US2017875A - Lapping machine - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 22, 1935. y|= THELER ET AL 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE Filed Dec. 5, 1932 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 gmc/Wto@ Oct. 22, 1935. F. J, THELER 'ET AL 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE Filed Deo. 5, 1932 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 22, 1935. F. J. THELER Er AL LAPPING MACHINE Filed De'G. 5,I 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 lzg4 Oct. 22, 1935. THELER Er AL 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE` Filed Deo. 5, 1932 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 www' mm3 0d. 22, 1935; F. J. THELER ET AL n 2,017,875

LAPPING MACHINE Filed Dec. 5, 1932V 7 sheets-sheet 5 Oct.l 22, 1935.

F. J. THELER EVAL LAPPING MACHINE Jia Filed Deo. 5, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 ma n Oct. 22, 1935. J THELER ET AL 2,017,875

LAP-PING MACHINE Filed Deo. 5, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Patented Oct. 22, 1935 LAPPmG MAcHiNE Frederick J. Theler, Cincinnati, George V. Johnston, Loveland, and Willetts Peaslee, Cincinnati, Ohio Application December 5, 1932, Serial No. 645,730

36 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in machine tools and especially to improvements in lapping machines.

An object of this invention is the provision of a lapping machine particularly adapted for lapping cylindrical or circular work pieces that cannot be axially shifted during the lapping operation.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a lapping machine for rapidly and simultaneously lapping individual portions of a circular or cylindrical work piece.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a. lapping machine for lapping the shoulders of cylindrical work pieces, that is, lapping that portiorr ofa cylindrical work piece that lies adjacent an enlzrgediillar or flange on the work.

A still further object of the invention is the.

provision of a lapping machinefor lapping the u dat lateral faces of an enlarged portion of a Y work piece.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved lapping machine for simultaneous- 1y lapping cylindrical portions of a work piece 2.-, which lie adjacent an enlarged flange or collar and for lapping one or both sides of the said flange or collar simultaneouslyY with the lapping of the cylindrical portions of the work.

It is also a, further object of this invention to 3U provide an improved lapping machine for accomplishing the above objects in which the work is automatically presented to the lapping wheels or members and automatically ejected therefrom.

The invention also contemplates an improved 35 control mechanism for initiating and controlling the several functions and operations of the machine.

, Other objects -and advantages of the present invention should be readily apparent by reference o to the following specification considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof, and it is to be understood that any modifications may be made in the exact structural details there shown and described, 4;, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from or exceeding the spirit cf the invention.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a front elevation of the improved 50 lapping machine of this invention. v Figure 2 is atop plan view of the machine as seen in Figure l, the truing mechanisms being removed and the guard shown in section.

Figure 3 is an end elevational view, as seen 55 from the left hand end of Figures 1 and 2*.

position with respect to the lapping members.

Figure 'l is a diagrammatic view illustrating 10 the hydraulic control circuits involved in the invention.

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view through the throat of the machine, as seen particularly along line 8 8 on Figure 1. l5

Figure 9 is a vertical sectional view taken at right angles to the planeor section of Figure 8, as seen along line 9 9 on vsaid Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line I0 I0 on Figure 8. 20

Figure 11 is a sectional View through the control valve for the hydraulic circuit and is taken on line Il ll on Figure 1.

Figure 12 is a horizontal sectional view showing the speed variation mechanism and is a viewtaken substantiallyon line I2 I2 on Figure 3.

Figure 13 is a sectional view taken on line I3 l3 on Figure 2.

Figure 14 is a sectional view taken on line M 'Ill on Figure 4.

Figure 15 is a sectional view l5-l5 on Figure 11. I

Throughout the several views ofthe drawings, similar reference characters have been employed j 3o taken on line -to denote the same or similar parts.

Since this application and our co-pending application Serial No; 622,662, filed July 1 5, 1932, have certain subject-matter in common, we have made claims to such common subject-matter in` the said copending application. .40

As was suggested above, the machine of this invention is particularly adapted for providinga flat lapped nish on work pieces.- By thisis meant that the work is provided with a surface that is substantially devoid of alternate grooves and ridges, which are produced by a grinding machine during the final grinding operation. These grooves and ridges are generally circumferentialof the work pieces and are formed by the abrasive y grains of which the grinding wheel is composed. It is to be understood that the grinding wheel, in usual grinding practice, is rotated at its efficient grinding rate of speed, namely about 6000 periph-- eral feet or more 4a minute. It is also appreciated that the depth of the groove and theregularity of the ridges depend to a large extent on the grade or iineness of the said grains of which the wheel is composed. When the work piece resulting from such a grinding operation is placed in operation in the mechanism or apparatus of which it forms a part the ridges are soon Worn away so that while the work piece probably tted its bearing when inserted therein, it will, shortly after being placed in use, be loose therein due to the wearing away and resultant flattening out of the said ridges.

The machine of this invention removes these ridges left by the grinding operation and does so without forming any of its own and thereby our invention insures that the work piece i'lts its bearing, if, as is usually the case, it is intended for reception in or by a bearing, for a considerably longer period of time after being placed in use. The surface, therefore, produced by the lapping machine is iiat or plane (though it may be curved) asvcompared to the ridged surface of the piece after it leaves the grinding machine. This vlapped surface is produced on the present machine by wheels composed of abrasive grains, but due t0 such factors as the fact that the differential in speed between the wheel and work is much lower than that between the grinding machine wheel and work, the results are entirely different.

Speciiically the machine comprises a bed I5 (Figure v1) having formed on its upper surface opposed raised pads I6 and I1 (Figure 2) on the upper surface of 'which are respectively disposed the lapping head I8 and controlhead I9. Each of the heads has its base plate extending beyond the longitudinal edges of its supporting pad, which resulting extending portions are formed into down-turned flanges 20 and 2l, see Figure 3. Each of the heads is in turn provided on the under surface of its base plate with a groove 22 respectively receiving therein-guide members 23 and 24 (Figures 2 and 3). These guides 23 and 24 are pivoted to be adjustable about vertical axesat their inner adjacent ends by pivots 25 and 26 (Figure 2) to their respective pads and are hence adjustable for correspondingly shifting their heads. From this it will be seen that the angle between the said guides may be changed, thus to dispose said heads at an angle to one another.

Since the means for angling the guides is the same for each, it is deemed suflicient if but one of them be described in detail; accordingly the guide 23 is provided at its outer end with a depending lug 21 (Figure 13) received in a passage or slot 28 formed laterally of a lug or bracket 29 (Figures 2 and 3) projecting from the outer end of the pad I6. The bracket 29 has extending through opposite sides thereof adjusting screws 30 and 3lv (Figures 2, 3 and 13) engaging opposite faces of the lug 21 and co-operating with one another to position the said guide 23 relative to the bed.

The adjusting screws 30 and 3| are provided with lock nuts 32 for securing same and consequently` the guide in adjusted positions. A similar arrangement, as above-mentioned, is provided for adjusting the guide`24; both adjusting arrangements are clearly indicated and shown in Figure 2.

kThe heads I8 and I9 are adapted to be actuated relative to their supporting pads toward and from each other along paths determined by the adjustment oi' the guides 23 and 24 by similar means only one of which will be described in detail. 'I'he lapping head I8 -has mounted in its outer end face a nut 33 (Figures 1 and 2) in threaded engagement with an adjusting screw 34 which is in turn rotatably journaled in a bracket 35 extending upwardly fromA the outer end of the guide 23. The adjusting screw 34 extends beyond the bearing bracket 35 and has secured to its projecting portion a hand or pilot wheel 36 whereby the said screw is rotated.

