US20170350366A1 - Tidal current energy generating device - Google Patents

Tidal current energy generating device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170350366A1
US20170350366A1 US15/541,370 US200515541370A US2017350366A1 US 20170350366 A1 US20170350366 A1 US 20170350366A1 US 200515541370 A US200515541370 A US 200515541370A US 2017350366 A1 US2017350366 A1 US 2017350366A1
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Prior art keywords
horizontal
generating device
tidal current
energy generating
bearing
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Abandoned
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US15/541,370
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English (en)
Inventor
Dong Lin
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Zhejiang Zhoushan Lhd Energy Development Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Zhoushan Lhd Energy Development Co Ltd
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Assigned to ZHEJIANG ZHOUSHAN LHD ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. reassignment ZHEJIANG ZHOUSHAN LHD ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LIN, DONG
Publication of US20170350366A1 publication Critical patent/US20170350366A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/1045—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing
    • F16C33/1055—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing from radial inside, e.g. via a passage through the shaft and/or inner sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/10—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01M11/12—Indicating devices; Other safety devices concerning lubricant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
    • F16N7/02—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with gravity feed or drip lubrication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05B2220/32—Application in turbines in water turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/57—Seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/60—Shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/10—Geometry two-dimensional
    • F05B2250/12—Geometry two-dimensional rectangular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/10—Geometry two-dimensional
    • F05B2250/14—Geometry two-dimensional elliptical
    • F05B2250/141—Geometry two-dimensional elliptical circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/98—Lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a generating device and, more particularly, to a tidal current energy generating device.
  • Ocean energy refers to mechanical energy generated by the flowing of sea water.
  • the primary use of the ocean energy is for power generation.
  • the working principle of ocean energy power generation is similar to that of wind power generation. That is, the mechanical energy of the sea water is converted into electric energy by energy conversion devices. Specifically, at first, the sea water impacts hydro turbines, the hydro turbines convert the energy of the water flow into the mechanical energy of rotation, and then the hydro turbines drive power generators to generate power via mechanical drive systems, thereby finally converting the mechanical energy to the electric energy.
  • the tidal current energy utilizes the tidal current in the ocean to generate electricity, and the direction of the tidal current changes along with the flood and ebb tides. More important, the speed of the tidal current is not constant. When a generating device is installed, once a generator is chosen, the load thereof is determined. However, as the speed of the tidal current is not constant, the generating capacity is not constant. In order to save the cost and subject to technology limitations, the existing ocean energy generating device can only carry a power generation load below a certain current speed, no matter the generator is the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator or the vertical-axis hydraulic generator.
  • the conventional ocean energy generating device has to cut off the current completely to stop the generator once the tidal current exceeds a certain speed.
  • Another ocean energy generating device utilizing the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator learns from the design of the wind-driven generator, which adjusts the load of the generating device by varying the pitch.
  • the blade angle of attack is reduced by an adjusting device; when the water flow is relative small, the blade angle of attack increases by the adjusting device.
  • this design has a major drawback. Different from the environment conditions where the wind-driven generator is used, the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator is used in the water, and the resistance to which it is subjected is far greater than the resistance to which the wind-driven generator is subjected.
  • the rotating shaft thereof bears a huge impact force exerted by the water flow in the radial direction.
  • the seal ring between the rotating shaft and a conventional bearing is easily deformed, and the sealing of the bearings cannot be ensured.
  • the existing ocean energy generating device has to abandon rolling bearings with the oil as a lubricant and can choose sliding bearings which use the water as the lubricant.
  • the water that can be used as the lubricant must be pure water.
  • this invention provides a tidal current energy generating device.
  • this invention provides a tidal current energy generating device, including an outer frame, at least two inner frames, at least two mounting shafts, a driving unit, at least four horizontal-axis hydraulic generators, and at least six bearings.
  • the at least two inner frames are separably disposed in the outer frame.
  • the at least two mounting shafts are rotatablely disposed in the two inner frames, respectively, and an axial direction of the at least two mounting shafts is perpendicular to a horizontal plane.
  • the driving unit is connected with the at least two mounting shafts to drive the mounting shafts to rotate. Every two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators are fixed at one mounting shaft and are disposed in the same inner frame.
  • the at least four horizontal-axis hydraulic generators change their directions with the rotating of the driving unit. Every three bearings are sleeved on one mounting shaft, and the three bearings on one mounting shaft are disposed on the two sides and the center of the two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators, respectively.
