US20180299209A1 - Fin heat exchanger comprising improved louvres - Google Patents

Fin heat exchanger comprising improved louvres Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180299209A1
US20180299209A1 US15/745,585 US201615745585A US2018299209A1 US 20180299209 A1 US20180299209 A1 US 20180299209A1 US 201615745585 A US201615745585 A US 201615745585A US 2018299209 A1 US2018299209 A1 US 2018299209A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
edge
row
blade
tubes
louvers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/745,585
Inventor
Erwan Etienne
Patrick Boisselle
Samuel Bry
Nicolas FRANCOIS
Christophe Lenormand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of US20180299209A1 publication Critical patent/US20180299209A1/en
Assigned to VALEO SYSTEMES THERMIQUES reassignment VALEO SYSTEMES THERMIQUES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ETIENNE, Erwan, BOISSELLE, PATRICK, BRY, Samuel, FRANCOIS, Nicolas, LENORMAND, Christophe
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F28F1/325—Fins with openings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to the tubes for a mechanical heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger generally comprises tubes, through which a heat transfer fluid is intended to flow, and heat exchange elements connected to these tubes.
  • brazed heat exchangers and mechanical heat exchangers depending on the method for manufacturing them.
  • the heat exchange elements In a mechanical heat exchanger, the heat exchange elements, referred to as “fins” in this case, are connected to the tubes in the following way. First of all, through-holes for the tubes to pass through are made in the fins. These through-holes are generally each delimited by a raised edge forming a neck. Next, the fins are disposed substantially parallel to one another and each tube is inserted into a series of aligned holes in the fins. Finally, a radial expansion of the tubes is brought about by passing an expansion tool through the inside of these tubes so as to mechanically join the tubes and the fins by crimping, the necks delimiting the through-holes for the tubes then forming collars clamped around the tubes.
  • Such heat exchangers are passed through by an air flow, the fins extending across the flow.
  • each louver comprises a blade provided with a free edge and a connecting edge that connects the louver to the fin.
  • the louvers are arranged in two successive groups of louvers in the row.
  • the free edge of the blades forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge forming the downstream edge.
  • the connecting edge of the blades of the louvers forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge forming the downstream edge.
  • the aim of the invention is to improve the performance of the heat exchanger by choosing a configuration of the louvers which makes it possible to limit the occurrence of these ineffective regions.
  • the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger comprising:
  • the connecting edge of the blade of at least the first louver in the row forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blade forming the downstream edge.
  • the heat exchange has only one row of tubes, and the connecting edges of all the blades in the row form an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blades forming the downstream edge.
  • the free edge of at least the blade in the row forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge of this blade forming the downstream edge.
  • the row of louvers comprises two groups of louvers, the louvers of the second group following the louvers of the first group in the row of louvers, the connecting edge of the blades of the first group forming the upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blades of the first group forming the downstream edge, and the free edge of the blades of the second group forming the upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge of the blades of the second group forming the downstream edge.
  • the two groups of louvers comprise equal numbers of louvers.
  • the free edge of the blade of the last louver of the first group is connected to the free edge of the blade of the first louver of the second group by a joining blade that forms a bridge substantially parallel to the surface of the fin.
  • the dimension of the joining blade between the free edge of the blade of the last louver of the first group and the free edge of the blade of the first louver of the second group is less than 3 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fin of a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fin of a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a mechanical heat exchanger 1 intended to equip a motor vehicle.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a row of tubes 2 (shown in a truncated manner for reasons of clarity in FIGS. 1 and 2 ), through which a conventional heat transfer fluid is intended to flow, and fins 4 (only one of which is shown for reasons of clarity) connected to these tubes 2 .
  • the tubes 2 are connected to the fins 4 by clamping the tubes in collars 6 formed in the fins 4 .
  • the fins 4 are provided with through-holes 8 for the tubes to pass through. These through-holes 8 have an oblong overall shape.
  • the tubes 2 each have an elongate overall shape and have a substantially oblong cross section.
  • the tubes 2 are arranged substantially parallel to one another, so as to form a single row.
  • the fins 4 have a substantially flat rectangular overall shape and are arranged in the heat exchanger 1 in a manner substantially parallel to one another and perpendicular to the longitudinal directions of the tubes 2 .
  • the fins 4 are intended to extend across an air flow from upstream to downstream, itself passing through the heat exchanger. Arrows F indicate the direction of travel of the flow.
  • the heat exchanger 1 also comprises rows 10 of louvers 12 , which are formed in each fin 4 and are each interposed between two tubes 2 .
  • Each louver 12 comprises a blade 14 comprising a free edge 16 and a connecting edge 18 that connects the louver 12 to the fin 4 .
