US20180058765A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180058765A1 US20180058765A1 US15/679,504 US201715679504A US2018058765A1 US 20180058765 A1 US20180058765 A1 US 20180058765A1 US 201715679504 A US201715679504 A US 201715679504A US 2018058765 A1 US2018058765 A1 US 2018058765A1
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- Prior art keywords
- channels
- heat exchanger
- heat
- coolant medium
- exchanger block
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0366—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05333—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/14—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by endowing the walls of conduits with zones of different degrees of conduction of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0089—Oil coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0091—Radiators
- F28D2021/0094—Radiators for recooling the engine coolant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/08—Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
- F28F2210/08—Assemblies of conduits having different features
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
- F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
Definitions
- Exemplary embodiment of the present invention relate to a heat exchanger.
- Heat exchangers used for high-temperature applications are subjected to substantial cyclic thermal tensions as a result of cyclic changes of the temperature and flow rate of process media guided through the heat exchanger.
- the cyclic change of temperature and flow rate of the process medium correspondingly results in a cyclic change of the temperature of the individual components of the heat exchanger, in particular the components of a heat exchanger block, which consists of process channels, coolant medium channels, end plates, lateral parts, and the like, and the collector boxes adjoining thereon, and a cyclically occurring material expansion or compression of the various heat exchanger components which accompanies this.
- a reduction of the thermal tensions can be achieved by the use of flexible components in the heat exchanger block.
- Such heat exchangers are known, for example, from German patent documents DE 202 08 748 U1 and 20 2011 052 186 U1, in which flexible block profiles are used in an edge region of the heat exchanger block, adjoining a collector box, which hold the process channels of the heat exchanger block arranged parallel to one another spaced apart and form the flow channels of the coolant medium together with the fins arranged between the process channels.
- edge process channels in the block length direction For stiffening the edge process channels in the block length direction, manufacturing them from thicker partition plates than the further partition plates used in the interior of the heat exchanger block is also known.
- the maximum material temperature difference between the edge process channels and the process channels arranged adjacent thereto further into the interior of the heat exchanger block does not thus change. A further tension reduction is therefore not achievable by this measure.
- the maximum material temperature difference between two adjoining process channels can reach up to 20 K or even up to 40 K in running operation in critical block regions in the heat exchangers considered here.
- Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed to a heat exchanger having lengthened service life and lower risk of cracks.
- a heat exchanger according to the invention has a heat exchanger block, a first collector box, which is arranged on a first end face of the heat exchanger block, and a second collector box, which is arranged on a second end face of the heat exchanger block opposite to the first end face of the heat exchanger block.
- the heat exchanger block has multiple process channels, which are arranged in parallel to one another and connect the first collector box to the second collector box, for through flow of a process medium, and also multiple coolant medium channels for through flow of a coolant medium, wherein the coolant medium channels are arranged between the process channels, wherein adjacent process channels are formed having different material masses and/or heat-transferring areas of different sizes and/or structural flow resistances of different sizes and/or coolant medium channels are formed having different material masses and/or heat-transferring areas of different sizes, so that in operation, in the event of a cyclic temperature change of the process medium, an equal or nearly equal material temperature gradient results between adjacent process channels and lateral parts in the heat exchanger block.
- the process channels, coolant medium channels, and lateral parts are formed so that an equal or nearly equal cyclic change of the material temperatures of adjacent process channels is reached, whereby the maximum temperature difference between the process channels, in particular in the critical block regions, is reduced by at least two or three times in relation to the construction of heat exchangers known from the prior art.
- the process channels having higher heat-transfer rate than the process channels adjoining them are formed having an up to three times greater material mass and/or having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area and/or having an up to five times greater structural flow resistance than the adjoining process channels.
- Such different material masses are achieved, for example, by the use of similar passage components such as partition plates, turbulators, or longitudinal profiles having different structural dimensions and also optional additional components, for example, intermediate profiles or the use of pipes having different pipe dimensions, for example, different pipe thicknesses or pipe heights in one process channel in relation to two adjoining process channels.
