US2017192A - Electrical network - Google Patents

Electrical network Download PDF

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Publication number
US2017192A
US2017192A US640249A US64024932A US2017192A US 2017192 A US2017192 A US 2017192A US 640249 A US640249 A US 640249A US 64024932 A US64024932 A US 64024932A US 2017192 A US2017192 A US 2017192A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resistance
tube
thyrite
current
potential
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US640249A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolff Irving
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US640249A priority Critical patent/US2017192A/en
Priority to GB30080/33A priority patent/GB414251A/en
Priority to DER89101D priority patent/DE650274C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2017192A publication Critical patent/US2017192A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/02—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with tubes only

Definitions

  • Non-linear distortion in vacuum tube circuits is due, principally, to three causes:
  • an object of my invention to provide an electrical network whereby a thermionic tube may be more efliciently utilized for amplification-or other purposes.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide an v means whereby the range of available swing of a Y tube may be greatly extended so that tubes having smaller plate and filament consumption than have heretofore been used may be made to deliver adequate power.
  • a still further, and more specific, object of my invention is to provide an electrical network that shall enable a thermionic tubek incorporated therein to-give greater undistorted output than heretofore.
  • Thyrite A material .that I have found very satisfactory for the purpose is commercially known as Thyrite, and is described in the McEachron United States Patent No. 1,822,742.
  • Thyrite as described in the patent referred to, 10 is a material somewhat similar to dry process porcelain throughout the mass of which appear A minute particles of conducting material. It is substantially an insulator at low potentials and becomes a continuously better conductor as the 15 current through it is increased, even in some instances in the ratio of 10,000,000 to one. Thyrite can be constructed to have a law connecting resistance and current through it of the following form over substantial current ranges: 20
  • the material is usually utilized in the form of discs, each face of which is provided with a sprayed metallic coating for contact purposes, but 45 the shape is not a'material factor. It should be noted, however, that the resistance of Thyrite varies directly with its thickness, but notinversely with area, as does that of resistor materials, such as carbon, or metals which have heretofore been utilized in coupling networks.
  • Fig. 2 is a curve illustrating the current-potential characteristics oi a preferred material, such as Thyrite, and
  • Figs. 3 to I are views of varlous'thermionic ll tube utilization networks embodying my invention.
  • t Fig. 1 shows a family of plate current plate potential curves for a vacuum tube of the type to which the plate resistance changes, but the N amplification factor remains fairly constant. The usual performance of the tube is determined by drawing the straight line AB giving the relation between plate current and plate potential for a fixed resistance.
  • a new line AD may be drawn such that all points of intersection differ by a constant amount. If a resistance existed such that its E-I curve were of the same shape as that shown by the curve AD, where the current is measured as usual and the voltage is measured from some point of intersection of AD produced with the O current axis, non-linear distortion would be eliminated in the region 55 under consideration. vSuch an E--I curve can be obtained by Thyrite circuits, as will be shown later.
  • Fig. 1 The series of characteristics which have been shown in Fig. 1 are representative of the three 60. element tube. Tubes with more elements show a changing amplification factor aswell as -a change in plate resistance. A series of curves similar to those shown in Fig. 1 may be drawn, however, and the same procedure can be fol- 65 lowed in determining the E-I curve required in the external circuit.
  • Thyrite having the proper constants is utilized for the coupling resistor, the value of the resistance decreases with increase in plate current and decreases during decrease in plate current with reference to its steady or DC value, thus compensating the nonlinearity ⁇ of the tube characteristic.
  • Thyrite is initially biased, as to the potentials indicated by the lines BB or CC, by the application thereto of biasing potential from any convenient source II.
  • Thyrite shows a symmetrical characteristic for both negative and positive currents
  • it may be used in connection with elimination or application of predetermined amounts of direct current to obtain a wide variation in resistance-Voltage characteristics.
  • An in'- stance of this is shown in Figs. 4 and 5, which represent satisfactory networks.
  • the Thyrite marked 1" is used in the normal fashion, with all the plate current flowing through it, the 'I hyrite 75" marked 9 has a large condenser in series with it and is shunted by a resistance which is higher than the values assumed by the Thyrite, or which may have a value given to it which will limit the extent to which the resistance of this circuit can increase.
  • Thyrite 9 When no alternating current is flowing through the vacuum tube, there is a certain-drop across the external circuit and a certain voltage across it. 'I'he resistance voltage curve of Thyrite 'l is determined by the direct current, while that of Thyrite 9 is determined by the alternating current. As a function of the direct current when an alternating current is applied to the input of the tube, the resistance of Thyrite 9 decreases for both an increase or decrease of direct current in the plate circuit.
  • Thyrite 9 a certain amount of direct current might be applied to Thyrite 9 by means of an external supply source Il, or by some shunt connection from the regular plate supply, and additional modifications in the total resistance-potential characteristic could be obtained. It is evident that this type of connection may be used to obtain a wide variety of characteristics.
  • Fig. '1 The arrangement illustrated in Fig. '1 may also be employed, a Thyrite resistor I1 being connected in shunt to the secondary winding. of a coupling transformer I9. If desirable, the Thyrite may be polarized by a source 2l, an additional current limiting resistor 23 being interposed in series therewith, if desired.
  • Resistance coupled circuits have been chosen for illustration because of the simple theory involved. Since, however, the use of a transformer merely reflects the resistance characteristics of the secondary circuit back to the primary side, it is evident that any of the results which have been described for resistance coupled circuits can be obtained by the use of a transformer and Thyrite in the secondary circuit and a proper biasing battery.
  • a thermionic tube utilization network embodying my invention has many' advantages. Much greater undistorted power can be obtained from a thermionic tube than has heretofore been possible and, in fact, by properly choosing the bias potentials applied to my improved coupling resistor and the manner in which one or more resistor elements are connected in the output circuit of the tube, substantially any irregularities in the tube characteristics can be compensated.
  • a thermionic tube utilization network including at least one element which has a hyperbolic resistance-ampere characteristic and means for subjecting said element to a biasing potential
  • a .thermionic tube having non-linear characteristics, an output circuit connected thereto and means having a hyperbolic re- 5 sistance-ampere characteristic included in the output circuit thereof for introducing distortion of sense opposite that caused by the non-linear characteristics of the tube.
  • a thermionic tube having a plurality of electrodes and a network including at least one resistance element connected between two of the electrodes of said tube, the value of said resistance element being proportional to CI- over a substantial range, where C represents a constant which determines the resistance when current is unity and a. is another constant depending upon the physical structure of the resistance element, and the structure of the tube being such that its normally non-linear characteristic, when operated in the said network exclusive of said resistance element, assumes a linear characteristic by virtue of the introduction of said resistance element into said network.
  • An electron tube network comprising at least one resistance element the resistance value of which decreases more and more rapidly with the passage therethrough of given increments of current, an electron tube having a non-,linear relation between potential variations occurring in the output circuit and simultaneous variations occurring in the input circuit, and means including a source of biasing potentials for causing said resistance element to compensate for the non-linear characteristic of said tube.
  • a network including an electron tube and a plurality of resistance elements as defined in claim 4, reactive means inter-connecting said elements in series and means including an ohmic resistor shunting said reactive means and one of said resistance elements for enabling said electron tube tgtifunction as though it had a linear character- 6.
  • a network including an electron tube, and a plurality of resistance elements as defined in claim 4, said elements being connected in series and being supplied with potential for biasing the same in opposite directions.
  • a network including an electron tube, a coupling transformer and, in shunt with the secondary winding of said transformer, a resistance element as defined in claim 4, the elements in combination having individually such values as to cause the network to operate with a linear response characteristic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US640249A 1932-10-29 1932-10-29 Electrical network Expired - Lifetime US2017192A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US640249A US2017192A (en) 1932-10-29 1932-10-29 Electrical network
GB30080/33A GB414251A (en) 1932-10-29 1933-10-30 Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve circuit arrangements
DER89101D DE650274C (de) 1932-10-29 1933-10-31 Schaltungsanordnung zur Linearisierung einer Elektronenroehre mit nichtlinearem Kennlinienfeld