  • the connecting edge 18 of the blade 14 of at least the first louver 12 in the row 10 forms an upstream edge with respect to the flow F, the free edge 16 of the blade 14 forming the downstream edge.
  • the connecting edges 18 of all the blades 14 in the row 10 form an upstream edge with respect to the air flow F, the free edge 16 of the blades 14 forming the downstream edge.
  • the free edge 16 of at least the last blade 14 in the row 10 forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow F, the connecting edge 18 thereof forming the downstream edge.
  • the row 10 comprises two groups of louvers 12 , preferably comprising equal numbers of louvers 12 , the louvers 12 of the second group following the louvers of the first group in the row 10 of louvers.
  • the row 10 is formed of fourteen louvers 12 that are distributed in two groups of seven louvers 12 , disposed on either side of a joining blade 20 that connects the free edge 16 of the last blade 14 of the first group to the free edge 16 of the first blade 14 of the second group.
  • the connecting edge 18 of each blade 14 forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow F and the free edge 16 forms the downstream edge.
  • each blade 14 forms the upstream edge with respect to the air flow F, and the connecting edge 18 forms the downstream edge.
  • the joining blade 20 forms a bridge substantially parallel to the surface of the fin 4 between the two groups of the row 10 .
  • substantially parallel is understood as meaning that the bridge is situated in a plane offset with respect to the surface of the fin.
  • the dimension of the joining blade 22 between the free edge 16 of the blade 14 of the last louver 12 of the first group and the free edge 16 of the blade 14 of the first louver 12 of the second group is less than 3 mm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising:
    • at least one fin (4);
    • at least one row of tubes (2), the tubes being connected to the fin (4) by clamping the tubes (2) in a collar (6) formed in the fin (4); and
    • at least one row (10) of louvers (12), said row (10) being formed in the fin (4) and interposed between two tubes (2) in the row of tubes, each louver (12) comprising a blade (14) provided with a free edge (16) and a connecting edge (18) connecting the louver (12) to the fin (4).
The connecting edge (18) of the blade (14) of at least the first louver (12) in the row (10) forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge (16) of the blade (14) forming the downstream edge.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to the tubes for a mechanical heat exchanger.
  • A heat exchanger generally comprises tubes, through which a heat transfer fluid is intended to flow, and heat exchange elements connected to these tubes.
  • A distinction is usually made between brazed heat exchangers and mechanical heat exchangers depending on the method for manufacturing them.
  • In a mechanical heat exchanger, the heat exchange elements, referred to as “fins” in this case, are connected to the tubes in the following way. First of all, through-holes for the tubes to pass through are made in the fins. These through-holes are generally each delimited by a raised edge forming a neck. Next, the fins are disposed substantially parallel to one another and each tube is inserted into a series of aligned holes in the fins. Finally, a radial expansion of the tubes is brought about by passing an expansion tool through the inside of these tubes so as to mechanically join the tubes and the fins by crimping, the necks delimiting the through-holes for the tubes then forming collars clamped around the tubes.
  • Such heat exchangers are passed through by an air flow, the fins extending across the flow.
  • In order to increase the heat exchange between the fins and the air flow, deflectors formed of rows of louvers are usually provided on the fins, the rows being interposed between the tubes in one and the same row of tubes. Generally, each louver comprises a blade provided with a free edge and a connecting edge that connects the louver to the fin.
  • In the prior art, the louvers are arranged in two successive groups of louvers in the row. For the louvers of the first group, to which the first louver of the row belongs, the free edge of the blades forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge forming the downstream edge. By contrast, for the louvers of the second group, to which the last louver of the row belongs, the connecting edge of the blades of the louvers forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge forming the downstream edge.
  • It has been found that this configuration has the effect of creating ineffective regions upon contact with louvers, in which the flow of air is braked, and so the heat exchange between the fin and the air flow is reduced.
  • The aim of the invention is to improve the performance of the heat exchanger by choosing a configuration of the louvers which makes it possible to limit the occurrence of these ineffective regions.
  • To this end, the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger comprising:
      • at least one row of tubes,
      • at least one fin disposed transversely to said row of tubes; the tubes being connected to the fin by clamping the tubes in a collar formed in the fin; and
      • at least one row of louvers, said row being formed in the fin and interposed between two tubes in the row of tubes, each louver comprising a blade provided with a free edge and a connecting edge connecting the louver to the fin,
  • characterized in that the connecting edge of the blade of at least the first louver in the row forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blade forming the downstream edge.
  • It has been found, surprisingly, that the configuration in which the connecting edge of the blade of at least the first louver forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow passing through the fin and its free edge forms the downstream edge makes the air flow passing through the louvers less turbulent. This has the effect of limiting the occurrence of ineffective regions, and thus of increasing the heat exchange between the louvers and the air flow.