  • the tidal current energy generating device may further comprise at least four water flow deflectors. Every water flow deflector may be disposed corresponding to every horizontal-axis hydraulic generator, and the at least four water flow deflectors may be fixed at the outer frame or the inner frames. Every water flow deflector may have two water guiding sections and one middle section, and the middle section may be located between the two water guiding sections. A cross section of one side of every water guiding section far away from the middle section may be rectangular, a cross section of one side of every water guiding section connected with the middle section may be circular, and a cross section of the middle section may be circular. The cross sections may be perpendicular to the horizontal plane and may be perpendicular to the water flow direction, and the area of the circular cross section may be smaller than that of the rectangular cross section.
  • the tidal current energy generating device may further comprise an underwater shaft rotating protecting device, wherein the underwater shaft rotating protecting device may comprise a lubricant storage tank, at least six seal rings, and a tube.
  • a lubricant may be stored in the lubricant storage tank, and the lubricant storage tank may be disposed above the water surface. Every two seal rings may correspond to one bearing and are sleeved on the mounting shaft, and a lubricant cavity may be formed between every two seal rings and the corresponding bearing and the mounting shaft.
  • One end of the tube may be communicated with the lubricant storage tank, and the other end may be communicated to the lubricant cavity.
  • the underwater shaft rotating protecting device may further comprise a detection module, and the detection module may be disposed at the lubricant storage tank to detect whether the lubricant is reduced or not.
  • the bearing may be a sliding bearing, and every lubricant cavity may be formed by two seal rings, the bearing, and the mounting shaft.
  • the bearing may be a rolling bearing
  • the underwater shaft rotating protecting device may further comprise at least three bearing houses
  • each lubricant cavity may be formed by two seal rings, the bearing, the bearing houses, and the mounting shaft.
  • the outer frame may have a plurality of fixed piles, and the outer frame may be fixed at the sea bottom through piling.
  • the outer frame may have a plurality of reducing water flow resistance structures.
  • the tidal current energy generating device in the invention can allow the generating device to be modularly assembled and replaced above the water surface by disposing separable inner frames and the outer frame, such that the costs of maintenance and installation can be greatly reduced, thereby overcoming the difficulties that the conventional ocean energy generating device cannot be commercialized and large-scale.
  • the “multipoint restriction” is achieved for the mounting shaft, which makes the scale of the tidal current energy generating device can be extended not only in the horizontal direction (the horizontal direction perpendicular to the water flow) but also in the vertical direction (the depth direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane), such that the power generation efficiency is greatly improved and the problem that the existing ocean energy generating devices cannot “be large” and “be deep” is solved.
  • the load of the generator can be innovatively adjusted by changing the orientation of the entire horizontal-axis hydraulic generator instead of individually changing the direction of the upstream angles of the blades, so that no matter how much the current speed is, the generator can always be guaranteed to be in a safe load and generate electricity, thereby greatly improving the power generation efficiency.
  • the impeller of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator can always be turned towards the water flow regardless of the direction in which the water flows, thereby ensuring the maximum generating power, which is especially suitable for utilizing the tidal energy to generate power.
  • the water flows are all concentrated to the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator, making the impeller of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator subject to a larger force and rotate faster, and thus the power generation efficiency is improved.
  • the water flow deflector provided by the embodiments of the invention is rectangular at the two ends and circle in the middle, and it can always achieve the flow guiding function regardless of the flood tide or the ebb tide. Further, the water flow deflector with a specific structure has a better flow guiding effect.
  • the underwater shaft rotating protecting device provided by the invention can effectively protect the bearings from the outer impurities, especially preventing the sediments in the water from entering into the bearings, so as to effectively protect the normal operation of the bearings.
  • the tidal current energy generating device in the invention extends the service lives of the bearings, the maintenance frequency and maintenance costs are greatly reduced, and the power generating efficiency is ensured not to be affected at the same time.
  • the bearing of the tidal current energy generating device provided by the invention can be a rolling bearing, which overcomes the technical barrier that only sliding bearing with water as the lubricant can be used for an underwater shafting in the prior art.
  • the detection module determines whether the sealing of the bearings is reduced or not.
