US20180194082A1 - Method and apparatus for producing fiber-reinforced resin molding material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing fiber-reinforced resin molding material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180194082A1
US20180194082A1 US15/741,615 US201615741615A US2018194082A1 US 20180194082 A1 US20180194082 A1 US 20180194082A1 US 201615741615 A US201615741615 A US 201615741615A US 2018194082 A1 US2018194082 A1 US 2018194082A1
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Prior art keywords
fiber
fiber bundle
fiber bundles
molding material
producing
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English (en)
Inventor
Tadao Samejima
Yukihiro Mizutori
Yasushi Watanabe
Junji KANEHAGI
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
    • B29B15/125—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by dipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/02—Making preforms by dividing preformed material, e.g. sheets, rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
    • B29B15/14—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length of filaments or wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
    • B29C70/506—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H35/00—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers
    • B65H35/0006—Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices
    • B65H35/0073—Details
    • B65H35/008—Arrangements or adaptations of cutting devices
    • B65H35/0086—Arrangements or adaptations of cutting devices using movable cutting elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H35/00—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers
    • B65H35/04—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers from or with transverse cutters or perforators
    • B65H35/08—Delivering articles from cutting or line-perforating machines; Article or web delivery apparatus incorporating cutting or line-perforating devices, e.g. adhesive tape dispensers from or with transverse cutters or perforators from or with revolving, e.g. cylinder, cutters or perforators
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D11/00—Other features of manufacture
    • D01D11/02—Opening bundles to space the threads or filaments from one another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0081—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation before shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2031/00—Use of polyvinylesters or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a fiber-reinforced resin molding material.
  • SMCs sheet molding compounds
  • stampable sheets are sheet-type fiber-reinforced resin molding materials formed by impregnating thermoplastic resins into the above-mentioned cut fiber bundles, for examples.
  • An SMC is an intermediate material for obtaining molded articles.
  • an SMC is compression-molded (pressed) in a die while heat is applied on the SMC.
  • fiber bundles and a thermosetting resin are integrated and flowed to fill the cavity of a die, and the thermosetting resin is cured therein.
  • SMCs are capable of forming molded articles with various shapes, for example, articles having partially different thicknesses or having ribs and bosses.
  • Molded articles made of a stampable sheet are obtained by heating the stampable sheet at or above the melting point of the thermoplastic resin using an infrared heater or the like, and then by compressing the sheet while cooling it in a die set at a predetermined temperature.
  • a relatively low-cost fiber bundle called a large tow, having a greater number of filaments is used; the fiber bundle is first widened in a width direction (referred to as fiber opening), the opened fiber bundle is divided into multiple fiber bundles (referred to as fiber separation), and then the separated fiber bundles are cut with a cutter.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for separating opened fiber bundles by piercing the bundles with protruding objects.
  • a method for separating opened fiber bundles by piercing the bundles with protruding objects if filaments in fiber bundles are askew or meandering, fiber bundles that are supposed to be separated will remain unseparated, after the cutting process. Accordingly, there is a risk of having unseparated fiber bundles.
  • Patent Literature 2 discloses a method for continuously separating opened fiber bundles by using a rotary blade in rotational motion. However, when such a method is used, if filaments become askew or meander in fiber bundles, some of the separated fiber bundles break, and broken fiber bundles may wrap around the roll or the like.
  • Patent Literature 1 Specification of US2012/0213997 A1
  • Patent Literature 2 JP2006-219780A
  • the present invention was carried out in consideration of conventional problems described above. Its objective is to provide a method and apparatus for producing a fiber-reinforced resin molding material capable of supplying separated fiber bundles in a stable condition to the cutter when producing a sheet-type fiber-reinforced resin molding material formed by impregnating a resin among filaments of cut fiber bundles, while maintaining the quality of fiber-reinforced resin molding material and avoiding impact stemming from meandering fiber bundles or askew or meandering filaments that may occur in fiber bundles.
  • the present invention provides the following.
