Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
  • C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
  • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
  • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
  • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the steel sheet, and in particular, to a high-strength, cold-rolled steel sheet which can be used for structural parts of, for example, an automobile.
• a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet is required to be excellent in terms of press formability (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “formability”) and delayed fracturing resistance.
• Patent Literature 1 proposes a cold-rolled steel sheet having a strength-ductility balance represented by a product (TS ⁇ El) of tensile strength (TS) and elongation (El) of 17000 MPa ⁇ % or more which is obtained by performing recrystallization annealing at a temperature equal to or higher than the A 3 transformation temperature on a cold-rolled steel sheet whose A 1 transformation temperature and A 3 transformation temperature are controlled by optimizing the contents of Ti, Nb, Mn, and Ni in the chemical composition of steel in order to form a fine microstructure including mainly fine ferrite having an average crystal grain diameter of 3.5 ⁇ m or less.
• TS ⁇ El tensile strength
• El elongation
• Patent Literature 2 proposes a Zn—Al—Mg alloy coated steel sheet having a tensile strength (TS) of 590 MPa or more and excellent local ductility which is obtained by adding Ti in an amount of 0.08 mass % or more and by forming a steel microstructure including ferrite and martensite, and a method for manufacturing the steel sheet.
• TS tensile strength
• Patent Literature 2 although there is an example having a tensile strength (TS) of 1150 MPa or more, it is not possible to achieve sufficient elongation with which it is possible to perform press forming in order to obtain a complex shape.
• TS tensile strength
• Patent Literature 2 since there is no mention of delayed fracturing resistance in Patent Literature 1 or Patent Literature 2, the technique according to Patent Literature 1 or Patent Literature 2 does not satisfy necessary and sufficient condition which is required for an automotive steel sheet, because an increase in strength is accompanied by a risk of delayed fracturing occurring due to hydrogen entering from a natural environment, for example, when the steel sheet is used for an automobile.
• an object of certain embodiments of the present invention is, by solving the problems with the conventional techniques described above, to provide a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in terms of elongation and delayed fracturing resistance and a method for manufacturing the steel sheet.
• Increasing the volume fraction of soft ferrite is important for achieving sufficient elongation.
• the presence of hard martensite is important for achieving a tensile strength (TS) of 1150 MPa or more.
• TS tensile strength
• martensite grains combine with each other so that ferrite grains are isolated (surrounded)
• ferrite cannot sufficiently contribute to an increase in ductility.
• the hardness of martensite is sufficiently increased by adding a specified amount of C, that satisfactory elongation is achieved by preventing martensite grains from combining with each other through the control of the volume fraction of tempered martensite as a result of adding Ti and/or Nb in order to finely make crystal grains of ferrite and martensite, and that fine carbides of Ti and/or Nb contribute to an improvement in delayed fracturing resistance as a result of such carbides functioning as the trap sites of hydrogen.
• TS tensile strength
• the fine carbides of Ti and/or Nb not only have an influence on the trap sites of hydrogen but also increase the hardness of ferrite, such carbides also have a function of improving tensile strength (TS).
• TS tensile strength
• performing heating to an annealing temperature at an optimized heating rate makes crystal grains fine, which results in an improvement in elongation and delayed fracturing resistance.
• the volume fraction of non-recrystallized ferrite is equal to or less than a specified value, it is possible to improve strength without causing any negative influence on elongation or delayed fracturing resistance.
• a multi-phase microstructure including ferrite having an average crystal grain diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less in an amount of 45% to 65% in terms of volume fraction, tempered martensite having an average crystal grain diameter of 2 ⁇ m or less in an amount of 35% to 55% in terms of volume fraction, and optionally non-recrystallized ferrite having an average crystal grain diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less in an amount of 5% or less in terms of volume fraction.
• a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet refers to a cold-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength (TS) of 1150 MPa or more.
• delayed fracturing refers to delayed fracturing which is caused by hydrogen entering a member after a steel sheet has been subjected to forming work in order to obtain the member.
• a first average cooling rate” through “a fourth average cooling rate” respectively refer to values calculated by dividing the differences between the cooling start temperatures and the cooling stop temperatures by cooling times in the first cooling through the fourth cooling.
• a first average heating rate and “a second average heating rate” respectively refer to values calculated by dividing the difference between the heating stop temperatures and the heating start temperatures by heating times.
• a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength (TS) of 1150 MPa or more and a high elongation which is accompanied by excellent formability.
