Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/40—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/34—Alcohols
  • A61K8/342—Alcohols having more than seven atoms in an unbroken chain
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
  • A61K8/737—Galactomannans, e.g. guar; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/86—Polyethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
  • A61K8/894—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone modified by a polyoxyalkylene group, e.g. cetyl dimethicone copolyol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
  • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q9/00—Preparations for removing hair or for aiding hair removal
  • A61Q9/02—Shaving preparations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M109/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M109/02—Reaction products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/0203—Hydroxy compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/0806—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C10N2220/021—
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates

Definitions

• the invention relates to for razor cartridges comprising a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, a lipophilic structurant and optionally a water soluble polymer.
• Such shaving aids typically comprise a water-insoluble matrix material to provide structural integrity and a water-soluble polymer, such as polyethylene oxide (polyox), in order to provide lubrication during the shave once the water-soluble polymer forms a solution with the water present during shaving.
• a water-soluble polymer such as polyethylene oxide (polyox)
• polyox polyethylene oxide
• 2007/0110703 describe the use of low levels of mineral and essential oils, butters, waxes and silicones.
• mineral oil to enhance the glide performance is described in U.S. 2008/0060201.
• the art also discloses that the presence of oils results in a reduction of the swelling and solubility of the shaving aid contained in water insoluble polymer matrix.
• the ability of the shaving aid to swell in contact with water is however believed to be the key mechanism by which the lubrication benefit is delivered to the skin. Hence this is not desirable, as it will negatively impact the overall performance.
• oils are typically avoided in the matrix.
• a solid shaving aid for razor cartridges comprising a liquid phase contained therein exhibiting lubricating and skin care properties over a sustained period which can be readily manufactured without impacting performance due to thermal degradation of the ingredients and which can accommodate additional additives to provide desirable skin care benefits, especially in the liquid form such as oils, and optionally a water soluble polymer.
• a wide variety of skin care oils are available commercially.
• One such desirable oil is metathesised unsaturated polyol esters.
• both classes of commercially available materials exhibited insufficient spreading leading to poor lubrication and feel during the shaving process.
• Versions of metathesized unsaturated polyol esters are disclosed that have the correct rheology.
• Such species of metathesized unsaturated polyol esters provide unexpectedly improved skin conditioning benefits after the shave and lubrication during the shave. Additionally these materials are tolerant to the wide range of conditions experienced during the shave such as the high pH from shaving gels and foams and provide synergistic benefits in the presence of cationic polymeric materials.
• One aspect of the invention relates to a lubricating member comprising:
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a lubricating member comprising:
• a lubricating member for use on a hair removal device comprising from 20% to 90%, preferably from 20% to 80% by weight of a lipid phase said lipid phase comprising:
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a lubricating member comprising the steps of:
• natural oils may refer to oils derived from plants or animal sources.
• natural oil includes natural oil derivatives, unless otherwise indicated.
• the terms also include modified plant or animal sources (e.g., genetically modified plant or animal sources), unless indicated otherwise.
• modified plant or animal sources e.g., genetically modified plant or animal sources
• natural oils include, but are not limited to, vegetable oils, algae oils, fish oils, animal fats, tall oils, derivatives of these oils, combinations of any of these oils, and the like.
• vegetable oils include canola oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, jatropha oil, mustard oil, pennycress oil, camelina oil, and castor oil.
• animal fats include lard, tallow, poultry fat, yellow grease, and fish oil. Tall oils are by-products of wood pulp manufacture.
• natural oil derivatives refers to derivatives thereof derived from natural oil.
• the methods used to form these natural oil derivatives may include one or more of addition, neutralization, overbasing, saponification, transesterification, esterification, amidification, hydrogenation, isomerization, oxidation, alkylation, acylation, sulfurization, sulfonation, rearrangement, reduction, fermentation, pyrolysis, hydrolysis, liquefaction, anaerobic digestion, hydrothermal processing, gasification or a combination of two or more thereof.
• natural derivatives thereof may include carboxylic acids, gums, phospholipids, soapstock, acidulated soapstock, distillate or distillate sludge, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, as well as hydroxy substituted variations thereof, including unsaturated polyol esters.
• the natural oil derivative may comprise an unsaturated carboxylic acid having from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms, having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the hydrocarbon (alkene) chain.
• the natural oil derivative may also comprise an unsaturated fatty acid alkyl (e.g., methyl) ester derived from a glyceride of natural oil.
• the natural oil derivative may be a fatty acid methyl ester (“FAME”) derived from the glyceride of the natural oil.
• FAME fatty acid methyl ester
• a feedstock includes canola or soybean oil, as a non-limiting example, refined, bleached, and deodorized soybean oil (i.e., RBD soybean oil).
• free hydrocarbon refers to any one or combination of unsaturated or saturated straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbons in the C 2 to C 22 range.
• metal-carbon double bonds refers to a single entity that is the product of a metathesis reaction which comprises a molecule of a compound with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds which has undergone an alkylidene unit interchange via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds either within the same molecule (intramolecular metathesis) and/or with a molecule of another compound containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds such as an olefin (intermolecular metathesis).
• metalthesis dimer refers to the product of a metathesis reaction wherein two reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the metathesis reaction.
• metalthesis trimer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein three molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the trimer containing three bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metalthesis tetramer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein four molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the tetramer containing four bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metalthesis pentamer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein five molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the pentamer containing five bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metal hexamer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein six molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the hexamer containing six bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metalthesis heptamer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein seven molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the heptamer containing seven bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metalthesis octamer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein eight molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the octamer containing eight bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metalthesis nonamer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein nine molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the nonamer containing nine bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metalthesis decamer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein ten molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the decamer containing ten bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metalthesis oligomer refers to the product of one or more metathesis reactions wherein two or more molecules (e.g., 2 to about 10, or 2 to about 4) of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the oligomer containing a few (e.g., 2 to about 10, or 2 to about 4) bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• two or more molecules e.g., 2 to about 10, or 2 to about 4
• reactant compounds which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
• the term “metathesis oligomer” may include metathesis reactions wherein greater than ten molecules of two or more reactant compounds, which can be the same or different and each with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, are bonded together via one or more of the carbon-carbon double bonds in each of the reactant compounds as a result of the one or more metathesis reactions, the oligomer containing greater than ten bonded groups derived from the reactant compounds.
• metathesize and “metathesizing” may refer to the reacting of a unsaturated polyol ester feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product comprising a new olefinic compound and/or esters.
• Metathesizing may refer to cross-metathesis (a.k.a. co-metathesis), self-metathesis, ring-opening metathesis, ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (“ROMP”), ring-closing metathesis (“RCM”), and acyclic diene metathesis (“ADMET”).
• metathesizing may refer to reacting two triglycerides present in a natural feedstock (self-metathesis) in the presence of a metathesis catalyst, wherein each triglyceride has an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, thereby forming an oligomer having a new mixture of olefins and esters that may comprise one or more of: metathesis monomers, metathesis dimers, metathesis trimers, metathesis tetramers, metathesis pentamers, and higher order metathesis oligomers (e.g., metathesis hexamers, metathesis, metathesis heptamers, metathesis octamers, metathesis nonamers, metathesis decamers, and higher than metathesis decamers and above).
• polyol means an organic material comprising at least two hydroxy moieties.
• component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
• compositions comprising, a) a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester having one or more of the following properties: (i) a weight average molecular weight of from about 5,000 Daltons to about 50,000 Daltons, from about 5,500 Daltons to about 50,000 Daltons, from about 5,500 Daltons to about 40,000 Daltons, or from about 6,000 Daltons to about 30,000 Daltons; (ii) an oligomer index from greater than 0 to 1, from 0.001 to 1, 0.01 to 1, or from 0.05 to 1; (iii) an iodine value of from about 30 to about 200, from about 30 to about 150, from about 30 to about 120, or from about 50 to about 110.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the weight average molecular weight property from a)(i) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the oligomer index property from a)(ii) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the iodine value property from a)(iii) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the property from a)(i) and from a)(ii) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the properties from a)(i) and from a)(iii) above. 7 In one aspect of said composition 1 of Table 1, said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the properties from a)(ii) and from a)(iii) above. 8 In one aspect of said composition 1 of Table 1, said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the properties from a)(i), a)(ii) and from a)(iii) above.
• compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of Table 1 said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has a free hydrocarbon content, based on total weight of metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, of from about 0% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 4%, or from about 0.1 to about 3%. 10
• the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is metathesized at least once.
• compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Table 1 said composition comprises, based on total composition weight, from about 0.1% to about 50%, from about 0.5% to about 30%, or from about 1% to about 20% of said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester.
• compositions comprising: a) a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester having a weight average molecular weight of from about 2,000 Daltons to about 50,000 Daltons, from about 2,500 Daltons to about 50,000 Daltons, from about 3,000 Daltons to about 40,000 Daltons, from about 3,000 Daltons to about 30,000 Daltons; and one or more of the following properties: (i) a free hydrocarbon content, based on total weight of metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, of from about 0% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 4%, or from about 0.1 to about 3%; (ii) an oligomer index from greater than 0 to 1, from 0.001 to 1, 0.01 to 1, or from 0.05 to 1; (iii) an iodine value of from about 8 to about 200, from about 10 to about 200, from about 20 to about 150, from about 30
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the free hydrocarbon content property from a)(i) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the oligomer index property from a)(ii) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the iodine value property from a)(iii) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the property from a)(i) and from a)(ii) above.
• said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the properties from a)(i) and from a)(iii) above. 7 In one aspect of said composition 1 of Table 2, said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the properties from a)(ii) and from a)(iii) above. 8 In one aspect of said composition 1 of Table 2, said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester has the properties from a)(i), a)(ii) and from a)(iii) above. 9 In one aspect of Table 2 Compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is metathesized at least once.
• compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 of Table 2 said composition comprises, based on total composition weight, from about 0.1% to about 50%, from about 0.5% to about 30% or from about 1% to about 20% of said metathesized unsaturated polyol ester.
• Table 1 Compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11; and Table 2 Compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is derived from a natural polyol ester and/or a synthetic polyol ester, in one aspect, said natural polyol ester is selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil, an animal fat, an algae oil and mixtures thereof; and said synthetic polyol ester is derived from a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyglycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, a sugar, in one aspect, sucrose, and mixtures thereof.
• said natural polyol ester is selected from the
• Table 1 Compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11; and Table 2 Compositions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is selected from the group consisting of metathesized Abyssinian oil, metathesized Almond Oil, metathesized Apricot Oil, metathesized Apricot Kernel oil, metathesized Argan oil, metathesized Avocado Oil, metathesized Babassu Oil, metathesized Baobab Oil, metathesized Black Cumin Oil, metathesized Black Currant Oil, metathesized Borage Oil, metathesized Camelina oil, metathesized Carinata oil, metathesized Canola oil, metathesized Castor oil, metathesized Cherry Kernel Oil, metathesized Coconut oil, metathesized Corn oil, metathesized Cottonseed oil, metathesized Echium Oil, metathesized Evening Primrose Oil, metathesized Flax Seed Oil, metathesized Grape Seed Oil, metathesized Grapefruit Seed Oil, metathesized Ha
• compositions of the present invention can be formulated into any suitable form and prepared by any process chosen by the formulator, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,584 which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the metathesized unsaturated polyol esters can be combined directly with the composition's other ingredients without pre-emulsification and/or pre-mixing to form the finished products.
• the metathesized unsaturated polyol esters can be combined with surfactants or emulsifiers, solvents, suitable adjuncts, and/or any other suitable ingredients to prepare emulsions prior to compounding the finished products.
• Suitable equipment for use in the processes disclosed herein may include continuous stirred tank reactors, homogenizers, turbine agitators, recirculating pumps, paddle mixers, plough shear mixers, ribbon blenders, vertical axis granulators and drum mixers, both in batch and, where available, in continuous process configurations, spray dryers, and extruders.
• Such equipment can be obtained from Lodige GmbH (Paderborn, Germany), Littleford Day, Inc. (Florence, Ky., U.S.A.), Forberg AS (Larvik, Norway), Glatt Ingenieurtechnik GmbH (Weimar, Germany), Niro (Soeborg, Denmark), Hosokawa Bepex Corp. (Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.), Arde Barinco (New Jersey, U.S.A.).
• the lubricating member is a solid lubricating member at 25° C. and may comprise from about 20% to about 90% by weight, preferably from about 20% to about 80% by weight of a lipid phase.
• the lipid phase comprises a lipophilic structurant and a liquid phase contained within the lipophilic structurant.
• the lipid phase comprises from about 10% to about 70%, preferably from about 10% to 60%, more preferably from about 20% to about 40%, even more preferably from about 25% to about 35% by weight of the lubricating member of a lipophilic structurant.
• the melting point of the lipophilic structurant is preferably greater than 45° C. to less than 60° C. and is thus preferably a solid at 25° C.
• the melting point is determined according to ASTM D5440-93. If the lipophilic structurant comprises more than one material, the melting point is determined for the resultant mixture as described hereinafter.
• the lipophilic structurant has a melting point of from about 45° C. to about 5° C. less than the melting point of said water soluble polymer.
• the lipophilic structurant is preferably water insoluble. It has been surprisingly found that by providing a lipohilic structurant having a melting point below 60° C.
• the lipophilic structurant provides a solid chassis at room temperature (25° C.) to contain the ingredient components which also deliver lubrication to the skin and other benefit agents during the shaving process. Moreover, the lipophilic structurant also enhances skin feel benefits.
• Suitable lipophilic structurants for use herein include C14 or greater, preferably C14 to C20, more preferably C16 to C18 chain length fatty acyls such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols and esters, triglycerides, waxes and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are C14-C20 alcohols, in particular cetyl and stearyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable lipophilic structurants also include natural, synthetic and silicone waxes.
• the term “wax” includes, but is not limited to, any material that is solid at 45° C., preferably at 25° C.; and are very slightly soluble in water, preferably practically insoluble in water according to the United States' Pharmacopeia (USP) definition in 31/NF 26 Vol. 2 General Notices, Page Xvii. According to that definition, this means that 1000 to 10000 parts of water are needed to dissolve 1 part solute and that more than 10,000 parts of water are needed to dissolve 1 part solute respectively.
• USP United States' Pharmacopeia
• the lipophilic structurant and or lubricating member preferably comprises less than 5%, preferably less than 1% by weight and more preferably is substantially free of lathering soap (i.e. salts of fatty acids such as C4-30 carboxylic acids) or lathering surfactant.
• lathering surfactant is defined as a surfactant which when combined with water and mechanically agitated generate a foam or later.
• Lathering surfactants include anionic and amphoteric lathering surfactants and mixtures thereof.
• Anionic lathering surfactants include sarcosinates, sulfates, sulfonate, isethionate, taurates, phosphates, lactylates, glutamates, alkali metal salts of fatty acids (i.e. soaps) having from 8 to 24 carbons, and mixtures thereof.
• the wax may comprise natural wax, synthetic wax or mixtures thereof.
• Natural waxes may be plant, animal or mineral derived.
• suitable natural waxes include Beeswax, Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax, Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax, Jojoba Wax, Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax, Lemon peel wax, Soybean wax, Sunflower wax and mixtures thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable synthetic waxes include Hydrogenated Jojoba Wax, synthetic and siliconyl jojoba wax, Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Wax, Microcrystalline Wax, synthetic, siliconyl and Hydrogenated Rice Bran Wax, Ceresin, Ozokerite, Paraffin, benhenyl beeswax, synthetic, siliconyl and hydrogenated Beeswax, synthetic, hydrogenated and siliconyl Candelilla Wax, synthetic, hydrogenated and siliconyl Carnauba, wax, synthetic, hydrogenated and siliconyl lemon peel wax, synthetic, siliconyl and hydrogenated soybean wax, synthetic, siliconyl and hydrogenated sunflower wax and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred natural and synthetic waxes are Beeswax, Microcrystalline wax, Candellila wax, Ozokerite, and mixtures thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone waxes include Stearyoxy trimethylsilane such as DC580 wax, C30-45 alkyl methicone available as DC AMS-C30 Cosmetic Wax, stearyoxymethyl silane available as DC Silkywax 10, C24-54 alkyl methicone such as DC ST-Wax 30, C30-45 Alkyldimethylsilyl, Polypropyl-silsesquioxane, available as DC SW-8005 resin wax, and mixtures thereof.
• Stearyoxy trimethylsilane such as DC580 wax, C30-45 alkyl methicone available as DC AMS-C30 Cosmetic Wax, stearyoxymethyl silane available as DC Silkywax 10, C24-54 alkyl methicone such as DC ST-Wax 30, C30-45 Alkyldimethylsilyl, Polypropyl-silsesquioxane, available as DC SW-8005 resin wax, and mixtures thereof.
• Particularly preferred lipophilic structurants may be selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, microcrystalline wax, stearyloxy trimethylsilane and mixtures thereof.
• the lubricating member may further comprise from about 10% to about 70%, preferably from about 10% to about 60%, more preferably from about 10% to about 40%, by weight of the lubricating member of a liquid phase.
• the liquid phase comprises a hydrophobic material or mixtures thereof.
• the liquid phase may provide a number of in use benefits such as lubrication, skin feel and cooling sensation.
• the liquid phase is contained within the solid lubricating member by the lipophilic structurant.
• the liquid phase has a melting point of 45° C. or less, preferably 40° C. or less, even more preferably 30° C. or less, most preferably 25° C. or less.
• the melting point is determined according to ASTM D5440-93.
• the liquid phase and the hydrophobic material is liquid at 25° C.
• the liquid phase hydrophobic material or mixtures thereof may be very slightly soluble and have a melting point of 45° C. or less as defined herein above and be miscible with one another.
• the melting point of the mixture of liquid phase and the lipophilic structurant is preferably from 45° C. to 5° C. less than the melting point of the water soluble polymer.
• the liquid phase comprises a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester.
• metathesized unsaturated polyol esters and their starting materials are set forth in U.S. Patent Applications U.S. 2009/0220443 A1, U.S. 2013/0344012 A1 and US 2014/0357714 A1, which are incorporated herein by reference.
• a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester refers to the product obtained when one or more unsaturated polyol ester ingredient(s) are subjected to a metathesis reaction.
• Metathesis is a catalytic reaction that involves the interchange of alkylidene units among compounds containing one or more double bonds (i.e., olefinic compounds) via the formation and cleavage of the carbon-carbon double bonds. Metathesis may occur between two of the same molecules (often referred to as self-metathesis) and/or it may occur between two different molecules (often referred to as cross-metathesis). Self-metathesis may be represented schematically as shown in Equation I.
• R 1 and R 2 are organic groups.
• Cross-metathesis may be represented schematically as shown in Equation II.
• R 1 —CH ⁇ CH—R 2 +R 3 —CH ⁇ CH—R 4 R 1 —CH ⁇ CH—R 3 +R 1 —CH ⁇ CH—R 4 +R 2 —CH ⁇ CH—R 3 +R 2 —CH ⁇ CH—R 4 +R 1 —CH ⁇ CH—R 1 +R 2 —CH ⁇ CH—R 2 +20R 3 —CH ⁇ CH—R 3 +R 4 —CH ⁇ CH—R 4 (II)
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are organic groups.
• Equation C depicts metathesis oligomerization of a representative species (e.g., a polyol ester) having more than one carbon-carbon double bond.
