Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/08—Organic materials containing halogen
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  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/10—Organic materials containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
  • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
  • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
  • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
  • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
  • C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/042—Epoxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/02—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained from monomers containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained from monomers containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
  • C10M2213/043—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained from monomers containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
  • C10M2213/0606—Perfluoro polymers used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
  • C10N2020/099—Containing Chlorofluorocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
  • C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
  • C10N2020/103—Containing Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions, uses thereof and methods for preparing the same, wherein the composition comprises a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises a halogenated polyether.
• Fluorocarbon-based compounds are currently used in a large number of commercial and industrial applications, such as propellants, blowing agents and heat transfer fluids.
• the interest in and use of fluorine-based compounds, particularly (hydro)fluoroolefins, as heat transfer fluids has increased as new refrigerants are sought.
• Dichlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-12) possesses a suitable combination of refrigerant properties and was, for many years, the most widely used refrigerant. Due to international concern that fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons, such as dichlorodifluoromethane and chlorodifluoromethane, were damaging the earth's protective ozone layer, there was general agreement that their manufacture and use should be severely restricted and eventually phased out completely. The use of dichlorodifluoromethane was phased out in the 1990's.
• Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) was introduced as a replacement for R-12 because of its lower ozone depletion potential. Following concerns that R-22 is a potent greenhouse gas, its use is also being phased out.
• R-410A and R-407 (including R-407A, R-407B and R-407C) have been introduced as a replacement refrigerant for R-22. However, R-22, R-410A and the R-407 refrigerants all have a high global warming potential (GWP, also known as greenhouse warming potential).
• GWP global warming potential
• R-134a 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
• R-12 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
• R-134a has a GWP of 1430. It would be desirable to find replacements for R-134a that have a lower GWP.
• R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane) has been identified as an alternative to R-134a. It is somewhat more efficient than R-134a and has a greenhouse warming potential of 120. However the flammability of R-152a is judged too high, for example to permit its safe use in mobile air conditioning systems. In particular its lower flammable limit in air is too low, its flame speeds are too high, and its ignition energy is too low.
• Heat transfer fluids are often used in combination with lubricants, such as in heating and refrigeration systems. Such lubricants are included in heat transfer compositions to ensure continued smooth operation of the heat transfer system.
• lubricants used in heat transfer compositions are compatible with the refrigerants in the compositions.
• the compatibility of the lubricant and the refrigerant is predicated on a number of factors, such as a desire for at least partial miscibility at part of the operating temperature range, a low tendency to degrade or react in use and appropriate viscosities for the application.
• lubricants that can be used in conjunction with heat transfer fluids, both those currently used and those proposed as replacement compositions.
• lubricants are desired that are miscible with a wide range of heat transfer fluids, possess an appropriate viscosity, do not reduce the performance of heat transfer fluids and have low flammability; all in addition to successfully functioning as a lubricant.
• Lubricants with low flammability are particularly important for heat transfer fluids that are used in automobile air-conditioning, as such compositions are in danger of coming into contact with hot metal surfaces of the engine.
• composition comprising a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises a compound according to formula (I):
• Such compounds show excellent resistance to ignition, including when exposed to hot surfaces.
• compositions described above are lubricants, for example, in heat transfer applications.
• the invention provides a composition comprising a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises a compound according to formula (I):
• Y is F or Cl, preferably F.
• W may be H, F or Cl.
• W is H.
• m is an integer from 0 to 3, preferably 0 and n is an integer from 2 to 100, for example from 5 to 20, preferably n is an integer from 10 to 20, e.g. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
• Such lubricant/heat transfer component compositions show low flammability, such as when sprayed onto hot surfaces or sprayed through a flame.
• At least one of the Z derivatives is OH.
• both Z derivatives are OH.
• At least one Z derivative may comprise a polyalkylene glycol.
• both Z derivatives may comprise a polyalkylene glycol (PAG).
• the polyalkylene glycol may be selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), and mixtures thereof.
• the PAG groups may be conjugated to the compound of formula (I) through the formation of an ester bond between a hydroxyl end-capping group of formula (I) (i.e., Z ⁇ OH) with a carboxylic acid end-capped PAG.
