based on a total quantity of less than 50 phr.
- the thermal phase change material (PCM) consists of n-hexadecane, eicosane or a lithium salt. Alternatively, the PCM material could be based on fatty acid, paraffin, or eutectic or hydrated salt.
- this material and its packaging in particular its dispersion within a polymer matrix, will depend on the intended application and the expected results.
- Fastening means 40 which may be tie rods, mechanically secure the modules together, in this case a stacking axis 27 .
- At least a first layer 15 comprising at least one PCM material is arranged around each volume 7 , including on one side where two adjacent modules face each other and where at least a portion at least one second layer 23 comprising a thermally insulating material is also interposed, as shown diagrammatically in the figures “in situation” 2 - 6 and 9 .
- the thermally insulating material of the second layer 23 comprises, in the preferred versions illustrated, a porous heat-insulating material placed in a vacuum chamber 37 , to define at least one vacuum insulating panel, VIP.
- the second layer 23 will be, where the two layers PCM/VIP exist, arranged around the first layer 15 , so between it and the exterior (EXT); it being specified, however, that the second layer 23 could be interposed between two PCM layers 15 a, 15 b. In that case:
- each “layer” 15 a, 15 b may be formed of several adjoining sub-layers of lesser thickness each with its change of state temperature in case b), for a gradual evolution of these temperatures.
- an excessively cold or hot external temperature might interfere only slightly with that in the volume(s) 7 , the first layer 15 (or the internal one 15 a ) being, in the Battery application, defined to smooth out internal temperature variations in this(these) volume(s) and within the fluid in the periphery and to delay the propagation towards the heat or excessively cold modules (typically less than 25° C. or more than 35° C.).
- the active thermal barrier formed by the PCM/thermal insulation layers thus comprise at least one VIP panel formed by a pouch 19 wherein the second layer 23 will be initially integrated.
- a porous thermal insulating material which can therefore be the second layer 23 , this material being contained in the casing 37 forming a sealed enclosure to said material and air.
- the porous thermal insulating material thus contained in the envelope 37 , it should be noted that it will advantageously be made of a porous material (for example with a nanostructure, such as silica powder or airgel, such as a silica airgel) confined in a sheet or a flexible film 49 or 51 that will not let through the water vapour or gas.
- the VIP obtained will be emptied of its air to obtain for example a pressure of a few millibars, and can then be sealed.
- the thermal conductivity A of such a VIP will be 0.004/0.008 W/m ⁇ K.
- Examples, applicable here, of VIP panel and super-insulating material are provided in PCT/FR2014/050267 and WO2014060906 (porous material), respectively.
- a possible composition of the material 23 is as follows: 80-85% silica dioxide (SiO2), 15-20% silicon carbide (SiC) and possibly 5% other products (binder/fillers). A thickness of 0.4 to 3 cm is possible.
- a space 42 between two thicknesses of said second layer 23 interposed between two adjacent modules 52 may make it possible to circulate, in a natural or forced manner, a fluid F in order to evacuate calories (even frigories) present in these spaces because of exchanges between modules.
- Each space 42 can therefore be connected to the respective conduits for supplying the fluid 43 a and for discharging the fluid 43 b.
- FIGS. 4,6,7 outlines an independent PCM/VIP barrier resulting from a band 50 articulated in several places because the flexible sheets or films 49 (or parts of the same sheet or single film) which form the envelope 37 are:
- FIGS. 8,13,14 we see, among others, different ways of making a band 50 , see individually a pouch 19 with 15 / 23 material and VIP constitution of which it is favorably made.
- each pouch 19 comprises at least one closed outer envelope 37 which contains the first and second elements 15 / 23 and consists of at least one conformable or deformable sheet 49 sealed to the PCM material, with:
- two layers 15 15 ( 15 a, 15 b ) containing one or more PCM materials could (as in FIG. 7 ) be arranged on either side of the layer of porous material 23 .
- Sheet(s) or film(s) 49 and 53 can typically be made in the form of a multilayer film comprising polymer films (PE and PET) and aluminium in the form of, for example, laminated (foil of about ten micrometres thick) or metallized (vacuum coating of a film of a few tens of nanometres).
- the metallisation can be carried out on one or both sides of a PE film and several metallised PE films can be complex to form a single film.
- modules 3 if formed each time, on a complete modular assembly, in a stack or line, are superimposed by their openings 31 and bottom 29 , FIG. 2 , while they are laterally in line, side by side through part of their peripheral wall FIGS. 3-7 .
- “superimposed modules” for the storage-exchanger 1 is therefore not only the peripheral wall 5 but also the bottom 29 which are provided with the double barrier 15 / 23 , for example with minus one strip 50 , folded in the corners, used for three sides (see FIG. 2 in section where the diagram, rough, does not show the strip), two single pouches 19 for the 4th and 5th sides, the last side being open (opening 31 ).
- the band 50 may be arranged horizontally at the single side wall 5 .
- all these structures, here with VIP constitution, will be favorably embedded with a support 55 .
- This support will favorably be one-piece. It may be plastic, metal (stainless steel, aluminium) or composite, in particular. Molded manufacturing will be preferred.
- peripheral side wall 5 of mouldable material covers both fibre-filled and injected thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins impregnating a mat, such as a woven or a nonwoven.