• the self-metathesis reaction results in the formation of metathesis dimers, metathesis trimers, and metathesis tetramers.
• higher order oligomers such as metathesis pentamers, hexamers, heptamers, octamers, nonamers, decamers, and higher than decamers, and mixtures of two or more thereof, may also be formed.
• the number of metathesis repeating units or groups in the metathesized natural oil may range from 1 to about 100, or from 2 to about 50, or from 2 to about 30, or from 2 to about 10, or from 2 to about 4.
• the molecular weight of the metathesis dimer may be greater than the molecular weight of the unsaturated polyol ester from which the dimer is formed.
• Each of the bonded polyol ester molecules may be referred to as a “repeating unit or group.”
• a metathesis trimer may be formed by the cross-metathesis of a metathesis dimer with an unsaturated polyol ester.
• a metathesis tetramer may be formed by the cross-metathesis of a metathesis trimer with an unsaturated polyol ester or formed by the cross-metathesis of two metathesis dimers.
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are organic groups.
• metathesized unsaturated polyol esters are prepared from one or more unsaturated polyol esters.
• unsaturated polyol ester refers to a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups wherein at least one of the hydroxyl groups is in the form of an ester and wherein the ester has an organic group including at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
• the unsaturated polyol ester can be represented by the general structure (I):
• R is an organic group
• R′ is an organic group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond
• R′′ is a saturated organic group.
• the unsaturated polyol ester is an unsaturated polyol ester of glycerol.
• Unsaturated polyol esters of glycerol have the general structure (II):
• —X, —Y, and —Z are independently selected from the group consisting of:
• —R′ is an organic group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond and —R′′ is a saturated organic group.
• R′ is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having about 50 or less carbon atoms (e.g., about 36 or less carbon atoms or about 26 or less carbon atoms) and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its chain.
• R′ is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having about 6 carbon atoms or greater (e.g., about 10 carbon atoms or greater or about 12 carbon atoms or greater) and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its chain.
• R′ may have two or more carbon-carbon double bonds in its chain.
• R′ may have three or more double bonds in its chain.
• R′ has 17 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 carbon-carbon double bonds in its chain.
• Representative examples of R′ include:
• R′′ is a saturated straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having about 50 or less carbon atoms (e.g., about 36 or less carbon atoms or about 26 or less carbon atoms). In some embodiments, R′′ is a saturated straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having about 6 carbon atoms or greater (e.g., about 10 carbon atoms or greater or about 12 carbon atoms or greater. In exemplary embodiments, R′′ has 15 carbon atoms or 17 carbon atoms.
• Sources of unsaturated polyol esters of glycerol include synthesized oils, natural oils (e.g., vegetable oils, algae oils, bacterial derived oils, and animal fats), combinations of these, and the like. Recycled used vegetable oils may also be used.
• vegetable oils include Abyssinian oil, Almond Oil, Apricot Oil, Apricot Kernel oil, Argan oil, Avocado Oil, Babassu Oil, Baobab Oil, Black Cumin Oil, Black Currant Oil, Borage Oil, Camelina oil, Carinata oil, Canola oil, Castor oil, Cherry Kernel Oil, coconut oil, Corn oil, Cottonseed oil, Echium Oil, Evening Primrose Oil, Flax Seed Oil, Grape Seed Oil, Grapefruit Seed Oil, Hazelnut Oil, Hemp Seed Oil, Jatropha oil, Jojoba Oil, Kukui Nut Oil, Linseed Oil, Macadamia Nut Oil, Meadowfoam Seed Oil, Moringa Oil, Neem Oil, Olive Oil, Palm Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, Peach Kernel Oil, Peanut Oil, Pecan Oil, Pennycress oil, Perilla Seed Oil, Pistachio Oil, Pomegranate Seed Oil, Pongamia oil, Pumpkin Seed Oil, Raspberry Oil, Red Palm Olein,
• animal fats include lard, tallow, chicken fat, yellow grease, fish oil, emu oil, combinations of these, and the like.
• a representative non-limiting example of a synthesized oil includes tall oil, which is a byproduct of wood pulp manufacture.
• the natural oil is refined, bleached, and/or deodorized.
• unsaturated polyol esters include esters such as those derived from ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, esters such as those derived from pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or neopentyl glycol, or sugar esters such as SEFOSE®.
• Sugar esters such as SEFOSE® include one or more types of sucrose polyesters, with up to eight ester groups that could undergo a metathesis exchange reaction.
• Sucrose polyesters are derived from a natural resource and therefore, the use of sucrose polyesters can result in a positive environmental impact.
• Sucrose polyesters are polyester materials, having multiple substitution positions around the sucrose backbone coupled with the chain length, saturation, and derivation variables of the fatty chains.
• Such sucrose polyesters can have an esterification (“IBAR”) of greater than about 5.
• the sucrose polyester may have an IBAR of from about 5 to about 8.
• the sucrose polyester has an IBAR of about 5-7, and in another embodiment the sucrose polyester has an IBAR of about 6.
• the sucrose polyester has an IBAR of about 8.
• sucrose polyesters are derived from a natural resource, a distribution in the IBAR and chain length may exist.
• sucrose polyester having an IBAR of 6 may contain a mixture of mostly IBAR of about 6, with some IBAR of about 5 and some IBAR of about 7. Additionally, such sucrose polyesters may have a saturation or iodine value (“IV”) of about 3 to about 140. In another embodiment the sucrose polyester may have an IV of about 10 to about 120. In yet another embodiment the sucrose polyester may have an IV of about 20 to 100. Further, such sucrose polyesters have a chain length of about C 12 to C 20 but are not limited to these chain lengths.
• IV saturation or iodine value
• sucrose polyesters suitable for use include SEFOSE® 1618S, SEFOSE® 1618U, SEFOSE® 1618H, Sefa Soyate IMF 40, Sefa Soyate LP426, SEFOSE® 2275, SEFOSE® C1695, SEFOSE® C18:0 95, SEFOSE® C1495, SEFOSE® 1618H B6, SEFOSE® 1618S B6, SEFOSE® 1618U B6, Sefa Cottonate, SEFOSE® C1295, Sefa C895, Sefa C1095, SEFOSE® 1618S B4.5, all available from The Procter and Gamble Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio.
• suitable polyol esters may include but not be limited to sorbitol esters, maltitol esters, sorbitan esters, maltodextrin derived esters, xylitol esters, polyglycerol esters, and other sugar derived esters.
• Natural oils of the type described herein typically are composed of triglycerides of fatty acids. These fatty acids may be either saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated and contain varying chain lengths ranging from C 8 to C 30 .
• the most common fatty acids include saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), and lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid); unsaturated acids include such fatty acids as palmitoleic (a C 16 acid), and oleic acid (a C 18 acid); polyunsaturated acids include such fatty acids as linoleic acid (a di-unsaturated C 18 acid), linolenic acid (a tri-unsaturated C 18 acid), and arachidonic acid (a
• the natural oils are further comprised of esters of these fatty acids in random placement onto the three sites of the trifunctional glycerine molecule.
• Different natural oils will have different ratios of these fatty acids, and within a given natural oil there is a range of these acids as well depending on such factors as where a vegetable or crop is grown, maturity of the vegetable or crop, the weather during the growing season, etc. Thus, it is difficult to have a specific or unique structure for any given natural oil, but rather a structure is typically based on some statistical average.
• soybean oil contains a mixture of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid in the ratio of 15:24:50:11, and an average number of double bonds of 4.4-4.7 per triglyceride.
• One method of quantifying the number of double bonds is the iodine value (IV) which is defined as the number of grams of iodine that will react with 100 grams of oil. Therefore for soybean oil, the average iodine value range is from 120-140.
• Soybean oil may comprise about 95% by weight or greater (e.g., 99% weight or greater) triglycerides of fatty acids.
• Major fatty acids in the polyol esters of soybean oil include saturated fatty acids, as a non-limiting example, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), and unsaturated fatty acids, as a non-limiting example, oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid), linoleic acid (9,12octadecadienoic acid), and linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid).
• saturated fatty acids as a non-limiting example, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and stearic acid (octadecanoic acid)
• unsaturated fatty acids as a non-limiting example, oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid), linoleic acid (9,12octadecadienoic acid), and linolenic acid (9,12,15-oct
• the vegetable oil is canola oil, for example, refined, bleached, and deodorized canola oil (i.e., RBD canola oil).
• Canola oil is an unsaturated polyol ester of glycerol that typically comprises about 95% weight or greater (e.g., 99% weight or greater) triglycerides of fatty acids.
• Major fatty acids in the polyol esters of canola oil include saturated fatty acids, for example, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), and unsaturated fatty acids, for example, oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid), linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid), and linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid).
• Canola oil is a highly unsaturated vegetable oil with many of the triglyceride molecules having at least two unsaturated fatty acids (i.e., a polyunsaturated triglyceride).
• an unsaturated polyol ester is self-metathesized in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesized composition.
• the metathesis catalyst is removed from the resulting product.
• One method of removing the catalyst is treatment of the metathesized product with clay.
• the metathesized composition comprises one or more of: metathesis monomers, metathesis dimers, metathesis trimers, metathesis tetramers, metathesis pentamers, and higher order metathesis oligomers (e.g., metathesis hexamers).
• a metathesis dimer refers to a compound formed when two unsaturated polyol ester molecules are covalently bonded to one another by a self-metathesis reaction.
• the molecular weight of the metathesis dimer is greater than the molecular weight of the individual unsaturated polyol ester molecules from which the dimer is formed.
• a metathesis trimer refers to a compound formed when three unsaturated polyol ester molecules are covalently bonded together by metathesis reactions.
• a metathesis trimer is formed by the cross-metathesis of a metathesis dimer with an unsaturated polyol ester.
• a metathesis tetramer refers to a compound formed when four unsaturated polyol ester molecules are covalently bonded together by metathesis reactions.