In order to secure the heads in adjusted positions, the down-turned flanges 20 and 2| thereof each has underlying it a clamp plate 3l (Figure 3) co-operating with manually actuated clamp screws 38 operable by the handles 39 for securely engaging underneath laterally extending flanges of the raised pads and clamping them between the i shaft or spindle 44 carried by the carriage 42 when the said shaft or spindle is horizontallyvdisposed. Received in the aperture 43 is a pivot pin 66 connecting the head I8 and carriage 42 and about which the carriage may be oscillated or swung to dispose the axis of the shaft or spindle 44 at an angle to the horizontal. 'I'he carriage 42 is provided with arms 4 5 and 46 (Figure 4) in which are mounted anti-friction bearings 4'I and 48 forming journals for the spindle 44. The spindle 44 has mounted thereon a sleeve'or collet 49 for receiving thereon a plurality of lapping members or wheels 50, 5I and 52. The wheels 59 and 5I are spaced from one another by a sleeve 53, while the wheels 5I and 52 are in turn spaced from one another by a sleeve 54. The wheels and spacing sleeves are clamped between an upstanding iiange 55 formed integral with or secured to one end of the collet 49, and a nut posite end of the collet 49.` 'Ihe particular spacing thus provided by way of illustration, as shown in the drawings (see Figure 4) is to take care of the spaced bearings 51, 58 and 59 of a cam shaft such as is used on internal combustion engines. It is to be understood, however, that the machine is not limited to the production of the particular work piece illustrated in the drawings.

In order to clamp the carriage 42 in its selected position of adjustment about the pivot 66, the

-carriage has projecting from it a pair of clamp screws 60 and 6I (see Figure 3) which extend through arcuate slots 62 and 63 formed in the plate 4I. The carriage 42 has further extending from it a clamp bolt 64 (Figure 3) passing through an elongated slot 65 likewise formed in the plate 4I. lIn order to eiect the adjustment or oscillation of the carriage 42 about the axis of the pivot 66, the plate 4I has an outwardly extending boss 61 (Figures 1 and 3) through which is threaded an adjusting screw 68 that contacts with a roller or the like 69 carried by the clamping screw 6I).

From the foregoing it will be noted that the carriage 42 may be oscillated or swung about the axis of the pivot or trunnion 66 (Figure'4) for disposing the axis of the spindle 44 and parts carried thereby at an angle to the horizontal. It will further be noted that through the adjusting screws 30 and 3| the guide 23 may be adjusted about the axis of its pivot 25 for thereby disposing the axis of the spindle 44 .at an angle within the plane which is` parallel to the horizontal plane through the machine.y In other words, the axis of the spindle 44 and parts carried thereby is ad- 56 threaded on the opsimilar to the head |8, includes a bracket or housinstable in planes at right angles to one another for thereby skewing the axis of the lapping wheels withrespect to the axis of the work piece.

By reference particularly to Figure 6 it will be noted that the wheels 50, and 52 are of increasing diameter so that they are in effect sections of a concidal member. The term -conoid al is employed in designating same for the reason that due to the horizontal angular relationship between the axis on which these wheels rotate and the axis of .the work, it is necessary that the surfaces be slightly concaved in order to provide proper contact between the wheels and the work, the lapping members'therefore tending to fit or lap around the work piece. It is of course to be understood that the amount of concaving applied to what may be considered a frustro-conical wheel member, of which only sections 50, 5| and 52 are employed, is as an entirety quite slight, and the concavity is therefore illustrated in greatly exaggerated form to be visually'perceptible in the reduced scale of the drawings.

The head I9 is the work controlling head and,

ing member 10 (Figures l, 2 and 4) having a base plate 10a (Figure 4) and an upstanding face plate 1| against which is butted a carriage 12. The

'plate 1| is provided with an aperture 13 substantially centrally of the width of the plate 1| lying in the plane containing the axis of the spindle or shaft 14 carried by the carriage 12. Journaled in the aperture 13 is a trunnion or pin 15 having integral therewith or secured thereto a key 16 received in a groove or keyway 11 formed in the carriage 12. The carriage 12 also has extending from it a pair of arms 18 and 19 respectively containing anti-friction bearings 80 and 8| forming journals for the spindle 14. The spindle 14 has mounted thereon a sleeve or collet 82 axially spaced of which are the friction control or regulating wheels 83, 84 and 85, illustratively three, to match the lapping wheels. The wheels 83 and 84 are spaced from one another by the sleeve spacing member 86, while the wheels 84 and 85 are likewise spaced from one another by a sleeve or spac er 81. The wheels and spacers are clamped to the collet 82 Aby means of flange 88 integral with or secured to the collet 82 anda nut 89 threaded on said collet. The wheels83. 84 and 85 are juxtaposed to wheels 59, 5|', 52 (Figure 4) and are positioned to engage with the bearing portions 51, 58 and 59 of the work piece at points disposed on the other side of its axis from the points thereof engaged by the lapping wheels 50, 5| and 52.

The carriage 12 is adapted to be oscillated or adjusted about the axis of the trunnion or pivot by a screw 90 (Figure 1) threaded into a boss 9| projecting from the rear surface of the plate 1|. This adjusting screw 90 engages with a roller or the like 92 carried by a clamping bolt 93, this construction being similar to the already described adjusting means carried by the lapping or operating head. A further clamping screw 94 projects from the carriage 12 (see Figure 4) and this clamping screw 94 andv the clamping screw or bolt 93, extend through arcuate slots 96 and 95, respectively. The heads 91 and 98 respectively of clamp screws 93 and 94 are received in T-shaped slots 99 and |00 (Figure 4) formed ln the carriage 12. These T-shaped slots prevent rotation'of the clamping screws when the clamping nuts thereof are actuated in either a clamping or releasing direction and at the same time permit a lateral adscrews I 03 and |04. The said adjusting screws I engage on their inner ends with the vertical faces of the plate 1|, as is better shown in Figure 4. The adjustment of the carriage 12 is limited to take place in a direction axially of the spindle 14 through the interengagement of the above described key 16 and keyway 11. By this construction, no interference isoffered to the oscillation or tilting adjustment of the carriage about the axis of the stud 15 since the key 16 is in the same plane as the stud 15 and is oscillatable with the stud about its axis.

The work piece has formed thereon,l adjacent the bearing portion 59, an enlarged flange or co1- lar |05 (Figure 4) which is tohave its opposite surfaces lapped. 'This lapping is effected on the sideadjacent the bearing 59 by the lateral or side face |06 of the control wheel 85, and on the opposite side by the lateral face (or edge) |01 ofthe passes a pin I I1 carried by a piston rod I I8 which extends through a suitable bore formed -in the spindle. Secured to the outer end of the-piston rod is a piston I I9 enclosed within a cylinder |20 secured in any desirable manner to a suitable part of the bearing 8|. The cylinder |20 is provided with three ports |2I, |22 andi|23 (Figure 4) with which are respectively connected the termini of conduits |24, and |44 forming part of the hydraulic control system (Figure '7) and for conveying the hydraulic medium to the cylinder |20 for the operation ofthe piston therein.