• this high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet has excellent delayed fracturing resistance.
• the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention has a chemical composition containing, by massa, C: 0.16% to 0.30%, Si: 1.2% to 2.2%, Mn: 1.5% to 2.5%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.007% or less, at least one of Ti and Nb, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the combined mass % of Tiand Nb is 0.04% to 0.15%, and a multi-phase microstructure including ferrite having an average crystal grain diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less in an amount of 45% to 65% in terms of volume fraction, tempered martensite having an average crystal grain diameter of 2 ⁇ m or less in an amount of 35% to 55% in terms of volume fraction, and optionally non-recrystallized ferrite having an average crystal grain diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less in an amount of 5% or less in terms of volume fraction.
• C is a chemical element which is effective for increasing the strength of a steel sheet, which also contributes to the formation of tempered martensite, that is, a second phase in embodiments of the present invention, and which increases the hardness of tempered martensite.
• the C content is set to be 0.16% or more, or preferably 0.20% or more.
• the C content is set to be 0.30% or less, or preferably 0.26% or less.
• a second phase refers to a phase which is different from ferrite, and the meaning of the term “a second phase” includes tempered martensite.
• bainite, retained austenite, and pearlite may be included.
• Si increases the strength of ferrite through solid solution strengthening.
• the Si content is set to be 1.2% or more, or preferably 1.3% or more.
• the Si content is set to be 2.2% or less, or preferably 2.0% or less.
• Mn is a chemical element which contributes to an increase in strength through solid solution strengthening and by facilitating the formation of the second phases and which stabilizes austenite.
• the Mn content is set to be 1.5% or more.
• the Mn content is set to be 2.5% or less, or preferably 2.3% or less.
• the P content is set to be 0.05% or less, or preferably 0.04% or less.
• the S content is set to be 0.005% or less, or preferably 0.004% or less.
• the S content be 0.0002% or more.
• the Al content is set to be 0.10% or loss, or preferably 0.08% or less.
• the Al content it is preferable that the Al content be 0.01% or more.
• the N content is set to be 0.007% or less, or preferably 0.005% or less.
• Ti is a chemical element which can contribute an increase in strength by forming fine carbonitrides.
• austenite is formed from non-recrystallized worked ferrite in an annealing process, which results in significantly making a fine steel microstructure.
• the Ti content is less than 0.04%, such an effect is small, and there is deterioration in the balance between tensile strength (TS) and elongation (El), which is represented by the product of tensile strength and elongation, due to the formation of an inhomogeneous microstructure.
• At least one of Ti and Nb should be added, and, in the case where Ti is added, the Ti content is set to be 0.04% or more.
• the Ti content is more than 0.15%, since the effect of the steel microstructure fining becomes saturated, and since coarse carbides which do not contributes to the steel microstructure fining or to an increase in strength are retained after slab heating has been performed, the balance between tensile strength (TS) and elongation (El), which is represented by the product of tensile strength and elongation is deteriorated. Therefore, at least one of Ti and Nb should be added, and, in the case where Ti is added, the Ti content is set to be 0.15% or less.
• Nb is a chemical element which can contribute an increase in strength by forming fine carbonitrides.
• austenite is formed from non-recrystallized worked ferrite in an annealing process, which significantly makes a fine steel microstructure.
• the Nb content is less than 0.04%, such an effect is small, and there is deterioration in the balance between tensile strength (TS) and elongation (El), which is represented by the product of tensile strength and elongation, due to the formation of an inhomogeneous microstructure.
• At least one of Ti and Nb should be added, and, in the case where Nb is added, the Nb content is set to be 0.04% or more.
• the Nb content is set to be 0.15%.
• the remainder except the constituent chemical elements described above is Fe and inevitable impurities.
• the inevitable impurities include Sb, Sn, Zn, and Co, and the acceptable ranges of the contents of these chemical elements are respectively Sb: 0.01% or less, Sn: 0.10% or less, Zn: 0.01% or less, and Co: 0.10% or less.
• Ta, Mg, and Zr are added in amounts within the ranges which are common among ordinary steel chemical compositions, there is no decrease in the effects of certain embodiments of the present invention.
• one, two, or more of the following chemical elements may be added in addition to the constituent chemical elements described above.
• B contributes to an increase in strength by increasing hardenability and by facilitating the formation of the second phases
• B may be added as needed.
• the B content be 0.0003% or more.
