US20170150782A1 - Outsole of Shoe - Google Patents

Outsole of Shoe Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170150782A1
US20170150782A1 US15/309,769 US201415309769A US2017150782A1 US 20170150782 A1 US20170150782 A1 US 20170150782A1 US 201415309769 A US201415309769 A US 201415309769A US 2017150782 A1 US2017150782 A1 US 2017150782A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
ridges
area
outsole
ridge
width
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US15/309,769
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenta Moriyasu
Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki
Kazuo Hokkirigawa
Takeshi Yamaguchi
Kei Shibata
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Asics Corp
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Asics Corp
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Assigned to ASICS CORPORATION reassignment ASICS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HOKKIRIGAWA, KAZUO, SHIBATA, KEI, YAMAGUCHI, TAKESHI, MORIYASU, KENTA, NISHIWAKI, TSUYOSHI
Publication of US20170150782A1 publication Critical patent/US20170150782A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/24—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions
    • A43B13/26—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions projecting beyond the sole surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22—Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/223—Profiled soles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/04—Plastics, rubber or vulcanised fibre
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12—Soles with several layers of different materials
    • A43B13/122—Soles with several layers of different materials characterised by the outsole or external layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12—Soles with several layers of different materials
    • A43B13/125—Soles with several layers of different materials characterised by the midsole or middle layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18—Resilient soles
    • A43B13/181—Resiliency achieved by the structure of the sole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18—Resilient soles
    • A43B13/187—Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique relating to an outsole capable of contributing to improvement of frictional force produced between an outsole of a shoe and a road surface or a floor surface.
  • a surface of an outsole is generally designed in consideration of an antislip function on a road surface or a floor surface wet with water or oil. Specifically, many protrusions or ridges are formed at the surface of the outsole.
  • JP 08-280406A discloses antislip action on a floor surface wet with sweat during wearing of a shoe mainly in indoor space for playing of volleyball, for example.
  • This prior-art technique discloses preferable dimensions for the depth of a groove and the width of a ridge.
  • This prior-art technique discloses an outsole in FIGS. 2 and 3 having a cross section where the depth of a groove is greater than the width of a ridge.
  • This prior-art technique recites in paragraph 0014 that “FIG. 3 shows a state where blocks partitioned by recessed grooves fall in response to instantaneous shearing force generated during landing on the ground to make edge portions of the blocks stand up with respect to a floor surface, thereby cutting a water film to make antislip action act on a floor surface.”
  • “experimental result shows that, with the width or the depth of a recessed groove not falling within a range represented by predetermined numerical values, a ridge cannot incline successfully to make it difficult for antislip force to act on an edge itself.”
  • JP 2001-17203A relates to a shoe for indoor exercise, particularly for exercise in water.
  • This document recites in paragraph 0012 that, if a waveform groove has a wavelength approximate to that of a long straight line, excellent antislip properties are achieved in a bending direction. However, excellent antislip properties cannot be achieved in a direction parallel to a bending line.
  • WO 07/043651A discloses a shoe achieving high antislip performance on a floor surface wet with water or oil.
  • This document discloses a tread block formed of a long ridge provided at an edge side on a medial side of a foot.
  • this document does not disclose antislip performance on a dry road surface, etc.
  • JP 10-510744W is intended to enhance a shock absorbing function by largely deforming an element triangular in cross section in the vicinity of a basic osculating orbit and obtaining uniform contact pressure on an entire surface.
  • the element triangular in cross section will degrade antislip performance on a road surface, etc.
  • JP 2011-255030A discloses an outsole where a ratio of a tread area with respect to a sole area at a heel portion or a toe portion is 0.35 to 0.65. This outsole may achieve excellent antislip effect during walking on a snowy road or an icy road surface. However, this document does not describe about antislip performance on a dry road surface.
  • a longitudinally-long ridge is arranged on a lateral side of a foot, not on a medial side of the foot.
  • each of the aforementioned documents is not intended to improve frictional force on the assumption that a shoe is used on a dry road surface.
  • a shoe such as a shoe for marathon to be used mainly on a dry road surface in many cases.
  • Increasing frictional force produced in a direction of running between an outsole and a road surface, etc. will facilitate the running of a runner. Further, performance may be improved during a play.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an outsole of a shoe capable of contributing to increase in frictional force on a dry road surface or floor surface, for example.
  • the present inventors examined an instance where an elongated ridge of an outsole treads on the ground and made the following hypothesis. If force F is applied to a dry surface Sf of FIG. 6A in the lengthwise direction of a left ridge 1 P, a substantial contact surface Cs (represented with dots) between the ridge 1 P and the surface Sf will have a large area while the ridge 1 P is not deformed seriously. By contrast, if the force F is applied in the width direction of a right ridge 1 P, the ridge 1 P is subjected to bending deformation to be deformed largely. Hence, the substantial contact surface Cs between the ridge 1 P and the surface Sf will have a small area.
  • test pieces (first group) having rectangular parallelepiped shapes (cuboid) of different length-to-width ratios Pl/Pw. Then, the present inventors applied the force F to each test piece and measured a friction coefficient (coefficient of friction) Fc with the surface Sf.
