US20180264735A1 - Generating three-dimensional objects - Google Patents

Generating three-dimensional objects Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20180264735A1
US20180264735A1 US15/542,285 US201515542285A US2018264735A1 US 20180264735 A1 US20180264735 A1 US 20180264735A1 US 201515542285 A US201515542285 A US 201515542285A US 2018264735 A1 US2018264735 A1 US 2018264735A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
build material
layer
defect
distributor
examples
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/542,285
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Xavier VILAJOSANA
Sebastia Cortes
Alejandro Manuel De Pena
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
Original Assignee
Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hewlett Packard Development Co LP filed Critical Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
Assigned to HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P. reassignment HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HP PRINTING AND COMPUTING SOLUTIONS, S.L.U.
Publication of US20180264735A1 publication Critical patent/US20180264735A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B22F3/1055—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/01—Other methods of shaping glass by progressive fusion or sintering of powdered glass onto a shaping substrate, i.e. accretion, e.g. plasma oxidation deposition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/35—Cleaning

Definitions

  • Additive manufacturing systems that generate three-dimensional objects on a layer-by-layer basis have been proposed as a potentially convenient way to produce three-dimensional objects.
  • the quality of objects produced by such systems may vary widely depending on the type of additive manufacturing technology used.
  • FIG. 1 a illustrates a system for generating a three-dimensional object according to some examples
  • FIG. 1 b is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to some examples
  • FIG. 1 c is a block diagram illustrating a non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to some examples
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating a three-dimensional object according to some examples
  • FIGS. 4 a - h show a series of cross-sectional side views of layers of build material according to some examples.
  • FIGS. 5 a - d , 6 a - e , and 7 a - c show a series of cross-sectional side views of layers of build material and build material distributors in which corrective actions are performed according to some examples.
  • Some additive manufacturing systems generate three-dimensional objects through the solidification of portions of successive layers of build material, such as a powdered, liquid, or fluidic build material.
  • the properties of generated objects may be dependent on the type of build material and the type of solidification mechanism used.
  • solidification may be achieved using a binder agent which binds and solidifies build material into a binder matrix, which is a mixture of generally separate particles or masses of build material that are adhesively bound together by a binder agent.
  • solidification may be achieved by temporary application of energy to the build material.
  • coalescing agent which is a material that, when a suitable amount of energy is applied to a combination of build material and coalescing agent, may cause the build material to coalesce and solidify.
  • a multiple agent additive manufacturing system may be used such as that described in PCT Application No. PCT/EP2014/050841 filed on Jan. 16, 2014, entitled “GENERATING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT”, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • coalescence modifier agent may also be selectively delivered to layers of build material.
  • a coalescence modifier agent may serve to modify the degree of coalescence of a portion of build material on which the coalescence modifier agent has been delivered or has penetrated.
  • other methods of solidification may be used, for example selective laser sintering (SLS), light polymerization, among others.
  • SLS selective laser sintering
  • the examples described herein may be used with any of the above additive manufacturing systems and suitable adaptations thereof.
  • build material may experience a defect, e.g. during the build process.
  • Build material experiencing a defect means that the build material has an unintended configuration or shape.
  • the build material in a delivered layer may include an accumulation (e.g. a presence of build material in a volume not intended to include build material) or a hole (e.g. an absence of build material in a volume intended to include build material), or the build material distributor may include an accumulation of build material. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides examples for correcting a defect or preventing a component of the system from impacting a defect.
  • FIG. 1 a is a block diagram illustrating a system 100 of generating a three-dimensional object according to some examples.
  • a sensor 102 may be to detect a height profile of build material for generating the three-dimensional object.
  • a controller 104 may be to determine 106 that a defect of the build material exists based on data received from the sensor and relating to the height profile of the build material.
  • the controller may be to instruct 108 the system to correct the defect or to prevent the defect from impacting a component of the system.
  • the controller may be to control 110 the system to selectively solidify a portion of a layer of the build material delivered by a build material distributor.
  • FIG. 1 b is a flow diagram illustrating a method 120 according to some examples.
  • a sensor may detect a shape or configuration of build material for generating a three-dimensional object.
  • a controller may determine that a defect of the build material exists based on the detected shape or configuration of the build material.
  • a build material distributor may deliver a layer of build material. The layer of build material may be selectively solidifiable by delivery of agent or by application of energy thereto.
  • the defect may be corrected or prevented from impacting a component of the system.
  • FIG. 1 c is a block diagram illustrating a non-transitory computer readable storage medium 140 according to some examples.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium 140 may include executable instructions 142 that, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to control a ranging sensor to detect a height profile of build material for generating a three-dimensional object.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium 140 may include executable instructions 144 that, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to receive data relating to the detected height profile of the build material from the ranging sensor.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium 140 may include executable instructions 146 that, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to, based on the received data, determine that the build material includes an accumulation or a hole.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium 140 may include executable instructions 148 that, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to control a system for generating the three-dimensional object to correct the accumulation or the hole or control the system to prevent the accumulation from impacting a component of the system.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium 140 may include executable instructions 150 that, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to control the system to selectively solidify a portion of a layer of the build material delivered by a build material distributor.