  • the frame includes separable outer frame and inner frame, the underwater shaft rotating protecting device can be maintained or replaced conveniently and quickly, and the maintenance cost is greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a built-in module of a tidal current energy generating device provided by the first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the circle mark V in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a built-in module of a tidal current energy generating device provided by the second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a tidal current energy generating device provided by the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the tidal current energy generating device provided by the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the circle mark U in FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a water flow deflector provided by the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of the water flow deflector provided by the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a built-in module of a tidal current energy generating device provided by the first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the circle mark V in FIG. 1 .
  • the tidal current energy generating device provided by the embodiment includes an outer frame 1 , at least two inner frames 2 , at least four horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 , at least two mounting shafts 4 , at least six bearings 5 , and a driving unit 6 .
  • FIG. 1 only shows one built-in module 100 of the tidal current energy generating device, and therefore only one inner frame 2 , two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 , one mounting shaft 4 , three bearings 5 and the driving unit 6 are displayed.
  • the tidal current energy generating device of the invention includes at least two built-in modules 100 .
  • At least two inner frames 2 are separably disposed in the outer frame 1 .
  • a hook may be disposed in the inner frame 2 (not shown in the figure)
  • an engaging slot may be disposed in the outer frame 1 (not shown in the figure)
  • the inner frame 2 is embedded into the outer frame 1 by the hook and the engaging slot interlocking together.
  • the mounting mode of the inner frame 2 and the outer frame 1 in the invention is not limited,
  • One inner frame 2 , at least two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 , at least one mounting shaft 4 , and at least three bearings 5 form a built-in module 100 .
  • at least two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 , at least one mounting shaft 4 , and at least three bearings 5 can be disposed in one inner frame 2 at first, and then at least two assembled frame 2 is fixed in the outer frame 1 , thus to achieve the modular installation of the tidal current energy generating device.
  • the built-in module 100 can be installed ashore, and then the built-in module 100 is hanged into the outer frame 1 in the ocean and is fixed to the outer frame 1 , thereby greatly simplifying installing procedures, reducing installing time, and reducing installing difficulties in the ocean.
  • the number of the inner frames 2 is not limited in the invention. In actual application, the number of the inner frames 2 may be as much as twelve. At least two inner frames are separably disposed in the outer frame, which breaks through the drawback that the existing ocean tidal current energy generating device cannot realize a large scale.
  • the generating capacity of a single unit of the largest ocean tidal current energy generating device in the world is 1.2 MW, however, the generating capacity of a single unit of the tidal current energy generating device in this invention is 5 MW, which is much higher than the largest generating capacity of the existing ocean tidal current energy generating device.
  • the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator 3 includes an impeller 31 and a generator 32 (as shown in FIG. 3 ). As the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 , the impeller 31 , and the generator 32 are all under the water, if the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 fails, the conventional ocean current energy generating device needs to be repaired in the sea. Thus, the maintenance is very difficult, and the cost is quite high. However, for the tidal current energy generating device in the invention, the built-in module 100 can be directly taken out of the sea to be maintained or replaced, thereby realizing quick replacement and maintenance of the tidal current generating device 100 above the water surface and greatly reducing the maintenance cost, such that the commercialization of the tidal current generating device 100 can be realized.
  • At least two mounting shafts 4 are rotatablely disposed in the two inner frames 2 , respectively.
  • An axial direction X of the mounting shafts 4 is perpendicular to a horizontal plane P.
  • Every two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 are fixed at one mounting shaft 4 and are disposed in the same inner frame 2 .
  • At least four horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 change their directions with the rotating of the mounting shafts 4 .
  • the driving unit 6 is connected to the mounting shaft 4 and drives the mounting shaft 4 to rotate.
  • the driving unit 6 when the water flow moves towards the tidal current energy generating device along the water flow direction shown in FIG. 4 , the driving unit 6 doesn't work. At that time, the impeller 31 of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 faces the water flow.
  • the driving unit 6 drives the mounting shaft 4 to rotate, and thus drives the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 to rotate 180 degrees, such that the impeller 31 is upturned from facing downward to make sure that the impeller 31 of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 always faces the water flow. This situation is especially suitable for utilizing the tidal current energy to generate power, which ensures the maximum power generating efficiency.
  • the water flow directions of the flood and ebb tides are not exactly parallel, and are not definitely perpendicular to an upstream face of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 .
  • the orientation of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 can be controlled by the mounting shafts 4 of the tidal current energy generating device in the invention, thus to maximize the utilization of the tidal current energy and improve the generated power.