- similar passage components such as partition plates, turbulators, or longitudinal profiles having different structural dimensions and also optional additional components, for example, intermediate profiles or the use of pipes having different pipe dimensions, for example, different pipe thicknesses or pipe heights in one process channel in relation to two adjoining process channels.
- the process channels adjoining a process channel having a higher heat transfer rate than the process channels adjacent thereto are formed having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area than the adjacent, adjoining process channels in the heat exchanger block.
- Such a heat-transferring area which is up to three times smaller, can be achieved, for example, by corresponding different structural dimensions, in particular lobe parts of the turbulators or different rib divisions.
- Heat transfers of different sizes from the process medium to the coolant medium channels thus occur in adjacent process channels, which has the result that the maximum difference between the cyclic material temperatures of the adjoining process channels is reduced in the event of a thermal cyclic stress.
- the coolant medium channels adjoining a process channel having a higher heat transfer are formed having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area.
- the reduction of the heat-transferring area in the above-mentioned coolant medium channels is achieved, for example, by up to three times reduction of the height of the coolant medium channels and/or the use of fins or guide plates in the coolant medium channels having an up to five times greater fin lobe or guide plate division.
- the process channels enabling a higher heat transfer than the adjoining process channels are formed having up to five times higher structural flow resistances for process medium in comparison to these above-mentioned adjoining process channels.
- a ratio is thus increased between the flow rates of the process medium in the adjoining process channels.
- the maximum difference between the cyclic material temperatures in the adjoining process channels is decreased by up to three times, which results in a substantial reduction of the thermal tensions.
- the end plates/lateral parts are formed having an up to five times smaller material mass than the material mass of the edge process channels.
- the negative influence of the end plate/lateral part on the cyclic change of the material temperature of the edge process channels is thus reduced, which results in a reduction of the maximum material temperature difference between the edge process channels and adjoining process channels in the heat exchanger block.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of one embodiment variant of a heat exchanger according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view A-A of the heat exchanger from FIG. 1 transversely to the flow direction of the process medium with process channels having rectangular channel cross section,
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view A-A of the heat exchanger from FIG. 1 transversely to the flow direction of the process medium with process channels having oval channel cross section,
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view A-A of the heat exchanger from FIG. 1 transversely to the flow direction of the process medium with process channels having circular channel cross section,
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger from FIG. 2 along a line B-B, parallel to the flow direction of the process medium
- FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger from FIG. 3 along a line C-C parallel to the flow direction of the process medium
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger from FIG. 4 along a line D-D parallel to the flow direction of the process medium.
- a heat exchanger block is identified as a whole with the reference sign 1 .
- the heat exchanger block 1 has multiple separate process channels 2 arranged parallel to one another, which are used for the through flow of a process medium in a direction X from an entry box 3 , which is arranged on a first end face of the heat exchanger block 1 , to an exit box 4 , which is arranged on a second end face of the heat exchanger block 1 .
- the process channels 2 protrude in this case with respective open ends into the entry box 3 and the exit box 4 .
- the heat exchanger block 1 furthermore has multiple coolant medium channels 5 for the through flow of a coolant medium.
- the coolant medium channels 5 are arranged between inner process channels 2 and between edge process channels 6 arranged on an outer edge of the heat exchanger block 1 and also lateral parts 7 , preferably embodied as end plates, in the heat exchanger block 1 .
- the coolant medium channels 5 are arranged in the heat exchanger block 1 so that a through flow of the coolant medium between the process channels 2 occurs in a transverse direction or a direction parallel to the directional flow Y of the process medium.
- an inlet nozzle 8 is provided on a head side of the entry box 3 , through which the process medium can be supplied into the entry box 3 .
- An outlet nozzle 9 is accordingly provided on a head side of the exit box 4 , through which the process medium can be guided out of the exit box 4 .
- the inlet nozzle 8 and the outlet nozzle can also be arranged on one of the other sides of the entry box 3 or exit box 4 , respectively.