• a metathesis tetramer is formed by the cross-metathesis of a metathesis trimer with an unsaturated polyol ester.
• Metathesis tetramers may also be formed, for example, by the cross-metathesis of two metathesis dimers. Higher order metathesis products may also be formed. For example, metathesis pentamers and metathesis hexamers may also be formed.
• the self-metathesis reaction also results in the formation of internal olefin compounds that may be linear or cyclic. If the metathesized polyol ester is fully or partially hydrogenated, the linear and cyclic olefins would typically be fully or partially converted to the corresponding saturated linear and cyclic hydrocarbons.
• the linear/cyclic olefins and saturated linear/cyclic hydrocarbons may remain in the metathesized polyol ester or they may be removed or partially removed from the metathesized polyol ester using one or more known stripping techniques, including but not limited to wipe film evaporation, falling film evaporation, rotary evaporation, steam stripping, vacuum distillation, etc.
• the unsaturated polyol ester is partially hydrogenated before being metathesized.
• the unsaturated polyol ester is partially hydrogenated to achieve an iodine value (IV) of about 120 or less before subjecting the partially hydrogenated polyol ester to metathesis.
• the unsaturated polyol ester may be hydrogenated (e.g., fully or partially hydrogenated) in order to improve the stability of the oil or to modify its viscosity or other properties.
• Representative techniques for hydrogenating unsaturated polyol esters are known in the art and are discussed herein.
• the natural oil is winterized.
• Winterization refers to the process of: (1) removing waxes and other non-triglyceride constituents, (2) removing naturally occurring high-melting triglycerides, and (3) removing high-melting triglycerides formed during partial hydrogenation. Winterization may be accomplished by known methods including, for example, cooling the oil at a controlled rate in order to cause crystallization of the higher melting components that are to be removed from the oil. The crystallized high melting components are then removed from the oil by filtration resulting in winterized oil. Winterized soybean oil is commercially available from Cargill, Incorporated (Minneapolis, Minn.).
• the metathesized unsaturated polyol esters can be used as a blend with one or more fabric care benefit agents and/or fabric softening actives.
• the self-metathesis of unsaturated polyol esters is typically conducted in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a metathesis catalyst.
• the term “metathesis catalyst” includes any catalyst or catalyst system that catalyzes a metathesis reaction. Any known or future-developed metathesis catalyst may be used, alone or in combination with one or more additional catalysts.
• Suitable homogeneous metathesis catalysts include combinations of a transition metal halide or oxo-halide (e.g., WOCl 4 or WCl 6 ) with an alkylating cocatalyst (e.g., Me 4 Sn), or alkylidene (or carbene) complexes of transition metals, particularly Ru or W. These include first and second-generation Grubbs catalysts, Grubbs-Hoveyda catalysts, and the like.
• Suitable alkylidene catalysts have the general structure:
• M is a Group 8 transition metal
• L 1 , L 2 , and L 3 are neutral electron donor ligands
• n is 0 (such that L 3 may not be present) or 1
• m is 0, 1 or 2
• X 1 and X 2 are anionic ligands
• R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, and functional groups. Any two or more of X 1 , X 2 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , R 1 and R 2 can form a cyclic group and any one of those groups can be attached to a support.
• Second-generation Grubbs catalysts also have the general formula described above, but L 1 is a carbene ligand where the carbene carbon is flanked by N, O, S, or P atoms, preferably by two N atoms. Usually, the carbene ligand is part of a cyclic group. Examples of suitable second-generation Grubbs catalysts also appear in the '086 publication.
• L 1 is a strongly coordinating neutral electron donor as in first- and second-generation Grubbs catalysts
• L 2 and L 3 are weakly coordinating neutral electron donor ligands in the form of optionally substituted heterocyclic groups.
• L 2 and L 3 are pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, quinoline, thiophene, or the like.
• a pair of substituents is used to form a bi- or tridentate ligand, such as a biphosphine, dialkoxide, or alkyldiketonate.
• Grubbs-Hoveyda catalysts are a subset of this type of catalyst in which L 2 and R 2 are linked. Typically, a neutral oxygen or nitrogen coordinates to the metal while also being bonded to a carbon that is ⁇ -, ⁇ -, or ⁇ - with respect to the carbene carbon to provide the bidentate ligand. Examples of suitable Grubbs-Hoveyda catalysts appear in the '086 publication.
• An immobilized catalyst can be used for the metathesis process.
• An immobilized catalyst is a system comprising a catalyst and a support, the catalyst associated with the support. Exemplary associations between the catalyst and the support may occur by way of chemical bonds or weak interactions (e.g. hydrogen bonds, donor acceptor interactions) between the catalyst, or any portions thereof, and the support or any portions thereof. Support is intended to include any material suitable to support the catalyst.
• immobilized catalysts are solid phase catalysts that act on liquid or gas phase reactants and products. Exemplary supports are polymers, silica or alumina. Such an immobilized catalyst may be used in a flow process. An immobilized catalyst can simplify purification of products and recovery of the catalyst so that recycling the catalyst may be more convenient.
• the unsaturated polyol ester feedstock may be treated to render the natural oil more suitable for the subsequent metathesis reaction.
• the treatment of the unsaturated polyol ester involves the removal of catalyst poisons, such as peroxides, which may potentially diminish the activity of the metathesis catalyst.
• catalyst poisons such as peroxides
• Non-limiting examples of unsaturated polyol ester feedstock treatment methods to diminish catalyst poisons include those described in PCT/US2008/09604, PCT/US2008/09635, and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/672,651 and 12/672,652, herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
• the unsaturated polyol ester feedstock is thermally treated by heating the feedstock to a temperature greater than 100° C. in the absence of oxygen and held at the temperature for a time sufficient to diminish catalyst poisons in the feedstock.
• the temperature is between approximately 100° C. and 300° C., between approximately 120° C. and 250° C., between approximately 150° C. and 210° C., or approximately between 190 and 200° C.
• the absence of oxygen is achieved by sparging the unsaturated polyol ester feedstock with nitrogen, wherein the nitrogen gas is pumped into the feedstock treatment vessel at a pressure of approximately 10 atm (150 psig).
• the unsaturated polyol ester feedstock is chemically treated under conditions sufficient to diminish the catalyst poisons in the feedstock through a chemical reaction of the catalyst poisons.
• the feedstock is treated with a reducing agent or a cation-inorganic base composition.
• reducing agents include bisulfate, borohydride, phosphine, thiosulfate, and combinations thereof.
• the unsaturated polyol ester feedstock is treated with an adsorbent to remove catalyst poisons.
• the feedstock is treated with a combination of thermal and adsorbent methods.
• the feedstock is treated with a combination of chemical and adsorbent methods.
• the treatment involves a partial hydrogenation treatment to modify the unsaturated polyol ester feedstock's reactivity with the metathesis catalyst. Additional non-limiting examples of feedstock treatment are also described below when discussing the various metathesis catalysts.
• a ligand may be added to the metathesis reaction mixture.
• the ligand is selected to be a molecule that stabilizes the catalyst, and may thus provide an increased turnover number for the catalyst.
• the ligand can alter reaction selectivity and product distribution.
• ligands examples include Lewis base ligands, such as, without limitation, trialkylphosphines, for example tricyclohexylphosphine and tributyl phosphine; triarylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine; diarylalkylphosphines, such as, diphenylcyclohexylphosphine; pyridines, such as 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine; as well as other Lewis basic ligands, such as phosphine oxides and phosphinites. Additives may also be present during metathesis that increase catalyst lifetime.
• Lewis base ligands such as, without limitation, trialkylphosphines, for example tricyclohexylphosphine and tributyl phosphine
• triarylphosphines such as triphenylphosphine
• diarylalkylphosphines such as, dipheny
• the molar ratio of the unsaturated polyol ester to catalyst may range from about 5:1 to about 10,000,000:1 or from about 50:1 to 500,000:1. In some embodiments, an amount of about 1 to about 10 ppm, or about 2 ppm to about 5 ppm, of the metathesis catalyst per double bond of the starting composition (i.e., on a mole/mole basis) is used.
• the metathesis reaction is catalyzed by a system containing both a transition and a non-transition metal component.
• the most active and largest number of catalyst systems are derived from Group VI A transition metals, for example, tungsten and molybdenum.
• the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product may be made by reacting an unsaturated polyol ester in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a first metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product.
• the first metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product may then be reacted in a self-metathesis reaction to form another metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product.
• the first metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product may be reacted in a cross-metathesis reaction with a unsaturated polyol ester to form another metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product.
• the transesterified products, the olefins and/or esters may be further metathesized in the presence of a metathesis catalyst.
• a metathesis catalyst Such multiple and/or sequential metathesis reactions can be performed as many times as needed, and at least one or more times, depending on the processing/compositional requirements as understood by a person skilled in the art.
• a “metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product” may include products that have been once metathesized and/or multiply metathesized.
• metathesis dimers may be used to form metathesis dimers, metathesis trimers, metathesis tetramers, metathesis pentamers, and higher order metathesis oligomers (e.g., metathesis hexamers, metathesis heptamers, metathesis octamers, metathesis nonamers, metathesis decamers, and higher than metathesis decamers).
• metathesized unsaturated polyol ester products produced by cross metathesis of an unsaturated polyol ester, or blend of unsaturated polyol esters, with a C2-C100 olefin as the reactant in a self-metathesis reaction to produce another metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product.
• metathesized products produced by cross metathesis of an unsaturated polyol ester, or blend of unsaturated polyol esters, with a C2-C100 olefin can be combined with an unsaturated polyol ester, or blend of unsaturated polyol esters, and further metathesized to produce another metathesized unsaturated polyol ester product.
• the metathesis process can be conducted under any conditions adequate to produce the desired metathesis products. For example, stoichiometry, atmosphere, solvent, temperature, and pressure can be selected by one skilled in the art to produce a desired product and to minimize undesirable byproducts.