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified isometric illustration of an additive manufacturing system 200 according to some examples.
  • the system 200 may be operated, as described further below with reference to the flow diagram of FIG. 3 to generate a three-dimensional object.
  • the build material may be a powder-based build material.
  • powder-based materials is intended to encompass both dry and wet powder-based materials, particulate materials, granular, and fluidic materials.
  • the build material may include a mixture of air and solid polymer particles, for example at a ratio of about 40% air and about 60% solid polymer particles.
  • One suitable material may be Nylon 12 , which is available, for example, from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
  • Another suitable Nylon 12 material may be PA 2200 which is available from Electro Optical Systems EOS GmbH.
  • the controller 210 may include a processor 212 for executing instructions that may implement the methods described herein.
  • the processor 212 may, for example, be a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable gate array, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a computer processor, or the like.
  • the processor 212 may, for example, include multiple cores on a chip, multiple cores across multiple chips, multiple cores across multiple devices, or combinations thereof.
  • the processor 212 may include at least one Integrated circuit (IC), other control logic, other electronic circuits, or combinations thereof.
  • IC Integrated circuit
  • the controller 210 may support direct user interaction.
  • the additive manufacturing system 200 may include user input devices coupled to the processor 212 , such as a keyboard, touchpad, buttons, keypad, dials, mouse, track-ball, card reader, or other input devices.
  • the additive manufacturing system 200 may include output devices coupled to the processor 212 , such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), video monitor, touch screen display, a light-emitting diode (LED), or other output devices.
  • the output devices may be responsive to instructions to display textual information or graphical data.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 216 may store, encode, or carry computer executable instructions 218 that, when executed by the processor 212 , may cause the processor 212 to perform any of the methods or operations disclosed herein according to various examples.
  • the controller 210 may not include a computer-readable storage medium 216 , and the processor may comprise circuitry to perform any of the methods or operations disclosed herein without executing separate instructions in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the system 200 may include a coalescing agent distributor 202 to selectively deliver coalescing agent to successive layers of build material provided on a support member 204 .
  • a suitable coalescing agent may be an ink-type formulation comprising carbon black, such as, for example, the ink formulation commercially known as CM997A available from Hewlett-Packard Company.
  • CM997A the ink formulation commercially known as CM997A available from Hewlett-Packard Company.
  • such an ink may additionally comprise an infra-red light absorber.
  • a near infra-red light absorber In one example such an ink may additionally comprise a visible light absorber.
  • such an ink may additionally comprise a UV light absorber.
  • inks comprising visible light enhancers are dye based colored ink and pigment based colored ink, such as inks commercially known as CM993A and CE042A available from Hewlett-Packard Company.
  • the controller 210 may control the selective delivery of coalescing agent to a layer of provided build material in accordance with the instructions 218 .
  • the agent distributor 202 may be a printhead, such as a thermal inkjet printhead or a piezo inkjet printhead.
  • the printhead may have arrays of nozzles.
  • printheads such as those commonly used in commercially available inkjet printers may be used.
  • the agents may be delivered through spray nozzles rather than through printheads. Other delivery mechanisms may be used as well.
  • the agent distributor 202 may be used to selectively deliver, e.g. deposit, coalescing agent when in the form of suitable fluids such as a liquid.
  • the coalescing agent distributor 202 may include a supply of coalescing agent or may be connectable to a separate supply of coalescing agent.
  • the agent distributor 202 may be used to selectively deliver, e.g. deposit, coalescing agent when in the form of a suitable fluid such as liquid.
  • the agent distributor 202 may have an array of nozzles through which the agent distributor 202 is able to selectively eject drops of fluid.
  • each drop may be in the order of about 10 Pico liters (pi) per drop, although in other examples the agent distributor 202 is able to deliver a higher or lower drop size. In some examples the agent distributor 202 is able to deliver variable size drops.
  • the coalescing agent may comprise a liquid carrier, such as water or any other suitable solvent or dispersant, to enable it to be delivered via a printhead.
  • a liquid carrier such as water or any other suitable solvent or dispersant
  • the printheads may be drop-on-demand printhead. In other examples the printhead may be continuous drop printhead.
  • the agent distributor 202 may be an integral part of the system 200 .
  • the agent distributor 202 may be user replaceable, in which case they may be removably insertable into a suitable agent distributor receiver or interface module of the system 200 .
  • the agent distributor 202 may have a length that enables it to span the whole width of the support member 204 in a so-called page-wide array configuration. In one example this may be achieved through a suitable arrangement of multiple printheads. In other examples a single printhead having an array of nozzles having a length to enable them to span the width of the support member 204 may be used. In other examples, the agent distributor 202 may have a shorter length that does not enable it to span the whole width of the support member 204 .
  • the agent distributor 202 may be mounted on a moveable carriage to enable it to move bi-directionally across the length of the support 204 along the illustrated y-axis. This enables selective delivery of coalescing agent across the whole width and length of the support 204 in a single pass.
  • the agent distributor 202 may be fixed, and the support member 204 may move relative to the agent distributor 202 .
  • agent distributors may be fixed, and the support member 204 may move relative to the agent distributors.