  • the water flow can be utilized to a maximum extent to generate electricity, thereby improving the generated power.
  • the number of the inner frames 2 is equal to that of the mounting shafts 4
  • the number of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 is the double of that of the mounting shafts.
  • this invention is not limited thereto.
  • one built-in module 100 can have a plurality of mounting shafts 4 and each of the mounting shafts 4 can have more than two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 .
  • the number of the driving units 6 corresponds to the number of the mounting shafts 4 and is at least two. However, this invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, a gear or other transmission mechanism can be utilized to achieve the control of two mounting shafts 4 by one driving unit 6 .
  • Each driving unit 6 includes a motor 61 and a transmission mechanism 62 , the transmission mechanism 62 is connected with one end of the mounting shaft 4 (the upper end in FIG. 1 ), the motor 61 rotates drives the mounting shaft 4 to rotate by the transmission mechanism 62 .
  • the transmission mechanism 62 includes a driving gear and a driven gear engaged with the driving gear. The motor 61 drives the driving gear to rotate, thus to drive the driven gear to rotate.
  • a gear hole of the driven gear is close fit to the upper end of the mounting shaft 4 to drive the mounting shaft 4 to rotate.
  • the driving unit may include a motor and a reducer. As the existing motor generally rotates fast, the rotation speed can be greatly reduced by the reducer thus to control the rotation speed and rotation range of the mounting shaft 4 effectively and accurately.
  • Every three bearings 5 are sleeved on one mounting shaft 4 .
  • the two bearings 5 on one mounting shaft 4 are disposed on the two sides of the two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 , respectively, and one bearing 5 is disposed between the two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 .
  • the depth of the tidal current energy generating device 100 in the depth direction D 1 can be greatly expanded, such that the tidal current energy can be utilized more efficiently to generate power.
  • the three bearings 5 share the stress and meanwhile provide the fixing and support for the mounting shaft 4 by at least three points, making the length of the mounting shaft 4 no more limited.
  • the tidal current energy generating device further includes an underwater shaft rotating protecting device 7 , and every underwater shaft rotating protecting device 7 comprises a lubricant storage tank 71 , at least six seal rings 72 , and a tube 73 .
  • the lubricant 74 is stored in the lubricant storage tank 71 , and the lubricant storage tank 71 is disposed above the water surface P.
  • Every two seal rings 72 correspond to one bearing 5 and are sleeved on the mounting shaft 4 , and a lubricant cavity 75 is formed between every two seal rings 72 and the corresponding bearing 5 and the mounting shaft 4 .
  • One end of the tube 73 is communicated with the lubricant storage tank 71 , and the other end is communicated with the lubricant cavity 75 .
  • the number of the tubes 73 and the lubricant storage tanks 71 in each built-in module 100 are both two, and the two tubes 73 are communicated with the two sides of the lubricant cavity 75 and the two lubricant storage tanks 71 , respectively.
  • the speed of filling with the lubricant 74 is improved by increasing the number of the tubes 73 .
  • the tube 73 may be made of stainless steel.
  • the bearing 5 is a sliding bearing, every lubricant cavity 75 is formed by two seal rings 72 , the bearings 5 , and the mounting shaft 4 .
  • upper and lower surfaces of the lubricant cavity 75 are formed by the two seal rings 72 , respectively, the inner surface of the lubricant cavity 75 is the outer surface of the journal portion of the mounting shaft 4 , and the outer surface of the lubricant cavity 75 is the inner surface of the bearing 5 .
  • a cross section of the lubricant cavity 75 is annular, and the longitudinal section is a rectangular annular cylinder.
  • the lubricant 74 is filled in the lubricant cavity 75 to form a lubricant film thus to reduce the friction.
  • the lubricant 74 is pure sea water without impurities such as sediments and so on.
  • the seal ring 72 is subjected to a huge radial force for a long period of time and is easy to be elastically deformed, which leads to no further sealing between the seal ring 72 and the mounting shaft 4 . That is, a gap is formed between the seal ring 72 and the mounting shaft 4 . Since the lubricant 74 is originally located in the lubricant cavity 75 , when a gap exists in the lubricant cavity 75 , the lubricant 74 may run off, meanwhile, the water outside will carry the impurities such as sediments to flow in from the gap.