- the inlet nozzle 8 and outlet nozzle 9 are accommodated in this case in a receptacle opening, which corresponds to the cross section of the inlet nozzle 8 or the outlet nozzle 9 , respectively, in the head side of the entry box 3 or the exit box 4 , respectively.
- the process channels 2 can be formed having different cross sections.
- the process channels 2 in the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 2 are thus formed from respective partition plates 10 , between which turbulators 12 or ribs are arranged.
- a lateral closure of these process channels 2 is achieved here by the use of strips or longitudinal profiles 11 .
- the process channels 2 are formed as pipes 13 formed having oval channel cross section. Turbulators 12 are inserted into the pipe interior of these pipes 13 in the embodiment variant shown here.
- the process channels 2 are formed in the form of pipes having circular cross section. As also in the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 3 , multiple such process channels 2 are arranged here perpendicularly to the through flow direction of adjacent to one another and one on top of another.
- the process channels arranged on an outer edge of the heat exchanger block 1 are provided with the reference sign 6
- the process channels enclosed by the edge process channels 6 are provided with the reference sign 13 .
- FIGS. 5 to 7 show that the coolant medium channels 5 are also preferably provided with fins 15 or guide plates 16 .
- adjacent process channels 2 , 6 and coolant medium channels 5 are formed having different material masses and/or heat-transferring areas of different sizes and/or structural flow resistances of different sizes, so that in operation, a temperature change of the process medium results in an equal or nearly equal material temperature gradient between adjacent process channels 2 , 6 and lateral parts 7 in the heat exchanger block 1 , whereby the maximum temperature difference between individual adjacent process channels is reduced by at least 2 to 3 times in relation to heat exchanger blocks known from the prior art.
- the material mass of process channels 2 , 6 having higher heat transfer rate than the process channels 2 , 6 adjoining them is formed having an up to three times greater material mass than these adjoining process channels.
- the heat-transferring area of the process channels 2 , 6 having higher heat transfer rate than the process channels 2 , 6 adjoining them is up to three times smaller than the heat-transferring area of adjoining process channels 2 , 6 . This is achieved, for example, by enlarging the lobe division of turbulators or the use of fewer heat-transferring ribs 14 in the process channels 2 , 6 , into which the hottest component of process medium flows, in relation to the process channels through which a component of the process medium flows which is already partially cooled.
- respective coolant medium channels 5 which adjoin a process channel 2 , 6 having a higher heat transfer rate than the process channels 2 , 6 adjacent to them, are formed having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area than adjacent coolant medium channels 5 in the heat exchanger block 1 .
- coolant medium channels 5 between edge process channels 6 and lateral parts 7 are formed having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area than other coolant medium channels 5 in the heat exchanger block 1 .
- the lateral parts 7 are preferably formed having an up to five times smaller material mass than the material mass of the edge process channels 6 .
- the material temperature gradient between adjacent process channels 2 , 6 and lateral parts 7 in the heat exchanger block 1 upon the through flow of the process channels with the process medium and the through flow of the coolant medium channels with a coolant medium can be kept constant or nearly constant and as small as possible, whereby thermally-related tensions in the heat exchanger block are significantly reduced and therefore the service life of such heat exchangers is lengthened.
Abstract
Description
- The present application claims priority to German patent application DE 20 2016 104 702.1, filed Aug. 26, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is herein expressly incorporated by reference.
- Exemplary embodiment of the present invention relate to a heat exchanger.
- Heat exchangers used for high-temperature applications, for example, in charge air coolers, radiators, and oil coolers of motor vehicles and construction machines, are subjected to substantial cyclic thermal tensions as a result of cyclic changes of the temperature and flow rate of process media guided through the heat exchanger.
- The cyclic change of temperature and flow rate of the process medium correspondingly results in a cyclic change of the temperature of the individual components of the heat exchanger, in particular the components of a heat exchanger block, which consists of process channels, coolant medium channels, end plates, lateral parts, and the like, and the collector boxes adjoining thereon, and a cyclically occurring material expansion or compression of the various heat exchanger components which accompanies this.