- the bottom 29 also incorporates a PCM/VIP 15 / 23 gate. It may be at least one pouch 19 or two flat pouches, side by side between which the passage channel(s) for electrical connections terminals 140 , 170 would pass.
- an electric cell 52 completely closed and thus containing the elements 15 , 16 , 17
- FIG. 4 is instead diagrammatically the case in which the hollow interior defined by the inner face of the walls 5 and 29 is directly the volume 7 .
- the elements 15 , 16 , 17 placed there are held by a cover 57 which closes the opening 31 .
- the situations can be interchanged between the two figures.
- FIG. 5 and in more detail FIG. 7 , a special feature lies in the VIP wall 23 which is common to the two adjacent cells 52 .
- a vacuum bag with three layers: a porous insulating layer 23 between two layers PCM, a priori identical.
- the thickness of the layer 23 may be twice that of the dedicated layer versions of the other variants.
- a mechanically protective sleeve 38 may surround the batch of cells and their individual thermal barriers 15 / 23 .
- FIGS. 8-11 diagrammatically show another way of making a battery cell, in this case a “pouch” cell FIGS. 10-11 , while it may be prismatic cells FIG. 9 in the previous figures.
- FIG. 8 two elongated pouches 19 each formed of a casing 37 are outlined, face to face. Each has two ends 49 a, 49 b of outer films 49 welded together. It is these two pairs of ends 49 a, 49 b that we will be able to join together and solder by couple, as shown in FIGS. 9-11 to constitute a closed central space corresponding to ( FIG. 9 ) to the space 56 already present in the solution of FIG. 3 is directly to the internal volume 7 ( FIGS. 10-11 ), since the wall 49 will then be chosen to resist the electrolyte and exchanges related to the electrical production in the volume, being so necessary to double this by an ad-hoc wall.
- FIGS. 9 two elongated pouches 19 each formed of a casing 37 are outlined, face to face. Each has two ends 49 a, 49 b of outer films 49 welded together. It is these two pairs of ends 49 a, 49 b that we will be able to join together and solder by couple, as shown in FIGS
- bends can therefore be made at the location of the hinge zones 21 , where two sheets 49 are in direct contact with one another and which are each interposed between a pouch 19 and a thermally insulating intermediate zone 59 containing at least one porous material 23 .
- At least one PCM layer may be interposed between the bottom 29 and the convective exchange means 44 , the bottom 29 being able to integrate this or these layers.
- FIG. 16 shows an alternative to the solution of FIG. 2 : the bottoms 29 may not comprise layers 15 or 23 .
- the same material as that of the wall 5 may be used, for a one-piece constitution.
- FIG. 17 it shows in plan view a case in which the means 44 for transferring thermal energy acts in particular by conduction, via conduits 48 for the circulation of a fluid which, via the thermal energy transfer plate 50 (typically metal) which doubles a face 58 of the combined blocks 3 (here several adjacent cells 52 ), ensures the evacuation of the thermal energy supplied to this plate by the PCM layers 15 .
- the thermal energy transfer plate 50 typically metal
- such a layer PCM 15 laterally surrounds (on the four lateral faces other than the face 58 and its opposite, see figure) all the blocks 3 / 52 joined together with itself doubled externally by a thermal insulator 23 .
- FIG. 18 outlines an alternative where the thermal energy transfer means 44 , here by convection, extends all around a PCM 15 which surrounds laterally (on the four lateral faces other than the lower and upper faces here; see figure) all the blocks 3 / 52 together.
- the means 44 for convection transfer may be an outer plate carrying fins 46 .
- FIG. 17 shows the sleeve, or more generally the envelope in one or more parts, which serves as a mechanically protective wall, or even a lateral holding means (see solution in FIG. 1 ) to the elements they surround; units 3 , layers 15 / 23 . . .
- the outer peripheral plate carrying fins 46 can play this role, especially if the plates are joined together to form a continuous wall.
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Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a modular assembly comprising a plurality of modules that are functionally interconnected by means for circulating a flow (electrical, fluid, etc.). An individual module is also concerned.
- Such an assembly can more particularly define or contain a storage battery or a thermal energy storage and release unit supplied by a fluid, such as oil from an engine, in particular.
- A thermal flow management problem arises both module by module and on such assemblies, when it is expected that they each contain at least one volume wherein is contained at least one of what follows:
- a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid that can circulate in said volumes under the action of circulation means,
- elements for storing and releasing a thermal energy,
- at least one element to be maintained at a certain temperature, and/or
- at least one heat-emitting element.
- It is conceivable that an element to be maintained at a certain temperature and/or a heat-emitting element may consist of an electrolyte, an anode and/or a cathode of an electric power accumulator for a vehicle battery pack.
- As for the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid as well as for thermal energy storage and release elements, they can in particular be contained in a storage and release unit as mentioned above, the latter as thermal regulation elements of the former.
- Now, for example in the automotive or aeronautics field, the current trend to integrate in vehicles (cars, airplanes . . . ) systems that have to provide increased performance (turbo, super-capabilities, etc.) weighs down and tends to increase the capacity need for flow management systems. This is true, for electric flows in electric or hybrid vehicles and for fluid flows, for example in the air temperature conditioning units of these same vehicles, or in some exchangers.