• the Z derivatives may, independently, be an alkyl or alkoxy group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
• both Z derivatives may be the same.
• both Z derivatives may be different.
• the weight percentage of the lubricating portion in the total composition of the invention is 1-30%, preferably 1-10%, more preferably 1-5%.
• the compound of formula (I) is a compound of formula (II):
• the compound of formula (I) is a compound of formula (III):
• the PAG group of Formula (III) is connected to the polymer backbone via an ester linkage. In another embodiment of the invention, the PAG group of Formula (III) is connected to the polymer backbone via an ether linkage.
• the composition may comprise at least two different compounds of formula (I).
• the value of n may be the same for the at least two compounds of formula (I).
• the value of n may be different for the at least two compounds of formula (I).
• the lubricating portion of the composition may have a kinematic viscosity of from about 5 to about 250 cSt at 40° C.
• the lubricating portion has a kinematic viscosity of from about 20 to about 100 cSt at 40° C., such as from about 30 to about 70 cSt, for example, from about 30 to about 60 cSt.
• the heat transfer portion comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of (hydro)fluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrocarbons.
• HFOs hydrofluoroolefins
• HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
• CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
• HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
• hydrocarbons hydrocarbons
• the heat transfer portion may comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R-1243zf), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), difluoromethane (R-32), fluoroethane (R-161), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134), propane, propylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexofluoropropane (R-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane
• the heat transfer portion comprises tetrafluoropropenes.
• the heat transfer portion comprises R-1234ze, even more preferably the heat transfer portion comprises R-1234ze(E).
• the heat transfer composition comprises R-1234yf.
• compositions of the invention are less flammable than a composition comprising the same heat transfer portion combined with a polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and/or a polyol ester (POE) based lubricant.
• PAG polyalkylene glycol
• POE polyol ester
• composition of the invention is miscible with existing polyalkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol ester and polyol ester lubricating oils.
• the compounds comprising the lubricating portion comprise carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with a ratio of oxygen to carbon sufficient to provide a degree of miscibility with the heat transfer portion, such as when the lubricating portion is added to the heat transfer portion in a proportion of from about 1 to 30 wt %, preferably 1 to 10 wt % and even more preferably 1 to 5 wt % of the total composition, the mixture has one liquid phase.
• the mixture has one liquid phase when 1 to 20 wt % of the lubricating portion is present in the composition. Even more preferably, the composition is one liquid phase regardless of the proportions of the heat transfer portion to the lubricating portion.
• This solubility or miscibility preferably exists at all normal operating temperatures.
• the solubility or miscibility exists at at least one temperature between ⁇ 100° C. and +100° C., preferably at at least one temperature between ⁇ 75° C. and +75° C. and even more preferably, at at least one temperature between ⁇ 50° C. and +50° C.
• the solubility or miscibility exists over all temperature ranges wherein the composition is in the liquid phase.
• compositions of the invention are less flammable than the heat transfer portion alone.
• the composition of the invention has a lowest temperature of ignition of about 500° C. or greater, such as 510° C., 520° C., 530° C., 540° C., 550° C., 560° C., 570° C., 580° C., 590° C., preferably about 600° C. or greater, for example 610° C., 620° C., 630° C. or 640° C.
• composition of the invention may be non-flammable.
• Flammability may be determined in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34 incorporating the ASTM Standard E-681 with test methodology as per Addendum 34p dated 2004, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the compositions of the invention may be less than about 3500, 3000, 2500 or 2000.
• the GWP may be less than 2500, 2400, 2300, 2200, 2100, 2000, 1900, 1800, 1700, 1600 or 1500.
• the GWP of the compositions of the invention preferably is less than 1400, 1300, 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600 or 500.
• compositions of the invention have zero or near zero ozone depletion.
• compositions of the invention have improved heat transfer properties than the heat transfer fluid alone.
• compounds of formula (I) may further act as heat transfer agents and therefore increase the heat transfer properties of the compositions of the invention.
• composition further comprises a stabiliser.
• the stabiliser is selected from group consisting of diene-based compounds, phosphates, phenol compounds and epoxides, and mixtures thereof.
• composition further comprises an additional flame retardant.