- These components are fixedly connected to one another by soldering or in another manner to form a rigid block, so that high thermal tensions occur in and between the individual components, which has a negative effect on the service life of the radiator.
- To lengthen the service life of such a heat exchanger, it is important to reduce the occurring thermal tensions as a result of the above-described cyclic thermal expansions, primarily in the block length and block width directions.
- A reduction of the thermal tensions can be achieved by the use of flexible components in the heat exchanger block. Such heat exchangers are known, for example, from German patent documents DE 202 08 748 U1 and 20 2011 052 186 U1, in which flexible block profiles are used in an edge region of the heat exchanger block, adjoining a collector box, which hold the process channels of the heat exchanger block arranged parallel to one another spaced apart and form the flow channels of the coolant medium together with the fins arranged between the process channels.
- These heat exchangers achieve a reduction of the tensions induced by cyclic thermal expansions in the block width direction of approximately 50% compared to heat exchangers having nonflexible block profiles.
- However, it has been shown that the maximum tensions occurring in the block longitudinal direction are reduced only slightly in spite of the flexibly designed block profile.
- To reduce the maximum tensions in edge-side process channels of a heat exchanger block, in particular in the block length direction, providing slots in end or terminal plates of the heat exchanger block, which close the heat exchanger block on an upper side and a lower side, is known from European
patent document EP 0 748 995 B1. The tension in the edge process channels is only reducible by 1.1 to 1.3 times in this way, however. - For stiffening the edge process channels in the block length direction, manufacturing them from thicker partition plates than the further partition plates used in the interior of the heat exchanger block is also known. However, the maximum material temperature difference between the edge process channels and the process channels arranged adjacent thereto further into the interior of the heat exchanger block does not thus change. A further tension reduction is therefore not achievable by this measure.
- The maximum material temperature difference between two adjoining process channels can reach up to 20 K or even up to 40 K in running operation in critical block regions in the heat exchangers considered here.
- Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed to a heat exchanger having lengthened service life and lower risk of cracks.
- A heat exchanger according to the invention has a heat exchanger block, a first collector box, which is arranged on a first end face of the heat exchanger block, and a second collector box, which is arranged on a second end face of the heat exchanger block opposite to the first end face of the heat exchanger block.
- The heat exchanger block has multiple process channels, which are arranged in parallel to one another and connect the first collector box to the second collector box, for through flow of a process medium, and also multiple coolant medium channels for through flow of a coolant medium, wherein the coolant medium channels are arranged between the process channels, wherein adjacent process channels are formed having different material masses and/or heat-transferring areas of different sizes and/or structural flow resistances of different sizes and/or coolant medium channels are formed having different material masses and/or heat-transferring areas of different sizes, so that in operation, in the event of a cyclic temperature change of the process medium, an equal or nearly equal material temperature gradient results between adjacent process channels and lateral parts in the heat exchanger block.
- Due to the combinations of different material masses, heat-transferring areas, and/or structural flow resistances, the process channels, coolant medium channels, and lateral parts are formed so that an equal or nearly equal cyclic change of the material temperatures of adjacent process channels is reached, whereby the maximum temperature difference between the process channels, in particular in the critical block regions, is reduced by at least two or three times in relation to the construction of heat exchangers known from the prior art.
- A reduction of the thermally-related tensions in the heat exchanger block by up to two times is thus enabled in the block length direction.
- According to one preferred embodiment variant, the process channels having higher heat-transfer rate than the process channels adjoining them are formed having an up to three times greater material mass and/or having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area and/or having an up to five times greater structural flow resistance than the adjoining process channels.
- Such different material masses are achieved, for example, by the use of similar passage components such as partition plates, turbulators, or longitudinal profiles having different structural dimensions and also optional additional components, for example, intermediate profiles or the use of pipes having different pipe dimensions, for example, different pipe thicknesses or pipe heights in one process channel in relation to two adjoining process channels.
- A reduction of the maximum difference between the material temperatures of adjacent process channels in the event of a thermal cyclic stress by up to 2.5 times is thus enabled.