• the B content in the case where the B content is more than 0.010%, such an effect becomes saturated. Therefore, in the case where B is added, it is preferable that the B content be 0.010% or less, or more preferably 0.005% or less.
• V 0.50% or less
• V contributes to an increase in strength by forming fine carbonitrides
• V may be added as needed.
• the V content be 0.01% or more.
• the V content be 0.50% or less.
• Cr is a chemical element which contributes to an increase in strength by facilitating the formation of the second phases
• Cr may be added as needed.
• the Cr content be 0.10% or more.
• the Cr content in the case where the Cr content is more than 0.50%, an excessive amount of tempered martensite is formed. Therefore, in the case where Cr is added, it is preferable that the Cr content be 0.50% or less.
• Mo is a chemical element which contributes to an increase in strength by facilitating the formation of the second phases and by partially forming carbides
• Mo may be added as needed. In order to realize such an effect, it is preferable that the Mo content be 0.05% or more. On the other hand, in the case where the Mo content is more than 0.50%, such an effect becomes saturated. Therefore, in the case where Mo is added, it is preferable that the Mo content be 0.50% or less.
• Cu is a chemical element which contributes to an increase in strength through solid solution strengthening and by facilitating the formation of the second phases
• Cu may be added as needed.
• the Cu content be 0.05% or more.
• the Cu content in the case where the Cu content is more than 0.50%, such an effect becomes saturated, and surface defects caused by Cu tend to occur. Therefore, in the case where Cu is added, it is preferable that the Cu content be 0.50% or less.
• Ni is, like Cu, a chemical element which contributes to an increase in strength through solid solution strengthening and by facilitating the formation of the second phases
• Ni may be added as needed.
• the Ni content be 0.05% or more.
• the Ni content is more than 0.50%, such effects become saturated. Therefore, in the case where Ni is added, it is preferable that the Ni content be 0.50% or less.
• Ca contributes to reducing the negative effect of sulfides on elongation by spheroidizing the shape of sulfides
• Ca may be added as needed.
• the Ca content is more than 0.0050%, the sulfides of Ca deteriorate bendability. Therefore, in the case where Ca is added, it is preferable that the Ca content be 0.0050% or less.
• REM since REM, like Ca, contributes to reducing the negative effect of sulfides on elongation by spheroidizing the shape of sulfides, REM may be added as needed. In order to realize such an effect, it is preferable that the REM content be 0.0005% or more. On the other hand, in the case where the REM content is more than 0.0050%, such an effect becomes saturated. Therefore, in the case where REM is added, it is preferable that the REM content be 0.0050% or less.
• the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to embodiments of the present invention includes ferrite and tempered martensite.
• the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to embodiments of the present invention may include non-recrystallized ferrite.
• the ferrite has an average crystal grain diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less and a volume fraction of 45% to 65%.
• the tempered martensite has an average crystal grain diameter of 2 ⁇ m or less and a volume fraction of 35% to 55%.
• the non-recrystallized ferrite has an average crystal grain diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less and a volume fraction of 5% or less (including 0%).
• a volume fraction here shall refer to a volume fraction with respect to the whole steel sheet, and the same shall apply hereinafter.
• the lower limit of the volume fraction of ferrite is set to be 45%, or preferably more than 50%.
• the volume fraction of ferrite described above is more than 65%, it is difficult to achieve a tensile strength (TS) of 1150 MPa or more even in the case where there is an increase in the hardness of tempered martensite. Therefore, the volume fraction of ferrite is set to be 65% or less, or preferably 60% or less.
• the average crystal grain diameter of ferrite is set to be 3 ⁇ m or less, or preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or less.
• the volume fraction of tempered martensite described above is less than 35%, it is difficult to achieve a tensile strength (TS) of 1150 MPa or more even in the case where there is an increase in the hardness of tempered martensite. Therefore, the lower limit of the volume fraction of tempered martensite is set to be 35%. On the other hand, in the case where the volume fraction of tempered martensite is more than 55%, since tempered martensite grains tend to combine with each other, it is not possible to achieve sufficient elongation. Therefore, the volume fraction of tempered martensite is set to be 55% or less, or preferably 50% or less.
• the average crystal grain diameter of tempered martensite is set to be 2 ⁇ m or less, or preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
• non-recrystallized ferrite is formed depending on annealing temperature and annealing time.
