US20170314437A1 - Exhaust system - Google Patents

Exhaust system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170314437A1
US20170314437A1 US15/263,759 US201615263759A US2017314437A1 US 20170314437 A1 US20170314437 A1 US 20170314437A1 US 201615263759 A US201615263759 A US 201615263759A US 2017314437 A1 US2017314437 A1 US 2017314437A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
particulate matter
selective catalytic
exhaust gas
catalytic reduction
nitrogen oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US15/263,759
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English (en)
Inventor
Sungmu Choi
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Publication date
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Assigned to HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY reassignment HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHOI, SUNGMU
Publication of US20170314437A1 publication Critical patent/US20170314437A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F01N3/2821—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates the support being provided with means to enhance the mixing process inside the converter, e.g. sheets, plates or foils with protrusions or projections to create turbulence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/02—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an exhaust system. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an exhaust system in which a urea injection is possible at a high temperature, a performance of a selective catalytic reduction is improved and a self-diagnosis of an exhaust gas is eased.
  • an exhaust system of an engine may include an exhaust gas post-treatment device such as a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) device, a diesel particulate matter filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device, and a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst (Lean NOx Trap, LNT catalytic) device, etc.
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • DPF diesel particulate matter filter
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • a conventional exhaust system may include an engine 10 , a diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 , an urea injector 30 , a mixer 40 , a composite catalyst unit 55 (SDPF) and a selective catalytic reduction device 70 .
  • the conventional exhaust system may include a composite catalyst unit 55 at the rear of the mixer 40 , and the composite catalyst unit 55 may have a shape such that the selective catalytic reduction coated to a high pore diesel particulate matter filter may be exposed to a high temperature when regenerating the composite catalyst unit 55 for a soot combustion.
  • a maximum soot trapped amount must be controlled to be a predetermined amount or less before the regenerating soot combustion. That is, to prevent the degradation, a soot mass limit (SML) must decrease such that a regeneration period of the composite catalyst unit 55 is shorted, and the fuel consumption is deteriorated.
  • SML soot mass limit
  • the composite catalyst unit 55 as the high pore diesel particulate matter filter (a pore rate of 50% or more) has a low heat resistance and many pore, such that the trapping efficiency is lower compared with the conventional diesel particulate matter filter, thereby being a disadvantage regarding the soot trapping.
  • a low pressure exhaust gas regeneration device, and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 may be sequentially disposed, the partial flow may be again supplied to the combustion chamber by the low pressure exhaust gas regeneration (LP-EGR) pipe 60 such that it is a disadvantage regarding the exhaust gas self-diagnosis (On-Board Diagnotics; OBD).
  • LP-EGR low pressure exhaust gas regeneration
  • a predetermined distance is required between the urea injector 30 , the mixer 40 , and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 at the vehicle lower part thereof, or uf. That is, a space for thermal decomposition, hydrolysis, and a mixing of the urea is required. If the urea injector and the mixer are all disposed at the vehicle lower part thereof, or uf, the space may be limited to ensure the volume of the selective catalytic reduction device 70 .
  • An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides an exhaust system in which the diesel oxidation catalyst device, the urea injector, mixer, and the diesel particulate matter filter are positioned at the engine compartment, the catalyst without, or devoid of, a noble metal or a hydrolysis catalyst is coated to the diesel particulate matter filter, and the selective catalytic reduction device is only mounted at the vehicle lower part is provided.
  • An exhaust system may include a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) device mounted to an exhaust pipe formed to exhaust an exhaust gas of an engine for purifying hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) among the exhaust gas; an urea injector positioned at a rear of the diesel oxidation catalyst device for injecting an urea aqueous solution to an inside of the exhaust pipe; a mixer positioned at the rear of the urea injector and provided to enable a rapid flow diffusion of the exhaust gas passing through the diesel oxidation catalyst device; a diesel particulate matter filter (DPF) positioned at the rear of the mixer and coated with a catalyst devoid of a noble metal or a hydrolysis catalyst that does not oxidize ammonia and hydrolyzes the injected urea to reduce a particulate material of the exhaust gas; and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device positioned at the rear of the diesel particulate matter filter for reducing the nitrogen oxide of the exhaust gas passing through the diesel particulate matter filter
  • DOC diesel oxidation
  • a low pressure exhaust gas regeneration (LP-EGR) device pipe may be connected between the diesel particulate matter filter and the selective catalytic reduction device.