• the metathesis process may be conducted under an inert atmosphere.
• an inert gaseous diluent can be used.
• the inert atmosphere or inert gaseous diluent typically is an inert gas, meaning that the gas does not interact with the metathesis catalyst to substantially impede catalysis.
• particular inert gases are selected from the group consisting of helium, neon, argon, nitrogen, individually or in combinations thereof.
• the metathesis catalyst is dissolved in a solvent prior to conducting the metathesis reaction.
• the solvent chosen may be selected to be substantially inert with respect to the metathesis catalyst.
• substantially inert solvents include, without limitation, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, etc.; halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene; aliphatic solvents, including pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, etc.; and chlorinated alkanes, such as dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, etc.
• the solvent comprises toluene.
• the metathesis reaction temperature may be a rate-controlling variable where the temperature is selected to provide a desired product at an acceptable rate. In certain embodiments, the metathesis reaction temperature is greater than about ⁇ 40° C., greater than about ⁇ 20° C., greater than about 0° C., or greater than about 10° C. In certain embodiments, the metathesis reaction temperature is less than about 150° C., or less than about 120° C. In one embodiment, the metathesis reaction temperature is between about 10° C. and about 120° C.
• the metathesis reaction can be run under any desired pressure. Typically, it will be desirable to maintain a total pressure that is high enough to keep the cross-metathesis reagent in solution. Therefore, as the molecular weight of the cross-metathesis reagent increases, the lower pressure range typically decreases since the boiling point of the cross-metathesis reagent increases.
• the total pressure may be selected to be greater than about 0.1 atm (10 kPa), in some embodiments greater than about 0.3 atm (30 kPa), or greater than about 1 atm (100 kPa). Typically, the reaction pressure is no more than about 70 atm (7000 kPa), in some embodiments no more than about 30 atm (3000 kPa).
• a non-limiting exemplary pressure range for the metathesis reaction is from about 1 atm (100 kPa) to about 30 atm (3000 kPa). In certain embodiments it may be desirable to run the metathesis reactions under an atmosphere of reduced pressure. Conditions of reduced pressure or vacuum may be used to remove olefins as they are generated in a metathesis reaction, thereby driving the metathesis equilibrium towards the formation of less volatile products.
• reduced pressure can be used to remove C 12 or lighter olefins including, but not limited to, hexene, nonene, and dodecene, as well as byproducts including, but not limited to cyclohexa-diene and benzene as the metathesis reaction proceeds.
• the removal of these species can be used as a means to drive the reaction towards the formation of diester groups and cross linked triglycerides.
• the unsaturated polyol ester is partially hydrogenated before it is subjected to the metathesis reaction. Partial hydrogenation of the unsaturated polyol ester reduces the number of double bonds that are available for in the subsequent metathesis reaction.
• the unsaturated polyol ester is metathesized to form a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, and the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is then hydrogenated (e.g., partially or fully hydrogenated) to form a hydrogenated metathesized unsaturated polyol ester.
• Hydrogenation may be conducted according to any known method for hydrogenating double bond-containing compounds such as vegetable oils.
• the unsaturated polyol ester or metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is hydrogenated in the presence of a nickel catalyst that has been chemically reduced with hydrogen to an active state.
• a nickel catalyst that has been chemically reduced with hydrogen to an active state.
• supported nickel hydrogenation catalysts include those available under the trade designations “NYSOFACT”®, “NYSOSEL”®, and “NI 5248 D” (from Englehard Corporation, Iselin, N.H.).
• Additional supported nickel hydrogenation catalysts include those commercially available under the trade designations “PRICAT 9910”, “PRICAT 9920”, “PRICAT 9908”, “PRICAT 9936” (from Johnson Matthey Catalysts, Ward Hill, Mass.).
• the hydrogenation catalyst comprising, for example, nickel, copper, palladium, platinum, molybdenum, iron, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, or iridium. Combinations of metals may also be used. Useful catalyst may be heterogeneous or homogeneous. In some embodiments, the catalysts are supported nickel or sponge nickel type catalysts.
• the hydrogenation catalyst comprises nickel that has been chemically reduced with hydrogen to an active state (i.e., reduced nickel) provided on a support.
• the support comprises porous silica (e.g., kieselguhr, infusorial, diatomaceous, or siliceous earth) or alumina.
• the catalysts are characterized by a high nickel surface area per gram of nickel.
• the particles of supported nickel catalyst are dispersed in a protective medium comprising hardened triacylglyceride, edible oil, or tallow.
• the supported nickel catalyst is dispersed in the protective medium at a level of about 22 wt. % nickel.
• Hydrogenation may be carried out in a batch or in a continuous process and may be partial hydrogenation or complete hydrogenation.
• a vacuum is pulled on the headspace of a stirred reaction vessel and the reaction vessel is charged with the material to be hydrogenated (e.g., RBD soybean oil or metathesized RBD soybean oil).
• the material is then heated to a desired temperature.
• the temperature ranges from about 50 deg. C. to 350 deg. C., for example, about 100 deg. C. to 300 deg. C. or about 150 deg. C. to 250 deg. C.
• the desired temperature may vary, for example, with hydrogen gas pressure. Typically, a higher gas pressure will require a lower temperature.
• the hydrogenation catalyst is weighed into a mixing vessel and is slurried in a small amount of the material to be hydrogenated (e.g., RBD soybean oil or metathesized RBD soybean oil).
• the material to be hydrogenated reaches the desired temperature
• the slurry of hydrogenation catalyst is added to the reaction vessel.
• Hydrogen gas is then pumped into the reaction vessel to achieve a desired pressure of H2 gas.
• the H2 gas pressure ranges from about 15 to 3000 psig, for example, about 15 psig to 90 psig.
• the hydrogenation reaction begins and the temperature is allowed to increase to the desired hydrogenation temperature (e.g., about 120 deg. C. to 200 deg. C.) where it is maintained by cooling the reaction mass, for example, with cooling coils.
• the desired degree of hydrogenation is reached, the reaction mass is cooled to the desired filtration temperature.
• the amount of hydrogenation catalysts is typically selected in view of a number of factors including, for example, the type of hydrogenation catalyst used, the amount of hydrogenation catalyst used, the degree of unsaturation in the material to be hydrogenated, the desired rate of hydrogenation, the desired degree of hydrogenation (e.g., as measure by iodine value (IV)), the purity of the reagent, and the H2 gas pressure.
• the hydrogenation catalyst is used in an amount of about 10 wt. % or less, for example, about 5 wt. % or less or about 1 wt. % or less.
• the hydrogenation catalyst may be removed from the hydrogenated product using known techniques, for example, by filtration.
• the hydrogenation catalyst is removed using a plate and frame filter such as those commercially available from Sparkler Filters, Inc., Conroe Tex.
• the filtration is performed with the assistance of pressure or a vacuum.
• a filter aid may be used.
• a filter aid may be added to the metathesized product directly or it may be applied to the filter.
• Representative examples of filtering aids include diatomaceous earth, silica, alumina, and carbon.
• the filtering aid is used in an amount of about 10 wt. % or less, for example, about 5 wt. % or less or about 1 wt. % or less.
• Other filtering techniques and filtering aids may also be employed to remove the used hydrogenation catalyst.
• the hydrogenation catalyst is removed using centrifugation followed by decantation of the product.
• Suitable additional liquid phase components for use herein include for example natural oils, synthetic oils, silicone oils, petrolatum, triglycerides, butters or mixtures thereof.
• oil includes, but is not limited to any non-aqueous substance that is very slightly soluble, preferably practically insoluble in water according to the United States' Pharmacopeia (USP) definition in 31/NF 26 Vol. 2 General Notices, Page Xvii. According to that definition, means that 1000 to 10000 parts of water are needed to dissolve 1 part solute and that more than 10,000 parts of water are needed to dissolve 1 part solute respectively and is liquid at 25° C.
• Petrolatum may be considered as a lipophilic structurant or a liquid phase due to its complex mixture of component materials. For the purposes of this invention petrolatum is considered as a liquid phase component.
• the oil may be selected from natural oil, synthetic oil, silicone oil and mixtures thereof.
• suitable natural oils include Acetylated Castor Oil, Acetylated Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Actinidia Chinensis (Kiwi), Seed Oil, Adansonia Digitata Oil, Aleurites Moluccana Seed Oil, Anacardium Occidentale (Cashew) Seed Oil, Arachis Hypogaea (Peanut) Oil, Arctium Lappa Seed Oil, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Argemone Mexicana Oil, Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Oil, Bertholletia Excelsa Seed Oil, Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Brassica Campestris (Rapeseed) Seed Oil, Calophyllum Tacamahaca Seed Oil, Camellia Japonica Seed Oil, Camellia Kissi Seed Oil, Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil, Canola Oil, Caprylic/Capric/Lauric Triglyceride
• Suitable synthetic oils include hydrocarbons, esters, alkanes, alkenes and mixtures thereof.
• Non-limiting examples include isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isohexadecane, isododecane, polyglyceryl triisostearate and mixtures thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone oils include dimethicones (including partial esters of dimethicones and fatty acids derived from natural/synthetic oils), cyclomethicones, phenylated silicones, phenyl trimethicones, trimethyl pentaphenyl trisiloxane, silicone polyether block copolymers and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable silicone polyether copolymers may comprise from about 1% to 50%, by weight of polyethylene oxide, from about 20% to about 90% by weight of polypropylene oxide and from about 1% to about 20% by weight of silicone.
• the silicone polyether copolymer comprises at least about 40%, more preferably at least about 50%, most preferably at least about 60% by weight of polypropylene oxide.
• the silicone polyether copolymer preferably comprises at least about 10%, more preferably from at least about 15%, most preferably from about 15% to 30% by weight of polyethylene oxide.