• the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate, (chloropropyl) phosphate, tri-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate, tri-(1,3-dichloropropyl)-phosphate, diammonium phosphate, various halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, aluminium trihydrate, polyvinyl chloride, a fluorinated iodocarbon, a fluorinated bromocarbon, trifluoro iodomethane, perfluoroalkyl amines, bromo-fluoroalkyl amines and mixtures thereof.
• the composition of the invention may be comprised within a lubricant composition in a proportion of at least 10 to 90 wt %, preferably in a proportion of 10 to 75 wt %, such as 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 wt %.
• the invention also provides a heat transfer device containing a composition of the invention and/or the use of a composition of the invention in a heat transfer device.
• the heat transfer device is a refrigeration device.
• the heat transfer device is selected from the group consisting of automotive air conditioning systems, residential air conditioning systems, commercial air conditioning systems, residential refrigerator systems, residential freezer systems, commercial refrigerator systems, commercial freezer systems, chiller air conditioning systems, chiller refrigeration systems, and commercial or residential heat pump systems.
• the heat transfer device contains a compressor.
• a method of cooling an article which comprises condensing a composition of the invention and thereafter evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article to be cooled.
• a method for heating an article which comprises condensing a composition of the invention in the vicinity of the article to be heated and thereafter evaporating the composition.
• a mechanical power generation device containing a composition of the invention.
• the mechanical power generating device is adapted to use a Rankine Cycle or modification thereof to generate work from heat.
• a method of retrofitting a heat transfer device comprising the step of removing an existing heat transfer fluid and introducing a composition of the invention.
• the heat transfer device is a refrigeration device.
• the heat transfer device is an air-conditioning system.
• compositions of the invention may be prepared by mixing one or more compounds of formula (I) with a heat transfer fluid.
• the heat transfer fluid comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of (hydro)fluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrocarbons.
• HFOs hydrofluoroolefins
• HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
• CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
• HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
• hydrocarbons hydrocarbons
• the heat transfer fluid comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of R-1234ze, R-1234yf, R-1243zf, R-134a, R-152a, R-32, R-161, R-125, R-134, propane, propylene, carbon dioxide, R-245fa, R-236fa, R-227ea, R-143a, R-1123, R-1132a, R1336mzz, n-butane, iso-butane and R-365mfc.
• the heat transfer fluid comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of R-1234ze, R-1234yf, R-1243zf, R-134a, R-152a and R-32.
• the heat transfer fluid comprises R-1234ze.
• the heat transfer fluid comprises R-1234yf.
• composition of the invention may be used as a heat transfer agent.
• compositions of the invention when used as a heat transfer agent, may comprise at least two compounds according to formula (I).
• compositions of the inventions may be used as lubricants.
• the lubricant composition may comprise at least two compounds according to formula (I).
• a compound according to the invention was synthesised by the following method.
• a 450 mL Parr reactor was placed in an inert atmosphere inside a glove-box and 150 mL of 1,2-dimethoxyethane was added.
• 50 g (0.45 mol) of 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene oxide was then added along with 1.3 g (0.012 mol) of potassium tert-butoxide.
• the reactor was then sealed, removed from the glove-box and connected to a stirrer.
• the reactor contents were then stirred and heated to 90° C. for 5 days.
• the contents were then cooled and quenched with 200 mL of water.
• the resulting polytrifluoropropylene oxide (PTFO) was extracted with diethyl ether and dried over a rotary evaporator.
• the PTFO was tested to assess its flammability and/or combustibility alone and mixed with fluorocarbon refrigerant compositions. It was found that the fluorinated species exhibited elevated combustion temperature compared to commercially available polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and polyol ester (POE) lubricant materials.
• PAG polyalkylene glycol
• POE polyol ester
• Example 676 No sustained ignition found, though some brief flame flashes were observed on hot surface Comparative 438 443 Immediate ignition; Example 1 burning liquid collected Comparative 462 467 Immediate ignition; Example 2 burning liquid collected Comparative 628 633 Immediate ignition; Example 3 gas above tray also ignited by droplets
• a molecule for example HFO-1234ze
• HFO-1234ze may take the form of E and Z isomers
• the general disclosure of that molecule is intended to refer equally to both the E and Z isomers.

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• 2015
  • 2015-12-07 GB GBGB1521507.2A patent/GB201521507D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2016
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