  • the exhaust system may further include an ammonia oxidation catalyst (AOC) device positioned at the rear of the selective catalytic reduction device for oxidizing ammonia (NH 3 ) of the exhaust gas passing through the selective catalytic reduction device and reducing the nitrogen oxide.
  • AOC ammonia oxidation catalyst
  • a nitrogen oxide sensor may be provided at the front and the rear of the selective catalytic reduction device.
  • a nitrogen oxide sensor may be provided between the diesel oxidation catalyst device and the urea injector and between the diesel particulate matter filter and the selective catalytic reduction device.
  • the diesel oxidation catalyst device, the urea injector, the mixer, and the diesel particulate matter filter may be positioned at an engine compartment CC of the vehicle, and the selective catalytic reduction device may be positioned at a vehicle lower part uf.
  • the exhaust system may further include an injection chamber as a part of the exhaust pipe connecting the diesel oxidation catalyst device and the diesel particulate matter filter and forming a space where the reduction agent is injected by the urea injector.
  • An exhaust system may include a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst (lean NOx trap; LNT) device for absorbing and storing a nitrogen oxide generated by a lean combustion of an engine and for reducing the nitrogen oxide into nitrogen by a reduction action to be exhausted; an urea injector positioned at a rear of the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device for injecting an urea aqueous solution inside the exhaust pipe; a mixer positioned at the rear of the urea injector and provided to enable a rapid flow diffusion of the exhaust gas passing through the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device; a diesel particulate matter filter (DPF) positioned at the rear of the mixer and coated with a catalyst devoid of a noble metal or a hydrolysis catalyst that does not oxidize ammonia and hydrolyzes the injected urea to reduce a particulate material of the exhaust gas; and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device positioned at the rear of the diesel particulate matter filter for reducing the nitrogen oxide of the exhaust gas passing through the diesel
  • a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst le
  • a low pressure exhaust gas regeneration device pipe may be connected between the diesel particulate matter filter and the selective catalytic reduction device.
  • the exhaust system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may further include an ammonia oxidation catalyst device positioned at the rear of the selective catalytic reduction device for oxidizing ammonia of the exhaust gas passing through the selective catalytic reduction device, and reducing the nitrogen oxide.
  • a nitrogen oxide sensor may be provided at the front and the rear of the selective catalytic reduction device.
  • a nitrogen oxide sensor may be provided between the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device and the urea injector and between the diesel particulate matter filter and the selective catalytic reduction device.
  • the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device, the urea injector, the mixer, and the diesel particulate matter filter may be positioned at an engine compartment of the vehicle, and the selective catalytic reduction device may be positioned at a vehicle lower part.
  • the exhaust system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure further includes an injection chamber as a part of the exhaust pipe connecting the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device and the diesel particulate matter filter and forming a space where the reduction agent is injected by the urea injector.
  • the urea injector and the mixer at the engine compartment, the urea injection is possible at the high temperature and the uniform mixing of the exhaust gas is possible.
  • the general diesel particulate matter filter without the selective catalytic reduction is provided and the diesel particulate matter filter is not coated with the noble metal such that the oxidation of ammonia is prevented.
  • ammonia is supplied until the selective catalytic reduction device of vehicle lower part by injecting the urea at the engine compartment such that the flow uniformity of ammonia is high by the mixing of the exhaust gas and the selective catalytic reduction device of larger volume may be ensured at the vehicle lower part.
  • the selective catalytic reduction device or the selective catalytic reduction device, and the ammonia oxidation catalyst device are provided at the vehicle lower part, and the nitrogen oxide sensor is mounted at the front and the rear of the catalyst device such that the urea injection control and the exhaust gas self-diagnosis are possible.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exhaust system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an exhaust system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing a result measuring an exhaust temperature depending on time for each position of a vehicle.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional exhaust system.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another conventional exhaust system.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure shows an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in detail. As a result, various modifications of the drawings can be expected. Therefore, the exemplary embodiment is not limited to a specific aspect of the illustrated region, and for example, includes modifications of an aspect by manufacturing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an exhaust gas purification device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the exhaust system may be connected with an engine 10 to purify the exhaust gas of the engine 10 and include a diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 , a urea injector 30 , a mixer 40 , a diesel particulate matter filter 50 and a selective catalytic reduction device 70 .
  • the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 may be mounted to an exhaust pipe 5 formed to exhaust the exhaust gas of the engine 10 . That is, the front of the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 may be connected with the engine 10 to receive the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine 10 .
  • the front and the rear of the constituent element are based on the flow of the exhaust gas and it is defined that the exhaust gas flows from the front to the rear of the constituent elements.
  • the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 is a device where a carrier is provided inside a predetermined case and the diesel oxidation catalyst is coated to the carrier.
  • the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 oxidizes hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas through the diesel oxidation catalyst.
  • the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be formed the catalyst carrier to trap the particulate material included in the exhaust gas and the particulate material is purified through a chemical conversion process. That is, the diesel particulate matter filter 50 is a device for physically trapping the particulate material among the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 10 by using the filter and increasing the exhaust gas temperature of the particulate material above an ignition temperature of 550 degrees after driving by a predetermined distance to combust the particulate material, thereby reducing a pollution material.
  • a pressure sensor or a temperature sensor may be provided at the front and the rear of the diesel particulate matter filter 50 , and the sensors may sense the pressure and the temperature after and before the exhaust gas passes through the diesel particulate matter filter 50 .
  • An electronic control unit (ECU) may thereby control the engine 10 and related devices to remove the particulate material.
  • the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be coated with the catalyst without a noble metal (platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh)). Since the noble metal is not coated thereon, ammonia of the exhaust gas inflowing to the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be prevented from being oxidized. Also, the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be coated with the hydrolysis catalyst for hydrolyzing the urea injected from the urea injector 30 . The hydrolysis catalyst does not oxidize nitrogen, but hydrolyzes the sprayed urea.
  • the selective catalytic reduction may be coated to the high pore diesel particulate matter filter, and thereby the selective catalytic reduction may be degraded by a high temperature when exposed to the high temperature. Accordingly, the regeneration period of the composite catalyst unit is shortened and the deterioration of the fuel consumption may be caused, in the present exemplary embodiment, instead of the composite catalyst unit, the catalyst without the noble metal is coated or the filter coated with the hydrolysis catalyst for removing the particulate material is used, thereby enhancing the regeneration period and the fuel consumption.
  • the selective catalytic reduction includes the composite catalyst unit 55 coated to the high pore diesel particulate matter filter
  • the partial flow of the exhaust gas is again supplied to the combustion chamber through the low pressure exhaust gas regeneration device pipe 60 , and the flow amount exited into the low pressure exhaust gas regeneration device may be confirmed such that the exhaust gas self-diagnosis is difficult.
  • the composite catalyst unit instead of the composite catalyst unit, the diesel particulate matter filter coated with the catalyst without the noble metal or coated with the hydrolysis catalyst is provided. Accordingly, the flow of the exhaust gas may be confirmed by the nitrogen oxide sensor of the front and rear of the selective catalytic reduction device such that the exhaust gas self-diagnosis is possible.
  • the selective catalytic reduction device 70 may be provided at the rear of the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 .
  • the selective catalytic reduction device 70 may function by converting the reduction agent (the urea) into ammonia by the heat of the exhaust gas and reducing the nitrogen oxide into a nitrogen gas and a water as the catalyst reaction of the nitrogen oxide and the ammonia among the exhaust gas by the selective catalytic reduction.
  • the nitrogen oxide sensors 72 and 74 may be provided at the front and rear of the selective catalytic reduction device 70 , thereby measuring the nitrogen oxide amount after and before the exhaust gas passes through the selective catalytic reduction device 70 .
  • the urea injector 30 may be positioned at the rear of the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 and injects the urea aqueous solution to the inside of the exhaust pipe 5 .
  • the urea injector 30 may inject the urea and may directly inject ammonia. Also, other reduction agents besides ammonia may be injected along with ammonia.
  • the mixer 40 may be positioned at the rear of the urea injector 30 to enable the rapid flow diffusion of the exhaust gas passing through the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 .
  • the low pressure exhaust gas regeneration device pipe 60 may be connected between the diesel particulate matter filter 50 and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 such that the exhaust gas passing through the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be recycled to the engine 10 through the exhaust gas regeneration device.
  • the exhaust gas regeneration device recycles the part of the exhaust gas exhausted after the combustion of the fuel in the engine 10 to an intake device of the engine 10 to be again inflowed to the combustion chamber of the engine 10 .
  • an air-fuel mixture decreases in density without a change in the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture, thus lowering the combustion temperature.
  • the exhaust gas regeneration device supplies the part of the exhaust gas to the intake system of the engine 10 to inflow it to the combustion chamber when it is necessary to reduce the exhaust amount of the nitrogen oxide depending on the driving state of the engine 10 .
  • exhaust gases which are insert gases whose volume does not change, contribute to decrease the density of the mixture to a lower level, and therefore decrease the flame propagation velocity during fuel combustion. This suppresses an increase in combustion temperature and slows the fuel combustion, thereby suppressing the generation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 , the urea injector 30 , the mixer 40 and the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be provided at the engine compartment CC of the vehicle, and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 may be provided at the vehicle lower part uf.
  • the urea injector 30 and the mixer 40 at the engine compartment CC, the urea injection is possible at the high temperature and the uniform mixing of the exhaust gas is possible. Also, since the urea is injected from the engine compartment CC and ammonia is supplied till the selective catalytic reduction device 70 of the vehicle lower part uf, the flow uniformity of ammonia is high by the mixing of the exhaust gas, and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 of the further larger volume may be ensured at the vehicle lower part uf.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing an exhaust system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device (LNT) 20 may be included instead of the diesel oxidation catalyst device.
  • the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device 20 may absorb and store the nitrogen oxide generated by a lean combustion of the engine 10 and reduce the nitrogen oxide into nitrogen by the reduction action to be exhausted, and the urea injector 30 injecting the urea aqueous solution inside the exhaust pipe 5 is provided at the rear of the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device 20 .
  • the mixer 40 to enable the rapid flow diffusion of the exhaust gas passing through the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device 20 may be provided at the rear of the urea injector 30 , and the diesel particulate matter filter 50 for reducing the particulate material of the exhaust gas and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 for reducing the nitrogen oxide of the exhaust gas passing through the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be disposed at the rear of the mixer 40 .
  • the diesel particulate matter filter 50 in the present exemplary embodiment may be also coated with a catalyst without a noble metal or may be coated with a hydrolysis catalyst for hydrolyzing the urea.
  • the urea injector 30 , the mixer 40 , and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 provided in the exhaust system according to the present exemplary embodiment may be the same as that of the above-described exemplary embodiment, such that a repeated description will be omitted.
  • nitrogen oxide sensors 72 and 74 may be provided between the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device 20 and the urea injector 30 and between the diesel particulate matter filter 50 and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 .
  • the nitrogen oxide amount may be measured before and after the exhaust gas passes through the mixer 40 and the diesel particulate matter filter 50 .
  • An injection chamber 35 connecting the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device 20 and the diesel particulate matter filter 50 and forming the space where the reduction agent is injected by the urea injector 30 may be further included as a part of the exhaust pipe 5 .
  • the reduction agent injected inside the injection chamber 35 may be uniformly mixed by the mixer 40 provided in the injection chamber 35 , and the exhaust gas and the reduction agent rapidly flow into, and are diffused into, the diesel particulate matter filter 50 connected to the rear of the injection chamber 35 .
  • the injection chamber may be also provided to be connected to the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 and the diesel particulate matter filter 50 , and the reduction agent injected in the injection chamber 35 may be uniformly mixed by the mixer 40 provided in the injection chamber 35 .
  • the low pressure exhaust gas regeneration device pipe 60 may be disposed and connected. Thereby, the exhaust gas passing through the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be recycled to the engine 10 through the exhaust gas regeneration device.
  • An ammonia oxidation catalyst (AOC) device 80 for oxidizing ammonia of the exhaust gas passing through the selective catalytic reduction device 70 and reducing the nitrogen oxide may be further included at the rear of the selective catalytic reduction device 70 .
  • the ammonia oxidation catalyst device 80 may function by preventing ammonia from being directly emitted into the atmosphere. This is to prevent air pollution by an ammonia slip phenomenon, where the reduction agent does not participate in the reaction and is directly exhausted into the atmosphere when the reduction agent is excessively injected to ensure the high selective catalytic reduction efficiency.
  • the ammonia oxidation catalyst may be a copper-contained zeolite impregnated with the noble metal, or an iron-contained zeolite impregnated with the noble metal, or a copper impregnated with the noble metal or a silicon containing alumina catalyst composition.
  • the nitrogen oxide storage catalyst device 20 , the urea injector 30 , the mixer 40 , and the diesel particulate matter filter 50 may be provided at the engine compartment CC of the vehicle, and the selective catalytic reduction device 70 may be provided at the vehicle lower part uf.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing a result measuring an exhaust temperature depending on time for each position of a vehicle.
  • an exhaust temperature for the urea injection must reach 180 degrees or more at a minimum.
  • the engine compartment CC in which the diesel oxidation catalyst device 20 and the diesel particulate matter filter 50 are positioned, reaches the exhaust temperature of 180 degrees or more after about 150 seconds or more such that the rapid urea injection is possible.
  • the exhaust temperature reaches to 180 degrees after about 800 seconds. Accordingly, to perform the urea injection in the vehicle lower part uf, the time of about 800 seconds or more is required. Accordingly, it is an advantage that the urea injection is performed in the engine compartment that reaches the high temperature earlier.
  • the urea injector and the mixer in the engine compartment, the urea injection is possible at the high temperature and the uniform mixing of the exhaust gas is possible.
  • the general diesel particulate matter filter without the selective catalytic reduction is provided and the noble metal is not coated to the diesel particulate matter filter, thereby ammonia is prevented from being oxidized.
  • ammonia is supplied to the selective catalytic reduction device of the vehicle lower part by injecting the urea in the engine compartment, the flow uniformity of ammonia is high by the mixing of the exhaust gas, and the selective catalytic reduction device of the larger volume may be ensured in the vehicle lower part.
  • the selective catalytic reduction device or the selective catalytic reduction device, and the ammonia oxidation catalyst device are provided in the vehicle lower part, and the nitrogen oxide sensor is mounted at the front and rear of the catalyst device such that the urea injection control and the exhaust gas self-diagnosis are possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
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CN112459885A (zh) * 2020-12-25 2021-03-09 郑州日产汽车有限公司 汽车柴油机后处理累积碳颗粒系统
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CN108999683A (zh) * 2018-07-17 2018-12-14 山东艾泰克环保科技股份有限公司 一种发动机后处理封装装置
CN112459885A (zh) * 2020-12-25 2021-03-09 郑州日产汽车有限公司 汽车柴油机后处理累积碳颗粒系统
CN113339114A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-09-03 一汽解放汽车有限公司 再生保护系统及车辆
CN113756922A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2021-12-07 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 一种国六排放的柴油发动机测试台架尾气处理控制装置
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WO2024219826A1 (ko) * 2023-04-17 2024-10-24 에이치디한국조선해양 주식회사 암모니아 처리 시스템 및 이를 포함하는 선박

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