• non-recrystallized ferrite which has a high dislocation density, contributes to an increase in tensile strength (TS)
• TS tensile strength
• non-recrystallized ferrite does not contribute to an increase in elongation.
• the average crystal grain diameter of non-recrystallized ferrite is 5 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent surrounding tempered martensite grains from combining with each other. Therefore, the average crystal grain diameter of non-recrystallized ferrite is set to be 5 ⁇ m or less.
• the volume fraction of non-recrystallized ferrite is set to be 5% or less (including 0%), preferably 3% or less, or more preferably 1% or less.
• the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to embodiments of the present invention although there is a case where retained austenite or pearlite is formed in addition to ferrite, tempered martensite, and non-recrystallized ferrite, it is possible to achieve the object of certain embodiments of the present invention as long as the above-described conditions regarding the volume fractions and average crystal grain diameters of ferrite, tempered martensite, and non-recrystallized ferrite are satisfied.
• the total volume fraction of retained austenite and pearlite be 3% or less.
• the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to embodiments of the present invention may include bainite. In the case where the steel sheet includes bainite, it is preferable that the total volume fraction of retained austenite, pearlite, and bainite be 3% or less.
• the method for manufacturing a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet includes performing hot rolling on a steel slab having the chemical composition (constituent chemical elements) described above with a finishing delivery temperature of 850° C. to 950° C. in order to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet, starting cooling on the hot-rolled steel-sheet within one second after the hot rolling has been finished, performing first cooling to a first cooling stop temperature of 600° C. to 700° C. at a first average cooling rate of 80° C./s or more, performing second cooling to a second cooling stop temperature of 620° C.
• third cooling is then performed to a third cooling stop temperature of 650° C. to 720° C. at a third average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more
• fourth cooling is then performed to a fourth cooling stop temperature of 100° C. or lower at a fourth average cooling rate of 100° C./s to 1000° C./s, and holding is subsequently performed at a second soaking temperature of 100° C. to 250° C. for 120 seconds to 1800 seconds.
• hot rolling may be started at a temperature of 1150° C. to 1300° C. without reheating a cast steel slab having the chemical composition (constituent chemical elements) described above, or hot rolling may be started after having reheated the steel slab to a temperature of 1150° C. to 1300° C.
• the slab used be manufactured by using a continuous casting method in order to prevent the macro segregation of the constituent chemical elements
• the slab may also be manufactured by using an ingot-making method or a thin-slab-casting method.
• an energy-saving process such as a hot direct rolling or a direct rolling, that is, a method in which a slab in the hot state is charged into a heating furnace without cooling the slab, a method in which a slab is rolled immediately after heat retention has been performed, or a method in which a slab in the cast state is rolled may be used without causing any problem.
• hot rolling rough rolling may first be performed on a steel slab.
• the hot rolling start temperature is lower than 1150° C.
• the hot rolling start temperature is higher than 1300° C.
• the hot rolling start temperature be 1150° C. to 1300° C.
• the finishing delivery temperature is lower than 850° C., it is not possible to finish hot rolling in an austenite single phase region.
• the finishing delivery temperature is set to be 850° C. to 950° C.
• cooling on the hot-rolled steel sheet is started within one second after finish rolling has been finished as described above, and first cooling is first performed to a temperature of 600° C. to 700° C. at a first average cooling rate of 80° C./s or more.
• first cooling is performed to a first cooling stop temperature of 600° C. to 700° C. at a first average cooling rate of 80° C./s or more.
• first average cooling rate is less than 80° C./s, since ferrite transformation starts in the first cooling process, inhomogeneous steel sheet microstructure is formed in the hot-rolled steel sheet, which makes it impossible to achieve the desired elongation after annealing has been performed.
• the first cooling stop temperature is lower than 600° C.
• low-temperature-formation phases such as bainite are inhomogeneously formed, it is not possible to achieve sufficient elongation after annealing has been performed.
• the first cooling stop temperature is higher than 700° C.
• second cooling is performed on the hot-rolled steel sheet to a second cooling stop temperature of 620° C. or lower at a second average cooling rate of 5° C./s or more.
• the coiling temperature be 620° C. or lower, or more preferably 600° C. or lower.
• the coiling temperature in the case where the coiling temperature is lower than 400° C., an excessive amount of hard martensite is formed, there is an increase in cold rolling load. Therefore, it is preferable that the coiling temperature be 400° C. or higher.
• pickling may be performed on the hot-rolled steel sheet after the hot rolling process described above. It is preferable that scale on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet be removed by performing pickling. There is no particular limitation on the method used for pickling, and pickling may be performed by using a commonly used method.
• cold rolling in which rolling is performed in order to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a specified thickness, is performed.
• cold rolling in which rolling is performed in order to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a specified thickness.
• cold rolling may be performed by using a commonly used method.
• annealing is performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet.
• holding is performed at a first soaking temperature of 680° C. to 750° C. for 180 seconds or more
• third cooling is then performed to a third cooling stop temperature of 650° C. to 700° C. at a third average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more
• fourth cooling is then performed to a fourth cooling stop temperature of 100° C. or lower at a fourth average cooling rate of 100° C./s to 1000° C./s, and holding is subsequently performed at a second soaking temperature of 100° C. to 250° C. for 120 seconds to 1800 seconds.
• heating may be performed by using a commonly used method.
• heating may be started from room temperature (0° C. to 35° C.)
• the first average heating rate to a temperature of 660° C. is controlled.
• the upper limit of the first average heating rate is set to be 25° C./s.
• the first average heating rate is set to be 5° C./s or more, or preferably 7° C./s or more.
• Fine ferrite is formed in a temperature range up to 660° C., and the formation of the nucleation of austenite begins at a temperature equal to or higher than the Ac 1 transformation temperature, that is, in a temperature range in which a dual phase is formed.
• the second average heating rate to the first soaking temperature (680° C. to 750° C.) is set to be 10° C./s or less so that recrystallization is finished within the desired range.
• the upper limit of the second average heating rate is set to be 10° C./s.
• the lower limit of the second average heating rate in the case where the second average heating rate is less than 0.5° C./s, there may be coarsening of ferrite. Therefore, it is preferable that the second average heating rate be 0.5° C./s or more.
• the first soaking temperature is in a temperature range in which a dual phase composed of ferrite and austenite is formed.
• the first soaking temperature is lower than 680° C.
• the lower limit of the first soaking temperature is set to be 680° C.
• the first soaking temperature is set to be 750° C. or lower.
• the holding time be 180 seconds or more. In the case where the holding time at the first soaking temperature is less than 180 seconds, since there is an increase in the amount of non-recrystallized ferrite, there is deterioration in elongation. Although there is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the holding time at the first soaking temperature, it is preferable that the upper limit be 3600 seconds in order to inhibit an increase in energy consumption due to holding at the first soaking temperature.
• the third cooling stop temperature of third cooling which is performed after holding has been performed at the first soaking temperature described above, is lower than 650° C. and/or the third average cooling rate is less than 1° C./s, since there is an increase in the volume fraction of ferrite, an excessive pearlite is formed, which makes it impossible to achieve the desired volume fractions.
• the third cooling stop temperature is higher than 720° C., since there is a decrease in the volume fraction of ferrite, it is not possible to achieve sufficient elongation. Therefore, this third cooling should be performed to a third cooling stop temperature of 650° C.
• the third average cooling rate be 100° C./s or less in order to allow C and Mn to be sufficiently concentrated in austenite. It is preferable that the above-described third cooling stop temperature be 720° C. or lower.
• the fourth average cooling rate of fourth cooling which is performed after third cooling has been performed as described above, is less than 100° C./s, since excessive amounts of bainite and retained austenite are formed, it is not possible to achieve the desired volume fractions.
• the fourth average cooling rate is more than 1000° C./s, a shrinkage cracking may occur in a steel sheet due to cooling.
• the fourth cooling stop temperature is higher than 100° C., insufficient martensite transformation occurs, which results in insufficient tensile strength (TS). Therefore, this fourth cooling should be performed to a fourth cooling stop temperature of 100° C. or lower at a fourth average cooling rate of 100° C./s to 1000° C./s.
• TS tensile strength
• a tempering treatment is performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet.
• This tempering treatment is performed in order to prevent, for example, season cracking by forming tempered martensite having a high toughness.
• the tempering temperature is lower than 100° C.
• the toughness of tempered martensite is insufficient, season cracking may occur.
• the tempering temperature is higher than 250° C., there is an increase in reheating costs, and there is a case where it is not possible to realize the desired effects due to a decrease in tensile strength (TS). Therefore, in order to temper martensite, the tempering temperature (hereinafter, also referred to as “second soaking temperature”) is set to be 100° C. to 250° C.