  • width used herein is used to generally denote the shortest dimension in the plane parallel to the x and y axes illustrated in FIG. 2
  • length used herein is used to generally denote the longest dimension in this plane.
  • the term ‘width’ may be interchangeable with the term ‘length’.
  • the agent distributor 202 may have a length that enables them to span the whole length of the support member 204 whilst the moveable carriage may move bi-directionally across the width of the support member 204 .
  • the agent distributor 202 does not have a length that enables it to span the whole width of the support member but are additionally movable bi-directionally across the width of the support member 204 in the illustrated x-axis.
  • This configuration enables selective delivery of coalescing agent across the whole width and length of the support 204 using multiple passes.
  • Other configurations, however, such as a page-wide array configuration, may enable three-dimensional objects to be created faster.
  • the system 200 may further comprise a build material distributor 224 to provide, e.g. deliver and/or deposit, successive layers of build material on the support member 204 .
  • Suitable build material distributors 224 may include, for example, a wiper blade and a roller.
  • Build material may be supplied to the build material distributor 224 from a hopper or build material store. In the example shown the build material distributor 224 moves across the width (x-axis) of the support member 204 to deposit a layer of build material. As previously described, a layer of build material will be deposited on the support member 204 , whereas subsequent layers of build material will be deposited on a previously deposited layer of build material.
  • the build material distributor 224 may be a fixed part of the system 200 , or may not be a fixed part of the system 200 , instead being, for example, a part of a removable module. In some examples, the build material distributor 224 may be mounted on a carriage.
  • the thickness of each layer may have a value selected from the range of between about 50 to about 300 microns, or about 90 to about 110 microns, or about 250 microns, although in other examples thinner or thicker layers of build material may be provided.
  • the thickness may be controlled by the controller 210 , for example based on the instructions 218 .
  • the support 204 is moveable in the z-axis such that as new layers of build material are deposited a predetermined gap is maintained between the surface of the most recently deposited layer of build material and lower surface of the agent distributor 202 .
  • the support 204 may not be movable in the z-axis and the agent distributor 202 may be movable in the z-axis.
  • the system 200 may include a cleaning station 236 for the build material distributor 224 .
  • the build material distributor 224 may movable across the x-axis to be stationed at the cleaning station 236 which may include any suitable components for cleaning accumulated build material off of the build material distributor 224 .
  • the cleaning station may include automated cleaning components for automatic cleaning, or manual cleaning components for a user to use for manual cleaning.
  • the cleaning station 236 may include a fabric on which the build material distributor (e.g. a roller) rolls to release an accumulation.
  • the cleaning station 236 may include brushes, vibrating tools, or any other suitable components.
  • the system 200 may include a leveling tool 234 to cause build material on the support member 204 .
  • the leveling tool 234 may be to vibrate the support member 204 to cause leveling.
  • the leveling tool 234 may be to tilt the support members 204 in cycles of opposing directions until the build material is sufficiently leveled (e.g. the leveling tool 234 may be an Archimedes' screw to cause the tilting). Other types of leveling tools may be used as well.
  • the system 200 may additionally include an energy source 226 to apply energy to build material to cause the solidification of portions of the build material according to where coalescing agent has been delivered or has penetrated.
  • the energy source 226 is an infra-red (IR) radiation source, near infra-red radiation source, halogen radiation source, or a light emitting diode.
  • the energy source 226 may be a single energy source that is able to uniformly apply energy to build material deposited on the support 204 ,
  • the energy source 226 may comprise an array of energy sources.
  • the energy source 226 may be to apply energy in a substantially uniform manner to a portion of the whole surface of a layer of build material.
  • the energy source 226 may be to apply energy to a strip of the whole surface of a layer of build material.
  • the energy source may be moved or scanned across the layer of build material, e.g. along the x-axis, such that a substantially equal amount of energy is ultimately applied across the whole surface of a layer of build material.
  • the energy source 226 may be to apply energy in a substantially uniform manner to the whole surface of a layer of build material. In these examples the energy source 226 may be said to be an unfocused energy source. In these examples, a whole layer may have energy applied thereto simultaneously, which may help increase the speed at which a three-dimensional object may be generated.
  • the energy source 226 may be mounted on the moveable carriage, for example the same carriage on which the build material distributor 224 is mounted.
  • the energy source 226 may apply a variable amount of energy as it is moved across the layer of build material, for example in accordance with instructions 218 ,
  • the controller 210 may control the energy source only to apply energy to portions of build material on which coalescing agent has been applied.
  • the energy source 226 may be a focused energy source, such as a laser beam.
  • the laser beam may be controlled to scan across the whole or a portion of a layer of build material.
  • the laser beam may be controlled to scan across a layer of build material in accordance with agent delivery control data, For example, the laser beam may be controlled to apply energy to those portions of a layer of on which coalescing agent is delivered.
  • the combination of the energy supplied, the build material, and the coalescing agent may be selected such that, excluding the effects of any coalescence bleed: i) portions of the build material on which no coalescing agent have been delivered do not coalesce when energy is temporarily applied thereto; ii) portions of the build material on which only coalescing agent has been delivered or has penetrated coalesce when energy is temporarily applied thereto do coalesce.
  • the system 200 may additionally include a heater 230 to emit heat to maintain build material deposited on the support 204 within a predetermined temperature range.
  • the heater 230 may have any suitable configuration.
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified isometric illustration of a heater 230 for an additive manufacturing system according to some examples.
  • the heater 230 may have an array of heating units 232 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the heating units 232 may be each be any suitable heating unit, for example a heat lamp such as an infra-red lamp.