From the foregoing it will be noted that actuation of the piston I I9 relative to the cylinder |20 elfects the shifting of the collet 09 axially or lengthwise of and relative to the spindle 14 and consequently a shifting of the wheel |01 toward and from the work flange |05. The movement of the collet toward the flange continues until the wheel engages said flange whereupon the plungers ||3 and ||4 are compresed until the pin ||1 engages with and is stopped Yby the inner end of the slot passage ||6.

In arder to rigidly tiethe two heads after they have-been adjusted, and to effect further minute.

adjustments between the axes of the lapping and control spindles, the face plates 4| and 1| have respectively extending from their lateral edges,

ears |21. and |28 (Figure 2)- through which are formed tapered bores |29. Extending through l said bores are tie rods and |3| having -on one end thereof nuts |32 which engage, for example, the plate 1|. The other ends of the tie rods I 30 and |3|` are. threaded to receive hand nuts |33 and |34 (Figures 2 and 3) which abut the plate 4|. Actuation of the nuts |33 and |34 in a given direction effects the drawing toward one another of the plates 4| and 1| for springing the said plates and thereby rigidly holding same in positions of adjustment. The tapered bores |29 permit such relative movement between the tie rods |30|3| and the plates 4| and 1|, prior to tightening the nuts |33, |34 as is necessitated bythe adjustment of the heads about the axes of the guides and also by the oscillatory or tilting adjustment of the carriages; thereby interference from said rods to such adjustment as would be the case should the tie rods substantially t the said bores |29 is prevented.

As shown in Figure 9, for example, preferably the wheels are peripherally spaced apart or have their opposed operative surfaces make such an angle with each other as to .support the work in the trough formed by their peripheries or operative surfaces, during the lapping operation. The work is automatically brought into'engagement with the wheels and automatically removed therefrom, for which purpose there is provided a work loading and ejecting mechanism. For supporting the work loading and ejecting mechanism, the bed is provided with a transverse rib |35 (Figure 9) extending crosswise of the bed and undemeath the opposed wheels (Figure 8); extending longitudinally of the slot is formed a T-slot |36 receiving the heads of bolts |31 which secure to the bed the bracket |38. This bracket has depending from it and through a suitable aperture in the bed a circular boss |39, better shown in Figure 8, to which is secured one end of 'a cylinder |40 that encloses a piston |4|. Ihe cylinder |40 is closed at its other end by a head |42 through which is formed a port |43 connected to one end of a conduit |44. The boss |39 of bracket |38 is provided with an aperture through which passes a piston rod |45 having its upper end connected with a carrier |46; a suitable seal or stufing box, as shown in Figure 8, is provided to prevent leakage of the pressure medium throughout the movements of the piston rod. 'I'he carrier 46, whose shifting or movement in an up-and-down direction re- Sponds to the actuation of piston |4|, includes a pair of upstanding cylindrical or sleeve-like arms or posts |41 and |48 encircling posts |49 and |50, respectively, the latter being secured to and extending upwardly from the stationary support or bracket |38.

Accordingly, with the posts |49 and |59 rigidly held in position by the above described construction, they form dependableguiding supports for the carrier 46 and related parts,'for as the carrier |46 partakes of movementsin an up and down direction (in Figure it is shown in its lowermost position), the long sleeve-like members |41 and |48 slide along the posts |49 and |50, respectively, and insure that the carrier 46 and related parts are dependably and accurately guided during movement thereof and also dependably supported during periods of rest thereof.

Threaded into the posts 49 and |50 are stop screws |5| and |52, respectively, which are thereby adjustable up and down relative to the said posts. The upper ends of the adjusting screws |5| and |52 are engaged by the lower ends of studs or pins |53 and |54, respectively, which are part of a supplemental or safety work rest |55. The rest |55 (Figure 8) is not only a safety rest, but also a part of the loading and ejecting mechanism and, in fact, actually carriesnthe work with the lapping members.

said wheels. As was noted above, and during 5` actual grinding, the rest is below the work so that the work is supported by the wheels themselves during the lappingthereof. In addition, the rest |55 has secured to it guide members to prevent inadvertent or premature engagement of thework and lapping wheels and to insure the work contacting rst with the regulating or control wheels to be set into rotation thereby and so that it is already rotating when it contacts These guides consist of a pair of lingers, as is better shown in Figure 9, one being indicated by the reference character |59 and extending verticallyfrom the rest |55 while the other is an inclined finger |60. The ngers |59 and |60 co-operate with one another to form a trough in which the Work is disposed during the movement thereof.

To insure proper contact between the work and Wheels, there is provided a pressure roller mechanism that engages lche work and forces it against 25 the wheels during the lappingoperation, but we have so arranged the parts that the roller is disposed in an inoperative or out-of-the-way position to permit replacement of the work on the loading and ejecting mechanism at the conclusion of the lapping operation. For this reason, the tubular posts |41 and |48 each has extending upwardly from it aflug or ear |6| (Figures 9 and 8) to each of which is pivotally secured, each as bythe shaft |62, an arm |63. Each arm |63 carries at one end a pin or axle |64 on which is rotatably mounted a rollerv |65 (Figures 8 and 9). The roller |65 is covered peripherally with a relatively soft non-scratching material, preferably rubber. Each arm'| 63 has rotatably secured to 40 it a roller |66 (Figure 9) which when the carrier |46 is elevated as indicated in broken lines in Figure 9 engages with an abutment or block |61 carried by the forward end of the regulating wheel carriage 12 for effecting the swinging of 45 the arm |63 in a clockwise direction or from the position shown in full lines in Figure 9 to the position shown in dotted lines therein. This stroke of the oscillation of the arms |63 is against the yielding resistance of springs |68 (Figure 8) 50 having their lower ends |69 connected with tension adjusting bolts |10 carried by the side ends of the carrier |46. The other ends |1| of the springs |68 are connected to chains |12 (Figures 9 and 8) which in turn have their free ends connected to 55 lugs |13 securedto or depending from the under surfaces of the arms |63 respectively, as seen better in Figure 9. 'Ihe chains |12 between the Points of attachment thereof to the arms |63 and to the springs |68 pass over anti-friction rollers |14 carried by the carrier |46 as is better shown in Figure 9.

From the foregoing it will be noted that with the carrier |46 in its work receiving or'upward position, the arms |63 are disposed in their inoperative position, thereby not interfering with the placement of the work on the ngers 59 and |60. As the carrier is lowered into operative position the springs |66 swing the arms |63 in counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Figure 9 to bring the pressure rollers |65 into contact with the work, thereby forcing the work into proper operative engagement with the lapping and work rotation controlling wheels.