  • the cut fiber bundles are obtained by intermittently separating a continuous fiber bundle in a longitudinal direction and by cutting the fiber bundles at intervals in the longitudinal direction to satisfy the condition specified in formula (1) below.
  • the cut fiber bundles are obtained by intermittently separating a continuous fiber bundle in a longitudinal direction and by cutting the fiber bundles at intervals in the longitudinal direction to satisfy the condition specified in formula (3) below,
  • [7] The method for producing a fiber-reinforced resin molding material according to any of [1] ⁇ [6], including: a step for coating a resin-containing paste on a first sheet transported in a predetermined direction; a step for separating a continuous fiber bundle into multiple fiber bundles; a step for cutting the separated fiber bundles with a cutter and spreading the cut fiber bundles on the paste; and a step for impregnating the resin among filaments of the fiber bundles by laminating, a second sheet with the coated paste onto the first sheet with the fiber bundles spread thereon and by compressing, the paste and fiber bundles sandwiched between the first and second sheets.
  • the separation unit includes saw blades with multiple teeth aligned in a direction the same as the transport direction of the fiber bundle and the multiple teeth intermittently pierce a continuous fiber bundle while the saw blades oscillate vertically.
  • separated fiber bundles are supplied to the cutter in a stable condition and the quality of fiber-reinforced resin molding material is maintained while avoiding the impact stemming from askew or meandering filaments that may occur in fiber bundles.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing the structure of an SMC production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2A is a side view showing a structural example of a fiber bundle supply unit equipped in the SMC production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2B is a front view of a separation unit seen from the transport direction, showing a structural example of a fiber bundle supply unit equipped in the SMC production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the separation positions of separated fiber bundles
  • FIG. 4A is a side view showing another structural example of a fiber bundle supply unit equipped in the SMC production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4B is a front view of a separation unit seen from the transport direction, showing another structural example of a fiber bundle supply unit equipped in the SMC production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5A is a side view showing an, example of the shape of a blade
  • FIG. 5B is a side view showing another example of the shape of a blade
  • FIG. 5C is a side view showing yet another example of the shape of a blade
  • FIG. 5D is a side view showing yet another example of the shape of a blade
  • FIG. 5E is a side view showing yet another example of the shape of a blade
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic view illustrating the point angle of a blade
  • FIG. 6B is a schematic view illustrating the cutting edge angle of a blade.
  • the production method related to the present invention is for producing a sheet-type fiber-reinforced resin molding material formed by impregnating a resin among filaments of cut fiber bundles.
  • the method is applicable for producing SMCs, stampable sheets and the like.
  • a fiber bundle is formed by bundling multiple reinforcing fibers.
  • reinforcing fibers carbon fibers are preferred, but that is not the only option.
  • Reinforcing fibers are not limited to carbon fibers. Other reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers may also be used.
  • thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins examples include thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins; it is an option to use only a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, or use both thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.
  • thermosetting resin is preferred.
  • thermoplastic resin is preferred.
  • thermosetting resin examples include unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins, phenol resins, epoxy acrylate resins, urethane acrylate resins, phenoxy resins, alkyd resins, urethane resins, maleimide resins, cyanate resins and the like. Those thermosetting resins may be used alone or in combination thereof.
  • thermoplastic resin examples include polyolefin resins, polyamide resins, polyester resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, polyether ketone resins, polyether sulfone resins,
  • thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination thereof.
  • the cut fiber bundles are obtained by intermittently separating a continuous fiber bundle in a longitudinal direction and by cutting the fiber bundle at intervals in the longitudinal direction so as to satisfy the condition specified in formula (1) below.
  • the Value of “a/L” is smaller than 1, namely, when the length “a” of a separated portion is less than the interval “L” of a fiber bundle to be cut in a longitudinal direction, there is at least one unseparated portion in each cut portion of the fiber bundle. Therefore, it is difficult to homogeneously disperse reinforcing fibers in a production process of an SMC, for example, and the result of impregnating resin is lowered. Accordingly, the quality of the produced SMC tends to be significantly decreased.
  • the value of “a/L” is preferred to be at least 1.05, more preferably at least 1.1.