- According to a further preferred embodiment variant, the process channels adjoining a process channel having a higher heat transfer rate than the process channels adjacent thereto are formed having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area than the adjacent, adjoining process channels in the heat exchanger block.
- Such a heat-transferring area, which is up to three times smaller, can be achieved, for example, by corresponding different structural dimensions, in particular lobe parts of the turbulators or different rib divisions.
- Heat transfers of different sizes from the process medium to the coolant medium channels thus occur in adjacent process channels, which has the result that the maximum difference between the cyclic material temperatures of the adjoining process channels is reduced in the event of a thermal cyclic stress.
- According to a further preferred embodiment variant, the coolant medium channels adjoining a process channel having a higher heat transfer are formed having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area.
- The reduction of the heat-transferring area in the above-mentioned coolant medium channels is achieved, for example, by up to three times reduction of the height of the coolant medium channels and/or the use of fins or guide plates in the coolant medium channels having an up to five times greater fin lobe or guide plate division.
- The difference between the heat transfers in two adjoining process channels is thus reduced, which has the result that the maximum difference between the cyclic material temperatures of the adjoining process channels is reduced by up to two times.
- According to still another preferred embodiment variant, the process channels enabling a higher heat transfer than the adjoining process channels are formed having up to five times higher structural flow resistances for process medium in comparison to these above-mentioned adjoining process channels.
- This is achieved, for example, by the use of the different turbulators, longitudinal profiles, or additional components, for example, intermediate profiles, and also pipes having a smaller flow cross section for the flow of the process medium.
- A ratio is thus increased between the flow rates of the process medium in the adjoining process channels. As a result, the maximum difference between the cyclic material temperatures in the adjoining process channels is decreased by up to three times, which results in a substantial reduction of the thermal tensions.
- According to still another preferred embodiment variant, the end plates/lateral parts are formed having an up to five times smaller material mass than the material mass of the edge process channels. The negative influence of the end plate/lateral part on the cyclic change of the material temperature of the edge process channels is thus reduced, which results in a reduction of the maximum material temperature difference between the edge process channels and adjoining process channels in the heat exchanger block.
- Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained in greater detail hereafter on the basis of the appended drawings.
- In the figures:
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of one embodiment variant of a heat exchanger according to the invention, -
FIG. 2 shows a sectional view A-A of the heat exchanger fromFIG. 1 transversely to the flow direction of the process medium with process channels having rectangular channel cross section, -
FIG. 3 shows a sectional view A-A of the heat exchanger fromFIG. 1 transversely to the flow direction of the process medium with process channels having oval channel cross section, -
FIG. 4 shows a sectional view A-A of the heat exchanger fromFIG. 1 transversely to the flow direction of the process medium with process channels having circular channel cross section, -
FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger fromFIG. 2 along a line B-B, parallel to the flow direction of the process medium, -
FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger fromFIG. 3 along a line C-C parallel to the flow direction of the process medium, -
FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger fromFIG. 4 along a line D-D parallel to the flow direction of the process medium. - In the following description of the figures, terms such as above, below, left, right, front, rear, etc. relate exclusively to the illustration and position selected by way of example in the respective figures of the heat exchanger, the process channels, coolant medium channels, lateral parts, and the like. These terms are not to be understood as restrictive, this means that these references can change due to different operating positions or mirror-symmetrical design or the like.