• the holding time at the second soaking temperature is less than 120 seconds, since the reformation of martensite does not sufficiently occur at the holding temperature, it is not possible to expect the effect of increasing formability.
• the holding time at the second soaking temperature is more than 1800 seconds, since the softening of martensite excessively progresses, it is not possible to achieve a tensile strength (TS) of 1150 MPa or more, and there is an increase in manufacturing costs due to an increase in reheating time. Therefore, the holding time at the second soaking temperature is set to be 120 seconds to 1800 seconds.
• the cooling method or the cooling rate used after holding at the second soaking temperature has been performed.
• skin pass rolling may be performed after annealing has been performed. It is preferable that the elongation ratio be 0.1% to 2.0%
• a galvanized steel sheet may be manufactured by performing a galvanizing treatment in the annealing process, and a galvannealed steel sheet may be manufactured by performing an alloying treatment after a galvanizing treatment has been performed.
• an electroplated steel sheet may be manufactured.
• cooling was started at the cooling start times given in Table 2, first cooling was performed to the first cooling stop temperatures (Tq1) at the first average cooling rates (CR1) under the conditions given in Table 2, second cooling was then performed to the second cooling stop temperatures (Tq2, coiling temperatures (CT)) at the second average cooling rates (CR2), and coiling was performed at the coiling temperatures (CT).
• heating was performed from room temperature (25° C.) to a temperature of 300° C.
• heating was performed to a temperature of 660° C. at the first average heating rates (C1) given in Table 2
• heating was performed to the soaking temperatures at the second average heating rate (C2) given in Table 2
• annealing was performed at the first soaking temperatures for the first soaking times (first holding times) given in Table 2
• cooling was then performed to the third cooling stop temperatures (Tq3) at the third average cooling rates (CR3) given in Table 2
• cooling (fourth cooling) was then performed to the fourth cooling stop temperatures (Tq4) at the fourth average cooling rates (CR4) given in Table 2
• heating was then performed to the tempering temperatures (second soaking temperatures) given in Table 2
• holding was performed for the tempering times (second holding times) given in table 2
• cooling was performed to room temperature.
• the volume fractions of ferrite, tempered martensite, and non-recrystallized ferrite of the steel sheet were determined by polishing a cross section in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, by then etching the polished cross section through the use of a 3%-nital solution, by observing the etched cross section through the use of a SEM (scanning electron microscope) at a magnification of 2000 times, and by using Image-Pro produced by Media Cybernetics, Inc. Specifically, by determining the area fraction of each of the phases through the use of a point-counting method (in accordance with ASTM E562-83 (1988)), and by defining the area fraction as the volume fraction.
• a point-counting method in accordance with ASTM E562-83 (1988)
• the average crystal grain diameters of ferrite, tempered martensite, and non-recrystallized ferrite since it was possible to calculate the areas of the grains of each of the phases by inputting the steel sheet microstructure photographs, in which the crystal grains of ferrite, tempered martensite, and non-recrystallized ferrite had been identified in advance, into Image-Pro described above, by calculating circle-equivalent diameters from the calculated areas, the average crystal grain diameter of each of the phases was defined as the average of the calculated circle-equivalent diameters.
• the average crystal grain diameters of microstructures that is, bainite and retained austenite were determined by calculating the circle-equivalent diameters of the grains of each of the phases from the steel sheet microstructure photograph through the use of Image-Pro described above and by calculating the average of the circle-equivalent diameters.
• a punch having a tip curvature radius of 10 mm.
• the tensile strength (TS) was less than 1150 MPa, and the elongation (EL) was less than 15.0%.
• the tensile strength (TS) was less than 1150 MPa.
• the tensile strength (TS) was less than 1150 MPa.
• the volume fraction of ferrite was more than 65%, where the average crystal grain diameter of ferrite was more than 3 ⁇ m, and where the volume fraction of tempered martensite was less than 35%
• the tensile strength (TS) was less than 1150 MPa.
• the volume fraction of tempered martensite was more than 55% and where the average crystal grain diameter of tempered martensite was more than 2 ⁇ m
• the elongation (EL) was less than 15.0%, and the delayed fracturing resistance was deteriorated.
• the tensile strength (TS) was less than 1150 MPa.
• the volume fraction of ferrite was less than 45%, where the volume fraction of tempered martensite was more than 55%, and where the average crystal grain diameter of tempered martensite was more than 2 ⁇ m, the elongation (EL) was less than 15.0%, and the delayed fracturing resistance was deteriorated.

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