  • separation and cutting of fiber bundles in the present invention are preferred to be conducted to satisfy the condition specified in formula (2) below.
  • a/L When the value of “a/L” is no greater than 10, even when filaments in a fiber bundle to be separated are askew or meandering, occurrence of fluff in cut fiber bundles along, with process failure caused by fluff is more likely to be suppressed.
  • the value of “a/L” is preferred to be no greater than 8, more preferably no greater than 5.
  • a continuous fiber bundle is intermittently separated in a longitudinal direction and is cut at longitudinal intervals so as to obtain cut fiber bundles that satisfy the condition specified in formula (3) below.
  • a is the length of a separated portion of a continuous fiber bundle
  • b is the length of an unseparated portion that is present between portions intermittently separated in the continuous fiber bundle.
  • a/(a+b) When the value of “a/(a+b)” is smaller than 0.9, unseparated portions of cut fiber bundles are likely to be undetached when fiber bundles are spread on a paste in a production process of an SMC, for example. Thus, it is difficult to homogeneously disperse reinforcing fibers on the paste, and the results of impregnating resin into reinforcing fibers are lowered. Accordingly, the quality of the produced SMC tends to be decreased.
  • the value of “a/(a+b)” is preferred to be at least 0.92.
  • the value of “a/(a+b)” is preferred to be no greater than 0.99, more preferably no greater than 0.98.
  • a blade To intermittently separate a continuous fiber bundle, it is preferred for a blade to intermittently pierce a continuous fiber bundle in its longitudinal direction since a more stable separation process is conducted. Furthermore, it is more preferred to intermittently pierce a continuous fiber bundle by using a series of multiple blades aligned at predetermined intervals in a width direction of the continuous fiber bundle so that partially unseparated portions are made among the separated multiple fiber bundles.
  • a blade means an object in a plate shape, its tip that touches a fiber bundle first is set narrow and thin, and the cross section of the tip is substantially in a wedge shape.
  • Examples of the material of a blade are hard materials such as metals or ceramics.
  • the shape of a blade is not limited specifically as long as it is capable of piercing a fiber bundle. Considering the durability of a blade and its capability of separating fibers, the maximum thickness of a blade that touches a fiber bundle is preferred to be 0.3 ⁇ 2 mm. The maximum width of a blade that touches a fiber bundle is preferred to be 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 mm. The angle of the tip portion of a blade in its width direction (point angle) is preferred to be 30° ⁇ 90°. The angle of a blade in a thickness direction (cutting edge angle) is preferred to be 10° ⁇ 45°, more preferably 20° ⁇ 30°.
  • the point angle means the angle of the tip of a blade when the planar portion of the blade is seen from the front.
  • the cutting edge angle means the angle at the tip of a blade when a side surface of the blade (the plane in a thickness direction) is seen from the front.
  • a gas such as air, for example, may be sprayed under predetermined conditions on the above fiber bundle.
  • An example of a method for producing a fiber-reinforced resin molding material is the method below, including a coating step, separation step, cutting step and impregnation step:
  • a coating step coat a resin-containing paste on a first sheet being transported in a predetermined direction;
  • a separation step separate a continuous fiber bundle into multiple fiber bundles
  • a cutting step cut the separated fiber bundles with a cutter and spread them on the paste;
  • an impregnation step impregnate the resin among filaments of the fiber bundles by laminating a second sheet with the coated paste onto the first sheet with fiber bundles spread thereon, and by compressing the paste and fiber bundles sandwiched between the first and second sheets.
  • fiber bundles are separated and cut to satisfy either or both of conditions (1) and (3) above so that separated fiber bundles are supplied to the cutter in a stable condition while avoiding being impacted by askew or meandering filaments that may occur in the fiber bundles.
  • the separation step it is preferred to use multiple rotary blades, each having a series of multiple teeth in its circumferential direction, aligned at predetermined intervals in a width direction of a continuous fiber bundle, so that the multiple teeth intermittently pierce the continuous fiber bundle while the rotary blades rotate.