  • the lubricant storage tank 71 Since the lubricant storage tank 71 is located above the water surface P, while the connection section of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator 3 and the mounting shaft 4 is under the water surface P, there is a height difference between them. According to the fluid pressure formula, the pressure is in direct proportion to the depth (the height between the pressure measuring point and the liquid level). Since the lubricant 74 located within the lubricant cavity 75 is conveyed by the tube 73 communicated with the lubricant storage tank 71 , in the case that the density is the same, the pressure where the lubricant cavity 75 is communicated with the tube 73 is definitely larger than the outer pressure at the same depth.
  • the inner pressure on the sealing point of the seal ring 72 must be larger than the outer pressure on the sealing point of the seal ring 72 . Therefore, the lubricant cavity 75 is always in a state of “micro-positive pressure”.
  • the lubricant 74 will also continually flow from the lubricant storage tank 71 into the lubricant cavity 75 due to the pressure difference action, and then flows from the gap to the outside of the seal ring 72 , and the outer water with sediments won't flow into the lubricant cavity 75 from the gap, so that the protection for the mounting shaft 4 can be truly achieved.
  • the tube 73 further includes a joint, and multichannel configuration can be achieved by the joints, such that the lubricant cavity 75 in the three bearings 5 can share a master route of one tube 73 to communicate the common lubricant storage tank 71 .
  • this invention is not limited thereto.
  • the underwater shaft rotating protecting device 7 for tidal current energy generating further includes a detection module 76 , which is disposed at the lubricant storage tank 71 to detect whether the lubricant is reduced or not.
  • the detection module 76 may be an infrared sensor, detecting whether the height of the lubricant 74 in the lubricant storage tank 71 is reduced or not to judge whether the lubricant 74 is reduced.
  • the detection module 76 may also be a gravity sensor, detecting whether the weight of the lubricant 74 in the lubricant storage tank 71 is reduced or not to judge whether the amount of the lubricant 74 changes.
  • the reduction of the lubricant 74 represents a decrease in the sealing performance of the bearing 5 , thereby reminding the maintenance personnel that the seal ring 72 has been aged or deformed and needs to be repaired or replaced.
  • the detection module 76 the maintenance personnel can know the states of the shafting intuitively and timely, especially the working state of the seal ring 72 , and maintain the tidal current energy generating device in time.
  • the underwater shaft rotating protecting device 7 may further include an alarm module (not shown in the figure), and the alarm module is connected to the detection module 76 .
  • the detection module 76 detects that the lubricant 74 decreases, the alarm module raises the alarm.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a built-in module of the tidal current energy generating device provided by the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the outer frame 1 , the inner frames 2 , the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator 3 , the mounting shaft 4 , the bearing 5 , and the driving unit 6 are all the same as those described in the first embodiment, and the same elements are referenced with the same numbers, which are not described herein for a concise purpose. Only the differences are described hereinafter.
  • four horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 are fixed at one mounting shaft 4 .
  • Two of the three bearings 5 are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator 3 on the mounting shaft 4 , and the other one is disposed between every two horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 .
  • a multipoint restriction and support for the mounting shaft 4 can still be achieved by such setting.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a tidal current energy generating device provided by the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the tidal current energy generating device provided by the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the circle mark U in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the water flow deflector provided by the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of the water flow deflector provided by the third embodiment of the invention. Please refer to FIG. 4 to FIG. 8 together.
  • An outer frame 1 ′ can be made by welding steel material.
  • the outer frame 1 ′ includes an outer sleeve 11 and a fixed pile 12 .
  • the fixed pipe 12 is formed by pouring of concrete in the outer sleeve 11 .
  • the outer frame 1 ′ is fixed at the sea bottom F through piling.
  • the outer frame 1 ′ further comprises a plurality of reducing water flow resistance structures 13 .
  • the multiple reducing water flow resistance structures 13 are disposed on the upstream side of the multiple outer sleeves 11 .
  • the stressed area subjected to the water impact of the outer sleeves 11 (the fixed pipes 12 are formed herein later) is greatly reduced, and the stability of the fixed pipes 12 formed later is greatly increased.
  • the reducing water flow resistance structures 13 are disposed on the very top and the bottom of the outer frame 1 ′.
  • the multiple reducing water flow resistance structures 13 and the body of the outer frame 1 ′ are integrally formed.
  • the cross section of the reducing water flow resistance structures 13 is triangle.