  • In this regard, tests have revealed an increase in the heat exchange of 3% for an equivalent pressure drop compared with the configurations of the prior art.
  • According to a first embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange has only one row of tubes, and the connecting edges of all the blades in the row form an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blades forming the downstream edge.
  • According to a second embodiment of the invention, the free edge of at least the blade in the row forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge of this blade forming the downstream edge.
  • According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the row of louvers comprises two groups of louvers, the louvers of the second group following the louvers of the first group in the row of louvers, the connecting edge of the blades of the first group forming the upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blades of the first group forming the downstream edge, and the free edge of the blades of the second group forming the upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge of the blades of the second group forming the downstream edge.
  • According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the two groups of louvers comprise equal numbers of louvers.
  • According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the free edge of the blade of the last louver of the first group is connected to the free edge of the blade of the first louver of the second group by a joining blade that forms a bridge substantially parallel to the surface of the fin.
  • According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the dimension of the joining blade between the free edge of the blade of the last louver of the first group and the free edge of the blade of the first louver of the second group is less than 3 mm.
  • The invention will be understood better from reading the following description, which is given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fin of a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fin of a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a mechanical heat exchanger 1 intended to equip a motor vehicle.
  • The heat exchanger comprises a row of tubes 2 (shown in a truncated manner for reasons of clarity in FIGS. 1 and 2), through which a conventional heat transfer fluid is intended to flow, and fins 4 (only one of which is shown for reasons of clarity) connected to these tubes 2.
  • The tubes 2 are connected to the fins 4 by clamping the tubes in collars 6 formed in the fins 4. To this end, the fins 4 are provided with through-holes 8 for the tubes to pass through. These through-holes 8 have an oblong overall shape.
  • In the example described, the tubes 2 each have an elongate overall shape and have a substantially oblong cross section. The tubes 2 are arranged substantially parallel to one another, so as to form a single row.
  • The fins 4 have a substantially flat rectangular overall shape and are arranged in the heat exchanger 1 in a manner substantially parallel to one another and perpendicular to the longitudinal directions of the tubes 2.
  • The fins 4 are intended to extend across an air flow from upstream to downstream, itself passing through the heat exchanger. Arrows F indicate the direction of travel of the flow.
  • In order to increase the heat exchange between the flow F and the fins 4, the heat exchanger 1 also comprises rows 10 of louvers 12, which are formed in each fin 4 and are each interposed between two tubes 2.
  • Each louver 12 comprises a blade 14 comprising a free edge 16 and a connecting edge 18 that connects the louver 12 to the fin 4.
  • In the two embodiments according to the invention, which are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the connecting edge 18 of the blade 14 of at least the first louver 12 in the row 10 forms an upstream edge with respect to the flow F, the free edge 16 of the blade 14 forming the downstream edge.
  • More particularly, in the first embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, the connecting edges 18 of all the blades 14 in the row 10 form an upstream edge with respect to the air flow F, the free edge 16 of the blades 14 forming the downstream edge.
  • In the second embodiment according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2, the free edge 16 of at least the last blade 14 in the row 10 forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow F, the connecting edge 18 thereof forming the downstream edge.
  • More particularly, in this second embodiment, the row 10 comprises two groups of louvers 12, preferably comprising equal numbers of louvers 12, the louvers 12 of the second group following the louvers of the first group in the row 10 of louvers.
  • In the example shown in FIG. 2, the row 10 is formed of fourteen louvers 12 that are distributed in two groups of seven louvers 12, disposed on either side of a joining blade 20 that connects the free edge 16 of the last blade 14 of the first group to the free edge 16 of the first blade 14 of the second group.
  • For all the louvers 12 of the first group, the connecting edge 18 of each blade 14 forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow F and the free edge 16 forms the downstream edge.
  • By contrast, for the louvers 12 of the second group, the free edge 16 of each blade 14 forms the upstream edge with respect to the air flow F, and the connecting edge 18 forms the downstream edge.
  • The joining blade 20 forms a bridge substantially parallel to the surface of the fin 4 between the two groups of the row 10. Substantially parallel is understood as meaning that the bridge is situated in a plane offset with respect to the surface of the fin. Preferably, the dimension of the joining blade 22 between the free edge 16 of the blade 14 of the last louver 12 of the first group and the free edge 16 of the blade 14 of the first louver 12 of the second group is less than 3 mm.
  • The invention is not limited to the embodiments presented, and further embodiments will be clearly apparent to a person skilled in the art.
  • In particular, a combination of the different embodiments can be envisioned in order to obtain the desired effects.