The bracket or support |38 which supports the 75 work loading and ejecting mechanism is provided with a cylindrical valve chamber |15 (Figure 10) open at its upper end and containing a by-pass valve |16. This valve has formed therein a passage |11 effective with the valve in one position for connecting the ports |18 and |19 with one another, and eiective, with valve in a second position for interrupting the ow between them, see Figure 10. The port |18 intercepts a port |80 which in turn connects with a port |8| to which is secured one end of the hydraulic conduit |24, which has its other end connected with the port |22 (Figures 4 and '1) of the cylinder |20 which controls ythe axial position of wheel |08 (Figure 4). The port |19 (Figure 10) connects with the port |82 in turn connected with a port |83 which leads into the upper end of the cylinder |40. Connected with the port |83 is one end of an hydraulic conduit |84 which, as will later appear, terminates at a main control and reversing valve. The by-pass valve |16A (shown in section in Figure 8) is provided on opposite ends with counterbores |85 and |86 which are separated by the section |81 of the valve member through which is formed an axially extending hole for receiving a bolt orscrew |88. The lower end of the screw |88 is threaded into the supporting bracket |38 (Figure 8) and the shank of the screw has surrounding it and within the counterbore |86 a coil spring |89 ofthe expansion type, which abuts on one end with the bracket |38 and on its other end with the valve portion |81. The screw |88 has its head disposed within the counterbore and the head is thereby adapted to engage with the valve portion |81 for limiting the movement of the valve upwardly under the influence of the spring |86. The spring |86 tends to dispose the valve in a position for interrupting the flow of the medium through the ports |18 and |19 (Figure 10). In order to shift the valve tothe position shown in the drawings (Figures 8 and 10) and against the action of spring |86, the carrier |46 is provided on its under surface with a boss |90 (Figures 8 and 10) in line with the valve |16 and boss |90 engages and shifts the valve downwardly when the carrier |46 is in its operative or downward position, which is .shown in Figure 8. move upwardly, valve |16 follows such upward movement under the action of spring |86 and to an extent permitted by the head of screw.

The hydraulic circuit is diagrammatically shown in Figure '1 and comprises a pump |9| having connected with its inlet port a conduit |92 which terminates in a sump or tank |93 for the hydraulic medium, preferably oil. The, discharge side of the pump |9| is connected by means of a pipe or conduit |94 with a control or reversing valve indicated generally by the numeral |95, and to be later described in detail. The valve |95 is adapted to alternately connect the conduit |94 with the conduits |25 and |84, the former (|25) terminating at the port |2| of the cylinder |20 while the latter (|84) terminates at the port |83 of the cylinder |40. The remaining conduit |84 or |25 is connected with branch discharge conduits |96 and |91 which are connected with the common return conduit |98 which terminates in the tank or sump |93. From the hydraulic diagram in Figure '1 it will be seen that the conduit |24 connects the port |8| of the by-pass valve with the port |22 of the cylinder |20. It will also be seen that conduit |44 connects the port |43 of the cylinder |40 with the port |23 of the cylinder |20. Also the conduit |84 is connected by the When carrier |46 and related parts y port |83, shown in Figure '1 diagrammatically as conduit |99, with the cylinder |40.

The cycle of operation of the parts hydraulically actuated is as follows. The b y-pass valve |16 is shown in open position, the piston |4| is 5 shown at the lower end o f its movement with the work carrier and the work thereon in position in the throat and being operated upon by the wheels, and the piston ||9 is shown at its inner position so that the wheel |08 (Figure 4) is operating on 10 the side face of ilange |05 of the work piece.v As soon as the operation on the work piece being operated upon is completed, the valve |95 (Figure 6) is actuated, by means to be later described, for connecting the pressure medium in lthe conduit 15 |94 with the conduit |25. This then eiects an outward movement of the piston ||9v (to right in Figure '1 and downwardly in Figure 4) for retracting the wheel |08 and as soon as the wheel is fully retracted, the port |23 (Figures '7 and 4) is uncovered, whereupon the fluid under hydraulic pressure enters the conduit |44 (Figures '1 and 8) to the under side of the piston |4| in the cylinder |40. At the time that piston I9 was retracted, the hydraulic medium ahead of it was expelled from the cylinder |20 into and through the conduit |24, then through ports |18 and |19 of Avalve mechanism |16 (Figures '1 and 8) and then through conduit |84 to the valve I 95, where it became connected with branch and main exhaust 30 conduits |91 and |98, passing to the pump |93 to be again taken up by the pump |9| through conduit |92.

The pressure medium in the conduit |44 now eiects the upward movement of the piston |4| 35 (Figures '1 and 8) carrying with it the carrier |46 with its work piece and elevating the work above the lapping and control wheels so that lt may be replaced by an unfinished one. Assoon as the carrier is moved upwardly, the spring |86 (Figure 40 8) shifts the by-pass valve 16 upwardly to a position to cut off further flow of the medium from thepipe |24 (Figure '1) through the ports |18 and |19 into the conduit |84 and thereby holding piston ||9 (Figures 7 and 4) and consequent- 45 ly the Wheel |08 stationary, in a retracted position, and hence out of the position where it had been operating upon the work.

As soon as the work piece is replaced by an unnished one, the valve |95 is again shifted, this 50 time to the position shown in Figure 7, thereby connecting the main pressure conduit |94 with the conduit |84. The by-pass valve |16 is now in a position to prevent flow through ports |18. and |19 so that the pressure medium in the conduit 55 |84 passes through the port or conduit |99 to the upper end of the cylinder |40 (Figures '1 and 8) and effects a descent of the piston |4| and the work loading mechanism controlling it. The work carried by the carrier |55 continues in its 60 movement downwardly toward the wheels until further downward movement is arrested by the wheels (see Figure 9), whereupon the continued downward movement of thefcarrier |46 depresses the by-pass valve |16 (Figures 8 and '1 and 10) 65 for again permitting or eiecting a ow through the ports |18 and |19 (Figure 7) which thereby connects the branch pressure conduit |34 with the conduit |24 for effecting an inward shifting of the piston ||9 and the wheel 08 (Figure 4) 10 into' operative position. At the conclusion of the grinding operation a repetition of the cycle above described is effected.

The reversing or control valve |95 which is shown diagrammatically in Figure '1 is structural- 75 ly shown in Figure 11. As shown in the latter view, the valve comprises a casing 200 which is bolted to the front of the bed I as is clearly shown in the lower left-hand portion of Figure 1, and has pressed into it a bushing 20| (Figure 11) slidable through which is the piston valve 202. 'Ihe valve 202 is provided with passages 203 and 204 for connecting the port 205 of the bushing with theport 20B, with which in turn connects the conduit |84. At this time the port 201 of the bushing is connected by the cannelure 203 with the port 208 which in turn connects through the throttle valve 209 with the exhaust port 2|0 connected with the conduit |98. Shifting of the valve to its second position from that shown in Figure 11, effects connection of the pressure port 2| by way of the cannelure 203 with the port 201, thereby disconnecting the said port 201 from the exhaust port 2 |0. At this time also the port 206 is connected with the port 2|2 which is connected through the throttle valve 2|3 with the port 2 0 and conduit |98. The pressure ports 205 and 2|| are connected by a circumferential groove 2|4 in the valve bushing and the port 2| 5 with the pressure port 2|6 formed longitu-v dinally of the casing which in turn is connected with the pump pressure line |94.

The valve 202 (Figures 11 and 15) is axially shifted by means of a lever 2| 1 which is secured to a shaft 2| 8 (Figure 15) rotatably journaled in a bearing 2|9 formed integrally with the valve 'casing 200. Secured to the shaft 2| 8 is an arm or lever 220 having formed thereon a tongue 22| adapted to be received in a suitable recess 222 formed in the valve 202. be seen that actuation of the lever 2|1 about tle axis of the shaft 2| 8 correspondingly shifts the lever or arm 222 for thereby axially shifting the valve 202 through its bushing. Iyn order te hold the valve in its various operative positions, it is provided with a pair of circumferential detent grooves 223 and 224 (Figure 11) adapted to co-operate with a spring pressed plunger 225 carried by the casing 200, plunger 225 entering one or the other groove according to the stroke given the valve.

As was suggested above, an abrasive wheel is composed of grains of various grit and grade which are bonded together by a suitable bonding material into a homogeneous mass. This wheel is then rotated at a given rate of speed while in operative engagement with a work piece which is also rotated at a given rate of speed, which bears a denite relation to the speed of rotation of the wheel. In performing grinding operations the wheel is rotated at a surface speed of 6000 feet or more va minute while the work is rotated at but 150 peripheral feet a minute. This produces a grinding finish on the work consisting ofA alternate grooves and ridges, the disadvantage of which finish is fully set forth above. By materially varying the.' ratio between the speeds of' rotation of the work and wheel, the finish' on the work is materially improved. It has been found in practice that the nearerl these two surface speeds approach the ratio of one to one, the ner and flatter becomes the inish on the work. In

other words, there is but a slight diierentialin peripheral speed between the lapping wheels and' the work, which ratio is determined by the size of the work and is such that the speed of the parts does not tend to drag the work down between the wheels. 'I'he speed of rotation of the work is veffected and controlled by the regulating or friction control'wheels 36 wherefor the sur- `level of the valleys therebetween.

From this it will face speed of these wheels must be below the surface speed of the operating or lapping wheels in order to establish the proper surface speed relation between the work and the said lapping wheels. I

In ordinary grinding practice the work contacts with the peripheral surface of a grinding wheel along a line parallel with the axis of the grinding wheel which axis and that of the work are parallel whereby any vibration in these parts results in' ridges and valleys extending the full -lengthA thereof. These high portions of the work surface are commercially known as chatter and cause the work, when put to use, to wear rapidly since the contact therewith is not a true surface contact but on the tops of the ridges,-

which will .wear until they are reduced to the With the present machine, the axis of the peripherally operative lapping wheel is disposed at a relatively large angle to the axis of the work, thereby causing the lapping wheels to contact the work along a diagonal line. In other words, the lapping wheels simultaneously engage the tops of a plurality of ridges or chatters and simultaneously reduce said ridges to the depth of the valleys. 'I'he relative arrangement of the parts from which the above-mentioned diagonal or oblique lapping action takes place is better shown in Figure 6, in which the tilt of the axis of the operating or lap- 'ping members 52, 5| and 50 relative to the axis of the parts of the work piece engaged thereby is better shown. Throughout the length of,

each peripherally operating lapping member and v piece, performs this lapping action in that a point on the operating surface on the lapping member moves obliquely to the circumferential ridges and valleys (which result from the grinding of the work prior to being subjected to the operation of our apparatus) but while the work piece is being rotated by the control member or members ( members 86, 84 and 83, in Figure 6, respectively, juxtaposed to the lapping members 52, 5| and 50) and thereby the reduction or leveling off of the ridges ls dependably and quickly achieved. The action of the abrasive particles throughout the extent of the line of contact between the work and the lapping member is thus made to be effective in a direction oblique to this line of contact and preferably not parallel to the direction in which the grooves or valleys and their intervening ridges extend circumferentially about the work piece. 'I'he effect is somewhat like wiping this obliqueness of action, as the work piece continues to rotate, continuously around the whole cylindrical portion of the work piece being operated upon, andthe abrasive particles are thus dependably caused to traverse (rather than to line up with) the ridges and valleys. From this it will be seen Ythat the work produced by this machine is not only devoid of the circumferential marks, but of the longitudinal chatter marks as well.

To effect the proper differential between the spindles 44 and 14 ofthe lapping and control apr-7,975

shaft 230 is rotatably journaled in bearings provided by a speed changing box or casing 23| (Figure 12) secured to the rear wall of the bed I5. The sprocket 229 has formed integrally therewith or secured thereto an enlarged flange 232 constituting one member of a safety drive vclutch co-operating with a clutch'member 233 driven -from the prime mover or motor 236 through the belts 235, pulley 234, safety clutch 232-233, and the sprocket and chain mechanism from the shaft 230.

The shaft 239 (Figure 12) extends into and through the variable speed box 23| and is provided with a driving, mechanism for eecting the speed changes or reductions. As seen inFigure 12, this driving mechanism comprises a pair of cone drive discs 231 and 238 having formed on their opposed conical faces radial grooves 239 with which engage the dogs 240 of the flexible power transmission chain 24|. The dogs 240 of the chain 24| in turn engage with similar radial grooves 242 formed on the opposed faces of driven cone members 243 and 244 which are similar in all respects to the cone members 231 and 238. 'Ihese other cone members 243--244 are keyed ,or otherwise secured to a shaft 245 rotatably journaledin the walls of the speed change box 23|. The driven shaft. 245 has on a projecting end thereof a sprocket 246 about which is trained a sprocket chain 241 in turn passing upwardly about the sprocket 221 on the friction control wheel spindle 14 (Figure 4). The speed of the shaft 245, as compared to the speed of the shaft 230, depends upon the separation of the opposed members 231--238 and 243- 244 or in other words, if the driving dogs engage the opposed cone members at a central point as respects the length of the radial grooves 239 and 242, the speed' ratio of shafts 230 and 245 and hence of the lapping and control wheels will be the ratio of one to one, while if the members 231 and 238 were separated to permit the driving dogs to engage the radial grooves near their inner termini and the members 243 and 244 were actuated toward one another to cause said dogs to engage in the radial grooves near their outer termini, then the speed of the shaft 245 is less than the speed ofthe shaft 239. Conversely if`these driving and driven cone members are oppositely set or actuated, a change in ratio in opposite direction between these shafts results.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the operating or lapping wheels are rotated at a constant speed while the regulating members may be rotated at variable speeds to thereby establish the desired ratio of speed between the work and the lapping members. This variation in speed is eected by, as suggested above, varying the separation of the driving and driven cone members. This separat-ion is accomplished by two pairs of arms 248 and 249 (Figure 12), the former-pair being connected to one another by the pins 25|)4 while the latter rare correspondingly connected by pins 25|. The said arms are pivoted at a point centrally between the axes of the shafts 230 and 245 as at 252 and 253. The arms 248 are pivotally connected at their outer end at 254 to the driving member 231 and are pivoted near their other ends at 255 to the driven member 243 and have a sliding connection at 256 with a nut 251 in threaded engagement with the screw 258. Ihe arms 249 are pivoted at 259 to the driving member 238 and at 260 with'the driven member 244. The arms 249 also have a sliding connection 26| with a nut 262 on the screw 263. The screws 258 'and 263 are of opposite hand and are formed integral with or connected to a shaft 264 so that rotation of the shaft and consequently of the screws in a given direction actuates or moves their respective nuts 251 and 262 in opposite directions, for example, toward each other, thereby simultaneously shifting the members 231 and 238 away from one another and shifting the members 243 and 244 toward one` another, or vice versa. The shaft 264 is rotatably journaled' in suitable bearings prov-idedby the walls of the casing 23|, and extends beyond the walls where it receives at one end the manually operable knob 265 (Figure 12) and at the other end a sprocket .266. 'Ihe knob 265 may be resorted to in emergency since it is down in back of the bed, while the sprocket 266 is generally employed for more conveniently effecting the necessary or desired adjustment of the parts.

For this latter purpose the sprocket 266 has extending about it a chain 261 which is also trained about a sprocket 268 (see now Figure 5) secured to a shaft 269. 'I'he shaft 269 is rotated in suitable bearings provided by the walls of the bed I5, and beyond the front wall of the bed, or the front bearings 210, the shaft is extended to receive a manually actuable lever 21| (see also Figure l). The lever 21| is provided with a pointer 212 co-operating with a dial 213 for read-v ily determining the relative adjustment of the parts'.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the speed of the wheels may be readily changed from the operators position or station in front of the machine bed where he is at all times stationed during the operation of the machine.

In order to properly tension the belts 235 and in order to take up any stretch in the belts, the prime mover or motor 236 (Figuresl and 3) is in effect mounted on a swivel bracket or up-ended platform 2|4 pivoted at 215 to the bed l5. The upper end of the platform is prcvided with a fork lcarrying a nut 216 in threaded engagement with a screw 211 projecting outwardly from the bed |5. Adjustment of the platform 214 to the left about the axis 215 effects the proper tightening or tensioning of the belts 235.

Thepulley 234-has extending from it a transmission belt 218 (Figure 12) trained about a suitable pulley associated with the pump 219 (Figure 1) pivotally mounted at 280 to the right hand end of the bed, as seen in Figure 1. This pump 219 is also tiltable 'toward or away from the pulley 234 for properly tightening or tensioning the belt 218, for which purpose it has extending from it an arm 28| (Figure 1) through which extends an adjustable tightening screw 282 co-operating with a bracket 283 or other fixed part of the machine for effecting the de'- sired adjustment of the pump 219.

From the foregoing the construction and operation of our apparatus will be clear and it` will be seen that there has been provided in this invention a lapping machine in which the various objects above set forth or indicated, together with many thoroughly practical advantages, are successfully achieved. It will be seen that the apparatus is ofa thoroughly practical nature, is capable of dependably operating upon work pieces of peculiar or irregular shapes or conformations, and, moreover, that the apparatus is capable of such flexibility of adjustment or of interrelation of the various parts thereof that it is well adapted to meet the widely varying types and characters of work pieces, particularly cylindrical work pieces that have shoulders or collared parts thereon, all without detracting from accuracy or quality of result.

What is claimed is: t

1. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of a pair of opposed spindles, a plurality of lapping wheels on one spindle, a plurality of control Wheels on the other spindle,

said spindles being spaced from one another to space the peripheries of said lapping and control wheels a distance less than the diameter of the work being operated upon whereby the work issupported on the peripheries of said wheels, means for rotating said wheels at speeds insucient to draw the Work down between them, loading and ejecting means for placing the work in position on the wheels and removing same from said wheels, and hydraulically actuated means or operating said work loading and ejecting means.

2. In a lapping machine for lapping the portion of a cylindrical work piece adjacent a shoulder thereon, the combination of a cylindrical lapping member rotatable about an axis to dispose said member in a vertical plane and engaging said work piece on one side of said portion witl. said shoulder extending to one side of said lapping member, an opposed friction control member for engaging said portion of the work on the other side thereof to eiect and control its rotation during the lapping operation, means for eiecting the rotation of said members at slightly differential surface speeds, and means for lapping a face of said shoulder as said work piece is rotated by said control member and hence as said shoulder is also rotated.

3. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with a bed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon, means for eiecting adjustment of one of said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, a spindle rotatably mounted in each head, a lapping member `on one of the spindles for lapping the cylindrical portion of a work piece that is disposed adjacent a shoulder, and a friction control and lapping member on the other spindle for engagement respectively with the cylindrical portion of the work and with shoulder for simultaneouslyeffecting and controlling the rotation of the work and for lapping the shoulder portion adjacent thereto.'

4. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with a bed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon, means for effecting adjustment of one of said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, a spindle rotatably mounted in each head, a lapping member on one of the spindles for lapping the cylindrical portion of a work piece that is disposed adjacent a collar, a friction control and lapping member on the other spindle for engagement respectively with the cylindrical portion of the work and With the adjacent face of the collar for simultaneously eiecting and controlling the rotation of the work and for lapping the said adjacent face of the collar, and a second lapping wheel spaced from said second-mentioned lapping member in the direction of the axis of the latter and thereby positioned for engaging the opposite face of said collar for effecting the lapping thereof.

5. In a lapping machine of the class described, 5 the combination with a bed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon, means for effecting adjustment of one of said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, a spindle rotatably mounted in each head, a lapping member on one of the l spindles for lapping the cylindrical portion of a work piece that is disposed adjacent a collar, a friction control and lapping member on the other spindle for engagement respectively with the cylindrical portion of the work and with the l adjacent face of the collar for simultaneously effecting and controlling the rotation of the work and for lapping, the said adjacent face of the collar, a second lapping wheel spaced from said second-mentioned lapping member in the direction of the axis of the latter and thereby positioned for engaging the opposite face of said collar for effecting the lapping thereof, and

means for shifting the second lapping member toward and from the collar to permit a replacement of thework.

6." In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with a bed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon for independent movement relative thereto toward and from one another, additional independent means for pivotally securing the heads to the bed whereby the said heads may be independently swung relative to the bed, a carriage pivotally mounted on each head for swinging adjustment relative thereto; a spindle rotatably journaled in each head, a lapping member carried by one of the spindles, a friction control member carried by the other spindle, and means for adjusting the positions of the heads to dispose the peripheries of the lapping and control wheels from one another a distance less than the diameter of the Work whereby it may be supported on the peripheries of the wheels. u

7. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with a bed, of a pairof heads mounted thereon for independent movement relative thereto toward and from one another, additional independent means for pivotally securing the heads to the bed whereby the said heads may be Vindependently swung relative to the bed, a carriage pivotally mounted on each head for swinging adjustment relative thereto, a spindle rotatably journaled in each head, a lapping member carried by one of the spindles, a friction control member carried by the other spindle, means for adjusting the positions of the heads to dispose the peripheries of the lapping and control wheels from one another a distance less than the diameter of the work whereby it 00 may be supported on the peripheries of the, wheels, and yielding means for yieldingly holding the work in contact with the peripheries of said wheels.l

8. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with a bed, of a pair of heads mounted thereon for independent movement relative thereto toward and from the one another, additional independent means for pivotally securing the heads to the bed whereby the said heads may be independently swung relative to the bed, a carriage pivotally mounted on each head for swinging adjustment relative thereto, a spindle rotatably journaled in each head, a lapping member carried by one of the spindles, a

friction control member carried by the other spindle, means for adjusting the positions of the heads to dispose the peripheries of the lapping and control wheels from one another a distance less than the diameter of the work whereby it may be supported on the peripheries of the wheels, yielding means for yieldingly holding the work in contact with the peripheries of said wheels, and a loading and ejecting mechanism operable for loading the work on the wheels and ejecting same therefrom at the conclusion of the lapping operation.

9. In a lapping machinefor simultaneously lapping a plurality of spaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent a flange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange, comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece, yan opposed control member for each spaced portion of the shaft, the control `member for the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange being utilized for lapping the adjacent face of the flange, and means for rotating the lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively low differential between them.

10. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a plurality. of spaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent a flange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange, comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece, an opposed control member for each spaced portion of the shaft, the control member for the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange being utilized for lapping the adjacent face of the ange, means for rotating the lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively low differential between them, and an additional lapping member for lapping the remaining face of the flange.

,11. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a plurality of spaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent a flange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange, comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece, an opposed control member for each spacedportion of the shaft, the control member for the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange being utilized for lapping the adjacent face of the flange, means for rotating the lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively low differential between them, an additional lapping member for lapping the remaining face of the flange, and means for actuating the additional lapping member toward and from the flange.

12. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a plurality of' spaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent a flange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange, comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece, an opposed control member for each spaced portion of the shaft, the control member for the portion of the shaft adjacent the flange being utilized for lapping the adjacent face of the flange, means for rotating the lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively low differential between them, an additional lapping member for lapping the remaining face of the flange, means for actuating the additional lapping member toward and from the flange, a loading and ejecting mechanism for sequentially positioning the work piece in operative position as respects the lapping and control members and for removing same from the operative position, and means interconnecting the operation of the additional lapping member and the loading and ejecting mechanism to'retract the lapping member prior to the ejection of the work piece and advance same after the positioning thereof.

13. In a' lapping machine forv simultaneously lapping a plurality of spaced portions on a work piece one of which portions is adjacent a flange and for simultaneously lapping the sides of said flange, comprising a lapping member for each spaced portion of the work piece, an opposed control member for each spaced portion of the work piece, the control member for the portion of the work piece adjacent the flange being utilized for lapping the adjacent face of the flange, means for rotating the lapping and control members at speeds having a relatively low differential between them, an additional lapping member for lapping the remaining face of the flange,

means for actuating the additional lapping-member toward and from the flange, a loading andv ejecting mechanism for sequentially positioning the work piece in operative position as respects the lapping and control members and for removing same from the operative position, means interconnecting the operation of the additional lapping member and the loading and ejecting mechanism to retract the lapping member prior to the ejection of the work piece and advance same after the positioning thereof, and hydraulically controlledmeans for effecting the operation of the loading and ejecting mechanism and the shifting of `the additional lapping member.

14. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with opposed lapping and control members spaced from one another a distance to support a work piece on the peripheries thereof, of an hydraulic loading and ejecting mechanism comprising a carrier, a piston operatively connected with the carrier whereby movement in opposite directions effects a corresponding movement of the carrier, a carrier blade associated with the carrier, means on the carrier blade to `prevent inadvertent contact between the work and the wheels, and pressure means for engaging the work when in position between said opposed lapping and control members for yieldably holding the Work in contact therewith.

15. In a lapping machine ofthe class described, the combination of a bed, bearing surfaces on said bed at opposite ends thereof, a lapping head disposed on one of said bearing surfaces, a control head disposed on the lother of said surfaces, the lapping head being formed on its under surface with a guideway, a guide received in said way and having one end pivoted to the bearing surface, means carried by the bed for effecting adjustment of the guide about its pivot, and cooperating means carried by the guide and head for effecting the adjustment of the head relative to the bearing surface .and guide along an axis determined by the angular adjustment of the guide.

16. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of a bed, bearing surfaces on said bed at opposite ends thereof, a lapping head disposed on one of said bearing surfaces, a control head disposed 0n the other of said surfaces, the lapping head being formed on its under surface with a guideway, a guide received in said way and having one end pivoted to the bearing surface, means carried by the bed for effecting adjustment of the guide about its pivot, co-operating means carried by the 'guide and head for effecting the .adjustment of the head relative to and means'associated with said head for securing same in position on the bearing surface after adjustment.

17. In a lapping machine of the class described. the combination of a bed, bearing surfaces on said bed at opposite ends thereof, a'. lapping head disposed on one of said bearing surfaces, a control head disposed on the other of said surfaces, the

lapping head being formed on its under surface with a guideway, a guide received in said way and having one end pivoted to the bearing surface, means carried by the bed for effecting adjustment of the guide about its pivot, co-operating means carried by the guide and head for eilecting the adjustment of the head relative to the bearing surface and guide along an axis determined by the .angular adjustment of the guide, Vmeans associated with said head for securing same in position on the bearing surface after adjustment, a spindle carriage pivotally secured to said head, and means for .adjusting the carriage about its pivotal support.

18. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination with a bed having a bearing surface thereon, of a head mounted on said bearing surface for sliding movement relative thereto, saidhead having a guideway formed on its under surface, a guide pivoted to the bearing and received in the head guideway, means pivotally securing the guide to the head whereby it may be adjusted for disposing the axisof movement of lthe head at angles, a carriage pivotally carried by the head, a spindle rotatably journaled in the carriage, and means for adjusting the carriage relative to the head in a direction axially of the spindle.

19. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of a bed, a pairof heads mounted on said bed, a spindle rotatably journaled in each head, a lapping member on one spindle, a work rotation controlling member on the other spindle, means for .adjusting the position of one 0f said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, and means for adjusting one of said heads in a substantially horizontal plane whereby Vthe axis of one of the spindles may be disposed angularly to the other in said horizontal plane land whereby the said axes of the spindles may be disposed parallel to one another.

20. In a lapping machine of the class described, the combination of a bed, a pair of heads mounted on said bed, a spindle rotatably journaled in each head, a lapping n iember on one spindle, a work rotation controlling member on the other spindle, means for adjusting the .position of one of said heads in a direction toward or away from the other, means for adjusting one of said heads in a substantially horizontal plane whereby the axis of one of the spindles may be disposed angularly. to the other in said `horizontal plane and whereby the said axes of the spindles may be disposed parallel to, one another, and means for ad- -justing one of the heads in a direction to achieveV a skewing of the axes of the spindles relative to one another.

21. In a lapping machine of the class described,

the combination of a bed, a pair of heads mountj ed on vthe bed, a spindle rotatably journaled in each head respectively provided with a lapping member and a work rotation frictional control member, means for adjusting one of lsaid heads toward and away from the other to permit the disposition of the peripheries of the lapping and control members inclose proximity to support a work piece thereon, means for rotating one of said spindles at a given speed, means for rotating the other spindle at variable speeds and means connecting the driving means of said two spindles whereby the variation of the second spindle is upwardly and downwardly with respect to the speed of the rst spindle. a

22. In a lapping machineof the class described for simultaneously lapping a'cylindrical and collared portion of a work piece, the combination of a bed, a pair of opposed lapping and work rotation control members mounted on the bed, said membersr respectively lapping the cylindrical portion of work and controlling the rotation thereof during the said lapping operation, a second lapping member for lapping the Yface of the collar portion of the work simultaneously with the lapping of the cylindrical portion thereof, means for loading and ejecting the work in operative relation with the lapping and control members, and means for shifting the second lapping member into and out of operative relation with the face of the collar.