• the silicone polyether block copolymer comprises from 1% to 20%, preferably 10% to 20%, more preferably about 15% by weight of silicone.
• silicone polyether block copolymers are known in the art to provide a number of benefits such as foaming, defoaming, wetting, deaeration and lubricity
• silicone block copolymers having from 20% to 90% by weight of polypropylene oxide and from 1% to 50% of polyethylene oxide unexpectedly further provide improved lubrication whilst ensuring the required level of water dispersion and or solubility verses silicone polyether block copolymers having less or no polypropylene oxide and more polyethylene oxide.
• the use of such silicone block copolymers provides improved adhesion to the skin verses alternative materials such as copolymers of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
• the inclusion of 1% to 20% of silicone by weight of the silicone polyether block copolymer surprisingly provides desirable levels of lubrication despite being present at low levels in the polymer.
• the copolymers are block copolymers and may preferably have a pendant graft structure.
• the silicone polyether block copolymer preferably has a ratio of polyethylene oxide units to polypropylene oxide units of from 3.0 to 0.1, preferably from 2.0 to 0.1, more preferably from 0.6 to 0.25.
• the silicone polyether block copolymer preferably has a ratio of polyethylene oxide units to polypropylene oxide units to silicone units of from 20:65:15.
• the silicone polyether copolymer may have a molecular weight of from about 10000 to about 19000, more preferably from about 10000 to 15000.
• Suitable silicone polyether copolymers are available from Momentive under the Silwets trademark products including L7210, L7602, L7220, L7230, L7500, preferably L7210 and L7602.
• Non-limiting examples of commercially available silicone oils include Dow Corning 200 fluid, Dow Corning 244, Dow Corning 245, Dow Corning 344, and Dow Corning 345, (commercially available from Dow Corning Corp.); SF-1204 and SF-1202 Silicone Fluids (commercially available from G.E.
• Suitable triglycerides may have the following formula:
• R, R′ and R′′ may be the same as or different from one or both of the others, wherein each of R, R′ and R′′ is a fatty acid and wherein the or each triglyceride is solid at 25° C.
• Suitable oils from which triglycerides may be formed from include, but are not limited to, the oils listed herein.
• Suitable fatty acids for formation of triglycerides include, but are not limited to, Myristoleic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Sapienic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, ⁇ -Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Lauric acid (C 12 ), Myristic acid (C 14 ), Palmitic acid (C 16 ), Stearic acid (C 18 ), Arachidic acid (C 20 ) and mixtures thereof.
• triglycerides suitable for inclusion herein include Shea Butter, Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, Cocoa Butter, Mangifera Indica (Mango) Seed Butter, Kokum Butter and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are shea butter, cocoa butter and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred liquid phase components may be selected from capric and or caprylic triglycerides, olive oil, shea butter, cocoa butter, petrolatum, isopropyl isostearate, dimethicones, phenylated silicones, silicone polyether block copolymers and mixtures thereof.
• the silicone polyether block polymers are particularly advantageous as they may facilitate the dispersion of the water soluble polymer in the lipophilic structurant as discussed hereinafter and may also improve lubrication.
• the lubricating member may further comprise from about 1% to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 5% to about 40%, more preferably from about 10% to about 30% and even more preferably from about 20% to about 30% by weight of a water soluble polymer.
• suitable water soluble polymers suitable for use herein include polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polyhydroxymethacrylate, polyvinyl imidazoline, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyethymethacrylate, quaternary ammonium polymers, guars, celluloses, modified celluloses and mixtures thereof.
• the water soluble polymers may be selected from polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polyhydroxymethacrylate, polyvinyl imidazoline, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyethymethacrylate, quaternary ammonium polymers and mixtures thereof.
• said water soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
• the preferred water soluble polymers are the polyethylene oxides generally known as POLYOX (available from Union Carbide Corporation) or ALKOX® (available from Meisei Chemical Works, Kyoto, Japan).
• the water soluble polymer, (especially these polyethylene oxides) may have average molecular weights of at least about 20,000, preferably at least about 50,000, more preferably at least about 100,000 or from about 100,000 to about 8 million, preferably about 300,000 to about 5 million, more preferably from about 1 million to about 5 million, even more preferably from about 2 million to about 4 million.
• One preferred polyethylene oxide comprises a blend of about 40% to 80% of polyethylene oxide having an average molecular weight of about 5 million (e.g.
• POLYOX COAGULANT and about 60% to 20% of polyethylene oxide having an average molecular weight of about 300,000 (e.g. POLYOX WSR-N-750).
• the polyethylene oxide blend may also advantageously contain up to about 10% (for example about 5%) by weight of a low molecular weight (i.e. MW ⁇ 10,000) polyethylene glycol such as PEG-100.
• Suitable water soluble cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, for example a quaternized hydroxymethyl cellulose obtainable under the name UCARE POLYMER JR 400® from Dow, hydrophobized quaternized hydroxymethyl cellulose, for example SOFTCAT® SL-5 from Dow, cationic starches, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl imidazole polymers, for example LUVIQUAT® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, for example lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolysed collagen (LAMEQUAT®—L/Grünau), quaternised wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, for example amidomethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and Dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethy-lenetriamine (CARTARETIN
• the water soluble polymer is preferably selected so that it is solid at standard ambient temperature and pressure.
• the water soluble polymer may thus have a melting point of 60° C. or greater, preferably 65° C. or greater more preferably 70° C. or greater.
• the melting point of each component preferably has a melting point of 60° C. or greater, preferably 65° C. or greater more preferably 70° C. or greater. The melting point is determined according to ASTM D5440-93.
• the melting point of the lipophilic structurant is at least 5° C., preferably at least 10° C. less than the melting point of the water soluble polymer, or from 5° C. to 45° C. less than the melting point of the water soluble polymer.
• the water soluble polymer is provided in the form of particles, preferably discrete particles dispersed within the lipophilic structurant.
• Preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of said water soluble polymer is in the form of discrete particulates dispersed within said lipophilic structurant.
• These particulates may have an average particle size of from 50 to 1250 microns, preferably less than 1000 microns. The particles can be readily observed using scanning electron microscopy techniques
• lipophilic structurant having a melting point between about 45° C. or greater than 45° C. and less than 60° C., enables the water insoluble materials to be melted during the manufacturing process of the lubricating member in a simple hot melt one batch process, but at temperatures which allow the addition of thermally sensitive ingredients such as water soluble polymers without these materials being melted. Moreover it has been surprisingly found that the addition of the water soluble polymer does not require that the polymer is in a liquid form or that it is phase compatible with the lipophilic structurant.
• the water soluble material may be added in a solid form, as particulates which are dispersed throughout the lipophilic structurant. It is believed that consequently the water soluble material does not undergo any significant thermal degradation during manufacture thereby increasing its efficacy as a lubricant. Moreover using a particulate dispersion of the water soluble polymer obsoletes the need for high temperature and high shear process step during manufacture in order to incorporate within the lipophilic structurant.
• the dispersion of the water soluble polymer may be further improved by the incorporation of silicone polyether block polymers as one of the components of the liquid phase.
• the lubricating member may comprise less than 5% by weight preferably less than 1% by weight, more preferably is substantially free of a water insoluble polymeric structurant.
• a water insoluble polymeric structurant Whilst not bound by theory the structuring properties of the lubricating member of the present invention are provided by the lipophilic structurant and consequently additional water insoluble polymers are not required.
• water insoluble polymeric structurants include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, polystyrene (PS), butadiene-styrene copolymer (e.g.
• polystyrene medium and high impact polystyrene
• polyacetal acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
• ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
• polyurethane and blends thereof such as polypropylene/polystyrene blend or polystyrene/impact polystyrene blend.
• the lubricating material may comprise any other ingredients commonly found in commercially available shaving aid members.
• the lubricating member may therefore contain other conventional shaving aid ingredients, such as low molecular weight water-soluble release enhancing agents such as polyethylene glycol (MW ⁇ 10,000, e.g., 1-10% by weight PEG-100), water-swellable release enhancing agents such as cross-linked polyacrylics (e.g., 2-7% by weight), colorants, skin feel/care actives, surfactants, soaps (including interrupted soaps), antioxidants, preservatives, emollients, beard softeners, astringents, medicinal agents, plasticizers, additional lubricants, depilatories/keratolytic materials, tackifiers, skin-soothing agents, fragrances, compatibilisers, anti-inflammatory agents, antipruritic/counterirritant mater-ials, dyes, pigments etc. and mixture thereof.
• low molecular weight water-soluble release enhancing agents such as polyethylene glycol (MW
• Other optional components may include skin active agents such as, but not limited to oil soluble vitamins, such as vitamin E derivatives, including vitamin E acetate and tocopherol nicotinate; oil-soluble vitamin A derivatives, such as retinyl palmitate; lanolin; ceramides; sterols and sterol esters; salicylic acid; camphor; eucalyptol; essential oils; peppermint oil, Iso E Super [(1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethanone]; and mixtures there-of.
• skin active agents such as, but not limited to oil soluble vitamins, such as vitamin E derivatives, including vitamin E acetate and tocopherol nicotinate; oil-soluble vitamin A derivatives, such as retinyl palmitate; lanolin; ceramides; sterols and sterol esters; salicylic acid; camphor; eucaly
• Suitable synthetic coolants include derivatives of or structurally related menthol compounds, i.e., containing the cyclohexane moiety, and derivatized with functional groups including carboxamide, ketal, ester, ether and alcohol.
• Non-limiting examples include methyl emthylamido oxalate, (under the tradename FRESCOLAT® X-cool available from Symrise), menthyl lactate (such as FRESCOLAT® ML Natural available from Symrise), and Menthyl Pyrrolidone Carboxylate also known as Menthyl PCA (under the tradename QUESTICES® available from Givaudan).
• Optional components which are liquids are included in determining the total amount of liquid phase present
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a lubricating member.