Claims (7)

1. A heat exchanger comprising:
at least one row of tubes;
at least one fin disposed transversely to said row of tubes, the tubes being connected to the fin by clamping the tubes in a collar formed in the fin; and
at least one row of louvers, said row being formed in the fin and interposed between two tubes in the row of tubes, each louver comprising a blade provided with a free edge and a connecting edge connecting the louver to the fin,
wherein the connecting edge of the blade of at least the first louver in the row forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blade forming the downstream edge.
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger has only one row of tubes, and wherein the connecting edges of all the blades in the row form an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blades forming the downstream edge.
3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free edge of at least the last blade in the row forms an upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge of this last blade forming the downstream edge.
4. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, wherein the row of louvers comprises two groups of louvers, the louvers of the second group following the louvers of the first group in the row of louvers, the connecting edge of the blades of the first group forming the upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the free edge of the blades of the first group forming the downstream edge, and the free edge of the blades of the second group forming the upstream edge with respect to the air flow, the connecting edge of the blades of the second group forming the downstream edge.
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4, wherein the two groups of louvers comprise equal numbers of louvers.
6. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4, wherein the free edge of the blade of the last louver of the first group is connected to the free edge of the blade of the first louver of the second group by a joining blade that forms a bridge substantially parallel to the surface of the fin.
7. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 6, wherein the dimension of the joining blade between the free edge of the blade of the last louver of the first group and the free edge of the blade of the first louver of the second group is less than 3 mm.
US15/745,585 2015-07-17 2016-07-06 Fin heat exchanger comprising improved louvres Abandoned US20180299209A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1556759A FR3038976B1 (en) 2015-07-17 2015-07-17 HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FINS COMPRISING IMPROVED PERSIANS
FR1556759 2015-07-17
PCT/EP2016/065922 WO2017012868A1 (en) 2015-07-17 2016-07-06 Fin heat exchanger comprising improved louvres

Publications (1)

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US20180299209A1 true US20180299209A1 (en) 2018-10-18

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US15/745,585 Abandoned US20180299209A1 (en) 2015-07-17 2016-07-06 Fin heat exchanger comprising improved louvres