23. In a lapping machine of the class described for simultaneously lapping a cylindrical and collared portion of a work piece, the combination of a bed, a pair of opposed lapping and work rotation control members mounted on the bed, said,

members respectively lapping the cylindrical portion of work and controlling the rotation thereof during the said lapping operation, a second lapping member for lapping the face of the collar portion of the work simultaneously with the lapping of the cylindrical portion thereof, means' for loading and ejecting the work in operative relation with the lapping and control members, means for shifting the second lapping member into and out of operative relation with the face 'of the collar, .and means for interlocking the loading and ejecting mechanism with the means for shifting the second lapping member whereby they are sequentially operated.

24. In a lapping machine of the class described for simultaneously lapping a cylindrical and collared portion of a work piece, the combination of a bed, a pair of opposed lapping and work rotation control members mounted on the bed, said members respectively lapping the cylin-l drical portion of work and controlling the rotation thereof during the said lapping operation, a

'second lapping member for lapping the face of the collar portion of the work simultaneously with thelapping of thel cylindrical portion thereof, means for loading and ejecting the work in operative relation with the lapping and control members, means for shifting the second lapping member into and out of operative relation with the face of the collar, and means for interlocking theA loading and ejecting mechanism with the means for shifting the second lapping member whereby they are sequentially operated, said mst-mentioned means comprising hydraulically actuated mechanisms associated with said loadin'g and ejecting mechanism and the second lapping member.

25. In a lapping machine of the class described for simultaneously lapping a cylindrical drical portion of work and controlling' the rotation thereof during the 'said lapping operation,

a second lapping member for lappingltheface 75.

after moving it of the collar portion of the work simultaneously with the lapping of the cylindrical portion thereof, means for loading and ejecting the work in operative relation with the lapping and control members, means for shifting the second lapping member into and out of operative relation with the face of the collar, means for interlocking the loading and ejecting mechanism with the means for shifting the second lapping member whereby they are sequentially operated, said first-mentioned means comprising hydraulically actuated mechanisms associated with said loading and ejecting mechanism and the second lapping member, an hydraulical pressure system for actuating the said hydraulically actuated mechanism, and a valve in said pressure system for initiating the reverse operations thereof.

26. In a lapping machine, the combination with opposed lapping and control members spaced from one another by a distance to support a work piece on the adjacent peripheries thereof, of work loading and ejecting mechanism n comprising a work carrier, means mounting the work carrier for movement in up and down direction respectively to move a work piece upwardly out of engagement with said members or downwardly into engagement therewith, means for effecting said up and down movement of said work carrier, means for engaging the work when in position between said opposed lapping and control members for yieldably pressing the work into contact with the peripheries thereof, and means operative upon movement of said carrier in upward direction for removing said workpressing means out of engagement with the work.

27. In a lapping machine, the combination with opposed lapping spaced from one another by a distance to form, by the peripheries of said members, a troughlike work-receiving throat whose narrower portion is of a dimension less than the diameter of the work to be lapped, means for moving work in a direction from the larger portion'toward the narrower portion of said work-receiving throat, thereby to present the work to the opposed peripheries of said members, and therein reverse direction to remove the work from said throat, means for effecting rotation of said members at slightly differential surface speeds and with the adjacent peripheries moving in opposite directions, and means for pressing the work when positioned in said workreceivingr throat and when in engagement with the peripheries of said members in a direction toward the narrower portion of said throat.

28. A lapping nachine as claimed in claim 2'7 in which there is provided means mounting said work-pressing means to cause it lto parta-ke of movement with said work-moving means, and means operating, when said work-moving means moves the work in a direction toward the larger portion of the work-receiving throat, to move said work-pressing means out of engagement with the work and thereby permit removal thereof from said work-moving means.

29. A lapping machine as claimed in claim 27 in which there is provided spring means for yeldably operating upon said work-pressing means to cause the latter yieldingly to press the I work toward the narrower portion of said workreceiving throat, and means operating, when said work-moving means moves the work in a direction toward the larger portion of the workreceiving throat, to overcome the action of said and control members V spring means and to move said work-pressing means out of engagement with the work.

30. A lapping machine as claimed in claim 27 in which the work-pressing means comprises a pivotally mounted arm having rotatably mounted thereon a roller for directly engaging the work, and means forcing said arm to swing in a direction to cause said roller, when the work-moving means has moved the work into said work-receiving throat, to exert pressure on the work in a direction toward the narrower portion of the throat.

31. A lapping machine as claimed in claim 27 in which the work-pressing means comprises a pivotally mounted arm having rotatably mounted thereon a roller for directly engaging the work, means forcing said arm to swing in a direction to cause said roller, when the work-moving means has Ymoved the work into said work-receiving throat, to exert pressure on the work in a direction toward the narrower portion of the throat, and means operating, when said workmoving means moves the work in a direction toward the larger portion of said work-receiving throat, to swing said arm in reverse direction and thereby remove said roller from engagement with the work.

32. In a' lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a cylindrical portion and a flange portion of a work piece, in combination, opposed lapping 30 and control members between the adjacent operative surfaces of which the cylindrical portion of the work piece is engaged, means for rotating said members so as to give said adjacent operative' surfaces surface speeds having a relatively low differential therebetween and to cause them to move in opposite directions relative to the work piece engaged therebetween, whereby the lapping member laps said cylindrical portion of the work piece while said control member effects and controls the rotation of the work piece and hence of the flange portion thereof, a pair of spaced lapping members between which said rotating flange portion extends, and means for driving said pair of lapping members to cause them to effect a lapping operation on the two side facesof said flange portion during the rotation thereof by said control member.

33. In a lapping machine for simultaneously lapping a cylindrical portion and a flange portion of a work piece, in combination, opposed lapping and control members between the adjacent operative surfaces of which thecylindrical portion of the work piece is engaged, at least one of said members having a shaft and means for rotatably supporting said shaft, means for rotating said members so as to give'said adjacent operative surfaces surface speeds having a relatively low differential therebetween and to cause them to move in opposite directions relative to the work piece engaged thereby, whereby the lapping member laps said cylindrical portion of the work piece while said control member-effects and controls the rotation of the work piece and hence of the'ange portion thereof, a lapping member for operating upon a side face of said ange portion as the work piece with the latter is rotated by said control member, means comprising a sleeve-like member for supporting said last-mentioned lapping member, said sleeve-like member being slidably received upon said shaft, means forming a driving connection between said sleeve-like member and said shaft whereby said last-mentioned lapping member may be driven, and means for controlling the position of said sleeve-like member lengthwise o1' said shaft to bring said lastmentioned lapping member into or out of opera.-

.lapping a cylindrical portion tive relation to the side face of said ilange portion of the work piece. 34. In a lapping machine for ping and rotation-control of said cylindrical portion and thereby setting said ange portion into rotation,y and means for moving said second- 25 mentioned lapping member to bring its operative surface into lapping engagement with the side face of said rotating ange portion.

quenti'ally in the order named. f

FREDERICK J. THELER. GEORGE V. JOHNSTON. WILLE'ITS PEASLEE.

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