• the method comprises the steps of:
• the lubricating member finds particular application for hair removal devices.
• Hair removal devices generally comprise a hair removal head and a handle or grip portion, upon which the hair removal head is mounted.
• the hair removal device can be manual or power driven and can be used for wet and/or dry application.
• the hair removal head can include a wide scraping surface such as where the hair removal device is used with a depilatory, or be a razor cartridge or foil where the device is a shaving razor.
• the hair removal head may be replaceable and/or pivotally connected to a cartridge connecting structure and in turn or independently (e.g. permanently fixed) to a handle.
• the cartridge connecting structure includes at least one arm to releasably engage the hair removal head.
• the hair removal head typically comprises one or more elongated edges usually positioned between a first and second end, said one or more elongated edges comprising a tip extending towards said first end.
• the hair removal head is a razor cartridge
• the one or more elongated edges can include blades.
• U.S. Pat. No. 7,168,173 generally describes a FUSION® razor that is commercially available from The Gillette Company and which includes a razor cartridge with multiple blades.
• the razor cartridge may include a guard as well as a skin engaging member.
• a variety of razor cartridges can be used in accordance with the present invention.
• Non limiting examples of suitable razor cartridges, with and without fins, guards, and/or shave aids include those marketed by The Gillette Company under the FUSION®, VENUS® product lines as well as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,197,825, 6,449,849, 6,442,839, 6,301,785, 6,298,558; 6,161,288, and U.S. Patent Publ. 2008/060201.
• the lubricating member can be used with any currently marketed system or disposable razor, including those having 2, 3, 4 or 5 blades.
• the hair removal device is a razor
• the hair removal head is a razor cartridge and the one or more elongated edges are blades.
• Another example of a hair removal device is a scraping tool for use with a hair removal composition, i.e. a depilatory.
• said at least one lubricating member is located on the portion of the cartridge that contacts skin during the hair removal process, forward and/or aft of the blades.
• a feature “forward” of the one or more elongated edges for example, is positioned so that the surface to be treated with by the hair removal device encounters the feature before it encounters the elongated edges.
• a feature “aft” of the elongated edge is positioned so that the surface to be treated by the hair removal device encounters the feature after it encounters the elongated edges.
• more than one lubricating member is provided on the hair removal device, they can be the same (identical) or different, in terms of physical shape/structure and/or chemical composition, and one or more of them may comprise the spray coated particulate.
• a plurality e.g. 2, a first and second
• lubricating members may be provided on the hair removal head, with the first skin engaging member comprising the same composition or different.
• These lubricating members may be placed collectively (for example adjacent to one another) ahead of or behind the elongated edges (e.g. blades on a razor cartridge), including side by side, or separately with one ahead of the elongated edges and the other behind.
• the lubricating member may be free standing utilizing a suitable attachment means such as adhesive or may be contained at least partially within a container.
• the container typically has a base and at least one side wall extending vertically preferably perpendicular from said base and a skin contacting surface.
• said container comprises a base and at least 2 side walls, more preferably at least 4 side walls, preferably said walls completely enclosing the base.
• each pair of walls are substantially parallel and preferably one pair of walls is substantially parallel to the at least two blades.
• the base may be enclosed by a one piece single wall.
• the container may form any shape including substantially rectangular, or oval.
• the container typically has a front wall adjacent the blades and a rear wall, preferably substantially parallel thereto and furthest from said blades.
• the container is preferably further provided with at least one dispensing orifice for dispensing the lubricating member onto the skin during use.
• the container is provided with a top extending substantially perpendicular from the side wall (s).
• the container would in such an embodiment typically have a receiving region for receiving the lubricating member.
• the top may be substantially parallel to the base or it may be provided at an angle such that the distance of the top from the blade plane increases or decreases as the distance of the container from the blades increases.
• the height of the top of the container increases in distance from the blade plane as the container distance from the blades increases. In an alternative embodiment the height of the top of the container decreases in distance from the blade plane as the container distance from the blade increases.
• the orifice may be of any shape and may, for example, have a cross sectional area of from about 0.00324 to about 1.613 cm 2 . Small orifices can also be provided with cross sectional area of from about 0.0324 to about 0.324 cm 2 , or from about 0.0645 to about 0.16135 cm 2 . Larger orifices can have cross sectional areas of from about 0.324 to about 1.613 cm 2 , or from about 0.645 to about 1.29 cm 2 .
• the container may comprise a single orifice or multiple orifices which may be large and or small. In one embodiment the container comprises at least two orifices.
• Combinations of small and large orifices can also be provided on the same skin engaging member, or on separate members on the same cartridge, depending on the desired dispense rate and amount of exposure of the lubricating material to water.
• the top of the container is provide with one preferably two orifices, more preferably two substantially identical orifices adjacent one another.
• At least a portion of said container is not linear for example angled or curvilinear.
• Curvilinear as defined herein means that at least a portion is curved such that it does not form a straight line. Where at least two containers are provided, they can also be positioned relative to one another such that they do not form a straight line. Alternatively, the curved or angled nature is such that it forms at least a partial ring.
• One or more of said containers may also be positioned relative to one another to form a full ring.
• the container can be formed of a variety of materials.
• the container may, preferably be for example, provided from a non-water soluble material such that it does not degrade or dissolve during normal use.
• the container typically has sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity to provide adequate mechanical strength to the entire skin engaging member, both as initially produced and after a significant amount of lubricating material has leached out of the container.
• a further reinforcing member may also be utilized.
• the container comprises a base and one or more side walls, forming a receiving region, or channel, onto or into which the lubricating material is placed.
• the container may be made of a water-insoluble polymer, particularly a thermoplastic resin.
• Thermoplastic resins are those materials which can be extruded or molded into a shape and are resilient under normal environmental conditions such as contact with water, even up to normal household hot water temperatures (for example up to 125° C.); normal wear and tear by consumers during use; device assembly and shipping, etc.
• Thermoplastic resins suitable for use in the carrier include polystyrene, high impact polystyrene (polystyrene-butadiene), polypropylene, filled polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon ethylene vinyl acetate, and blends such as 70% nylon/30% polyethylene oxide, 60% polystyrene/40% polyethylene oxide butadiene styrene copolymer, polyacetal, acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymer, and mixtures thereof.
• the preferred resins are high impact polystyrene, polystyrene, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and mixtures thereof.
• the cartridge comprises a guard comprising at least one elongated flexible protrusion to engage a user's skin.
• the at least one flexible protrusion may comprise flexible fins generally parallel to said one or more elongated edges.
• Said at least one flexible protrusion may additionally or alternatively comprise flexible fins comprising at least one portion which is not generally parallel to said one or more elongated edges.
• suitable guards include those used in current razor blades and include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
• said lubricating member is positioned on the cartridge aft of the guard and forward of said elongated edge. In another embodiment, the lubricating member is positioned on the cartridge forward of the guard. This embodiment can be particularly useful to deliver the lubricating member prior to contact with the guard.
• the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS).
• GPC/MALLS system used for the analysis is comprised of a Waters Alliance e2695 Separations Module, a Waters 2414 interferometric refractometer, and a Wyatt Heleos II 18 angle laser light scattering detector.
• the column set used for separation is purchased from TOSOH Biosciences LLC, King of Prussia, Pa.
• dn/dc a value of dn/dc is needed.
• the value of dn/dc is measured as follows.
• the RI detector is thermostated to 35 degrees Celsius.
• a series of five concentration standards of the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester in THF is prepared in the range 0.5 mg/ml to 5.5 mg/ml.
• a THF blank is injected directly into the refractive index detector, followed by each of the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester concentration standards, and ending with another THF blank.
• the volume of each sample injected is large enough to obtain a flat plateau region of constant differential refractive index versus time; a value of 1.0 ml is typically used.
• a baseline is constructed from the initial and final THF injections. For each sample, peak limits are defined and the concentrations entered to calculate dn/dc in the ASTRA software. For the metathesized canola oil of Example 2 in THF, a dn/dc value of 0.072 ml/g is obtained.
• a total of three samples are evaluated: the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, a non-metathesized unsaturated polyol ester (glycerol trioleate [122-32-7], Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wis.), and a representative olefin (1-octadecene, [112-88-9], Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wis.).
• the GPC samples are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF).
• Concentrations for the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester are approximately 20 mg/ml, and concentrations for the non-metathesized unsaturated polyol ester and olefin are approximately 5 mg/ml.
• each solution is filtered by a 0.45 micron nylon filter disk into a GPC autosampler vial for analysis.
• the GPC column temperature is at room temperature, approximately 25 degrees Celsius.
• HPLC grade THF is used as the mobile phase and is delivered at a constant flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.
• the injection volume is 100 microliters and the run time is 40 minutes. Baselines are constructed for all signals.
• Peak elution limits include metathesized unsaturated polyol ester and non-metathesized unsaturated polyol ester, but exclude later eluting residual olefin.
• the retention times of the non-metathesized unsaturated polyol ester and olefin were determined from the separate injection runs of both the non-metathesized unsaturated polyol ester and olefin. Baselines and scattering detectors are reviewed.
• the oligomer index of the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is calculated from data that is determined by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Fourier Transform Orbital Trapping Mass Spectrometry (SFC-Orbitrap MS).
• the sample to be analyzed is typically dissolved in methylene chloride or a methylene chloride-hexane mixture at a concentration of 1000 ppm (1 mg/mL).
• a further 25 ⁇ -100 ⁇ dilution is typically made into hexane (for a final concentration of 10-40 ppm).
• a volume of 2-7.5 ⁇ L is typically injected on to a SFC column (for example, a commercially available 3 mm i.d. ⁇ 150 mm Ethylpyridine column, 3 ⁇ M particle size).
• the mobile phase is typically programmed from 100% carbon dioxide with a gradient of one percent per minute methanol.
• the effluent from the column is directed to a mixing tee where an ionization solution is added.
• the ionization medium is typically 20 mM ammonium formate in methanol at a flow of 0.7 mL/min while the SFC flow is typically 1.6 mL/min into the tee.
• the effluent from the mixing tee enters the ionization source of the Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer, which is operated in the heated electrospray ionization mode at 320° C.
• a hybrid linear ion trap—Orbitrap mass spectrometer i.e., the Orbitrap Elite from Thermoelectron Corp.
• a mass resolution m/ ⁇ m peak width at half height
• C,H,O compositions of eluting species are obtained by accurate mass measurement (0.1-2 ppm) and are correlated to metathesis products.
• sub-structures may be probed by linear ion trap “MS” experiments with subsequent accurate-mass analysis in the Orbitrap, as practiced typically in the art.
• the metathesis monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and higher order oligomers are fully separated by SFC.
• the chromatogram based on ion current from the Orbitrap MS may be integrated, as typically practiced in the art, for each of the particular oligomer groups including metathesis monomers, metathesis dimers, metathesis trimers, metathesis pentamers, and each of the higher order oligomers. These raw areas may then be formulated into various relative expressions, based on normalization to 100%.
• the sum of the areas of metathesis trimers through the highest oligomer detected is divided by the sum of all metathesis species detected (metathesis monomers to the highest oligomer detected). This ratio is called the oligomer index.
• the “oligomer index” is a relative measure of the fraction of the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester which is comprised of trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and higher order oligomers.
• Another aspect of the invention provides a method to measure the iodine value of the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester.
• Another aspect of this invention provides a method to determine the free hydrocarbon content of the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester.
• the method combines gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) to confirm identity of the free hydrocarbon homologs and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) to quantify the free hydrocarbon present.
• GC/MS gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy
• GC/FID flame ionization detection
• the sample to be analyzed was typically trans-esterified by diluting (e.g. 400:1) in methanolic KOH (e.g. 0.1N) and heating in a closed container until the reaction was complete (i.e. 90° C. for 30 min.) then cooled to room temperature.
• the sample solution could then be treated with 15% boron tri-fluoride in methanol and again heated in a closed vessel until the reaction was complete (i.e. at 60° C. for 30 min.) both to acidify (methyl orange—red) and to methylate any free acid present in the sample. After allowing to cool to room temperature, the reaction was quenched by addition of saturated NaCl in water.
• An organic extraction solvent such as cyclohexane containing a known level internal standard (e.g. 150 ppm dimethyl adipate) was then added to the vial and mixed well. After the layers separated, a portion of the organic phase was transferred to a vial suitable for injection to the gas chromatograph. This sample extraction solution was analyzed by GC/MS to confirm identification of peaks matching hydrocarbon retention times by comparing to reference spectra and then by GC/FID to calculate concentration of hydrocarbons by comparison to standard FID response factors.
• a known level internal standard e.g. 150 ppm dimethyl adipate
• a hydrocarbon standard of known concentrations, such as 50 ppm each, of typically observed hydrocarbon compounds i.e. 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane and octadecane
• This hydrocarbon standard was analyzed by GC/MS to generate retention times and reference spectra and then by GC/FID to generate retention times and response factors.
• GC/MS An Agilent 7890 GC equipped with a split/splitless injection port coupled with a Waters QuattroMicroGC mass spectrometer set up in EI+ ionization mode was used to carry out qualitative identification of peaks observed.
• a non-polar DB1-HT column (15 m ⁇ 0.25 mm ⁇ 0.1 um df) was installed with 1.4 mL/min helium carrier gas.
• 1 uL of the hydrocarbon standard and sample extract solution were injected to a 300° injection port with a split ratio of 25:1. The oven was held at 40° C. for 1 minute then ramped 15 C.°/minute to a final temperature of 325° C.
• the transfer line was kept at 330° C. and the temperature of the EI source was 230° C.
• the ionization energy was set at 70 eV and the scan range was 35-550 m/z.
• GC/FID An Agilent 7890 GC equipped with a split/splitless injection port and a flame ionization detector was used for quantitative analyses.
• a non-polar DB1-HT column (5 m ⁇ 0.25 mm ⁇ 0.1 um df) was installed with 1.4 mL/min helium carrier gas.
• 1 uL of the hydrocarbon standard and sample extract solution was injected to a 330° injection port with a split ratio of 100:1.
• the oven was held at 40° C. for 0.5 minutes then ramped at 40 C.°/minute to a final temperature of 380° C. which was held for 3 minutes resulting in a total run time of 12 minutes.
• the FID was kept at 380° C.
• the RBD refined, bleached, and deodorized
• canola oil Prior to the metathesis reaction, the RBD (refined, bleached, and deodorized) canola oil is pre-treated by mixing the oil with 2% (by weight) bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) and heating to 120° C. with a nitrogen sweep for 1.5 hours.
• the oil is cooled to room temperature, filtered through a bed of CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth (EMD, Billerica, Mass.), and stored under inert gas until ready to use.
• CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth EMD, Billerica, Mass.
• the metathesized canola oil is diluted in hexanes ([110-54-3], EMD, Billerica, Mass.).
• 2% bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) is added and mixed for ⁇ 6 hours.
• the oil is filtered through a bed of CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth.
• the oil is treated a second time with 2% bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) for ⁇ 6 hours.
• the oil is filtered through a bed of CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth and then rotary evaporated to concentrate.
• the metathesized canola oil is then passed through a wipe film evaporator at 180° C. and ⁇ 0.5 Torr vacuum to remove olefins up to and including C-18 chain lengths. Representative examples are summarized in the table below.
• the samples 1A and 1B are analyzed for weight average molecular weight, iodine value, free hydrocarbon content and oligomer index, using methods described previously, and are found to approximately have the following values:
• Metathesized canola oil, sufficiently stripped of residual olefins (176.28 g from Example 1A) is blended with pretreated canola oil (350.96 g, pretreated as described in Example 1) in a round-bottomed flask.
• the blend is sub-surface sparged with inert gas while mixing and heating to 55° C.
• the catalyst is dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane ([107-06-2], EMD, Billerica, Mass.) that is stored over 4 ⁇ molecular sieves and sub-surface sparged with inert gas prior to use.
• a vacuum is applied to remove volatile olefins that are generated. After ⁇ 4 hours reaction time, the vacuum is broken and the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is cooled to room temperature.
• the metathesized canola oil is diluted in hexanes ([110-54-3], EMD, Billerica, Mass.).
• 2% bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) is added and mixed for ⁇ 6 hours.
• the oil is filtered through a bed of Celite® 545 diatomaceous earth.
• the oil is treated a second time with 2% bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) for ⁇ 6 hours.
• the oil is filtered through a bed of CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth and then rotary evaporated to concentrate.
• the remetathesized canola oil is then passed through a wipe film evaporator at 180° C. and ⁇ 0.5 Torr vacuum to remove olefins up to and including C-18 chain lengths.
• a representative example is summarized in the table below.
• the sample 2 is analyzed for weight average molecular weight, iodine value, free hydrocarbon content and oligomer index, using methods described previously, and is found to approximately have the following values:
• the RBD (refined, bleached, and deodorized) oil Prior to the metathesis reaction, the RBD (refined, bleached, and deodorized) oil is pre-treated by mixing the oil with 2% (by weight) bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) and heating to 120° C. with a nitrogen sweep for 1.5 hours.
• the oil is cooled to room temperature, filtered through a bed of CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth (EMD, Billerica, Mass.), and stored under inert gas until ready to use.
• the metathesized oil is diluted in hexanes ([110-54-3], EMD, Billerica, Mass.). To the diluted material, 2% bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) is added and mixed for ⁇ 6 hours. The metathesized oil is filtered through a bed of CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth. The metathesized oil is treated a second time with 2% bleaching clay (Filtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.) for ⁇ 6 hours. The metathesized oil is filtered through a bed of CELITE® 545 diatomaceous earth and then rotary evaporated to concentrate.
• 2% bleaching clay Frtrol F-160, BASF, Florham Park, N.J.
• the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester is then passed through a wipe film evaporator at 180° C. and ⁇ 0.5 Torr vacuum to remove olefins up to and including C-18 chain lengths. Representative examples are summarized in the table below.
• the metathesized unsaturated polyol ester (approximately 200 g) is dissolved in hexanes (120 ml, [110-54-3], EMD, Billerica Ma). To this solution is added a slurry of Nickel on Silica (20 g, [7440-02-0], Catalog #28-1900, Strem Chemicals, Inc., Newburyport, Mass.). The slurried mixtures is transferred via vacuum to the Parr reactor. The mixture is degassed with several vacuum/nitrogen fill cycles. Then with stirring (800-900 rpm), hydrogen gas (550-650 psig, [1333-74-0], UHP grade, Wright Brothers, Inc., Montgomery, Ohio) is charged to the reactor. The reaction is heated at 150° C. and hydrogen gas pressure reduction monitored until constant ( ⁇ 12 hours).
• the reaction is cooled to 60° C. and drained from the reactor.
• the reactor is rinsed with methyl tert-butyl ether ([1634-04-4], EMD, Billerica, Mass.) and combined with the solid hydrogenated metathesized polyol ester.
• a hot filtration is then performed to remove the catalyst, followed by vacuum to remove all residual solvent.
• Fully hydrogenated materials are obtained using the method above. Lower hydrogenation levels are obtained by decreasing the reaction temperature to 125 degrees Celsius using 5 grams of catalyst and reducing the reaction time and hydrogen consumed.
• Iodine Value (IV) is measured, as described elsewhere.
• the metathesis monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and higher order oligomers from the product in Example 2 are fully separated by SFC using the method described above.
• the individual SFC fractions are collected and trimers, tetramers, and higher order oligomers are combined.
• the oligomer index of this sample is about 1.
• a lubricating member comprising,

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