  • the detailed shape and the construction of the reducing water flow resistance structures 13 are not limited in the invention. In other embodiments, the reducing water flow resistance structures can be made streamlined.
  • a tidal current energy generating device 200 includes six built-in modules, every built-in module has one inner frame 2 , two corresponding horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 , and three bearings 5 ′.
  • this invention is not limited thereto.
  • the number of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generators 3 in both the horizontal direction (the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 4 , namely the horizontal direction perpendicular to the water flow direction) and the vertical direction (the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 4 , namely the depth direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane) can be increased according to the power generation demand of the tidal current energy generating device, so that the large scale of the tidal current energy generating device 200 can be realized
  • the bearing 5 ′ includes an inner ring 51 ′, an outer ring 52 ′, and a rolling element 53 ′.
  • the inner ring 51 ′ is matched with the mounting shaft 4 and rotates with the mounting shaft 4
  • the outer ring 52 ′ is matched with a bearing house 76 ′ as the support.
  • the bearing 5 ′ changes the sliding fraction between the mounting shaft and the bearing inside the sliding bearing into the rolling friction of the rolling elements 53 ′ between the inner ring 51 ′ and the outer ring 52 ′.
  • an underwater shaft rotating protecting device 7 ′ further comprises three bearing houses 76 ′, a lubricant cavity 75 ′ formed by two seal rings 72 ′, the bearing 5 ′, the bearing house 76 ′ and the mounting shaft 4 , and the rolling elements 53 ′ of the bearing 5 ′ are located inside the lubricant cavity 75 ′.
  • the bearing house 76 ′ in the embodiment further includes two end caps 761 ′.
  • the end cap 761 ′ cannot only have an axial positioning function for the bearing 5 ′, but also have the functions of preventing impurities and sealing with the seal ring 72 ′.
  • a seal cavity is formed by the two end caps 761 ′ up and down, the seal rings 72 ′, the mounting shaft 4 , and the bearing house 76 ′, and the bearing 5 ′ is located inside the cavity.
  • the lubricant is lubricating oil.
  • a tube 73 ′ is communicated with the upper end cap 761 ′, and the other tube 73 ′ is communicated with the lower end cap 761 ′.
  • the density of the lubricating oil is slightly less than that of the water, and the pressure is proportional to the density and the depth, as the height difference between the lubricant storage tank 71 ′ above the water surface and the underwater lubricant cavity 75 ′ is relatively large, after calculation, in general, the lubricant cavity 75 ′ is still in a state of “micro-positive pressure”.
  • the lubricant will also continually flow from the lubricant storage tank 71 ′ into the lubricant cavity 75 ′ due to the pressure difference action, and then flows from the gap to the outside of the seal ring 72 ′, and the outer water with sediments cannot flow into the lubricant cavity 75 ′ from the gap, so that the protection for the mounting shaft 4 can be truly achieved.
  • the tidal current energy generating device 200 further includes at least four water flow deflectors 8 , and every water flow deflector 8 is disposed corresponding to every horizontal-axis hydraulic generator 3 .
  • Every water flow deflector 8 has two water guiding sections 81 and one middle section 82 .
  • the middle section 82 is located between the two water guiding sections 81 .
  • a cross section 811 of one side of every water guiding section 81 far away from the middle section 82 is rectangular.
  • a cross section 812 of one side of every water guiding section 81 connected with the middle section 82 is circular.
  • a cross section 821 of the middle section 82 is circular.
  • the cross sections 811 , 812 , and 821 are perpendicular to the horizontal plane and are perpendicular to a water flow direction D 2 , and the area of the circular cross sections 812 and 821 is smaller than that of the rectangular cross section.
  • the middle section 82 is a cylindrical tube, and one end of every water guiding section 81 is rectangular and is transited into the circular three-dimensional structure in the other end.
  • the area of the circular cross section 812 of the water guiding section 81 is approximately equal to that of the circular cross section 821 of the middle section 82 .
  • the area of the circular cross section 812 of the water guiding section 81 is smaller than that of the rectangular cross section 811 .
  • the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator 3 is just located inside the cylindrical middle section 82 .