  • the heating units 232 may have any suitable shapes or configurations such as rectangular as shown in FIG. 2 . In other examples they may be circular, rod shaped, or bulb shaped, for example.
  • the configuration may be optimized to provide a homogeneous heat distribution toward the area spanned by the build material.
  • Each heating unit 232 or groups of heating units 232 , may have an adjustable current or voltage supply to variably control the local energy density applied to the build material surface.
  • Each heating unit 232 may correspond to its own respective area of the build material, such that each heating unit 232 may emit heat substantially toward its own area rather than areas covered by other heating units 232 .
  • each of the sixteen heating units 232 may heat one of sixteen different areas of the build material, where the sixteen areas collectively cover the entire area of the build material.
  • each heating unit 232 may also emit, to a lesser extent, some heat which influences an adjacent area.
  • a heater may be provided below the platen of the support member 204 to conductively heat the support member 204 and thereby the build material.
  • the conductive heater may be to uniformly heat the build material across its area on the support member 204 .
  • the system 200 may additionally include sensors 228 a - b which may be to detect radiation or acoustic waves, for example.
  • the sensors 228 a - b may be oriented generally centrally and facing generally directly toward the build material, such that the optical axis of the camera targets the center line of the support member 204 , to allow a generally symmetric capture of radiation or acoustic waves from the build material. This may minimize perspective distortions of the build material surface, thus minimizing the need for corrections.
  • the senor 228 a - b may, for example, be to (1) capture radiation or acoustic waves over a wide region covering an entire layer of build material, for example by using suitable magnification, (2) capture a series of measurements of the entire layer which are later averaged, or (3) capture a series of measurements each covering a portion of the layer that together cover the entire layer.
  • the sensors 228 a - b may be in fixed locations relative to the support member 204 , but in other examples may be moveable if other components, when moving, disrupt the line of sight between the sensors 228 a - b and the support member 204 .
  • each of the sensors 228 a - b may comprise an array of sensors.
  • Each of the sensors in the array may correspond to its own respective area of the build material, such that each sensor in the array may perform measurements on its own area rather than areas corresponding to other sensors in the array.
  • the array of sensors 228 a may collectively cover the entire area of the build material.
  • the array of sensors 228 b may collectively cover the entire area of the build material. In some examples, both radiation and acoustic sensors may be used.
  • the senor 228 a may, for example, be a point contactless temperature sensor such a thermopile, or such as a thermographic camera.
  • the sensor 228 a may include an army of fixed-location pyrometers which each capture radiation from a single area of the build material.
  • the sensor 228 a may be a single pyrometer which may be operable to sweep or scan over the entire area of the build material. Any other type of sensors may also be used that may be suitable for a determination of temperature of build material.
  • the sensor 228 a may be to capture a radiation distribution, for example in the IR range, emitted by each point of the build material across the area spanned by the build material on the support member 204 .
  • the temperature sensor 228 a may output the radiation distribution to the controller 210 , which may determine a temperature distribution across the build material based on known relationships, such as a black body distribution, between temperature and radiation intensity for the material used as the build material. For example, the radiation frequencies of the radiation distribution may have their highest intensities at particular values in the infra-red (IR) range. This may be used to determine the temperature distribution comprising a plurality of temperatures across the build material.
  • the sensor 228 a may be located in any other suitable location in the system 200 , for example it may be coupled to the support member 204 .
  • the senor 228 b may be any sensor suitable to detect a height profile of build material.
  • the sensor 228 b may be a ranging sensor, and may comprise, for example, an acoustic sensor, diode emitter, radar, IR, or any other ranging sensor.
  • the ranging sensor may be to determine the time of flight of an acoustic wave or radiation emitted from the sensor 228 b and then detected by the sensor 228 b after reflection by the build material.
  • sensors other than ranging sensors may be used to detect a height profile of the build material.
  • the sensor 228 b may be located in any outer suitable location in the system 200 , for example it may be coupled to the support member 204 .
  • the controller 210 may obtain or generate agent delivery control data which may define for each slice of the three-dimensional object to be generated the portions or the locations on the build material, if any, at which agent is to be delivered.
  • agent delivery control data may be stored as part of the instructions 218 .
  • the agent delivery control data may be generated based on object design data representing a three-dimensional model of an object to be generated, and/or from object design data representing properties of the object.
  • the model may define the solid portions of the object, and may be processed by the three-dimensional object processing system to generate slices of parallel planes of the model. Each slice may define a portion of a respective layer of build material that is to be solidified by the additive manufacturing system.
  • the object property data may define properties of the object such as density, surface roughness, strength, and the like.
  • the object design data and object property data may be received, for example, from a user via an input device 220 , as input from a user, from a software driver, from a software application such as a computer aided design (CAD) application, or may be obtained from a memory storing default or user-defined object design data and object property data.
  • CAD computer aided design
  • the agent delivery control data may describe, for each layer of build material to be processed, locations or portions on the build material at which coalescing agent is to be delivered.
  • locations or portions of the build material at which coalescing agent is to be delivered are defined by way of respective patterns.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 300 of generating a three-dimensional object according to some examples. in some examples, the orderings shown may be varied, some elements may occur simultaneously, some elements may be added, and some elements may be omitted.
  • FIGS. 2, 4 a - h , 5 a - d , 6 a - e , and 7 a - c show a series of cross-sectional side views of layers of build material according to some examples.