  • the graph of FIG. 6B shows result of the measurement.
  • the test result of FIG. 6B shows that with the ratio Pl/Pw being 1.8 or more, the friction coefficient Fc of a large value can be obtained.
  • the present inventors prepared a different test piece (second group) Tex. shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B and measured the friction coefficient Fc.
  • the graphs of FIGS. 7C, 7D, 8A, and 8B show results of the measurement.
  • the height of the ridges 1 P (tread height) of the test piece Tex. in the second group was set at four values shown in each of these graphs.
  • the test piece Tex. was formed by stacking a midsole member 210 and an outsole member 110 stacked on a hard plate not shown in the drawings, and forming a plurality of ridges 1 P and a plurality of grooves 1 L in the outsole member 110 .
  • FIGS. 7C and 7D show measurement result about a change rate of a friction coefficient and measurement result about a dynamic friction coefficient (coefficient of dynamic friction) respectively obtained with the surface Sf wet with water.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B show measurement result about a static friction coefficient (coefficient of static friction) and measurement result about a dynamic friction coefficient respectively obtained with the surface Sf in a dry condition.
  • white circles show values obtained if the force F acts in a lengthwise direction Y of the ridges 1 P as shown in FIG. 7A .
  • black circles show values obtained if the force F acts in the width direction of the ridges 1 P as shown in FIG. 7B .
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B show that, if the ridges 1 P are arranged in such a manner as to apply force in the lengthwise direction Y (while circles), the friction coefficient Fc of a large value and large frictional force will be obtained.
  • the height of the ridges 1 P being about 2.0 mm or more, a dynamic friction coefficient is found to be higher even on a wet surface if the force F is applied in the lengthwise direction Y of the ridges 1 P.
  • the present inventors further conducted experiment using a different test piece (third group) to examine a relationship of the thickness of a midsole and the thickness of an outsole with the friction coefficient Fc and a substantial area of the contact surface Cs.
  • the graphs of FIGS. 9A and 9B show results of the experiment. As understood from comparison between these two graphs, the friction coefficient Fc and the substantial contact surface Cs are strongly correlated to each other. Specifically, making the outsole thinner relative to the midsole is generally found to increase the area of the contact surface Cs as shown in FIG. 9B . As a result, the friction coefficient Fc will be increased as shown in FIG. 9A .
  • a feature of the present invention common among independent claims is an outsole of a shoe, particularly an outsole made of a material containing soft elastomer as a principal component or a base.
  • the outsole includes: a plurality of ridges (elongated protrusions, convexes, or treads) each having a tread surface (a contact surface) to be in contact with a road surface; and at least one longitudinal groove defined between the plurality of ridges, wherein:
  • the plurality of ridges and the longitudinal groove extend in a longitudinal direction or in a diagonal longitudinal direction and are set so that an angle of the ridges with respect to a long axis of the outsole is in a range of 0° to 35°, and an angle of the groove with respect to the long axis is in a range of 0° to 35°
  • a ratio of a length of the tread surface of each of the ridges with respect to a width of the tread surface is set to be 1.8 to 200;
  • the width of the tread surface of each of the ridges is set to be greater than a width of the longitudinal groove by a factor of 2 to 100 (i.e., the width of the tread surface is 2 to 100 times the width of the longitudinal groove).
  • the at least partial area may be considered to be 16 square cm or more.
  • the plurality of ridges and the longitudinal groove extending long in the longitudinal direction or in the diagonal longitudinal direction are provided in the partial area on the medial side of a foot, bending deformation of each of the long ridges caused by wear during treading on the ground during running will be extremely small. Meanwhile, absorption or dissipation of energy accompanying shear deformation will be increased by frictional force.
  • the shape of the ridges is unlikely to be deformed during treading on a dry road surface or floor surface, so that a large contact area with the road surface will be maintained. Accordingly, this will increase frictional force on the medial side of the outsole with the dry road surface, etc.
  • the forefoot portion on the medial side is a significant portion for letting a movement locus taken by a center of gravity pass through during running or walking and is a portion where large reactive force to be applied forward is required during toe off.
  • running may be facilitated or thrust may be increased.
  • the rear foot portion on the medial side of a foot becomes a significant portion for letting the movement locus taken by a center of gravity pass through and becomes a portion to tread on the ground after a first strike as a largest impact is given.
  • a slip is unlikely to occur between the outsole and a dry road surface, etc.
  • running may be facilitated not only along a course without a gradient but also on a sloping road or a curve.
  • the presence of the longitudinal groove may contribute to weight reduction of the outsole and allow shear deformation of the ridges in such a manner that the ridges bulge toward the longitudinal groove. This will contribute to improvement of the performance of the outsole as a cushion.
  • the longitudinal groove formed between the ridges will contribute to suppressing a slip of the outsole in a direction toward a medial side and a direction toward a lateral side of a foot in the presence of fine particles of soil or sand etc. or water on a road surface.
  • an angle of the ridges and that of the longitudinal groove with respect to the long axis of the outsole are set in a range of 0° to 35°.