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US20180299209A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3325910B1 (en)
CN (1) CN108431537A (en)
BR (1) BR112018000879A2 (en)
FR (1) FR3038976B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2018000659A (en)
WO (1) WO2017012868A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11293702B2 (en) * 2018-12-26 2022-04-05 Noritz Corporation Heat exchanger and hot water apparatus
US11384997B2 (en) * 2018-06-13 2022-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat exchanger, heat exchanger unit, and refrigeration cycle apparatus

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US4705105A (en) * 1986-05-06 1987-11-10 Whirlpool Corporation Locally inverted fin for an air conditioner
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US5099914A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-03-31 Nordyne, Inc. Louvered heat exchanger fin stock
US5109919A (en) * 1988-06-29 1992-05-05 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Heat exchanger
US5207270A (en) * 1990-10-22 1993-05-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Fin-tube heat exchanger
US5509469A (en) * 1994-04-19 1996-04-23 Inter-City Products Corporation (Usa) Interrupted fin for heat exchanger
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US20050016718A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-27 Papapanu Steven James Fin-and-tube type heat exchanger
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US4328861A (en) * 1979-06-21 1982-05-11 Borg-Warner Corporation Louvred fins for heat exchangers
US4434844A (en) * 1981-05-15 1984-03-06 Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Cross-fin coil type heat exchanger
US4705105A (en) * 1986-05-06 1987-11-10 Whirlpool Corporation Locally inverted fin for an air conditioner
US4709753A (en) * 1986-09-08 1987-12-01 Nordyne, Inc. Uni-directional fin-and-tube heat exchanger
US5109919A (en) * 1988-06-29 1992-05-05 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Heat exchanger
US5099914A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-03-31 Nordyne, Inc. Louvered heat exchanger fin stock
US5207270A (en) * 1990-10-22 1993-05-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Fin-tube heat exchanger
US5582244A (en) * 1994-02-16 1996-12-10 Behr Gmbh & Co. Fin for a heat exchanger
US5509469A (en) * 1994-04-19 1996-04-23 Inter-City Products Corporation (Usa) Interrupted fin for heat exchanger
US5722485A (en) * 1994-11-17 1998-03-03 Lennox Industries Inc. Louvered fin heat exchanger
US5692561A (en) * 1995-01-23 1997-12-02 Lg Electronics, Inc. Fin tube heat exchanger having inclined slats
US5775413A (en) * 1995-09-14 1998-07-07 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger having corrugated fins and air conditioner having the same
US5732768A (en) * 1996-02-26 1998-03-31 Magneti Marelli Climatizzazione S.R.L Condenser for air-conditioning systems for vehicles
US5947194A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-09-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger fins of an air conditioner
US5752567A (en) * 1996-12-04 1998-05-19 York International Corporation Heat exchanger fin structure
US5975199A (en) * 1996-12-30 1999-11-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Cooling fin for heat exchanger
US7578339B2 (en) * 2003-05-23 2009-08-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Heat exchanger of plate fin and tube type
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US7182127B2 (en) * 2003-09-02 2007-02-27 Lg Electronics Inc. Heat exchanger
US8267160B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2012-09-18 Trane International Inc. Louvered plate fin
US8978743B2 (en) * 2009-09-16 2015-03-17 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Fin tube heat exchanger
USD800282S1 (en) * 2016-03-03 2017-10-17 Lennox Industries Inc. Heat exchanger fin

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11384997B2 (en) * 2018-06-13 2022-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat exchanger, heat exchanger unit, and refrigeration cycle apparatus
US11293702B2 (en) * 2018-12-26 2022-04-05 Noritz Corporation Heat exchanger and hot water apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3325910B1 (en) 2021-08-11
EP3325910A1 (en) 2018-05-30
WO2017012868A1 (en) 2017-01-26
CN108431537A (en) 2018-08-21
BR112018000879A2 (en) 2018-09-11
FR3038976B1 (en) 2019-08-09
MX2018000659A (en) 2018-09-06
FR3038976A1 (en) 2017-01-20

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