  • FIGS. 5 a - d , 6 a - e , and 7 a - c show a series of cross-sectional side views of layers of build material and build material distributors in which corrective actions are performed according to some examples,
  • data representing the three dimensional object may be generated or obtained by the controller 210 .
  • Data representing the three dimensional object is, defined herein to include any data defining the object from, e.g. its initial generation as a three dimensional object model, to its conversion into slice data, and to its conversion into a form suitable for controlling an agent distributor such as agent delivery control data.
  • agent distributor such as agent delivery control data.
  • Such data is also defined to include data used an agent distributor to define which nozzles of an agent distributor to use,
  • a layer 402 b of build material may be provided, as shown in FIG. 4 b .
  • the controller 210 may control the build material distributor 224 to provide the layer 402 b on a previously completed layer 402 a (completed e.g. at FIG. 4 a ) on the support member 204 by causing the build material distributor 224 to move along the x-axis as discussed earlier.
  • the completed layer 402 a may include a solidified portion 406 .
  • a completed layer 402 a is shown in FIGS. 4 a - h for illustrative purposes, it is understood that 304 to 330 may initially be applied to generate the first layer 402 a.
  • example defects 410 , 412 , and 414 of build material are shown.
  • the defects may be caused by errors in any element of method 300 including delivery of build material, heating of build material, delivery of agents to build material, and/or application of energy to build material.
  • the defects may be caused by a malfunction of any of the components of the system 200 described earlier relative to FIG. 2 as well as other components not shown.
  • Defect 410 is an accumulation of build material on the layer 402 b
  • defect 412 is a hole in the layer 402 b
  • defect 414 is an accumulation of build material on the build material distributor 224 .
  • Defects 410 , 412 , and 414 may result from e.g.
  • FIG. 5 a shows layer 402 b having defect 410
  • FIG. 6 a shows layer 402 b having defect 412
  • FIG. 7 a shows build material distributor 224 having defect 414 .
  • a determination may be made regarding whether a defect exists in the build material, e.g. in layer 402 b , in the object being generated, and/or on the build material distributor 224 .
  • the sensor 228 a may detect a property, e,g. emitted radiation, of the build material used for a determination of temperature, and the sensor 228 b may detect a height profile of build material e.g. configuration or shape of build material (such detection may involve detecting time of flight of radiation or acoustic waves). Data from the sensors 228 a - b may be received by the controller 210 .
  • a property e.g. emitted radiation
  • the sensor 228 b may detect a height profile of build material e.g. configuration or shape of build material (such detection may involve detecting time of flight of radiation or acoustic waves).
  • Data from the sensors 228 a - b may be received by the controller 210 .
  • the data from sensor 228 b may represent a longer time of flight of an acoustic wave or radiation used for detection than expected in the location of the hole defect 410 .
  • the data may represent other properties associated with a height profile of the hole defect 410 .
  • the controller 210 or a processor in the sensor 228 b may determine that the defect 410 is a hole in the layer 402 b.
  • the data from the sensor 228 b may represent a shorter time of flight of an acoustic wave or radiation used for detection than expected in the respective locations of the defect 412 and/or defect 414 .
  • the data may represent other properties associated with a height profile of the accumulation defects 412 and/or 414 .
  • the controller 210 or a processor in the sensor 228 b may determine that the defect 412 is an accumulation of build material on the layer 402 a and/or that the defect 414 is an accumulation of build material on the build material distributor 224 .
  • the method 300 may proceed to 310 , otherwise the method 300 may proceed to 312 .
  • an action may be taken in response to the defect existing.
  • the controller 210 may instruct the system 200 to take an action to correct the defect, or the controller 210 may instruct the system 200 to take an action to prevent the system 200 from being damaged due to the defect.
  • the build material distributor 224 may be to deliver an additional layer of build material to fill the hole defect 410 .
  • the controller 210 may determine a sufficient amount of build material may be delivered to fill the hole defect 410 but e.g. such that the overall thickness of layer 402 b is not increased or is minimally increased.
  • the build material distributor 224 may pass across the layer 402 b to level the layer 420 b without adding any additional build material. In some examples, a combination of leveling and build material delivery may be performed.
  • the temperature distribution may be selected to cause thermal gradients which expand the build material in the region of the defect 410 , and/or cause shrinkage in adjacent portions of build material.
  • the application of heat and/or energy may also be modulated to achieve such effects at 312 and/or at 324 when the energy source 226 and/or heater 230 are actuated for the build process.
  • the build material distributor 224 may pass across the layer 402 b to level the layer 420 b without adding any additional build material.
  • the build material distributor 224 may additionally deliver an additional layer of build material to cover the accumulation defect 412 .
  • the controller 210 may determine a sufficient amount of build material may be delivered to cover the accumulation defect 410 but e.g. such that the overall thickness of layer 402 b is minimally increased.
  • a combination of leveling and build material delivery may be performed.
  • energy and/or heat selectively or unselectively applied by the energy source 226 and/or the heater 230 may be used to regulate the temperature in portions of the layer 402 b .
  • the object being generated may, as a result of unintended temperature distributions and irregularities in the build material, experience bending, coalescence bleed wherein portions of build material experience coalescence unintentionally, or deformations. This may result in accumulation defect 412 .
  • the application of energy and/or heat may be performed at 310 to modulate the temperature distributions such that they achieve values to compensate for and correct the defect 412 .
  • the system 200 may be prevented from being damaged due to the accumulation defect 414 by preventing actuation or usage of a component of the system 200 (e.g, the build material distributor 224 in FIG. 7 b ), and/or by stopping the build process for generating the object. This may be done, for example, if the accumulation defect 414 may impact (e.g. crash into) a component (e.g. an agent distributor) of the system 200 and become damaged during the build process if the component is not prevented from actuating or being used.
  • a component of the system 200 e.g. the build material distributor 224 in FIG. 7 b