- In addition, the industry is prompted to accelerate the marketing of new technologies that can reduce pollution emissions, smooth any occasional increases in thermal loads or gradients in relation to a nominal sizing operation, or propose solutions to shift the release of available energy in time to another time, while fostering the operational functioning of an element in its optimum operating temperature range (such as a storage battery).
- GB 2519742 proposes a modular assembly comprising several adjacent modules:
- that have a peripheral wall,
- which are interconnected by flow circulation means,
- and each containing at least one volume wherein there is at least one of the following:
- a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid that can circulate in said volumes under the action of circulation means,
- elements for storing and releasing thermal energy, at least a first layer comprising at least one thermal phase change material (PCM) being arranged at the periphery (of at least some) of said volumes.
- In GB 2519742 these are devices for storing thermal energy for later use in space heating or water heating.
- The problem is therefore different from that in the present application wherein the thermal management of the interior of the module volumes passes through the management of thermal exchanges between adjacent modules.
- It is in this context that an assembly as aforesaid is hereby proposed, thus comprising several adjacent modules that have a peripheral wall through which the adjacent modules can be in thermal exchange, the said adjacent modules being interconnected by flow circulation means and each containing at least one volume wherein is present at least one of the following:
-
- a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid that can circulate in said volumes under the action of circulation means,
- elements for storing and releasing thermal energy,
- at least one element to be maintained at a certain temperature,
- at least one heat-emitting element, at least one first layer comprising at least one thermal phase change material (PCM) being arranged at the periphery of at least some of said volumes, including on one side:
- where two modules are in contact by their respective peripheral walls, or
- where said first layer is tight between two modules facing each other, and where at least a portion of at least one second layer comprising a thermally insulating material is also respectively interposed and tight.
- The local complex MCP/thermal insulation makes it possible to associate thermal insulation between modules and a capacity:
- for lag effect on an undesired temperature variation (effect of PCM materials),
- and/or smoothing the temperature variations of the fluid and/or elements present in the internal volume of the module under consideration (via the PCM material).
- It will thus be possible to avoid thermal disturbances between modules, while taking advantage of the thermal energy present in the volumes of these modules, the operating range of which may, if necessary, be managed (in the case of modules of a storage battery, in particular).
- In GB 2519742 the lateral spacing between the modules and the thin air layers under the lids confirm that these effects are neither targeted nor attained. The intention is not to thermally benefit from a modular compactness.
- For all purposes, it is specified that a phase change material—or MCP—refers to a material that is capable of changing its physical state within a restricted temperature range. Thermal storage can be achieved by using its Latent Heat (LH): the material can then store or transfer energy by simple change of state, while maintaining a substantially constant temperature and pressure, which of the state change.
- And “tight” has the sense of being “in physical contact” with at least one of the two adjacent modules facing each other. There is no need for pressure, but for keeping in place and in contact for good thermal exchange. For example, between two
successive modules 52, a set of three layers 15-23-15 is kept “tight” inFIG. 5 , while, for example, inFIG. 6 there is kept “tight” together with each of these two modules 52 a set two layers 15-23 or 23-15, with aspace 42 for circulating a thermal management fluid F established between the tworespective layers 23. - In general, the thermally insulating material chosen, which will therefore not be a PCM material, will be an insulator such as glass wool, a porous insulator, a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, or better still a porous thermally insulating material arranged in a vacuum chamber, to define at least one Vacuum Insulating Panel, VIP.
- Indeed, with a VIP, the performance of the thermal management to be ensured will be further improved, or even the overall volume decreased with respect to another insulator.
- It is therefore recommended that the thermally insulating material of the second layer comprise a porous thermal insulating material arranged in a vacuum chamber, to define at least one vacuum insulating panel, VIP.
- “Porous” will mean a material that has interstices allowing the passage of air. Open cell porous materials therefore include foams but also fibrous materials (such as glass wool or rock wool). The passage interstices that may be described as pores have sizes of less than 1 or 2 mm so as to guarantee good thermal insulation, and preferably less than 1 micron, and preferentially still less than 10−9m (nanoporous structure), particularly for questions of ageing stability and therefore possible lower depression rate in the VIP envelope.
- The term “VIP” is understood to mean a structure under a partial air vacuum structure (internal pressure that can be between 10 and 104 Pa) containing at least one a priori porous thermal insulating material (pore sizes of less than 10 microns) It should be noted, however, that the expression “air vacuum” includes the case wherein this partial vacuum would be replaced with a “controlled atmosphere”: the insulating pouches would be filled with a gas that has a lower thermal conductivity than ambient air (26 mW/m·K)
- Typically, the VIP panels (vacuum insulating panel, VIP) are thermal insulators wherein cores made of porous material, for example silica gel or silicic acid powder (SiO2), are pressed into a plate and each surrounded, partial air vacuum, a gas-tight wrapping foil, for example plastic and/or roll-formed aluminium. The resulting vacuum, with a residual pressure typically less than 1 hPa (10102 Pa), typically lowers the thermal conductivity to less than about 0.01/0.020 W/m•K under the conditions of use.
- Now, in at least some applications or operating situations to be anticipated, it may be necessary to achieve a thermal insulation efficiency via said “second layer” in particular significantly higher than that of more conventional insulating materials, such as certain technical polymers like RYNITE® PET polyester resin or HYTREL® thermoplastic polyester elastomer from Dupont de Nemours®.