  • the ridges and the longitudinal groove on the medial side of a foot may be arranged parallel to the long axis, may be arranged with an inclination such that the ridges and the longitudinal groove extend closer to the long axis as the ridges and the longitudinal groove extend toward an anterior direction, or may be arranged with an inclination such that the ridges and the longitudinal groove extend closer to the long axis as the ridges and the longitudinal groove extend toward a posterior direction.
  • the width of the ridges will be reduced seriously in terms of a relationship with an entire length of the outsole.
  • the width of the ridges generally becomes less than about 1.5 mm. This makes it likely that the ridges will be deformed in various ways to cause reduction in substantial tread area during treading on the ground.
  • width ratio Pw/Lw width ratio
  • the width of the longitudinal groove will be about less than 0.1 mm, for example. This will make it impossible to manufacture the outsole or cause serious manufacturability reduction during manufacture.
  • the ratio Pw/Lw of the width of the tread surface of the ridges with respect to the depth of the longitudinal groove is preferably set to be 2 to 20.
  • the longitudinal groove becomes too deep and the outsole may become too thick.
  • the width of the tread surface of the ridges may become too small to make it likely that a substantial tread area will be reduced during the aforementioned treading on the ground.
  • the longitudinal groove becomes too shallow and the longitudinal groove may disappear due to wear of the outsole.
  • the width of the ridges may become too large. This will make it difficult to provide a sufficient number of longitudinal grooves.
  • FIG. 1 is a medial side view of a shoe including an outsole according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the outsole.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are an enlarged perspective view, a longitudinal sectional view, and a transverse sectional view respectively, showing a part of a sole schematically.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are bottom views showing movement loci taken by a center of gravity during walking and during running respectively
  • FIG. 4C is a bottom view showing frictional force applied to an outsole indicated by vectors.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are a bottom view and an enlarged transverse sectional view respectively, showing an outsole according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing a deformation state of a ridge with respect to a surface for explaining a principle of the present invention
  • FIG. 6B is a graph showing a relationship between a length ratio of the ridge and a friction coefficient.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views each showing the shape of a test piece and a moving direction of the test piece
  • FIGS. 7C and 7D are graphs showing a value of a change rate of a friction coefficient and a value of a dynamic friction coefficient respectively obtained on a wet surface (wet with water) by using the test piece.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are graphs showing a value of a static friction coefficient and a value of a dynamic friction coefficient respectively obtained on a dry (dried off) surface by using the test piece.
  • FIG. 9A is a graph showing a relationship between a ratio of the thickness of a midsole and a dynamic friction coefficient
  • FIG. 9B is a graph showing a relationship between a ratio of the thickness of a midsole and a substantial contact area.
  • FIG. 10A is a graph showing a relationship between a load applied to a tread surface and a friction coefficient
  • FIGS. 10B and 10C are side views schematically showing bending deformation and shear deformation of a ridge respectively.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B are graphs showing a relationship between a parameter R and a contact area and a relationship between the parameter R and a friction coefficient respectively.
  • FIG. 12A is an enlarged perspective view showing a virtual sample used for calculation of a friction coefficient
  • FIG. 12B is a table showing result of simulation conducted to calculate a friction coefficient with an electronic calculator by using the virtual sample.
  • FIG. 13 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 14 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 15 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 16 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 17 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 18 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIGS. 19A and 19B are tables each showing result of simulation.
  • FIGS. 20A and 20B are tables each showing result of simulation.
  • FIG. 21 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 22 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 23 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 24 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIG. 25 is a table showing result of different simulation.
  • FIGS. 26A to 26F are plan views each showing different arrangement of ridges and a different shape of the ridges.
  • the outsole includes a tip area defined to extend through the forefoot portion on the medial side over a length that is 10% of a length of the long axis in a posterior direction starting from a tip of the outsole, and a main area defined to extend through the forefoot portion on the medial side over a length that is 30% of the length of the long axis in the posterior direction starting from a back end of the tip area;
  • the tread surfaces of the ridges as a whole has an area (a total area, a collective area) that is greater than a half of an area of the main area;
  • the plurality of ridges and the longitudinal groove are provided at least in an anterior end portion of the main area.
  • the plurality of ridges and the longitudinal groove are provided in the anterior end portion of the main area directly posterior to the tip area extending over a length that is 10% of the length of the long axis.
  • the outsole has the main area divided equally in the longitudinal direction into three areas, which are a first area on an anterior side, a second area adjacent to the first area, and a third area on a posterior side;
  • At least one ridge of the plurality of ridges has an inclination in the first area such that the at least one ridge comes closer (approaches, extends closer) to the long axis as the at least one ridge extends in (toward) an anterior direction;
  • the at least one ridge, or at least one other ridge of the plurality of ridges has an inclination in the third area such that the at least one ridge or the at least one other ridge extends away from the long axis as the one ridge or the one other ridge extends in (toward) the anterior direction.