  • the build material distributor 224 may be moved to be stationed at the cleaning station 236 which may use suitable components to clean the accumulation 414 off of the build material distributor 224 .
  • 306 to 310 are shown as occurring after providing each layer of build material, they may occur at any time, periodically, and/or continuously throughout the build process. In the example of FIG. 3 , for illustrative purposes, similar elements 318 to 322 and 326 to 330 are shown.
  • the layer 402 b of build material may be heated by the heater 230 to heat and/or maintain the build material within a predetermined temperature range.
  • the predetermined temperature range may, for example, be below the temperature at which the build material would experience bonding in the presence of coalescing agent 404 .
  • the predetermined temperature range may be between about 155 and about 160 degrees Celsius, or the range may be centered at about 160 degrees Celsius. Pre-heating may help reduce the amount of energy that has to be applied by the energy source 226 to cause coalescence and subsequent solidification of build material on which coalescing agent has been delivered or has penetrated.
  • coalescing agent 404 may be selectively delivered to the surface of portions of the layer 402 b .
  • the agent 404 may be delivered by agent distributor 202 , for example in the form of fluids such as liquid droplets.
  • the selective delivery of the agent 404 may be performed in patterns on the portions of the layer 402 b that the data representing the three-dimensional object may define to become solid to form part of the three-dimensional object being generated.
  • the data representing the three-dimensional object may be unmodified data if a dead zone was not identified and modified data if a dead zone was identified. “Selective delivery” means that agent may be delivered to selected portions of the surface layer of the build material in various patterns.
  • binder agent may be used rather than coalescing agent.
  • agent is understood to encompass both coalescing agent and binder agent.
  • coalescence modifier agent may similarly be selectively delivered to portions of the layer 402 b.
  • FIG. 4 e shows coalescing agent 404 having penetrated substantially completely into the portions of the layer 402 b of build material, but in other examples, the degree of penetration may be less than 100%. The degree of penetration may depend, for example, on the quantity of agent delivered, on the nature of the build material, on the nature of the agent, etc.
  • FIG. 4 e for illustrative purposes, additional instances of hole defect 410 and accumulation defects 412 and 414 are shown similar the defects 410 , 412 , and 414 shown in FIG. 4 b , These additional instances may have been caused by any element of method 300 and/or by malfunction of any component of system 200 or other component, as described earlier.
  • the defects 410 and 412 of FIG. 4 e are shown in portions of the layer 402 b having coalescing agent 404 , they may also be present in portions of layer 402 b lacking coalescing 404 .
  • a determination may be made regarding whether a defect exists in the build material, e.g. in layer 402 b , in the object being generated, and/or on the build material distributor 224 . This may be done in a similar way as described earlier relative to 306 .
  • the method 300 may proceed to 322 , otherwise the method 300 may proceed to 324 .
  • a predetermined level of energy may be temporarily applied to the layer 402 b of build material.
  • the energy applied may be infra-red or near infra-red energy, microwave energy, ultra-violet (UV) light, halogen light, ultra-sonic energy, or the like.
  • the temporary application of energy may cause the portions of the build material on which coalescing agent 404 was delivered to heat up above the melting point of the build material and to coalesce.
  • the energy source 226 may be focused, In some examples in which the energy source 226 is focused, the energy source 226 may cause coalescence of build material without use of coalescing agent 404 , but in other examples coalescing agent 404 may be used.
  • the energy source 226 may be unfocused, and the temporary application of energy may cause the portions of the build material on which coalescing agent 404 has been delivered or has penetrated to heat up above the melting point of the build material and to coalesce.
  • the temperature of some or all of the layer 402 b may achieve about 220 degrees Celsius.
  • the portions having coalescing agent 404 may coalesce may become solid and form part of the three-dimensional object being generated, as shown in FIG. 4 g.
  • one such solidified portion 406 may have been generated in a previous iteration, The heat absorbed during the application of energy may propagate to the previously solidified portion 406 to cause part of portion 406 to heat up above its melting point. This effect helps creates a portion 408 that has strong interlayer bonding between adjacent layers of solidified build material, as shown in FIG. 4 g.
  • the application of energy may also be modulated to achieve temperature regulation effects for correcting defects 410 and 412 in addition to usage of the energy source 226 for coalescence and solidification of portions of the layer 402 b.
  • the energy may not be applied, for example if binder agent is used, or if the coalescing agent 404 is to cause coalescence and solidification of build material without use of the energy source 226 .
  • FIG. 4 g for illustrative purposes, additional instances of hole defect 410 and accumulation defects 412 and 414 are shown similar the defects 410 , 412 , and 414 shown in FIGS. 4 b and 4 e . These additional instances may have been caused by any element of method 300 and/or by malfunction of any component of system 200 or other component, as described earlier.
  • the defects 410 and 412 of FIG. 4 g are shown in solidified portions of the layer 402 b , they may also be present in unsolidified portions of layer 402 b.
  • a determination may be made regarding whether a defect exists in the build material, e.g. in layer 402 b , in the object being generated, and/or on the build material distributor 224 . This may be done in a similar way as described earlier relative to 306 .
  • the method 300 may proceed to 330 , otherwise the method 300 may proceed to 304 .
  • an action may be taken in response to the defect existing.
  • the controller 210 may instruct the system 200 to take an action to correct the defect, or the controller 210 may instruct the system 200 to take an action to prevent the system 200 from being damaged due to the defect. This may be done in a similar way as described earlier relative to 310 .
  • new layers of build material may be provided on top of the previously processed layer of build material.
  • the previously processed layer of build material acts as a support for a subsequent layer of build material.
  • the process of 304 to 330 may then be repeated to generate a three-dimensional object layer by layer.
US15/542,285 2015-04-17 2015-04-17 Generating three-dimensional objects Abandoned US20180264735A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2015/026355 WO2016167793A1 (en) 2015-04-17 2015-04-17 Generating three-dimensional objects