- In
FIG. 1 , a heat exchanger block is identified as a whole with the reference sign 1. The heat exchanger block 1 has multipleseparate process channels 2 arranged parallel to one another, which are used for the through flow of a process medium in a direction X from anentry box 3, which is arranged on a first end face of the heat exchanger block 1, to anexit box 4, which is arranged on a second end face of the heat exchanger block 1. Theprocess channels 2 protrude in this case with respective open ends into theentry box 3 and theexit box 4. - The heat exchanger block 1 furthermore has multiple
coolant medium channels 5 for the through flow of a coolant medium. Thecoolant medium channels 5 are arranged betweeninner process channels 2 and betweenedge process channels 6 arranged on an outer edge of the heat exchanger block 1 and alsolateral parts 7, preferably embodied as end plates, in the heat exchanger block 1. - The
coolant medium channels 5 are arranged in the heat exchanger block 1 so that a through flow of the coolant medium between theprocess channels 2 occurs in a transverse direction or a direction parallel to the directional flow Y of the process medium. - As is further illustrated in
FIG. 1 , aninlet nozzle 8 is provided on a head side of theentry box 3, through which the process medium can be supplied into theentry box 3. - An outlet nozzle 9 is accordingly provided on a head side of the
exit box 4, through which the process medium can be guided out of theexit box 4. - The
inlet nozzle 8 and the outlet nozzle can also be arranged on one of the other sides of theentry box 3 orexit box 4, respectively. - The
inlet nozzle 8 and outlet nozzle 9 are accommodated in this case in a receptacle opening, which corresponds to the cross section of theinlet nozzle 8 or the outlet nozzle 9, respectively, in the head side of theentry box 3 or theexit box 4, respectively. - As shown in
FIGS. 2 to 4 , theprocess channels 2 can be formed having different cross sections. Theprocess channels 2 in the embodiment variant shown inFIG. 2 are thus formed fromrespective partition plates 10, between whichturbulators 12 or ribs are arranged. A lateral closure of theseprocess channels 2 is achieved here by the use of strips orlongitudinal profiles 11. - In the embodiment variant shown in
FIG. 3 , theprocess channels 2 are formed aspipes 13 formed having oval channel cross section.Turbulators 12 are inserted into the pipe interior of thesepipes 13 in the embodiment variant shown here. - In the embodiment variant shown in
FIG. 4 , theprocess channels 2 are formed in the form of pipes having circular cross section. As also in the embodiment variant shown inFIG. 3 , multiplesuch process channels 2 are arranged here perpendicularly to the through flow direction of adjacent to one another and one on top of another. - As can furthermore be seen in
FIG. 4 , the process channels arranged on an outer edge of the heat exchanger block 1 are provided with thereference sign 6, while the process channels enclosed by theedge process channels 6 are provided with thereference sign 13. -
FIGS. 5 to 7 show that thecoolant medium channels 5 are also preferably provided withfins 15 or guideplates 16. - For all embodiment variants shown in
FIGS. 2-7 ,adjacent process channels coolant medium channels 5 are formed having different material masses and/or heat-transferring areas of different sizes and/or structural flow resistances of different sizes, so that in operation, a temperature change of the process medium results in an equal or nearly equal material temperature gradient betweenadjacent process channels lateral parts 7 in the heat exchanger block 1, whereby the maximum temperature difference between individual adjacent process channels is reduced by at least 2 to 3 times in relation to heat exchanger blocks known from the prior art. - Thus, according to one embodiment variant of a heat exchanger according to the invention, the material mass of
process channels process channels - Alternatively or additionally, the heat-transferring area of the
process channels process channels process channels process channels - Alternatively or additionally, respective
coolant medium channels 5, which adjoin aprocess channel process channels coolant medium channels 5 in the heat exchanger block 1. - Thus, in particular the
coolant medium channels 5 betweenedge process channels 6 andlateral parts 7 are formed having an up to three times smaller heat-transferring area than othercoolant medium channels 5 in the heat exchanger block 1. - Furthermore, the
lateral parts 7 are preferably formed having an up to five times smaller material mass than the material mass of theedge process channels 6. - In each case, due to the formation of the process channels and coolant medium channels having different material masses or heat-transferring areas of different sizes, the material temperature gradient between
adjacent process channels lateral parts 7 in the heat exchanger block 1 upon the through flow of the process channels with the process medium and the through flow of the coolant medium channels with a coolant medium can be kept constant or nearly constant and as small as possible, whereby thermally-related tensions in the heat exchanger block are significantly reduced and therefore the service life of such heat exchangers is lengthened. - Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the examples disclosed, and other variations can be derived from these by the person skilled in the art without leaving the scope of the invention. It is therefore clear that there is a plurality of possible variations. It is also clear that embodiments stated by way of example are only really examples that are not to be seen as limiting the scope, application possibilities or configuration of the invention in any way. In fact, the preceding description and the description of the figures enable the person skilled in the art to implement the exemplary embodiments in concrete manner, wherein, with the knowledge of the disclosed inventive concept, the person skilled in the art is able to undertake various changes, for example, with regard to the functioning or arrangement of individual elements stated in an exemplary embodiment without leaving the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims and their legal equivalents, such as further explanations in the description.