  • saw blades with multiple teeth aligned in a direction the same as the transport direction of the fiber bundle so that the multiple teeth intermittently pierce the continuous fiber bundle while the saw blades oscillate vertically.
  • the separation step it is preferred to separate continuous fiber bundles into multiple fiber bundles when laminated in a thickness direction.
  • a continuous fiber bundle is opened in a width direction
  • the SMC production apparatus in the present embodiment is intended to produce a sheet-type SMC (Sheet Molding Compound), which contains fiber bundles made of carbon fibers and a thermosetting resin made of an unsaturated polyester resin, and is formed by impregnating the thermosetting resin among filaments of cut fiber bundles.
  • a sheet-type SMC Sheet Molding Compound
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing the structure of an SMC production, apparatus.
  • FIG. 2A is a side view showing a structural example of fiber bundle supply unit 10 in the SMC production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 2B is a front view of the separation unit seen from the transport direction.
  • an XYZ rectangular coordinate system is set and positional relationships among members are described in accordance with the XYZ rectangular coordinate system.
  • the SMC production apparatus of the present, embodiment includes fiber bundle supply unit 10 , first sheet supply unit 11 , first coating unit 12 , cutting unit 13 , second sheet supply unit 14 , second coating unit 15 and impregnation unit 16 .
  • fiber bundle supply unit 10 is structured to have an opening unit for opening a continuous fiber bundle CF in a width direction (axis (Y) direction) while transporting the fiber bundle in a predetermined direction (hereinafter referred to as a transport direction), and a separation Unit for separating the opened fiber bundle CF into multiple fiber bundles CF.
  • fiber bundle supply unit 10 includes multiple opening bars 17 , multiple rotary blades 18 and multiple godet rollers 19 .
  • a large-tow fiber bundle CF is opened in its width direction by being drawn from bobbin B in an axis (+X) direction in FIG. 1 (in the horizontally right direction). More specifically, while passing through multiple opening bars 17 of the opening unit, a fiber bundle CF is widened in its width direction by using, for example, heat, abrasion, oscillation or the like at each opening bar 17 .
  • the opened fiber bundle CF is separated into multiple fiber bundles CF by multiple rotary blades 18 in the separation unit.
  • Multiple rotary blades 18 are aligned at predetermined intervals in a width direction of the opened fiber bundle CF (axis (Y) direction).
  • a series of multiple teeth 18 a are set in a circumferential direction of each rotary blade 18 .
  • positions of multiple teeth 18 a are preferred to correspond to each other in a circumferential direction.
  • spacer members 181 are disposed among rotary blades 18 .
  • the circumferential surface of each spacer member 18 b is positioned slightly above or slightly below the border of each of teeth 18 a (blade base). By setting in such a positional relationship, the depth of piercing is adjusted.
  • Multiple rotary blades 18 are supported to be rotatable. Accordingly, multiple rotary blades 18 are rotated in a direction the same as the transport direction of a fiber bundle CF while teeth 18 a pierce the fiber bundle CF as it is transported.
  • Multiple rotary blades 18 may be structured to be driven by a drive motor or the like so as to synchronize the rotation with the transport of a fiber bundle CF.
  • a pair of guide members 40 are positioned respectively on both sides of multiple rotary blades 18 in the transport direction. Multiple rotary blades 18 are positioned so that multiple teeth 18 a pierce a fiber bundle CF transported between paired guide members 40 from the side opposite where paired guide members 40 are disposed.
  • a fiber bundle CF is separated in its width direction while rotary blades 18 are rotated so that multiple teeth 18 a intermittently pierce a continuous fiber bundle CF. During that time, multiple teeth 18 a pierce to the point where spacer members 18 b make contact with a continuous fiber bundle CF so as to prevent the fiber bundle CF from continuously being separated by teeth 18 a . Accordingly, separated multiple fiber bundles CF are not completely separated from each other, and are partially unseparated. Then, separated fiber bundles CF are supplied toward cutting unit 13 while being guided by multiple godet rollers 19 .
  • First sheet supply unit 11 supplies continuous first sheet (S 1 ) as it is unwound from first material roll (R) toward first coating unit 12 .