- Typically, a thermal conductivity λ less than 0.008/0.01 W/m•K is preferably expected here.
- With regard to these VIP panels and PCM materials, it was further noted that they do not seem to meet the expectations of the market so far. In particular, their implementation in the field is a problem, especially their conditioning.
- Therefore, this choice of PCM/VIP active barrier is hereby deemed relevant.
- In certain applications or operating situations to be anticipated, it may also be necessary to evacuate or bring thermal energy contained in the aforementioned volumes of the modules concerned, or to limit thermal transfer to objects to be thermally regulated (battery elements).
- In such cases it is recommended that part of the periphery of at least some of the modules is devoid of at least the second layer where a module is in physical contact with a convective and/or conductive thermal energy transfer means.
- It follows that at a localized area of a given module, heat transfer may pass through the PCM layer(s) or through the single non-insulating outer wall (typically made of polymer or metal) of the module peripherally limiting said volume at this location.
- This may apply in particular if a given module defines an electric accumulator of a vehicle battery unit, wherein at least one electrolyte, an anode and a cathode arranged in said volume define all or part of said element to be maintained at a certain temperature and/or said heat-emitting element, the envelope being traversed by electrical connection means connected to the anode and cathode.
- Indeed, we must be particularly vigilant to thermal control in order to prevent the cell from overheating.
- In connection with this point, and to foster mass production, it is also proposed:
- that the first and second layers be grouped together in at least one pouch which will surround said volume,
- and that the thermally insulating material of the second layer comprise a porous material arranged in a vacuum chamber, to define at least one vacuum insulating panel, VIP.
- The sheet or plastic film, or even metal or metal/plastic complex film of the pouch and/or the enclosure will foster the aforementioned thermal transfer desired, while ensuring an efficient manufacturing process. Indeed, since a VIP panel can typically be made with a heat-sealable metal layer film (for example aluminium) which is therefore a thermally good conductor, it will then be easy to use this layer for the said thermal transfer; same in the case of a metal wall that is a little thicker ( 1/10 mm for example) and therefore more rigid.
- Definitely, it may even be favorable for the first and second layers to be distributed in two pouches that may be conformable or deformable and sealed together around said volume, thereby creating an envelope closing the volume.
- Part of the welding periphery can then serve as a thermal transfer area.
- In terms of implementing the aforementioned first and second layers, and in addition to the case in which the packaging of the VIP pouch will make the realization of the active ePCM/VIP barrier thus conditioned constitute itself the wall of the internal volume of the module concerned, two other embodiments are preferred, for the sake of energy efficiency, mass production capacity (typically automotive field), reliability and reduced costs, namely:
- a)—each module will have at least one peripheral wall which will close the volume, except possibly at the location of an opening leaving access to said volume,
- —and the first and/or second layers, which will be structurally distinct from said peripheral wall, will be arranged around this peripheral wall, with the second layer outside the first one, where there will exist a presence of the first and second layers,
- b) or each module will have at least one peripheral wall:
- a)—which will close the volume, except possibly at the location of an opening leaving access to said volume,
- and which will incorporate the mouldable material support and the first and second layers.
- In conjunction with what has already been indicated, two applications (among others not excluded) have been particularly taken into account, because of the needs expressed by the market, as developed above.
- These are:
- the case where the modules are or will contain electric accumulators of a battery pack for a vehicle, wherein at least one electrolyte, an anode and a cathode arranged in said volume will define all or part of the aforementioned element to be maintained at a certain temperature and/or said heat-emitting element;
- and the case in which:
- the adjacent modules are those of a unit for storing and releasing thermal energy,
- the volumes contain said thermal energy storage and release elements,
- at least a first passage going through a wall of at least one of the modules allows said refrigerant or heat transfer fluid to enter and exit,
- and second passages established between at least one of said modules allowing the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid to pass between the volumes.
- These two cases are interesting in that they are based on a common solution, although concerning deeply different contexts:
- in a battery pack or a vehicle electrical accumulator, the electrical efficiency over time in fact depends significantly on the internal temperature conditions, in the pack, which must be contained in an optimum range of approximately 25 to 35° C.; otherwise the efficiency drops,
- in a unit for storing and releasing thermal energy, it is necessary to store this energy (typically after about 6-10 minutes) in the unit at a time, to conserve it for a certain time (typically several hours, for example 12 to 15 hours), then release it (typically less than 2/3 minutes, for example to an engine during a cold starting phase), all via a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid entering and/or exiting.
- If necessary, the invention will be better understood and other characteristics, details and advantages thereof will become apparent upon reading the following description as a non-exhaustive example with reference to the appended drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the storage-thermal exchanger type device, in exploded view; -
FIG. 2 shows a vertical section of two modules of the unit inFIG. 1 superimposed, with an integratedactive barrier 15/23; -
FIGS. 3 to 7 show in vertical section embodiments of battery cells arranged in a lateral line; -
FIG. 8 outlines in vertical section two pouches ready to be inter-assembled (see arrows) to constitute a pouch-type cell or battery module; -
FIGS. 9,10 outline in vertical section two results of the assembly ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 11 shows in vertical section an alternative ofFIG. 10 , with PCM only inside (INT) in a closed state of a hingeable panel with continuous insulation; -
FIGS. 12,15 show in vertical section, closed on themselves, two strips with PCM/VIP structure (the PCM layer was not shown, it doubles the inner porous layer 23), and -
FIGS. 13,14 outlines, in local vertical section (extensible on both sides in the case of a hingeable panel) two possible structures of insulating pouches (19 below), -
FIG. 16 is a diagram in vertical section of an alternative solution ofFIG. 2 , - and
FIGS. 17, 18 are top diagrams (horizontal section on the left) and with cutaway embodiments that can be those ofFIGS. 3 to 6 . - As mentioned above, the invention proposes a modular embodiment that can be adjusted in terms of volume or mass, and whose thermal efficiency provided by the local association PCM/thermal insulation will achieve both a thermal insulation between modules that (via the PCM material) a smoothing ability of the temperature variations of elements present in the internal volume of the module concerned (case of a battery application) and/or an ability to delay a temperature variation of a fluid that is present in the volume (case of a storage application/exchanger) or the object to be thermally regulated (case of a battery).
- Thus, it can be seen in the appended figures and non-exhaustively, three
modular assemblies FIGS. 1, 2 and two solutions of storage batteries, respectivelyFIGS. 3-10 and 11, 12 , respectively. - Each comprises
several modules 3 each having aninterior volume 7 limited externally by aperipheral wall 5. - Note, however, that if a modular assembly is recommended, here it is the individual thermal structuring of each “module” that takes precedence. Each module is therefore to be considered as such, as a thermally independent whole.
- The
modules 3 are functionally interconnected bymeans 6 for circulating a flow 9: - the flow of a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid that can circulate in an
external circuit 110 and in said volumes under the action of circulation means 11, - and/or electrical energy flow when the means 6 (such as cables) then provide an electrical connection, typically serial or parallel, between the modular elements 3 (each forming or enclosing an electric accumulator) of the battery pack, in order to obtain an electric voltage for a vehicle. Only
FIGS. 3-4 outline these electrical connections, to avoid overloading the otherFIGS. 5-11 concerned, - and/or still fluid, by an exchange means 44; see below in the “battery” application (
FIGS. 3-12 ); This exchange means 44 will then act as a means for circulating a flow between the modules. -
FIGS. 3,4,10 (the otherFIGS. 5-9,11 not listed in order to streamline details), diagrammatically shows at least oneelectrolyte 16, and ananode 14 and acathode 17 arranged in thevolume 7 of each of theelectric accumulators 3, this defining one or more elements to be maintained at a certain temperature and/or giving off heat, when in operation all or part of the anode, cathode and theelectrolyte 16 will be heated within these accumulators. In these figures, the polarized terminals of these anode and cathode which connect to themeans 6 locally through thewall 5 are also distinguished at 140,170. - In the example in
FIG. 1 , the adjacent two-by-twomodules 3 of theassembly 1 are those of a unit for storing and (subsequently) releasing thermal energy. Thevolumes 7 each containelements 13 for storing and (subsequently) releasing this thermal energy transported by theflow 9 of the circulating fluid, which, refrigerant or heat transfer fluid, is a priori liquid (water, oil in particular), but could to be gaseous, like air to be conditioned. - Some
first passages unit 1, covers 32 covering, by closing if necessary, the two end modules of what is here formed in a stack, to let in and out the fluid that will flow between the modules. This circulation can be serial or parallel. - Externally, the
cover 32 opening side 31 (see below) can be doubled by asingle pouch 34 with VIP constitution. And amechanical protection plate 36 can close it all, along theaxis 27, as illustrated. A mechanical protection sleeve orsheath 38 open at both ends, for example hard plastic, further envelopes themodules 3 andparts - To allow the flow of
fluid 9 to pass between the volumes, somesecond passages 30 are established between all the modules in pairs, inwalls 29 transverse to the stack. Eachwall 29 defines in this case the bottom of the module concerned, in addition to theperipheral wall 5. - In contrast to their bottom 29, the modules are open, at 31, to allow the placing in each
volume 7 thus definedelements 13 for storing and releasing the thermal energy that will have been provided by thefluid 9. Theelements 13 will favorably be balls made partially of material (for example in addition to a polymer) or totally of PCM, for thermal efficiency and ease to be arranged in their number in host volume. - As constitution of the elements 13 (or
material 15 below) provision may be made for example for rubber composition as described in EP2690137 or in EP2690141, namely in the second case a crosslinked composition based on at least one vulcanized “STR” silicone elastomer at room temperature and comprising at least one phase change material (PCM), said at least one silicone elastomer that has a viscosity measured at 23° C. according to ISO 3219 which is less than or equal to 5000 mPa·s. - In this composition, the elastomer matrix may be predominantly constituted (i.e. based on an amount greater than 50 phr, preferably greater than 75 phr) of one or more “STR” silicone elastomers. Thus, this composition may have its elastomer matrix comprising one or more silicone elastomers in a total amount greater than 50 phr and optionally one or more other elastomers (i.e. other than “STR” silicones) based on a total quantity of less than 50 phr. The thermal phase change material (PCM) consists of n-hexadecane, eicosane or a lithium salt. Alternatively, the PCM material could be based on fatty acid, paraffin, or eutectic or hydrated salt.
- In fact, the choice of this material and its packaging, in particular its dispersion within a polymer matrix, will depend on the intended application and the expected results.
- Fastening means 40, which may be tie rods, mechanically secure the modules together, in this case a stacking
axis 27. - To protect from external (EXT) heat or cold at least a
first layer 15 comprising at least one PCM material is arranged around eachvolume 7, including on one side where two adjacent modules face each other and where at least a portion at least onesecond layer 23 comprising a thermally insulating material is also interposed, as shown diagrammatically in the figures “in situation” 2-6 and 9. - To best enhance this “active” insulation as soon as a PCM material is included therein, the thermally insulating material of the
second layer 23 comprises, in the preferred versions illustrated, a porous heat-insulating material placed in avacuum chamber 37, to define at least one vacuum insulating panel, VIP. - A priori the
second layer 23 will be, where the two layers PCM/VIP exist, arranged around thefirst layer 15, so between it and the exterior (EXT); it being specified, however, that thesecond layer 23 could be interposed between two PCM layers 15 a, 15 b. In that case: - a) if the exterior (EXT) is the neighbouring
cell 52, the two PCM layers 15 a, 15 b may be the same, - b) if the exterior (EXT) is the environment around a complete battery pack, beyond the lateral periphery and its
wall 55, as for example in zones 111,FIG. 4 , then the change of phase temperatures will be different, the change of state temperature increasing as one goes inward (INT). - Note that each “layer” 15 a, 15 b may be formed of several adjoining sub-layers of lesser thickness each with its change of state temperature in case b), for a gradual evolution of these temperatures.
- Thus, it can be arranged such that an excessively cold or hot external temperature might interfere only slightly with that in the volume(s) 7, the first layer 15 (or the
internal one 15 a) being, in the Battery application, defined to smooth out internal temperature variations in this(these) volume(s) and within the fluid in the periphery and to delay the propagation towards the heat or excessively cold modules (typically less than 25° C. or more than 35° C.). - In order to optimize this approach, it is recommended that the active thermal barrier formed by the PCM/thermal insulation layers thus comprise at least one VIP panel formed by a
pouch 19 wherein thesecond layer 23 will be initially integrated. In order to constitute the/eachpanel VIP 19, then, there should be found a porous thermal insulating material, which can therefore be thesecond layer 23, this material being contained in thecasing 37 forming a sealed enclosure to said material and air. Once an air gap is established in the envelope, the pouch nevertheless slightly conformable or deformable forming the VIP panel will be constituted. - As regards the porous thermal insulating material thus contained in the
envelope 37, it should be noted that it will advantageously be made of a porous material (for example with a nanostructure, such as silica powder or airgel, such as a silica airgel) confined in a sheet or aflexible film material 23 is as follows: 80-85% silica dioxide (SiO2), 15-20% silicon carbide (SiC) and possibly 5% other products (binder/fillers). A thickness of 0.4 to 3 cm is possible. - At this stage of the presentation of the invention, it has been understood that an important element thereof relates to the modular design of a thermal management structure with the purpose of controlling the temperature in an internal volume that this structure surrounds, either structurally dissociated, as an isothermal bag surrounds a content, or structurally integrated: the materials of the
thermal barrier - must be able to respond more precisely to the needs of the customers, notably by making it possible to reduce the number of modules for the same objective, with resulting weight and space savings;
- authorizes assemblies wherein the “adjacent” modules will not necessarily be strictly contiguous although very close (less than ¾ cm apart), as for example in
FIG. 4 or 6 where there is aspace 42 between two integratedthermal barrier modules 15,23 (FIG. 4 ) or externalthermal barrier modules FIG. 6 ). Indeed, the fact of having provided a modular structure, with this barrier here PCM/VIP between twosuch modules 3 oradjacent volumes 7, in the retained lateral alignment, allows in at least one direction (here along a lateral face) to reserve thisspace 42 to circulate in a natural or forced way a fluid F which could advantageously facilitate a thermal transfer if, as recommended in the case of a “battery application” asFIGS. 4 and 6 , a face other that the side faces of thewall 5, here the bottom 29, is not only devoid of said layers 15/23 of the thermal barrier but doubled (here below) by ameans 44 of convection exchange (arrows H in different figures), natural or forced, such as a thermally conductive plate, for example metal, or at least one conduit in which an exchange fluid, such as water, would circulate to evacuate the heat provided by the layer or layers 15 made of PCM coming into contact with it, as illustrated; - helps to rationalize, at low cost, mass production, in several applications, since by providing the
thermal barrier - use a
single strip 50 of VIP pouches in the context of the integrated thermal barrier embodiment detailed hereinafter which can make it possible to produce sidewall andbottom modules 29 thus provided, asFIGS. 2,3 , - dispense with at least one
pouch 34 with VIP constitution at the end of stackFIG. 1 ;
- use a
- easily use the
strips 50 mentioned above, these strips, such as those ofFIGS. 12,15 , that can be placed laterally (axis 51) around the body of abattery cell 52, as can be imagined, each closed on themselves, seeingFIGS. 4,6,7 , to each double theirside wall 5 with thethermal barrier - possibly design independent multi-function modules, such as the pouch-type cells 100 (battery pouch Cell) of
FIGS. 10,11 . - Thus, as outlined in
FIG. 6 , aspace 42 between two thicknesses of saidsecond layer 23 interposed between twoadjacent modules 52 may make it possible to circulate, in a natural or forced manner, a fluid F in order to evacuate calories (even frigories) present in these spaces because of exchanges between modules. Eachspace 42 can therefore be connected to the respective conduits for supplying the fluid 43 a and for discharging the fluid 43 b. - From the foregoing, it shows that the thermal insulation portion formed by the
barrier 15/23, preferably with a VIP constitution, can be structurally dissociated from bothvolumes 7 and theperipheral wall 5 of each module (in the case of thecells 52 mentioned above). In the latter case thispart 15/23 will surround the wall.FIGS. 4,6,7 , outlines an independent PCM/VIP barrier resulting from aband 50 articulated in several places because the flexible sheets or films 49 (or parts of the same sheet or single film) which form theenvelope 37 are: - either in direct contact in the intermediate zones between two successive heat-insulating
pouches 19 each withPCM 15/porous material layers 23 integrated within the global vacuum space created, as inFIG. 12 or 15 ; - or filled over a few mm thick of a
deformable structure 79 may be formed by a conformable or deformable support in a polymer mesh of a few mm thick impregnated with anairgel 81, for example silica, or its pyrolate (pyrolyzed airgel, it being specified that this pyrolate alternative applies to each case of the present description in which a thermally insulating porous material is concerned), likeFIG. 12 . -
FIGS. 8,13,14 we see, among others, different ways of making aband 50, see individually apouch 19 with 15/23 material and VIP constitution of which it is favorably made. - In the two preferred embodiments proposed, each
pouch 19 comprises at least one closedouter envelope 37 which contains the first andsecond elements 15/23 and consists of at least one conformable ordeformable sheet 49 sealed to the PCM material, with: - a) either said
sheet 49 which is sealable (thermally/chemically, such as at 49 a, 49 b, around the bag) and impervious to theporous material 23 and to the air (or even to water), such that an air gap prevailing in theenvelope 37, a so-called vacuum insulating panel (VIP) is thus defined, as shown inFIGS. 7,13 ; - b) the second heat-insulating
element 23 contained inside a second closed sealable flexible envelope 53 (as above) and sealed to the porous material and to the air, such that an air space prevailing in the second envelope, a said vacuum insulating panel (VIP) is thus defined, as shown inFIGS. 8,14 . - It should be noted that two layers 15 (15 a, 15 b) containing one or more PCM materials could (as in
FIG. 7 ) be arranged on either side of the layer ofporous material 23. - Sheet(s) or film(s) 49 and 53 can typically be made in the form of a multilayer film comprising polymer films (PE and PET) and aluminium in the form of, for example, laminated (foil of about ten micrometres thick) or metallized (vacuum coating of a film of a few tens of nanometres). The metallisation can be carried out on one or both sides of a PE film and several metallised PE films can be complex to form a single film. Sample film design:
- PE internal sealing, approx. 40 μm—vacuum metallisation Al, approx. 0.04 μm—PET outer layer, approximately 60 μm.
- As already noted, comparing
FIGS. 2 and 3-7 , it should be noted that themodules 3, if formed each time, on a complete modular assembly, in a stack or line, are superimposed by theiropenings 31 and bottom 29,FIG. 2 , while they are laterally in line, side by side through part of their peripheral wallFIGS. 3-7 . - In the application “superimposed modules” for the storage-exchanger 1 (see
FIG. 2 ) is therefore not only theperipheral wall 5 but also the bottom 29 which are provided with thedouble barrier 15/23, for example with minus onestrip 50, folded in the corners, used for three sides (seeFIG. 2 in section where the diagram, rough, does not show the strip), twosingle pouches 19 for the 4th and 5th sides, the last side being open (opening 31). Conversely,FIGS. 3-4 , theband 50 may be arranged horizontally at thesingle side wall 5. And all these structures, here with VIP constitution, will be favorably embedded with asupport 55. This support will favorably be one-piece. It may be plastic, metal (stainless steel, aluminium) or composite, in particular. Molded manufacturing will be preferred. - The reference to a
peripheral side wall 5 of mouldable material covers both fibre-filled and injected thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins impregnating a mat, such as a woven or a nonwoven. -
FIG. 3 , the bottom 29 also incorporates a PCM/VIP 15/23 gate. It may be at least onepouch 19 or two flat pouches, side by side between which the passage channel(s) forelectrical connections terminals elements central space 56 delimited by the inner face of thewalls opening 31 opposite thetransverse bottom 29.FIG. 4 is instead diagrammatically the case in which the hollow interior defined by the inner face of thewalls volume 7. In this case, theelements cover 57 which closes theopening 31. The situations can be interchanged between the two figures. -
FIG. 5 , and in more detailFIG. 7 , a special feature lies in theVIP wall 23 which is common to the twoadjacent cells 52. Thus, between twoadjacent cells 52, there is at least one vacuum bag with three layers: a porous insulatinglayer 23 between two layers PCM, a priori identical. The thickness of thelayer 23 may be twice that of the dedicated layer versions of the other variants. AsFIGS. 5, 6 , a mechanicallyprotective sleeve 38 may surround the batch of cells and their individualthermal barriers 15/23. -
FIGS. 8-11 diagrammatically show another way of making a battery cell, in this case a “pouch” cellFIGS. 10-11 , while it may be prismatic cellsFIG. 9 in the previous figures. -
FIG. 8 , twoelongated pouches 19 each formed of acasing 37 are outlined, face to face. Each has two ends 49 a, 49 b ofouter films 49 welded together. It is these two pairs ofends FIGS. 9-11 to constitute a closed central space corresponding to (FIG. 9 ) to thespace 56 already present in the solution ofFIG. 3 is directly to the internal volume 7 (FIGS. 10-11 ), since thewall 49 will then be chosen to resist the electrolyte and exchanges related to the electrical production in the volume, being so necessary to double this by an ad-hoc wall.FIGS. 10,11 , note the bent outward appearance (EXT) of sealedenvelopes 37/51 flexible sheets, being specified that such a shape can result from a shortening, on each envelope, the length L1 of the inner sheet relative to the length L2 of the outer sheet, this creating a mechanical tension at the location of the end seals which hinge the envelope. - In the embodiment of
FIGS. 12, 15 , bends can therefore be made at the location of thehinge zones 21, where twosheets 49 are in direct contact with one another and which are each interposed between apouch 19 and a thermally insulatingintermediate zone 59 containing at least oneporous material 23. - At least one PCM layer may be interposed between the bottom 29 and the convective exchange means 44, the bottom 29 being able to integrate this or these layers.