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US640249A US2017192A (en) 1932-10-29 1932-10-29 Electrical network

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2017192A true US2017192A (en) 1935-10-15

Family

ID=24567450

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US640249A Expired - Lifetime US2017192A (en) 1932-10-29 1932-10-29 Electrical network

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2017192A (de)
DE (1) DE650274C (de)
GB (1) GB414251A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428596A (en) * 1942-08-29 1947-10-07 Rca Corp Electronic computer
US2431307A (en) * 1942-07-23 1947-11-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic valve amplifier
US2431306A (en) * 1942-07-09 1947-11-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic amplifier
US2434908A (en) * 1943-01-13 1948-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic amplifier
US2513354A (en) * 1946-08-10 1950-07-04 Fed Telecomm Labs Inc Drift compensated direct-current amplifier
US2548901A (en) * 1947-07-23 1951-04-17 Time Inc Cathode compensated electronic tube circuit
US2586804A (en) * 1945-10-16 1952-02-26 John M Fluke System for measuring electrical quantities
US2833869A (en) * 1950-08-16 1958-05-06 Gen Precision Lab Inc Power law amplifier
US2965854A (en) * 1956-02-20 1960-12-20 Bergson Gustav Electro-meter amplifier

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE745997C (de) * 1937-02-07 1944-12-16 Telefunken Gmbh Transformatorgekoppelter Kaskadenverstaerker
DE1083338B (de) * 1956-11-21 1960-06-15 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Verfahren zur Kompensation der nichtlinearen Verzerrung von UEbertragungssystemen

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431306A (en) * 1942-07-09 1947-11-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic amplifier
US2431307A (en) * 1942-07-23 1947-11-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic valve amplifier
US2428596A (en) * 1942-08-29 1947-10-07 Rca Corp Electronic computer
US2434908A (en) * 1943-01-13 1948-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic amplifier
US2586804A (en) * 1945-10-16 1952-02-26 John M Fluke System for measuring electrical quantities
US2513354A (en) * 1946-08-10 1950-07-04 Fed Telecomm Labs Inc Drift compensated direct-current amplifier
US2548901A (en) * 1947-07-23 1951-04-17 Time Inc Cathode compensated electronic tube circuit
US2833869A (en) * 1950-08-16 1958-05-06 Gen Precision Lab Inc Power law amplifier
US2965854A (en) * 1956-02-20 1960-12-20 Bergson Gustav Electro-meter amplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB414251A (en) 1934-08-02
DE650274C (de) 1937-09-18

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