  • the ridge having an inclination in the third area such that the ridge extends away from the long axis as the ridge extends in the anterior direction and the ridge having an inclination in the first area opposite the former inclination extend in a direction in which frictional force acts that is to change along a movement locus taken by a weight center.
  • use of the ridges will facilitate increase in a friction coefficient.
  • an area (a total area, a collective area) of the tread surfaces of the plurality of ridges in the central half is set to be greater than a half of an area of the central half.
  • the outsole has a sub-area adjacent to the main area and defined to extend through the forefoot portion on the medial side over a length that is 5% of the length of the long axis in the posterior direction starting from a posterior end of the main area; and
  • an area (a total area, a collective area) of the tread surfaces of the plurality of ridges is set to be greater than a half of an area of a half of the sub-area.
  • the outsole further includes a plurality of other ridges having a tread surface to be in contact with the road surface, and at least one diagonal groove defined between the plurality of other ridges, wherein:
  • the plurality of other ridges and the diagonal groove extend in a diagonal longitudinal direction and extend closer to an outer edge of the outsole as the ridges and the groove extend toward an anterior direction, with an angle of the ridges and an angle of the groove with respect to the long axis of the outsole set in a range of 20° to 45°;
  • an angle between the plurality of ridges on the medial side and the plurality of ridges on the lateral side is set in a range of 10° to 60°.
  • the aforementioned movement locus makes a sudden change from a medial side toward a lateral side.
  • the ridges on the medial side and the ridges on the lateral side defining an angle set in the aforementioned range are arranged to follow this sudden change. This will increase frictional force to act during the aforementioned toe off.
  • a ratio Pw/Ld of the width of the tread surface of the ridges with respect to a depth of the longitudinal groove is set to be 3 to 15;
  • the depth of the longitudinal groove is set to be 0.2 to 2.5 mm.
  • the ratio Pw/Ld becomes greater than 3.
  • the longitudinal groove does not become too deep and the outsole does not become too thick.
  • the width of the tread surface of the ridges does not become too small to facilitate increase in a substantial tread area during the aforementioned treading on the ground.
  • the ratio Pw/Ld becomes smaller than 15.
  • the longitudinal groove does not become too shallow and the longitudinal groove can remain easily even in the presence of slight wear of the outsole.
  • the width of the ridges does not become too large and a sufficient number of longitudinal grooves can be provided easily.
  • the depth of the longitudinal groove is too small, the longitudinal groove will disappear in the presence of slight wear of the outsole.
  • the depth of the longitudinal groove being too large not only necessitates increase in the thickness of the outsole but also results in a high likelihood of bending deformation of the ridges caused by application of force in a width direction on the ridges, for example.
  • the depth of the longitudinal groove is preferably set to be 0.2 to 2.5 mm, more preferably, 0.4 to 2.0 mm, most preferably, 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • a feature described and/or illustrated in relation to one embodiment or one calculation example can be employed in the same form or in a similar form in one or more other embodiments or calculation examples, and/or can be employed in combination with or as an alternative to a feature in other embodiments.
  • a shoe in this embodiment, includes an outsole 1 , a midsole 2 , and an upper 3 covering an upper surface of a foot.
  • the midsole preferably has low hardness and the outsole preferably has high hardness.
  • the outsole 1 is to contact a road surface, etc., and to reduce a slip between a shoe and the road surface, etc.
  • the outsole 1 is made of a material having higher resistance to wear than the midsole 2 .
  • the material of the outsole 1 can be a non-foam or a foam containing a thermoplastic elastomer or a soft elastomer such as rubber as a principal component or a base.
  • the outsole 1 is generally set to have a higher Young's modulus and higher hardness than those of the midsole 2 .
  • Asker hardness Ha from about 55 to 75° is applicable to the outsole 1 .
  • the midsole 2 is arranged on the outsole 1 and absorbs impact occurring during landing on the ground.
  • a foam of a thermoplastic resin such as EVA is applicable as the midsole 2 .
  • the outsole 1 includes a plurality of ridges 1 P having a tread surface 10 to be in contact with a road surface, and a plurality of longitudinal grooves 1 L defined between the plurality of ridges 1 P.
  • the outsole 1 may include a transverse groove 1 W between the ridges 1 P.
  • the ridges 1 P are illustrated as having a rectangular parallelepiped shape in FIG. 3A .
  • the plurality of ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L of FIG. 2 may be provided to extend over a substantially entire region of a forefoot portion 1 F, that of a middle foot portion 1 M, and that of a rear foot portion 1 B on a medial side 11 of a foot.
  • the plurality of ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L extend in a longitudinal direction Y or in a diagonal longitudinal direction and are set so that an angle B 1 and an angle B 2 of the plurality of ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L with respect to a long axis 1 A of the outsole 1 are in a range of 0° to 35°.
  • the forefoot portion 1 F, the middle foot portion 1 M, and the rear foot portion 1 B mean parts covering a forefoot section, a middle foot section, and a rear foot section of a foot respectively not shown in the drawings.
  • the forefoot section includes five metatarsal bones and 14 phalanges, etc.
  • the middle foot section includes a navicular bone, a cuboid bone, and three cuneiform bones, etc.
  • the rear foot section includes a talus and a calcaneal bone, etc.
  • the long axis 1 A of the outsole 1 means a virtual line passing through a tip and a back end of the outsole 1 or a shoe.
  • the medial side 11 of a foot means an inside area from a virtual curve 13 defined by connecting midpoints O in the longitudinal direction Y, each being a midpoint between two points where a virtual transversal line 14 perpendicular to the long axis 1 A crosses an inner edge and an outer edge of the outsole 1 .
  • the phrase “divided (equally) into two parts” in the recitation “the main area is divided into two parts, which are an edge-side half and a central half” means that “the inside area is divided into two by a virtual curve defined by connecting midpoints in the longitudinal direction Y, each being a midpoint between a point where the transversal line 14 crosses the inner edge of the outsole 1 and the midpoint O.”
  • the outsole 1 of FIG. 2 includes a tip area AT defined to extend through the forefoot portion 1 F on the medial side 11 over a length that is 10% of the length of the long axis 1 A in a posterior direction starting from a tip of the outsole 1 , and a main area AM defined to extend through the forefoot portion 1 F on the medial side 11 over a length that is 30% of the length of the long axis 1 A in the posterior direction starting from a back end of the tip area AT.
  • a sum of the area of the tread surface 10 of the plurality of ridges 1 P is greater than a half of the area of the main area AM.
  • the plurality of ridges 1 P and the plurality of longitudinal grooves 1 L are provided in an anterior end portion of the main area AM.
  • the outsole 1 has the main area AM divided in the longitudinal direction Y into three equal parts, a first, anterior area AM 1 , a second area AM 2 adjacent to the first area AM 1 , and a third, posterior area AM 3 .
  • the plurality of ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L have the inclination B 1 in the first area AM 1 such that the ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L extend closer to the long axis 1 A as the ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L extend toward an anterior direction. Meanwhile, the plurality of ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L have the inclination B 2 in the third area AM 3 such that the ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L extend closer to the long axis 1 A as the ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L extend toward a posterior direction.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show movement loci 101 taken by a load center (weight center) during walking and during running respectively disclosed by WO 2010/038266A1.
  • a sign 100 shows a long and thick groove formed in the outsole 1 . The groove 100 is set so as to make the movement loci 101 get closer to the long axis 1 A ( FIG. 2 ).
  • FIG. 4C shows a distribution of frictional force F measured by the present inventors.
  • the force F will act on the long axis 1 A in a direction approximate to the inclination B 2 .
  • the movement loci 101 of FIGS. 4A and 4B go toward a lateral side 12 of a foot immediately before a toe portion rises from the ground.
  • the force F will act in a direction approximate to the inclination B 1 in the first area AM 1 of FIG. 2
  • the main area AM is divided into two equal parts, the edge-side half and the central half, and a sum of the area of the tread surface 10 of the plurality of ridges 1 P in the central half is set to be greater than a half of the area of the central half.
  • the outsole 1 has a sub-area AS adjacent to the main area AM and defined to extend through the forefoot portion 1 F on the medial side 11 over a length that is 5% of the length of the long axis 1 A starting from a back end of the main area AM.
  • the area of the tread surface 10 of the plurality of ridges 1 P is set to be greater than a half of the area of a half of the sub-area AS.
  • a plurality of other ridges 1 Q extending long in a transverse direction or in a diagonal direction may be provided further on the lateral side 12 of the outsole 1 .
  • a plurality of longitudinally-long ridges 1 Q extending in a longitudinal direction or in a diagonal longitudinal direction may be provided on the lateral side 12 .
  • the outsole 1 of FIG. 2 further includes a diagonal groove 1 G defined between the plurality of other ridges 1 Q having a tread surface 10 to be in contact with a road surface.
  • the plurality of other ridges 1 Q and the diagonal groove 1 G extend in a diagonal longitudinal direction and extend closer to an outer edge of the outsole 1 as the ridges 1 Q and the groove 1 G extend toward an anterior direction.
  • An angle B 3 of the ridges 1 Q and the diagonal groove 1 G with respect to the long axis 1 A of the outsole 1 may be set in a range of 20° to 45°.
  • An angle B 5 between the ridges 1 P on the medial side and the ridges 1 Q on the lateral side may be set in a range of 10° to 60°
  • the aforementioned structure of the anterior half portion of the forefoot portion 1 F will increase frictional force produced between the outsole 1 and a road surface when a load moves along the loci 101 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B to rise of a foot from the ground.
  • the plurality of other ridges 1 Q and the diagonal groove 1 G are provided at a back end portion on the lateral side 12 of the outsole 1 of FIG. 2 .
  • the ridges 1 Q and the diagonal groove 1 G at the back end portion on the lateral side 12 have an inclination such that the ridges 1 Q and the diagonal groove 1 G extend away from the long axis 1 A as the ridges 1 Q and the diagonal groove 1 G extend toward a posterior direction.
  • This structure of the back end portion will produce large frictional force on a dry road surface during a first strike.
  • an outsole member is found to provide a friction coefficient that can be subjected to power approximation to mean contact pressure.