  • the existing tidal current generating device utilizes a water flow deflector of which all the cross sections are circular on the upstream side. Since the existing frames are all rectangular, a gap will exist between the circle and the rectangle during the installation. If there is nothing blocking the gap, when the tidal current impacts the hydro turbine, a considerable part of the current will flow into the hydro turbine from the gap, and even impact the back of the impeller blades, which greatly reduces the generated power. If the gap is blocked by a panel, the current will flow directly into the panel, generating a huge stress, which easily damages the structure of the entire frame. Especially, after blocking with the panel, the current direction will change or even the current flows everywhere, which notably reduces the utilization ratio of the tidal current energy, thereby reducing the generated power.
  • both sides of the water flow deflector 8 are rectangular rather than being rectangular at one end. In this way, the water flow deflector 8 can achieve the flow guiding function regardless of the flood tide or the ebb tide.
  • the water flow deflectors 8 can be fixed to the outer frame 1 ′ or the inner frames 2 . In the embodiment, the water flow deflectors 8 are all fixed to the inner frames 2 . However, the invention is not limited thereto. In actual application, the water flow deflectors 8 can be installed separably, wherein the middle section 82 thereof can be fixed to the inner frame 2 , and the two water guiding sections 81 can be fixed to the outer frame 1 ′. In the actual installation, the middle section 82 can be fixed above the water surface while assembling the built-in module, the water guiding sections 81 can be directly fixed to the outer frame 1 ′, and then when the built-in module is hung into the outer frame 1 ′, the assembly of the water flow deflector 8 is completed.
  • the tidal current energy generating device in the invention can allow the generating device to be modularly assembled and replaced above the water surface by disposing separable inner frames and the outer frame, such that the costs of maintenance and installation can be greatly reduced, thereby overcoming the difficulties that the conventional ocean energy generating device cannot be commercialized and large-scale.
  • the “multipoint restriction” is achieved for the mounting shaft, which makes the scale of the tidal current energy generating device can be extended not only in the horizontal direction (the horizontal direction perpendicular to the water flow) but also in the vertical direction (the depth direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane), such that the power generation efficiency is greatly improved and the problem that the existing ocean energy generating devices cannot “be large” and “be deep” is solved.
  • the load of the generator can be innovatively adjusted by changing the orientation of the entire horizontal-axis hydraulic generator instead of individually changing the direction of the upstream angles of the blades, so that no matter how much the current speed is, the generator can always be guaranteed to be in a safe load and generate electricity, thereby greatly improving the power generation efficiency.
  • the impeller of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator can always be turned towards the water flow regardless of the direction in which the water flows, thereby ensuring the maximum generating power, which is especially suitable for utilizing the tidal energy to generate power.
  • the underwater shaft rotating protecting device provided by the invention can effectively protect the bearings from the outer impurities, especially preventing the sediments in the water from entering into the bearings, so as to effectively protect the normal operation of the bearings.
  • the tidal current energy generating device in the invention extends the service lives of the bearings, the maintenance frequency and maintenance costs are greatly reduced, and the power generating efficiency is ensured not to be affected at the same time.
  • the bearing of the tidal current energy generating device provided by the invention can be a rolling bearing, which overcomes the technical barrier that only sliding bearing with water as the lubricant can be used for an underwater shafting in the prior art.
  • the detection module determines whether the sealing of the bearings is reduced or not.
  • the frame includes separable outer frame and inner frame, the underwater shaft rotating protecting device can be maintained or replaced conveniently and quickly, and the maintenance cost is greatly reduced.
  • the water flows are all concentrated to the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator, making the impeller of the horizontal-axis hydraulic generator subject to a larger force and rotate faster, and thus the power generation efficiency is improved.
  • the water flow deflector provided by the embodiments of the invention is rectangular at the two ends and circle in the middle, and it can always achieve the flow guiding function regardless of the flood tide or the ebb tide. Further, the water flow deflector with a specific structure has a better flow guiding effect.

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EP3193007A4 (fr) 2017-11-15
US10371205B2 (en) 2019-08-06
EP3193008A1 (fr) 2017-07-19
WO2016000610A1 (fr) 2016-01-07
US20180023625A1 (en) 2018-01-25
CN105298733A (zh) 2016-02-03
CA2973250C (fr) 2021-02-16
CA2973250A1 (fr) 2016-01-07
WO2016000609A1 (fr) 2016-01-07
CN206054171U (zh) 2017-03-29
WO2017000555A1 (fr) 2017-01-05
CN105484935A (zh) 2016-04-13
EP3193007A1 (fr) 2017-07-19
EP3193008A4 (fr) 2017-11-22
CA2973271A1 (fr) 2016-01-07

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