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20180264735A1 true US20180264735A1 (en) 2018-09-20

Family

ID=57125822

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/542,285 Abandoned US20180264735A1 (en) 2015-04-17 2015-04-17 Generating three-dimensional objects

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20180264735A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3230048A4 (de)
CN (1) CN107206689B (de)
WO (1) WO2016167793A1 (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018051958A (ja) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-05 キヤノン株式会社 三次元造形装置、三次元物体製造方法および三次元造形プログラム
US20190212572A1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2019-07-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical shaping apparatus, manufacturing method, and storage medium
US10414149B2 (en) * 2016-10-21 2019-09-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Material estimate for fabrication of three-dimensional object
WO2021003067A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2021-01-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Fabrication of composite parts by additive manufacturing and microstructure topology optimization
WO2021025676A1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2021-02-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Additive manufacturing spreader with a cleaner
US10981329B2 (en) * 2016-02-24 2021-04-20 Enplas Corporation Powder sintering lamination apparatus
US10994489B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2021-05-04 Canon Kabushikikaisha Optical shaping apparatus, manufacturing method, and storage medium
US11186041B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2021-11-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optically shaping apparatus and manufacturing method
US11472122B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2022-10-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Fabrication of composite parts by additive manufacturing and microstructure topology customization
US11867663B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2024-01-09 Renishaw Plc Acoustic emission sensing in powder bed additive manufacturing

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3621810A4 (de) * 2017-05-10 2021-04-21 Monash University Verfahren und system zur qualitätssicherung und -kontrolle eines prozesses zur generativen fertigung
JP7388212B2 (ja) * 2020-01-31 2023-11-29 セイコーエプソン株式会社 三次元造形物の製造方法および三次元造形装置

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020104973A1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-08-08 Kerekes Thomas A. Surface scanning system for selective deposition modeling
US20040026807A1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2004-02-12 Lars-Erik Andersson Device and arrangement for producing a three-dimensional object
US20090152771A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-18 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Method of manufacturing three-dimensional objects by laser sintering
US20110014355A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2011-01-20 Herman Hendrikus Maalderink Method and system for layerwise production of a tangible object
US20120223462A1 (en) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-06 Jonas Eriksson Laser build up method using vibration and apparatus
US20150034606A1 (en) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-05 Rolls-Royce Plc Method of manufacturing a component
US20150061170A1 (en) * 2013-09-02 2015-03-05 Thomas Engel Method and arrangement for producing a workpiece by using additive manufacturing techniques
US20150158249A1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Seiko Epson Corporation Three dimensional mold object manufacturing apparatus, method for manufacturing three dimensional mold object, and three dimensional mold object
US20150261196A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-17 Rolls-Royce Corporation Additive manufacturing including layer-by-layer imaging
US20160121397A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2016-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft The Arrangement For Coating A Powder
US20160325541A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2016-11-10 United Technologies Corporation An additive manufacturing system with ultrasonic inspection and method of operation
US20160332371A1 (en) * 2014-01-22 2016-11-17 United Technologies Corporation Additive manufacturing system and method of operation
US20170001379A1 (en) * 2014-02-05 2017-01-05 United Technologies Corporation A self-monitoring additive manufacturing system and method of operation
US20170066084A1 (en) * 2014-05-09 2017-03-09 MTU Aero Engines AG Thermography for quality assurance in an additive manufacturing process