-
- 1 heat exchanger block
- 2 process channels
- 3 entry box
- 4 exit box
- 5 coolant medium channels
- 6 edge process channels
- 7 end plates/lateral parts
- 8 inlet nozzle
- 9 outlet nozzle
- 10 partition plates
- 11 longitudinal profiles
- 12 turbulators
- 13 pipes
- 14 ribs
- 15 fins
- 16 guide plates
- L length of the heat exchanger block
- B width of the heat exchanger block
- T depth of the heat exchanger block
- X through flow direction of the process medium to be cooled
- Y through flow direction of the coolant medium
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202016104702.1U DE202016104702U1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | heat exchangers |
DE202016104702.1 | 2016-08-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20180058765A1 true US20180058765A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
Family
ID=60662036
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/679,504 Abandoned US20180058765A1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2017-08-17 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180058765A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE202016104702U1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180328285A1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | Unison Industries, Llc | Heat exchanger |
US10317150B2 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-06-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Staged high temperature heat exchanger |
US20190285351A1 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Parting sheet in heat exchanger core |
US20190285363A1 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integral heat exchanger core reinforcement |
US11365942B2 (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2022-06-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integral heat exchanger mounts |
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US1805917A (en) * | 1927-08-04 | 1931-05-19 | Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab | Cooler contacting with circulating air |
US1940964A (en) * | 1931-01-21 | 1933-12-26 | Patrick J Mcintyre | Radiator construction |
US4791982A (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1988-12-20 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh | Radiator assembly |
US6394176B1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2002-05-28 | Valeo Thermique Moteur | Combined heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle |
US6425261B2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2002-07-30 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Condenser for a vehicle air-conditioning system |
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GB2303437A (en) | 1995-06-12 | 1997-02-19 | Ford Motor Co | Stress relief in heat exchangers |
DE20208748U1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-10-02 | Autokuehler Gmbh & Co Kg | Heat exchanger comprises corrugated plates at right angles to each other, hot medium flowing through plates in one set while coolant flows through alternating plates with block profiles at ends |
US7506683B2 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2009-03-24 | Valeo, Inc. | Multi-type fins for multi-exchangers |
DE202011052186U1 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2013-03-06 | Autokühler GmbH & Co KG | heat exchangers |
-
2016
- 2016-08-26 DE DE202016104702.1U patent/DE202016104702U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2017
- 2017-08-17 US US15/679,504 patent/US20180058765A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-08-22 DE DE102017119119.4A patent/DE102017119119A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1805917A (en) * | 1927-08-04 | 1931-05-19 | Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab | Cooler contacting with circulating air |
US1940964A (en) * | 1931-01-21 | 1933-12-26 | Patrick J Mcintyre | Radiator construction |
US4791982A (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1988-12-20 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh | Radiator assembly |
US6394176B1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2002-05-28 | Valeo Thermique Moteur | Combined heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle |
US6425261B2 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2002-07-30 | Behr Gmbh & Co. | Condenser for a vehicle air-conditioning system |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10317150B2 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-06-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Staged high temperature heat exchanger |
US20180328285A1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-11-15 | Unison Industries, Llc | Heat exchanger |
US20190285351A1 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Parting sheet in heat exchanger core |
US20190285363A1 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integral heat exchanger core reinforcement |
US10465992B2 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-11-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Parting sheet in heat exchanger core |
US11365942B2 (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2022-06-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integral heat exchanger mounts |
US11740036B2 (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2023-08-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integral heat exchanger mounts |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102017119119A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
DE202016104702U1 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
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