  • the SMC production apparatus includes first transport unit 20 which transports first sheet (S 1 ) toward impregnation unit 16 .
  • First transport unit 20 includes conveyor 23 with endless belt 22 spanned over a pair of pulleys ( 21 a , 21 b ). Conveyor 23 rotates endless belt 22 circumferentially by rotating paired pulleys ( 21 a , 21 b ) in the same direction so, that first sheet (S 1 ) placed on the surface of endless belt 22 is transported in the axis (+X) direction in FIG. 1 (horizontally toward the right).
  • First coating unit 12 includes coater 24 which is positioned directly on first sheet (S 1 ) transported in the axis (+X) direction in FIG. 1 (horizontally toward the right) and supplies paste (P). When first sheet (S 1 ) passes under coater 24 in first coating unit 12 , paste (P) is coated at a predetermined thickness on the surface of first sheet (S 1 ).
  • a mixture may also be used by adding a filler such as calcium carbonate, a shrinkage-reducing agent, release agent, curing initiator, thickener or the like.
  • Cutting unit 13 is positioned on the downstream side of first coating unit 12 in the transport direction and cuts fiber bundles CF supplied from fiber bundle supply unit 10 by using cutter 13 A and spreads cut-fiber bundles on past (P).
  • Cutter 13 A is positioned above first sheet (S 1 ) transported by conveyor 23 and includes guide roller 25 , pinch roller 26 and cutter miler 27 .
  • Guide roller 25 rotates and guides fiber bundle CF supplied from fiber bundle supply unit 10 in the downstream direction.
  • Pinch roller 26 sandwiches fiber bundle CF with guide roller 25 and rotates in the direction opposite that of guide roller 25 so as to cooperate with guide roller 25 to bring in separated fiber bundles CF.
  • Cutter roller 27 rotates and cuts fiber bundles CF to a predetermined length. Cut fiber bundles CF fall from between guide roller 25 and cutter roller 27 and are spread on first sheet (S 1 ) (paste (P)).
  • Second sheet supply unit 14 supplies continuous second sheet (S 2 ) as it is unwound from second material roll (R 2 ) toward second coating unit 15 .
  • the SMC production apparatus includes second transport unit 28 which transports second sheet (S 2 ) toward impregnation unit 16 .
  • Second transport unit 28 is positioned above first sheet (S 1 ) transported by conveyor 23 and includes, multiple guide rollers 29 . Second transport unit 28 transports second sheet (S 2 ) supplied from second supply unit 14 in the axis ( ⁇ X) direction in FIG. 1 (horizontally toward the left), and then inverts the direction for transporting second sheet (S 2 ) from below by rotating multiple guide rollers 29 in the axis (+X) direction in FIG. 1 (horizontally toward the right).
  • Second coating unit 15 is positioned directly above second sheet (S 2 ) transported in the axis ( ⁇ X) direction in FIG. 1 (horizontally toward the left) and includes coater 30 for supplying paste (P).
  • second sheet (S 2 ) passes through coater 30 so that paste (P) is coated on the surface of second sheet (S 2 ) at a predetermined thickness.
  • Impregnation unit 16 is positioned on the downstream side of cutting unit 13 in the transport direction and includes lamination mechanism 31 and compression mechanism 32 .
  • Lamination mechanism 31 is positioned above downstream-side pulley 21 b of conveyor 23 and includes multiple lamination rollers 33 .
  • Multiple lamination rollers 33 are positioned so as to make contact with the hack surface of second sheet (S 2 ) on which paste (P) is coated. Moreover, multiple lamination rollers 33 are positioned in such a way that second sheet (S 2 ) gradually approaches first sheet (S 1 ).
  • first sheet (S 1 ) and second sheet (S 2 ) sandwich fiber bundles CF and paste (P) between them and are transported toward compression mechanism 32 in a laminated condition.
  • first sheet (S 1 ) and second sheet (S 2 ) laminated together are collectively referred to as laminate sheet (S 3 ).
  • Compression mechanism 32 is positioned on the downstream side of first transport unit 20 (conveyor 23 ), and includes lower conveyor 36 A with endless belt 35 a spanned between paired pulleys ( 34 a , 34 b ) and, upper conveyor 36 B with endless belt 35 b spanned between paired pulleys ( 34 c , 34 d ).
  • Lower conveyor 36 A and upper conveyor 36 B are positioned across from each other while endless belts ( 35 a , 35 b ) are set to face each other.
  • Compression mechanism 32 rotates paired pulleys ( 34 a , 34 b ) of lower conveyor 36 A in the same direction to circle endless belt 35 a , while rotating paired pulleys ( 34 c , 34 d ) of upper conveyor 36 B in the same direction so that endless belt 35 b circles at the same speed as endless belt 35 a but in the opposite direction.
  • laminate sheet (S 3 ) sandwiched between endless belts ( 35 a , 35 b ) is transported in the axis (+X) direction in FIG. 1 (horizontally toward the right).
  • Compression mechanism 32 includes multiple lower rollers 37 a and multiple upper rollers 37 b .
  • Multiple lower rollers 37 a are positioned to be in contact the back surface of the abutting portion of endless belt 35 a
  • multiple upper rollers 37 b are positioned to be in contact with the back surface of the abutting portion of endless belt 35 b
  • Multiple lower rollers 37 a and multiple upper rollers 37 b are alternately positioned in the transport direction of laminate sheet (S 3 ).
  • Compression mechanism 32 compresses paste (P) and fiber bundles CF sandwiched between first sheet (S 1 ) and second sheet (S 2 ) using multiple lower rollers 37 a and multiple upper rollers 37 b while laminate sheet (S 3 ) passes between endless belts ( 35 a , 35 b ).
  • paste (P) is impregnated into filaments of fiber bundles CF from both sides sandwiching fiber bundles CF.
  • raw material (R) of SMC is obtained where a thermosetting resin is impregnated in filaments of fiber bundles CF.
  • long first sheet (S 1 ) is unwound from first material roll (R 1 ) in a coating step, and paste (P) is coated on first sheet (S 1 ) by first coating unit 12 at a predetermined thickness while first sheet (S 1 ) is transported by first transport unit 20 .
  • a fiber bundle CF is passed through multiple opening bars 17 so that the fiber bundle CF is widened in a width direction.
  • rotary blades 18 rotate so that multiple teeth 18 a intermittently pierce the opened fiber bundle CF. Accordingly, the fiber bundle CF is intermittently separated in a longitudinal direction so as to form partially unseparated portions among separated multiple fiber bundles CF.
  • the temperature of fiber bundle CF during separation is preferred to be 60° C. or lower, more preferably 50 ⁇ 5° C.
  • FIG. 3 Separation positions of separated fiber bundles CF are described by referring to FIG. 3 .
  • a tow “t” of an opened fiber bundle CF is shown as a thin line
  • a separation line of opened fiber bundle CF is shown as a bold line
  • a cut line of opened fiber bundle CF to be cut by cutter 134 is shown as a broken line.
  • separated fiber bundles CF are supplied to cutter 13 A in a stable condition while avoiding being impacted by meandering fiber bundles CF or askew, meandering or entangled filaments that may occur in fiber bundles CF. Moreover, using relatively low-cost large-tow fiber bundles CF, the production cost of an SMC is reduced.
  • fiber bundles CF separated in separation unit 13 are cut by cutter 13 A, and spread on paste (P).
  • fiber bundles are separated and cut to satisfy either or both conditions of (1) and (3) described above. By so doing, it is easier to homogeneously disperse reinforcing fibers and to enhance the result of impregnating resin. Accordingly, high quality SMCs are achieved.
  • long second sheet (S 2 ) is unwound from second raw material roll (R 2 ) by second sheet supply unit 14 , and paste (P) is coated on second, sheet (S 2 ) at a predetermined thickness by second coating unit 15 .
  • impregnation unit 16 lamination mechanism 31 is used to laminate second sheet (S 2 ) on first sheet (S 1 ).
  • compression mechanism 32 paste (F) and fiber bundles sandwiched between first sheet (S 1 ) and second sheet (S 2 ) are compressed so as to impregnate the thermosetting resin in filaments of fiber bundles. Accordingly, raw material (R) of an SMC is obtained with the thermosetting resin impregnated in filaments of fiber bundles CF.
  • Raw material R of an SMC is wound in a roll and transferred to the next step.
  • Raw material R of an SMC is cut to predetermined lengths and shipped as a final product of sheet-type SMCs (fiber-reinforced resin molding material). Note that first sheet (S 1 ) and second sheet (S 2 ) are peeled off from the SMC prior to the molding process of the SMC.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various modifications are possible within a scope that does not deviate from the gist of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a side view showing another structural example of the fiber bundle supply unit equipped with the SMC production, apparatus shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4B is a front view of the separation unit seen from the transport direction.
  • Multiple saw blades 38 are disposed at predetermined intervals in a width direction (axis (Y) direction) of opened fiber bundle CF. Also, in each saw blade 38 , a series of multiple teeth 38 a are aligned in a direction the same as the transport direction of a fiber bundle CF. In saw blades 38 , positions of multiple teeth 38 a in the transport direction are preferred to correspond to each other. By so setting, piercing is more easily done by teeth 38 a of multiple saw blades 38 aligned in a width direction of a fiber bundle CF.
  • spacer members 38 b are positioned.
  • the upper surface of a spacer member 38 b is positioned slightly above the border of each of teeth 38 a (blade base).
  • paired guide members 40 are positioned on both sides of multiple saw blades 38 in the transport direction. Relative to a fiber bundle CF transported between paired guide members 40 , multiple saw blades 38 are positioned on the side opposite where paired guide members 40 are arranged and are set to be capable of making a vertical reciprocating (oscillating) motion between a position where multiple teeth 38 a pierce a fiber bundle CF and a position away from the fiber bundle CF.
  • a fiber bundle CF is separated in a width direction by multiple teeth 38 a intermittently piercing the opened fiber bundle CF while saw blades 38 oscillate vertically (axis (Z) direction).
  • multiple teeth 38 a pierce to the point where spacer members 38 b make contact with a continuous fiber bundle CF so as to prevent the fiber bundle CF from continuously being separated by, teeth 38 a .
  • multiple separated fiber bundles CF are partially unseparated.
  • separated fiber bundles CF are supplied to cutter 13 A in a stable condition while avoiding being impacted by meandering fiber bundles CF or askew, meandering or entangled filaments that may occur in fiber bundles CF.
  • teeth ( 18 a , 38 a ) are not limited specifically, as long as they are capable of intermittently piercing a continuous fiber bundle CF.
  • teeth ( 18 a , 38 a ) may have such shapes that are shown in FIGS. 5A ⁇ 5 E.
  • teeth ( 18 a , 38 a ) may each be single-beveled or double-beveled.
  • the timing of teeth ( 18 a , 38 a ) intermittently piercing a fiber bundle CF is not limited to corresponding with each other, and the timing may be shifted from each other.
  • teeth ( 18 a , 38 a ) are preferred to have angles that satisfy 30° ⁇ 90° and 10° ⁇ 45° (more preferably 20° ⁇ 30°).
  • the thickness of teeth ( 18 a , 38 a ) is preferred to be set at 0.3 ⁇ 2 mm.
  • An SMC was produced by using the above-mentioned) SMC apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • a separation unit having four rotary blades 18 was used.
  • each rotary blade 18 a series of six teeth 18 a Were aliened in a circumferential direction.
  • Each of teeth 18 a is set to be substantially triangular, having a maximum thickness of 1 mm at the portion that makes contact with a fiber bundle CF, a maximum width of 1 mm at the portion of the blade that makes contact with a fiber bundle, an angle of 64° at the tip of the blade in a width direction (point angle), and an angle of 30° in a thickness direction of the blade (cutting edge angle).
  • positions of multiple teeth 18 a were set to correspond to each other in a circumferential direction.
  • Spacer members 18 b are positioned among rotary blades 18 , and the width of each spacer member 18 b was set at 2.2 m.
  • a carbon fiber bundle (product name: TR 50S15L, number of fibers 15000, made by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was used for a fiber bundle CF.
  • a vinyl ester resin was used as paste (P).
  • the fiber bundle CF was widened to have a width of 15 mm by opening bars 17 .
  • the transport speed of fiber bundle CF during a separation step was 40 m/min.
  • When separated by using four rotary blades 18 , 28.3 mm-long separated portions and 0.5 mm-long unseparated portions were alternately formed continuously′ in a longitudinal direction of the opened fiber bundle CF, while such portions were formed in four rows, being separated at 3 mm-intervals in a width direction of fiber bundle CF.
  • Separated fiber bundles CF were cut by cutter 13 A every 25.4 mm in a longitudinal direction. Cut fiber bundles CF were spread on paste (P) coated on first sheet (S 1 ). The value of “a/L” was 1.11, and “a/(a+b)” was 0.98.
  • An SMC was produced by using the above-mentioned SMC apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • a separation unit having one rotary blade 18 was used.
  • Each of teeth 18 a was set to be substantially triangular, having a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm at the portion that makes contact with a fiber bundle CF, a maximum width of 0.5 mm at the portion of the blade that makes contact with a fiber bundle, an angle of 64° at the tip of the blade in a width direction (point angle), and an angle of 30° in a thickness direction of the blade (cutting edge angle).
  • positions of multiple teeth 18 a were set to correspond to each other in a circumferential direction.
  • Spacer members 18 b are positioned among rotary blades 18 , and the width of each spacer member 18 b is set at 24.5 mm.
  • a carbon fiber bundle (product name: TRW40 50L, number of fibers 50000, made by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was used for a fiber bundle CF.
  • a vinyl ester resin was used as paste (P).
  • the fiber bundle CF was widened to have a width of 25 mm by using opening bars 17 .
  • the transport speed of fiber bundle CF during a separation step was 40 m/min.
  • Separated fiber bundle CF was cut by cutter 13 A every 25.4 mm in a longitudinal direction. Cut fiber bundles CF were, spread on paste (P) coated on first sheet (S 1 ). The value of “a/L” was 1.11, arid “a/(a+b)” was 0.98.
  • a carbon fiber bundle (product name: TR 50S15L, number of fibers 15000, made by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • the fiber bundle CF was widened to have a width of 15 mm by opening bars 17 .
  • the transport speed of fiber bundle CF during a separation step was 40 m/min.
  • 20.4 mm-long separated portions and 1 mm-long unseparated portions were alternately aligned continuously in a longitudinal direction of the opened fiber bundle CF, while such portions were formed in four rows, being separated at 3-mm intervals in a width direction of the fiber bundle CF.
  • the separated fiber bundles CF were cut by cutter 13 A every 25.4 mm in a longitudinal direction. Cut fiber bundles CF were, spread on paste (P) coated on first sheet (S 1 ).
  • the value of “a/L” was 0.8, and “a/(a+b)” was 0.95.
  • a carbon fiber bundle (product name: TR 50S15L, number of fibers 15000, made by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • the fiber bundle CF was widened to have a width of 15 mm by opening bars 17 .
  • the transport speed of fiber bundle CF during a separation step was 40 m/min.
  • Cut fiber bundles CF were cut by cutter 13 A every 25.4 mm in a longitudinal direction. Cut fiber bundles CF were spread on paste (P) coated on first sheet (S 1 ). The value of “a/L” was 1.11, and “a/(a+b)” was 0.89.
  • a carbon fiber bundle (product name: TR 50S15L, number of fibers 15000, made by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • the fiber bundle CF was widened to have a width of 15 mm by opening bars 17 .
  • the transport speed of fiber bundle CF during a separation step was 40 m/min.
  • Cut fiber bundles CF were cut, by cutter 13 A every 25.4 mm in a longitudinal direction. Cut fiber bundles CF were spread on paste (P) coated on first sheet (S 1 ). The value of “a/L” was 1.11, and “a/(a+b)” was 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
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