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5460758A (en) * 1990-12-21 1995-10-24 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Method and apparatus for production of a three-dimensional object
JPH10249944A (ja) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-22 Hitachi Ltd 光造形装置
JP2001150556A (ja) * 1999-09-14 2001-06-05 Minolta Co Ltd 三次元造形装置および三次元造形方法
WO2004024447A2 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-25 Objet Geometries Ltd. Device, system and method for calibration in three-dimensional model printing
CN103358550B (zh) * 2003-05-01 2016-03-30 斯特拉特西斯有限公司 快速成型装置
US6930278B1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2005-08-16 3D Systems, Inc. Continuous calibration of a non-contact thermal sensor for laser sintering
CN201235608Y (zh) * 2008-07-10 2009-05-13 华南理工大学 医用植入体蜡模的选区激光熔化快速成型装置

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040026807A1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2004-02-12 Lars-Erik Andersson Device and arrangement for producing a three-dimensional object
US20020104973A1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-08-08 Kerekes Thomas A. Surface scanning system for selective deposition modeling
US20090152771A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-18 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Method of manufacturing three-dimensional objects by laser sintering
US20110014355A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2011-01-20 Herman Hendrikus Maalderink Method and system for layerwise production of a tangible object
US20120223462A1 (en) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-06 Jonas Eriksson Laser build up method using vibration and apparatus
US20160121397A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2016-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft The Arrangement For Coating A Powder
US20150034606A1 (en) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-05 Rolls-Royce Plc Method of manufacturing a component
US20150061170A1 (en) * 2013-09-02 2015-03-05 Thomas Engel Method and arrangement for producing a workpiece by using additive manufacturing techniques
US20150158249A1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Seiko Epson Corporation Three dimensional mold object manufacturing apparatus, method for manufacturing three dimensional mold object, and three dimensional mold object
US20160325541A1 (en) * 2014-01-17 2016-11-10 United Technologies Corporation An additive manufacturing system with ultrasonic inspection and method of operation
US20160332371A1 (en) * 2014-01-22 2016-11-17 United Technologies Corporation Additive manufacturing system and method of operation
US20170001379A1 (en) * 2014-02-05 2017-01-05 United Technologies Corporation A self-monitoring additive manufacturing system and method of operation
US20150261196A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-17 Rolls-Royce Corporation Additive manufacturing including layer-by-layer imaging
US20170066084A1 (en) * 2014-05-09 2017-03-09 MTU Aero Engines AG Thermography for quality assurance in an additive manufacturing process

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10981329B2 (en) * 2016-02-24 2021-04-20 Enplas Corporation Powder sintering lamination apparatus
JP2018051958A (ja) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-05 キヤノン株式会社 三次元造形装置、三次元物体製造方法および三次元造形プログラム
US20190212572A1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2019-07-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical shaping apparatus, manufacturing method, and storage medium
US20190210285A1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2019-07-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical shaping apparatus, manufacturing method, and storage medium
US10906246B2 (en) * 2016-09-29 2021-02-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical shaping apparatus, manufacturing method, and storage medium
US11186041B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2021-11-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optically shaping apparatus and manufacturing method
US10994489B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2021-05-04 Canon Kabushikikaisha Optical shaping apparatus, manufacturing method, and storage medium
US10414149B2 (en) * 2016-10-21 2019-09-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Material estimate for fabrication of three-dimensional object
US11867663B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2024-01-09 Renishaw Plc Acoustic emission sensing in powder bed additive manufacturing
US11014295B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2021-05-25 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Fabrication of composite parts by additive manufacturing and microstructure topology optimization
US11472122B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2022-10-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Fabrication of composite parts by additive manufacturing and microstructure topology customization
WO2021003067A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2021-01-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Fabrication of composite parts by additive manufacturing and microstructure topology optimization
WO2021025676A1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2021-02-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Additive manufacturing spreader with a cleaner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107206689B (zh) 2020-10-02
WO2016167793A1 (en) 2016-10-20
EP3230048A4 (de) 2018-09-26
EP3230048A1 (de) 2017-10-18
CN107206689A (zh) 2017-09-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11059231B2 (en) Generating three-dimensional objects
US20180264735A1 (en) Generating three-dimensional objects
US11673314B2 (en) Generating three-dimensional objects
US11338507B2 (en) Coalescing agent concentrations and contone densities for three-dimensional objects
US10625469B2 (en) Generating three-dimensional objects
US10252474B2 (en) Temperature determination based on emissivity
US20180281286A1 (en) Filtering temperature distribution data of build material
US11273594B2 (en) Modifying data representing three-dimensional objects
US20170334138A1 (en) Determining heater malfunction
EP3094472B1 (de) Verarbeitung von schichtdaten für ein system zur additiven fertigung
WO2016209233A1 (en) Reflecting radiation from three-dimensional object build material to sensors
WO2015108560A1 (en) Temperature determination based on emissivity
US10195788B2 (en) Priming agent distributors while generating three-dimensional objects
CN107206683B (zh) 打印死区识别
US20170246806A1 (en) Generating three-dimensional objects and generating images on substrates
EP3094474B1 (de) Erzeugung dreidimensionaler objekte

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HP PRINTING AND COMPUTING SOLUTIONS, S.L.U.;REEL/FRAME:043430/0984

Effective date: 20170825

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION