Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
  • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
  • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
  • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of continuous production of liquid and gaseous fuels from the part of organic substances in the waste, in particular in the industrial, agricultural and municipal waste, including their mixtures.
• Biotechnologies involving the use of microorganisms for the production of methane or alcohol
• Biotechnologies use the nutrients contained in the built substance, which are the polymers of sugars—in particular D-glucose.
• These polysaccharides are split by enzyme or chemical way to simple sugars and then subjected to fermentation.
• this category can be supplemented also by the production of ethanol from grain, which was in the past the method used practically only for obtaining of food alcohol.
• the second group of methods is formed by methods using partial oxidation, as for example the method according to the patent CZ 283812 “Method of processing of plastics from municipal waste”, in which in the reducing atmosphere of the burning carbon the melt of the plastic is being decomposed.
• This method is independent of its own composition of input raw materials, but it must be conducted into the reaction environment in the form of a melt This makes the method dependent on the selected waste.
• the resulting aerosol is then further conducted to its cooling, precipitation and the mutual separation in it contained gaseous, and liquid low-molecular hydrocarbons, whereupon, after the decomposition of all of the parts of organic substances from the hermetically closed reaction space, all the residual inorganic or other parts of the processed waste are gradually being removed.
• the principle of the invention consists further in the fact that the flow of the gaseous inert medium through hermetically sealed reaction space and its subsequent dissipation, together with the distributed low-molecular substances, is with advantage carried out by decreasing of the pressure at the exit from this reaction space, where by a controlled decrease of its temperature gradient towards the exit of the reaction space a narrower distribution curve of the chemical composition of the arising low-molecular hydrocarbons is provided. Reduction of the pressure at the outlet of the reaction space is also carried out to the value of the negative pressure of 0.01 to 0.03 MPa, thereby the optimum rate of flow of gaseous inert medium in the reaction space in the range of 0.001 to 0.02 m/s and a temperature gradient of 100 to 350 K/m are achieved.
• the principle of the invention consists further in the fact that the inert gaseous medium contains in volume quantity of 50 to 85% of nitrogen, 13 to 25% of carbon dioxide and 1 to 5% of carbon monoxide, when the rest is created by a superheated water steam.
• the consumed quantity of the gaseous inert medium then, in an optimal implementation of the invention, varies in the amount of 0.2 to 3 m 3 /kg of processed waste, while it acts on the processed waste for a period from 10 to 80 seconds.
• gaseous inert medium such as Helium, Argon, and their mixtures, but their practical use is limited by their availability and price.
• the waste containing organic substances thermically decomposes in five successive technological stages, where in the first stage a gaseous inert medium for the reaction on the input temperature of 300 to 900° C. is created, which in the second stage flows in the reaction space against the direction of process in which the waste is being processed.
• the treated waste is thermically decomposed in a speed, which is proportional to the temperature gradient, which means that the already partially more and more decomposed processed waste is in its progress in the reaction space still heated to a higher temperature, and thereby there is guaranteed a higher conversion of its decomposition, and the narrower distribution curve of the composition of its output products.
• the resulting aerosol is cooled to a temperature below 20° C., whereupon in the fourth stage from aerosol the liquid part of the low-molecular hydrocarbons is separated from the gas ones, which then progress along with the gaseous inert medium into the fifth stage, where they are cooled below the temperature of ⁇ 40° C. or preferably are liquefied by compression at pressures of 0.5 to 4 MPa.
• the reaction space is at such a practical implementation of the method according to the invention created in a vertical or horizontal reactor equipped, at the input of processed waste, with the filling chamber and system of hermetic closures, which are also arranged at the outlet of this reactor intended for the removal of residual inorganic or other parts of the processed waste.
• Developing of a gaseous inert medium is performed in a specially modified part of the reactor in the vicinity of its outlet, where also the oxidation of the last residues of organic parts, which were not decomposed by the previous process, takes place.
• the aerosol generated in the reaction space is moved for cooling into the system of coolers with air and hydraulic outlets of heat and subsequent condensation of the products of the aerosol is done either by the passage of the high voltage field about the potential of 10 to 45 kV or preferably in a rotary centrifugal separator, where individual charges of particles of the degradation products are discharged by contact with mechanical parts of the separator and already in the form of liquid are moved by the pipeline into storage tanks.