  • An area required during the kicking phase is about a range of 40 mm square.
  • a vertical load to be applied during the kicking phase is around 800 N. Specifically, the vertical load is considered to be about 0.5 Mpa.
  • a fall of a ridge during a slipping phase results from mixture of a component of bending deformation of FIG. 10B and a component of shear deformation of FIG. 10C .
  • a high friction coefficient is achieved effectively by reducing bending deformation of the ridge and urging shear deformation.
  • Ft is frictional force applied to a tread surface of the ridge
  • I is a second moment of area determined in an x-axis direction at a cross section of x (lengthwise direction) by y (transverse direction) of a test piece;
  • Ea is an initial elasticity modulus of the outsole member
  • G is a shear elasticity modulus
  • the outsole member is an isotropic member.
  • the shear elasticity modulus G was calculated based on an elasticity modulus E of the outsole member and a Poisson's ratio of 0.46.
  • Test pieces used in this experiment all have rectangular cross sections, so that a shear correction factor k was set at 2 ⁇ 3 based on the Timoshenko beam theory.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B show examples of experimental result.
  • a contact area ratio is a dimensionless parameter obtained by dividing an actual contact area by the area of a surface of the ridge.
  • a contact area ratio being 1 means that the surface of the ridge entirely contacts a floor surface.
  • a relationship of the aforementioned parameter Rs with a contact area ratio and a friction coefficient can be expressed by log approximation. This shows that the parameter Rs is determined to be usable for anticipating a contact area about a ridge of a given shape.
  • the friction coefficient Fc was calculated through the following steps (1) to (5):
  • the initial elasticity modulus (Young's modulus) Ea of the outsole member is divided by the shear elasticity modulus G to exert no effect on the calculation. Further, an initial elasticity modulus (Young's modulus) Em of a midsole member is also omitted from the calculation formulas.
  • the initial elasticity modulus (Young's modulus) Ea of the outsole member is preferably set in a range of about 1 to about 5 Mpa and the initial elasticity modulus (Young's modulus) Em of the midsole member is preferably set in a range of about 0.5 to about 1.0 Mpa.
  • FIG. 12A shows the shape of a virtual sample used for calculation of the friction coefficient Fc.
  • This sample shape is approximate to the shape of the ridge according to the first embodiment of FIG. 2 and that of the ridge according to the second embodiment of FIG. 5A .
  • values of parameters including a width Pw and a length Pl of the tread surface 10 of the ridge 1 P set below are also applicable to the first and second embodiments. Calculations described below were all conducted for calculating the friction coefficient Fc on a dry surface.
  • FIGS. 12B and 13 show the friction coefficient Fc calculated by changing a depth Ld of a longitudinal groove and the width Pw of a ridge while fixing the other parameters at the following values:
  • FIG. 12B shows a value of the friction coefficient Fc determined if thrust is applied in the lengthwise direction of the ridge 1 P.
  • FIG. 13 shows a value of the friction coefficient Fc determined if thrust is applied in the width direction of the ridge 1 P.
  • a value of the friction coefficient Fc increases with increase in the width Pw of the ridge, irrespective of the depth Ld of the longitudinal groove. This is explained by the fact that, as the width Pw of the ridge becomes larger, a contact area increases in this calculation.
  • the ratio Pw/Ld is preferably 2 or more, more preferably, 3 or more.
  • the ratio Pw/Ld of the width Pw of the tread surface of the ridge 1 P with respect to the depth Ld of the longitudinal groove (height of the ridge) being 2 to 20, preferably 3 to 20 provides a large value of the friction coefficient Fc, as indicated in a section partitioned with bold lines in the table.
  • the outsole 1 such as one shown in each of FIGS. 2 and 5A of an actual shoe will be examined next.
  • the outsole 1 has larger specific gravity than the midsole 2 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the outsole 1 preferably has a small thickness.
  • the outsole 1 preferably has a large thickness.
  • a preferable thickness of the outsole 1 to be used for a play or general running may be from about 1.0 to about 5.0 mm.
  • the depth Ld of the longitudinal groove is preferably 0.2 to 2.5 mm, more preferably, 0.4 to 2.0 mm, most preferably, 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • the width Pw of the aforementioned ridge is too large, a side slip due to rolling contact may be caused easily in the presence of extremely small particles of soil or sand on a road surface.
  • the ratio Pw/Ld is more preferably 15 or less.
  • a slenderness ratio Ea (Pw/Ld) 2 derived from Euler's formula preferably has a value greater than 4/3.
  • FIG. 14 shows a value of the friction coefficient Fc calculated by changing the width Lw of the longitudinal groove and the length Pl of the ridge while fixing the other parameters at the following values. Calculation examples of FIGS. 14 to 25 were given by applying thrust in the lengthwise direction of the ridge 1 P.
  • the width Lw of the longitudinal groove is preferably 0.05 to 1.5 mm, most preferably, 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Further, if the length Pl of the ridge exceeds 15 mm, the friction coefficient Fc approximates to a value obtained if the length Pl has an infinite value. Thus, the length Pl of the ridge is preferably set at 15 mm or more and set not to exceed an entire length of a sole.
  • FIG. 15 shows a value of the friction coefficient Fc calculated by changing the width Pw of the ridge and the length Pl of the ridge while fixing the other parameters at the following values:
  • the width Pw of the ridge will preferably be 3 to 15 mm, more preferably, 3.5 to 12 mm, most preferably, 4 to 10 mm.
  • FIG. 16 shows a value of the friction coefficient Fc calculated by changing the width Pw of the ridge and the width Lw of the longitudinal groove while fixing the other parameters at the following values:
  • the ratio Pw/Lw is set at 2 or more, preferably, 4 or more.
  • the ratio Pw/Lw is set at 100 or less.
  • FIG. 17 shows a value of the friction coefficient Fc calculated by changing a value of the length ratio Pl/Pw and a value of the width ratio Pw/Lw while fixing the other parameters at the following values:
  • the length ratio Pl/Pw being 1.8 to 200 and the width ratio Pw/Lw being 2 to 100 are found to achieve the friction coefficient Fc of a large value.
  • the length ratio Pl/Pw will preferably be 4 or more, more preferably, 5 or more.
  • the width ratio Pw/Lw is set at 2 or more, preferably, 4 to 100.
  • the friction coefficient Fc was calculated by changing various parameters. As shown in a section surrounded by bold lines of FIG. 18 , a value of the friction coefficient Fc is small in each of ex. 502 , ex. 503 , ex. 508 , and ex. 509 .
  • a point in common about a parameter among these four examples is that the depth Wd of the transverse groove is greater than those in the other examples. Specifically, the depth Wd of the transverse groove will preferably be 0 to 1.5 mm, more preferably, 0 to 1.0 mm.
  • a sectional shape of the longitudinal groove 1 L having been subjected to the examination includes a groove “having a substantially trapezoidal shape wider at a bottom than at an opening” (dovetail groove) shown in FIG. 19A , and a substantially V-shape groove shown in FIG. 19B .
  • the width Pw of the ridge 1 P was set at a basic value of 5.0 mm in FIG. 19A .
  • the longitudinal groove 1 L may have the dovetail groove shape of FIG. 19A .
  • employing the V sectional shape of FIG. 19B reduces a value of the friction coefficient Fc.
  • a value of the friction coefficient Fc is small in a section surrounded by bold lines of FIG. 19B .
  • a reason therefor is that, if the longitudinal groove 1 L has a V sectional shape, the area of the tread surface 10 of the ridge 1 P is reduced.
  • a sectional shape of the longitudinal groove 1 L having been subjected to the examination includes an inverted trapezoidal shape of FIG. 20A and a trapezoidal shape of FIG. 20B .
  • FIGS. 20A and 20B each show a value of the friction coefficient Fc calculated by changing a length Pl 1 of a tread surface and a length Pl 2 of a non-tread surface of the ridge 1 P while fixing the other parameters at the following values:
  • FIGS. 21 to 23 were examined in the presence of thin and shallow grooves Gs in a surface of the ridge 1 P.
  • the shape and the dimension of each groove Gs are shown in a corresponding table.
  • the grooves Gs shown in FIG. 21 extend in the lengthwise direction of the ridge 1 P.
  • the grooves Gs shown in FIG. 22 extend in the width direction of the ridge 1 P.
  • the grooves Gs shown in FIG. 23 extend in a direction diagonal to the ridge 1 P.
  • the number of the grooves Gs of FIG. 21 was set at three.
  • a pitch of the grooves Gs of each of FIGS. 22 and 23 was set at 5 mm.
  • a value of the friction coefficient Fc given in FIG. 21 shows that, in the presence of the thin and longitudinal grooves Gs, if a width Vw of the thin grooves Gs is 0.4 mm, a value of the friction coefficient Fc is reduced slightly largely.
  • the width of the longitudinally-long grooves Gs to be formed in a surface of the ridge 1 P is preferably set at 0.4 mm or less. In other words, a groove at least shallower than 0.3 mm can be considered to be beyond the coverage of the longitudinal groove 1 L according to the present invention.
  • a value of the friction coefficient Fc given in FIG. 22 shows that, in the presence of the transversely-long thin and shallow grooves Gs, if a depth Vd of these grooves Gs is 0.4 mm, a value of the friction coefficient Fc is reduced largely.
  • the depth of these grooves Gs is preferably set at 0.4 mm or less.
  • a transverse groove at least shallower than 0.3 mm can be considered to be beyond the coverage of the transverse groove 1 W according to the present invention and the presence of such a shallow transverse groove can be considered to be ignorable.
  • a value of the friction coefficient Fc given in FIG. 23 shows that the presence of the shallow grooves Gs extending in the diagonal direction can be considered to be comparable to the aforementioned presence of the shallow transverse grooves Gs of FIG. 22 .
  • FIG. 24 shows result of calculation of a value of the friction coefficient Fc in the presence of a plurality of protrusions Pp in a surface of the ridge 1 P.
  • the friction coefficient Fc was calculated by changing the height of the protrusions Pp and a ratio of a total area of the protrusions Pp with respect to the area of the ridge 1 P while fixing each parameter at the following value:
  • FIG. 25 shows a value of the friction coefficient Fc in the presence of dimples DP or small protrusions (Dp) like small rectangular parallelepipeds formed at a surface of the ridge 1 P.
  • dimples DP or small protrusions (Dp) like small rectangular parallelepipeds formed at a surface of the ridge 1 P.
  • Dp small protrusions
  • a value of the friction coefficient Fc was calculated by changing the height of the small protrusions or the depth of the dimples and a ratio of a tread area with respect to the area of the ridge 1 P while fixing each parameter at the following value:
  • a value of the friction coefficient Fc given in FIG. 25 shows that, as long as a tread area on the surface of the ridge 1 P is ensured, the presence of small dimples at the surface of the ridge 1 P is considered not to affect the friction coefficient Fc seriously. Meanwhile, the presence of the small protrusions reduces a value of the friction coefficient Fc seriously.
  • the small protrusions will cause not only reduction in a tread area but also bending deformation. Thus, these protrusions are preferably omitted from the surface of the ridge 1 P.
  • FIGS. 26A to 26F each show different arrangement of ridges 1 P and a different shape of the ridges 1 P.
  • the ridges 1 P may be arranged in a staggered pattern. As shown in FIG. 26B , the ridges 1 P may have different widths Pw or different lengths P 1 .
  • a planar shape of the ridges 1 P may be a trapezoid or a parallelogram.
  • the width of the ridges 1 P can be determined by obtaining an average of a width Pwf at an anterior end and a width Pwb at a back end.
  • the ridges 1 P may have a barrel shape or conversely, a shape recessed (constricted) at a center.
  • the ridges 1 P and the longitudinal grooves 1 L may be formed into a waveform.
  • the longitudinal groove 1 L will contain a component of a transverse groove. This will reduce the friction coefficient Fc.
  • FIG. 26F shows an instance where transverse grooves are formed by providing notches 1 C, etc. in the ridges 1 P. If the depth of the notches 1 C exceeds 0.5 mm and the width of the notches 1 C is 0.5 times the width Pw of the ridges 1 P or more, the friction coefficient Fc will be reduced. Meanwhile, if the depth of the notches 1 C is 0.5 mm or less and the width of the notches 1 C is less than 0.5 times the width Pw of the ridges 1 P, the friction coefficient Fc will not be reduced seriously. Thus, such a depth and such a width of the notches 1 C can be considered to be in the coverage of the present invention.
  • a midsole may be omitted.
  • the outsole 1 is only required to be provided at least in a partial area of a forefoot portion and/or a partial area of a rear foot portion. Further, the outsole 1 may be cut partially at the forefoot portion and/or the rear foot portion.
  • the midsole 2 may be exposed at a longitudinal groove or a transverse groove of the outsole 1 . If the midsole 2 is exposed, a “depth of the longitudinal groove” may be calculated based on a “depth of a groove provided in the outsole 1 ,” or a “depth of a groove penetrating the outsole 1 to reach as far as the midsole 2 .”
  • the ridge of the present invention may be provided at one of a forefoot portion and a rear foot portion on a medial side of a foot. Such a case can also be a subject of application of each of the aforementioned embodiments and each of the simulation examples.
  • the present invention is applicable to a sole of a shoe suitable for running and walking.

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USD815409S1 (en) * 2017-08-14 2018-04-17 Nike, Inc. Shoe outsole
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USD825161S1 (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-08-14 Nike, Inc. Shoe
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US20170196305A1 (en) * 2016-01-08 2017-07-13 Nike, Inc. Articles of Footwear with Asymmetrical Segmented Plates
US10750817B2 (en) * 2016-01-08 2020-08-25 Nike, Inc. Articles of footwear with asymmetrical segmented plates
US11412812B2 (en) * 2016-01-08 2022-08-16 Nike, Inc. Articles of footwear with asymmetrical segmented plates
US11206897B2 (en) 2016-02-23 2021-12-28 Nike, Inc. Ground-engaging structures for articles of footwear
US20180160773A1 (en) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 Cels Enterprises, Inc. Shoe outer sole with surface portions for flocking
USD815409S1 (en) * 2017-08-14 2018-04-17 Nike, Inc. Shoe outsole
USD825165S1 (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-08-14 Nike, Inc. Shoe
USD825161S1 (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-08-14 Nike, Inc. Shoe
USD823585S1 (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-07-24 Nike, Inc. Shoe
US20200315293A1 (en) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Honeywell Safety Products Usa, Inc. Footwear outsole with resistance elements
US20230284740A1 (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-09-14 Kiyoshi Ikura Footwear
US11857026B2 (en) * 2020-09-01 2024-01-02 Kiyoshi Ikura Footwear

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WO2015173904A1 (fr) 2015-11-19
EP3143892A1 (fr) 2017-03-22
JPWO2015173904A1 (ja) 2017-04-20
JP5710083B1 (ja) 2015-04-30
EP3143892A4 (fr) 2017-12-27

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