-
FIG. 16 shows an alternative to the solution ofFIG. 2 : thebottoms 29 may not compriselayers wall 5 may be used, for a one-piece constitution. - Regarding
FIG. 17 , it shows in plan view a case in which themeans 44 for transferring thermal energy acts in particular by conduction, viaconduits 48 for the circulation of a fluid which, via the thermal energy transfer plate 50 (typically metal) which doubles aface 58 of the combined blocks 3 (here several adjacent cells 52), ensures the evacuation of the thermal energy supplied to this plate by the PCM layers 15. - It should be noted that such a
layer PCM 15 laterally surrounds (on the four lateral faces other than theface 58 and its opposite, see figure) all theblocks 3/52 joined together with itself doubled externally by athermal insulator 23. -
FIG. 18 outlines an alternative where the thermal energy transfer means 44, here by convection, extends all around aPCM 15 which surrounds laterally (on the four lateral faces other than the lower and upper faces here; see figure) all theblocks 3/52 together. - The means 44 for convection transfer may be an outer
plate carrying fins 46. - We equally figured in 38
FIG. 17 shows the sleeve, or more generally the envelope in one or more parts, which serves as a mechanically protective wall, or even a lateral holding means (see solution inFIG. 1 ) to the elements they surround;units 3, layers 15/23 . . . In the solution ofFIG. 18 , the outer peripheralplate carrying fins 46 can play this role, especially if the plates are joined together to form a continuous wall. - In all the above solutions, it has been noted that it is through their
peripheral walls 5 that theadjacent modules 3 would exchange more calories or frigories if thelayers 15/23 and/or the VIP envelopes were not present, thus altering their internal management.
Claims (13)
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FR1557834A FR3040210B1 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2015-08-20 | MODULAR ASSEMBLY FOR STORER OR BATTERY |
FR1557834 | 2015-08-20 | ||
PCT/FR2016/052093 WO2017029457A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 | 2016-08-19 | Modular assembly for store or battery |
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EP (1) | EP3338045A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108139176A (en) |
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RU197149U1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-02 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский политехнический университет" (Московский Политех) | Autonomous battery module based on lithium polymer batteries |
US11396415B2 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2022-07-26 | American Aerogel Corporation | Vessel assemblies for temperature control |
WO2022168025A1 (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-11 | Octopus Energy Group Limited | Energy storage arrangements and installations |
FR3131772A1 (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-14 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | MODULAR THERMAL STORAGE ASSEMBLY WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL, WHOSE MANUFACTURE IS SIMPLIFIED |
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FR3083010A1 (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-27 | Sogefi Air & Cooling | MODULAR ASSEMBLY FOR THE CIRCULATION OF A HEAT TRANSFER FLUID IN A BATTERY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
CN112585008B (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2023-08-08 | 3M创新有限公司 | Thermal insulation material and method thereof |
FR3085469B1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2022-12-16 | Hutchinson | THERMAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE WITH INTEGRATED CHANNELS |
FR3097374A1 (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-12-18 | Hutchinson | Thermally controlled box assembly, for electric cells |
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US11396415B2 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2022-07-26 | American Aerogel Corporation | Vessel assemblies for temperature control |
RU197149U1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-02 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский политехнический университет" (Московский Политех) | Autonomous battery module based on lithium polymer batteries |
WO2022168025A1 (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-11 | Octopus Energy Group Limited | Energy storage arrangements and installations |
FR3131772A1 (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-14 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | MODULAR THERMAL STORAGE ASSEMBLY WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL, WHOSE MANUFACTURE IS SIMPLIFIED |
EP4212814A1 (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-19 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Modular thermal storage assembly with phase-change material, the production of which is simplified |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108139176A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
FR3040210A1 (en) | 2017-02-24 |
EP3338045A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
WO2017029457A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
FR3040210B1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
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