• Benefit of the solution according to the present invention is against all previous similar methods of production of gaseous and liquid fuels from the part of organic substances in the waste, in particular the fact that in this process it is guaranteed a perfect heat transfer to the treated waste and at the same time, it is guaranteed a perfect drainage of all reaction products from the reaction space, and even during its course. Therefore the accumulation of particular intermediates in this space does not take place; this accumulation would otherwise prevent from the overall decomposition of the processed waste, which is a typical a problem of all similar known technologies.
• a hermetically sealed vertically built reactor with a square base of side 1 meter and a height of 4.5 metres was used, in which the lower part contained the generator of gaseous inert medium with a device for the outlet of inorganic parts and the upper, filling part, is formed by hermetical chamber with two closures, whose volume amounted to 1 cubic meter.
• the middle part of the reactor was equipped in the upper part with the outlet opening for the outlet of the reaction products, which was connected to a separator of solid particles, condenser and extractor separator of particles microdroplets of hydrocarbons from the aerosol.
• the separator was connected to the collector of liquid parts, and the output of the media went through the condenser at a temperature of the cooling—15° C.
• the output from this condenser was taken out by pipe outside the workplace and was equipped with a burner for incineration of the rest.
• the reaction space or the hermetic chamber of the reactor was filled with 150 kg of mixed waste that consisted of the particles to a size of 30 mm, containing in the mass quantity of 32% of paper, 14% of sawdust, 27% of PET bottles, 11% of PS cups and 16° AD of unidentified waste in the form of the remnants of meals and packaging from them.
• the inlet temperature of the gaseous inert media amounted to 670° C.
• the vacuum pressure amounted to 0.03 MPa
• the temperature of the aerosol at the outlet of the reactor amounted to 178° C.
• the speed of flow of the gaseous inert medium in the reaction space was 0.011 m/s and a temperature gradient was 145 K/m.
• the gaseous inert medium in this specific example of implementation, contained in the volume the amount of 62% of the nitrogen, 14.5% of carbon dioxide and 1% of carbon monoxide, while the rest was formed with the superheated water steam.
• the amount of consumed gas of inert media was at 1.2 m 3 /kg of processed waste, while it operated on the treated waste for a period of 45 seconds.
• the reactor was in operation for a period of 4 hours, while there has been processed 1250 kg of waste in it.
• Products in this case consisted of 726 kg of liquid products on the calorific value of 36.4 MJ/kg, 130 kg of liquefied gas with a calorific value of 37.1 MJ/kg and 75 kg of inorganic waste.
• Method SOP 20/01 with an accuracy of ⁇ 5% determined that up to 100° C. it redistills 2% of vol., up to 200° C. it redistills 15% of vol., up to 250° C. it redistills 41% of vol. and up to 300° C. it redistills 81% of vol. The remaining 19% of vol. was the distillation residue.
• the speed of flow of the gaseous inert medium in the reaction space here was 0.015 m/s and a temperature gradient amounted to 136 K/m.
• the gaseous inert medium in this specific example of implementation, contained in the volume the amount of 64% of the nitrogen, 13.5% of carbon dioxide and 0.1% of carbon monoxide, with the remainder formed the superheated water steam.
• the amount of consumed gas of inert media was at 0.7 m 3 /kg of processed waste, while it operated on the treated waste for a period of 75 seconds.
• Method of continuous production of liquid and gaseous fuels according to the invention can be widely used to effective waste treatment and to their at least partial evaluation to the products, suitable for the drive of the thermal machines and heat production.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-07-15 CZ CZ2014-488A patent/CZ306376B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2015
  • 2015-07-09 US US15/325,360 patent/US20170174997A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-07-09 CN CN201580038143.4A patent/CN106574188A/zh active Pending
  • 2015-07-09 JP JP2017502895A patent/JP2017529416A/ja active Pending
  • 2015-07-09 KR KR1020177002955A patent/KR20170031158A/ko unknown
  • 2015-07-09 WO PCT/CZ2015/000074 patent/WO2016008460A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2015-07-09 EP EP15750916.7A patent/EP3169751B1/en active Active
  • 2015-07-09 EA EA201790197A patent/EA201790197A1/ru unknown
  • 2015-07-09 BR BR112017000792A patent/BR112017000792A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2015-07-09 SI SI201531082T patent/SI3169751T1/sl unknown
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